[patch 102/127] selftests/x86/pkeys: move selftests to arch-neutral directory

[Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>]

From: Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
Subject: selftests/x86/pkeys: move selftests to arch-neutral directory

Patch series "selftests, powerpc, x86: Memory Protection Keys", v19.

Memory protection keys enables an application to protect its address space
from inadvertent access by its own code.

This feature is now enabled on powerpc and has been available since
4.16-rc1.  The patches move the selftests to arch neutral directory and
enhance their test coverage.

Tested on powerpc64 and x86_64 (Skylake-SP).


This patch (of 24):

Move selftest files from tools/testing/selftests/x86/ to
tools/testing/selftests/vm/.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/14d25194c3e2e652e0047feec4487e269e76e8c9.1585646528.git.sandipan@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Thiago Jung Bauermann <bauerman@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Cc: "Desnes A. Nunes do Rosario" <desnesn@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michal Suchanek <msuchanek@suse.de>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
---

 tools/testing/selftests/vm/.gitignore         |    1 
 tools/testing/selftests/vm/Makefile           |    1 
 tools/testing/selftests/vm/pkey-helpers.h     |  219 ++
 tools/testing/selftests/vm/protection_keys.c  | 1506 ++++++++++++++++
 tools/testing/selftests/x86/.gitignore        |    1 
 tools/testing/selftests/x86/Makefile          |    2 
 tools/testing/selftests/x86/pkey-helpers.h    |  219 --
 tools/testing/selftests/x86/protection_keys.c | 1506 ----------------
 8 files changed, 1728 insertions(+), 1727 deletions(-)

--- a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/.gitignore~selftests-x86-pkeys-move-selftests-to-arch-neutral-directory
+++ a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/.gitignore
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ mlock2-tests
 mremap_dontunmap
 on-fault-limit
 transhuge-stress
+protection_keys
 userfaultfd
 mlock-intersect-test
 mlock-random-test
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/Makefile~selftests-x86-pkeys-move-selftests-to-arch-neutral-directory
+++ a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/Makefile
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ TEST_GEN_FILES += map_fixed_noreplace
 TEST_GEN_FILES += map_populate
 TEST_GEN_FILES += mlock-random-test
 TEST_GEN_FILES += mlock2-tests
+TEST_GEN_FILES += protection_keys
 TEST_GEN_FILES += mremap_dontunmap
 TEST_GEN_FILES += on-fault-limit
 TEST_GEN_FILES += thuge-gen
--- /dev/null
+++ a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/pkey-helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef _PKEYS_HELPER_H
+#define _PKEYS_HELPER_H
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <ucontext.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#define NR_PKEYS 16
+#define PKRU_BITS_PER_PKEY 2
+
+#ifndef DEBUG_LEVEL
+#define DEBUG_LEVEL 0
+#endif
+#define DPRINT_IN_SIGNAL_BUF_SIZE 4096
+extern int dprint_in_signal;
+extern char dprint_in_signal_buffer[DPRINT_IN_SIGNAL_BUF_SIZE];
+static inline void sigsafe_printf(const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	if (!dprint_in_signal) {
+		va_start(ap, format);
+		vprintf(format, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+	} else {
+		int ret;
+		/*
+		 * No printf() functions are signal-safe.
+		 * They deadlock easily. Write the format
+		 * string to get some output, even if
+		 * incomplete.
+		 */
+		ret = write(1, format, strlen(format));
+		if (ret < 0)
+			exit(1);
+	}
+}
+#define dprintf_level(level, args...) do {	\
+	if (level <= DEBUG_LEVEL)		\
+		sigsafe_printf(args);		\
+} while (0)
+#define dprintf0(args...) dprintf_level(0, args)
+#define dprintf1(args...) dprintf_level(1, args)
+#define dprintf2(args...) dprintf_level(2, args)
+#define dprintf3(args...) dprintf_level(3, args)
+#define dprintf4(args...) dprintf_level(4, args)
+
+extern unsigned int shadow_pkru;
+static inline unsigned int __rdpkru(void)
+{
+	unsigned int eax, edx;
+	unsigned int ecx = 0;
+	unsigned int pkru;
+
+	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xee\n\t"
+		     : "=a" (eax), "=d" (edx)
+		     : "c" (ecx));
+	pkru = eax;
+	return pkru;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int _rdpkru(int line)
+{
+	unsigned int pkru = __rdpkru();
+
+	dprintf4("rdpkru(line=%d) pkru: %x shadow: %x\n",
+			line, pkru, shadow_pkru);
+	assert(pkru == shadow_pkru);
+
+	return pkru;
+}
+
+#define rdpkru() _rdpkru(__LINE__)
+
+static inline void __wrpkru(unsigned int pkru)
+{
+	unsigned int eax = pkru;
+	unsigned int ecx = 0;
+	unsigned int edx = 0;
+
+	dprintf4("%s() changing %08x to %08x\n", __func__, __rdpkru(), pkru);
+	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xef\n\t"
+		     : : "a" (eax), "c" (ecx), "d" (edx));
+	assert(pkru == __rdpkru());
+}
+
+static inline void wrpkru(unsigned int pkru)
+{
+	dprintf4("%s() changing %08x to %08x\n", __func__, __rdpkru(), pkru);
+	/* will do the shadow check for us: */
+	rdpkru();
+	__wrpkru(pkru);
+	shadow_pkru = pkru;
+	dprintf4("%s(%08x) pkru: %08x\n", __func__, pkru, __rdpkru());
+}
+
+/*
+ * These are technically racy. since something could
+ * change PKRU between the read and the write.
+ */
+static inline void __pkey_access_allow(int pkey, int do_allow)
+{
+	unsigned int pkru = rdpkru();
+	int bit = pkey * 2;
+
+	if (do_allow)
+		pkru &= (1<<bit);
+	else
+		pkru |= (1<<bit);
+
+	dprintf4("pkru now: %08x\n", rdpkru());
+	wrpkru(pkru);
+}
+
+static inline void __pkey_write_allow(int pkey, int do_allow_write)
+{
+	long pkru = rdpkru();
+	int bit = pkey * 2 + 1;
+
+	if (do_allow_write)
+		pkru &= (1<<bit);
+	else
+		pkru |= (1<<bit);
+
+	wrpkru(pkru);
+	dprintf4("pkru now: %08x\n", rdpkru());
+}
+
+#define PROT_PKEY0     0x10            /* protection key value (bit 0) */
+#define PROT_PKEY1     0x20            /* protection key value (bit 1) */
+#define PROT_PKEY2     0x40            /* protection key value (bit 2) */
+#define PROT_PKEY3     0x80            /* protection key value (bit 3) */
+
+#define PAGE_SIZE 4096
+#define MB	(1<<20)
+
+static inline void __cpuid(unsigned int *eax, unsigned int *ebx,
+		unsigned int *ecx, unsigned int *edx)
+{
+	/* ecx is often an input as well as an output. */
+	asm volatile(
+		"cpuid;"
+		: "=a" (*eax),
+		  "=b" (*ebx),
+		  "=c" (*ecx),
+		  "=d" (*edx)
+		: "0" (*eax), "2" (*ecx));
+}
+
+/* Intel-defined CPU features, CPUID level 0x00000007:0 (ecx) */
+#define X86_FEATURE_PKU        (1<<3) /* Protection Keys for Userspace */
+#define X86_FEATURE_OSPKE      (1<<4) /* OS Protection Keys Enable */
+
+static inline int cpu_has_pku(void)
+{
+	unsigned int eax;
+	unsigned int ebx;
+	unsigned int ecx;
+	unsigned int edx;
+
+	eax = 0x7;
+	ecx = 0x0;
+	__cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+
+	if (!(ecx & X86_FEATURE_PKU)) {
+		dprintf2("cpu does not have PKU\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!(ecx & X86_FEATURE_OSPKE)) {
+		dprintf2("cpu does not have OSPKE\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+#define XSTATE_PKRU_BIT	(9)
+#define XSTATE_PKRU	0x200
+
+int pkru_xstate_offset(void)
+{
+	unsigned int eax;
+	unsigned int ebx;
+	unsigned int ecx;
+	unsigned int edx;
+	int xstate_offset;
+	int xstate_size;
+	unsigned long XSTATE_CPUID = 0xd;
+	int leaf;
+
+	/* assume that XSTATE_PKRU is set in XCR0 */
+	leaf = XSTATE_PKRU_BIT;
+	{
+		eax = XSTATE_CPUID;
+		ecx = leaf;
+		__cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+
+		if (leaf == XSTATE_PKRU_BIT) {
+			xstate_offset = ebx;
+			xstate_size = eax;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (xstate_size == 0) {
+		printf("could not find size/offset of PKRU in xsave state\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return xstate_offset;
+}
+
+#endif /* _PKEYS_HELPER_H */
--- /dev/null
+++ a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/protection_keys.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1506 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Tests x86 Memory Protection Keys (see Documentation/core-api/protection-keys.rst)
+ *
+ * There are examples in here of:
+ *  * how to set protection keys on memory
+ *  * how to set/clear bits in PKRU (the rights register)
+ *  * how to handle SEGV_PKRU signals and extract pkey-relevant
+ *    information from the siginfo
+ *
+ * Things to add:
+ *	make sure KSM and KSM COW breaking works
+ *	prefault pages in at malloc, or not
+ *	protect MPX bounds tables with protection keys?
+ *	make sure VMA splitting/merging is working correctly
+ *	OOMs can destroy mm->mmap (see exit_mmap()), so make sure it is immune to pkeys
+ *	look for pkey "leaks" where it is still set on a VMA but "freed" back to the kernel
+ *	do a plain mprotect() to a mprotect_pkey() area and make sure the pkey sticks
+ *
+ * Compile like this:
+ *	gcc      -o protection_keys    -O2 -g -std=gnu99 -pthread -Wall protection_keys.c -lrt -ldl -lm
+ *	gcc -m32 -o protection_keys_32 -O2 -g -std=gnu99 -pthread -Wall protection_keys.c -lrt -ldl -lm
+ */
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <linux/futex.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <ucontext.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+
+#include "pkey-helpers.h"
+
+int iteration_nr = 1;
+int test_nr;
+
+unsigned int shadow_pkru;
+
+#define HPAGE_SIZE	(1UL<<21)
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*(x)))
+#define ALIGN_UP(x, align_to)	(((x) + ((align_to)-1)) & ~((align_to)-1))
+#define ALIGN_DOWN(x, align_to) ((x) & ~((align_to)-1))
+#define ALIGN_PTR_UP(p, ptr_align_to)	((typeof(p))ALIGN_UP((unsigned long)(p),	ptr_align_to))
+#define ALIGN_PTR_DOWN(p, ptr_align_to)	((typeof(p))ALIGN_DOWN((unsigned long)(p),	ptr_align_to))
+#define __stringify_1(x...)     #x
+#define __stringify(x...)       __stringify_1(x)
+
+#define PTR_ERR_ENOTSUP ((void *)-ENOTSUP)
+
+int dprint_in_signal;
+char dprint_in_signal_buffer[DPRINT_IN_SIGNAL_BUF_SIZE];
+
+extern void abort_hooks(void);
+#define pkey_assert(condition) do {		\
+	if (!(condition)) {			\
+		dprintf0("assert() at %s::%d test_nr: %d iteration: %d\n", \
+				__FILE__, __LINE__,	\
+				test_nr, iteration_nr);	\
+		dprintf0("errno at assert: %d", errno);	\
+		abort_hooks();			\
+		exit(__LINE__);			\
+	}					\
+} while (0)
+
+void cat_into_file(char *str, char *file)
+{
+	int fd = open(file, O_RDWR);
+	int ret;
+
+	dprintf2("%s(): writing '%s' to '%s'\n", __func__, str, file);
+	/*
+	 * these need to be raw because they are called under
+	 * pkey_assert()
+	 */
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "error opening '%s'\n", str);
+		perror("error: ");
+		exit(__LINE__);
+	}
+
+	ret = write(fd, str, strlen(str));
+	if (ret != strlen(str)) {
+		perror("write to file failed");
+		fprintf(stderr, "filename: '%s' str: '%s'\n", file, str);
+		exit(__LINE__);
+	}
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+#if CONTROL_TRACING > 0
+static int warned_tracing;
+int tracing_root_ok(void)
+{
+	if (geteuid() != 0) {
+		if (!warned_tracing)
+			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: not run as root, "
+					"can not do tracing control\n");
+		warned_tracing = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+void tracing_on(void)
+{
+#if CONTROL_TRACING > 0
+#define TRACEDIR "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing"
+	char pidstr[32];
+
+	if (!tracing_root_ok())
+		return;
+
+	sprintf(pidstr, "%d", getpid());
+	cat_into_file("0", TRACEDIR "/tracing_on");
+	cat_into_file("\n", TRACEDIR "/trace");
+	if (1) {
+		cat_into_file("function_graph", TRACEDIR "/current_tracer");
+		cat_into_file("1", TRACEDIR "/options/funcgraph-proc");
+	} else {
+		cat_into_file("nop", TRACEDIR "/current_tracer");
+	}
+	cat_into_file(pidstr, TRACEDIR "/set_ftrace_pid");
+	cat_into_file("1", TRACEDIR "/tracing_on");
+	dprintf1("enabled tracing\n");
+#endif
+}
+
+void tracing_off(void)
+{
+#if CONTROL_TRACING > 0
+	if (!tracing_root_ok())
+		return;
+	cat_into_file("0", "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/tracing_on");
+#endif
+}
+
+void abort_hooks(void)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "running %s()...\n", __func__);
+	tracing_off();
+#ifdef SLEEP_ON_ABORT
+	sleep(SLEEP_ON_ABORT);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void __page_o_noops(void)
+{
+	/* 8-bytes of instruction * 512 bytes = 1 page */
+	asm(".rept 512 ; nopl 0x7eeeeeee(%eax) ; .endr");
+}
+
+/*
+ * This attempts to have roughly a page of instructions followed by a few
+ * instructions that do a write, and another page of instructions.  That
+ * way, we are pretty sure that the write is in the second page of
+ * instructions and has at least a page of padding behind it.
+ *
+ * *That* lets us be sure to madvise() away the write instruction, which
+ * will then fault, which makes sure that the fault code handles
+ * execute-only memory properly.
+ */
+__attribute__((__aligned__(PAGE_SIZE)))
+void lots_o_noops_around_write(int *write_to_me)
+{
+	dprintf3("running %s()\n", __func__);
+	__page_o_noops();
+	/* Assume this happens in the second page of instructions: */
+	*write_to_me = __LINE__;
+	/* pad out by another page: */
+	__page_o_noops();
+	dprintf3("%s() done\n", __func__);
+}
+
+/* Define some kernel-like types */
+#define  u8 uint8_t
+#define u16 uint16_t
+#define u32 uint32_t
+#define u64 uint64_t
+
+#ifdef __i386__
+
+#ifndef SYS_mprotect_key
+# define SYS_mprotect_key	380
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SYS_pkey_alloc
+# define SYS_pkey_alloc		381
+# define SYS_pkey_free		382
+#endif
+
+#define REG_IP_IDX		REG_EIP
+#define si_pkey_offset		0x14
+
+#else
+
+#ifndef SYS_mprotect_key
+# define SYS_mprotect_key	329
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SYS_pkey_alloc
+# define SYS_pkey_alloc		330
+# define SYS_pkey_free		331
+#endif
+
+#define REG_IP_IDX		REG_RIP
+#define si_pkey_offset		0x20
+
+#endif
+
+void dump_mem(void *dumpme, int len_bytes)
+{
+	char *c = (void *)dumpme;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len_bytes; i += sizeof(u64)) {
+		u64 *ptr = (u64 *)(c + i);
+		dprintf1("dump[%03d][@%p]: %016jx\n", i, ptr, *ptr);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Failed address bound checks: */
+#ifndef SEGV_BNDERR
+# define SEGV_BNDERR		3
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SEGV_PKUERR
+# define SEGV_PKUERR		4
+#endif
+
+static char *si_code_str(int si_code)
+{
+	if (si_code == SEGV_MAPERR)
+		return "SEGV_MAPERR";
+	if (si_code == SEGV_ACCERR)
+		return "SEGV_ACCERR";
+	if (si_code == SEGV_BNDERR)
+		return "SEGV_BNDERR";
+	if (si_code == SEGV_PKUERR)
+		return "SEGV_PKUERR";
+	return "UNKNOWN";
+}
+
+int pkru_faults;
+int last_si_pkey = -1;
+void signal_handler(int signum, siginfo_t *si, void *vucontext)
+{
+	ucontext_t *uctxt = vucontext;
+	int trapno;
+	unsigned long ip;
+	char *fpregs;
+	u32 *pkru_ptr;
+	u64 siginfo_pkey;
+	u32 *si_pkey_ptr;
+	int pkru_offset;
+	fpregset_t fpregset;
+
+	dprint_in_signal = 1;
+	dprintf1(">>>>===============SIGSEGV============================\n");
+	dprintf1("%s()::%d, pkru: 0x%x shadow: %x\n", __func__, __LINE__,
+			__rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+
+	trapno = uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_TRAPNO];
+	ip = uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_IP_IDX];
+	fpregset = uctxt->uc_mcontext.fpregs;
+	fpregs = (void *)fpregset;
+
+	dprintf2("%s() trapno: %d ip: 0x%lx info->si_code: %s/%d\n", __func__,
+			trapno, ip, si_code_str(si->si_code), si->si_code);
+#ifdef __i386__
+	/*
+	 * 32-bit has some extra padding so that userspace can tell whether
+	 * the XSTATE header is present in addition to the "legacy" FPU
+	 * state.  We just assume that it is here.
+	 */
+	fpregs += 0x70;
+#endif
+	pkru_offset = pkru_xstate_offset();
+	pkru_ptr = (void *)(&fpregs[pkru_offset]);
+
+	dprintf1("siginfo: %p\n", si);
+	dprintf1(" fpregs: %p\n", fpregs);
+	/*
+	 * If we got a PKRU fault, we *HAVE* to have at least one bit set in
+	 * here.
+	 */
+	dprintf1("pkru_xstate_offset: %d\n", pkru_xstate_offset());
+	if (DEBUG_LEVEL > 4)
+		dump_mem(pkru_ptr - 128, 256);
+	pkey_assert(*pkru_ptr);
+
+	if ((si->si_code == SEGV_MAPERR) ||
+	    (si->si_code == SEGV_ACCERR) ||
+	    (si->si_code == SEGV_BNDERR)) {
+		printf("non-PK si_code, exiting...\n");
+		exit(4);
+	}
+
+	si_pkey_ptr = (u32 *)(((u8 *)si) + si_pkey_offset);
+	dprintf1("si_pkey_ptr: %p\n", si_pkey_ptr);
+	dump_mem((u8 *)si_pkey_ptr - 8, 24);
+	siginfo_pkey = *si_pkey_ptr;
+	pkey_assert(siginfo_pkey < NR_PKEYS);
+	last_si_pkey = siginfo_pkey;
+
+	dprintf1("signal pkru from xsave: %08x\n", *pkru_ptr);
+	/* need __rdpkru() version so we do not do shadow_pkru checking */
+	dprintf1("signal pkru from  pkru: %08x\n", __rdpkru());
+	dprintf1("pkey from siginfo: %jx\n", siginfo_pkey);
+	*(u64 *)pkru_ptr = 0x00000000;
+	dprintf1("WARNING: set PRKU=0 to allow faulting instruction to continue\n");
+	pkru_faults++;
+	dprintf1("<<<<==================================================\n");
+	dprint_in_signal = 0;
+}
+
+int wait_all_children(void)
+{
+	int status;
+	return waitpid(-1, &status, 0);
+}
+
+void sig_chld(int x)
+{
+	dprint_in_signal = 1;
+	dprintf2("[%d] SIGCHLD: %d\n", getpid(), x);
+	dprint_in_signal = 0;
+}
+
+void setup_sigsegv_handler(void)
+{
+	int r, rs;
+	struct sigaction newact;
+	struct sigaction oldact;
+
+	/* #PF is mapped to sigsegv */
+	int signum  = SIGSEGV;
+
+	newact.sa_handler = 0;
+	newact.sa_sigaction = signal_handler;
+
+	/*sigset_t - signals to block while in the handler */
+	/* get the old signal mask. */
+	rs = sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, 0, &newact.sa_mask);
+	pkey_assert(rs == 0);
+
+	/* call sa_sigaction, not sa_handler*/
+	newact.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
+
+	newact.sa_restorer = 0;  /* void(*)(), obsolete */
+	r = sigaction(signum, &newact, &oldact);
+	r = sigaction(SIGALRM, &newact, &oldact);
+	pkey_assert(r == 0);
+}
+
+void setup_handlers(void)
+{
+	signal(SIGCHLD, &sig_chld);
+	setup_sigsegv_handler();
+}
+
+pid_t fork_lazy_child(void)
+{
+	pid_t forkret;
+
+	forkret = fork();
+	pkey_assert(forkret >= 0);
+	dprintf3("[%d] fork() ret: %d\n", getpid(), forkret);
+
+	if (!forkret) {
+		/* in the child */
+		while (1) {
+			dprintf1("child sleeping...\n");
+			sleep(30);
+		}
+	}
+	return forkret;
+}
+
+#ifndef PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS
+# define PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS	0x1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE
+# define PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE	0x2
+#endif
+
+static u32 hw_pkey_get(int pkey, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	u32 mask = (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS|PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
+	u32 pkru = __rdpkru();
+	u32 shifted_pkru;
+	u32 masked_pkru;
+
+	dprintf1("%s(pkey=%d, flags=%lx) = %x / %d\n",
+			__func__, pkey, flags, 0, 0);
+	dprintf2("%s() raw pkru: %x\n", __func__, pkru);
+
+	shifted_pkru = (pkru >> (pkey * PKRU_BITS_PER_PKEY));
+	dprintf2("%s() shifted_pkru: %x\n", __func__, shifted_pkru);
+	masked_pkru = shifted_pkru & mask;
+	dprintf2("%s() masked  pkru: %x\n", __func__, masked_pkru);
+	/*
+	 * shift down the relevant bits to the lowest two, then
+	 * mask off all the other high bits.
+	 */
+	return masked_pkru;
+}
+
+static int hw_pkey_set(int pkey, unsigned long rights, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	u32 mask = (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS|PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
+	u32 old_pkru = __rdpkru();
+	u32 new_pkru;
+
+	/* make sure that 'rights' only contains the bits we expect: */
+	assert(!(rights & ~mask));
+
+	/* copy old pkru */
+	new_pkru = old_pkru;
+	/* mask out bits from pkey in old value: */
+	new_pkru &= ~(mask << (pkey * PKRU_BITS_PER_PKEY));
+	/* OR in new bits for pkey: */
+	new_pkru |= (rights << (pkey * PKRU_BITS_PER_PKEY));
+
+	__wrpkru(new_pkru);
+
+	dprintf3("%s(pkey=%d, rights=%lx, flags=%lx) = %x pkru now: %x old_pkru: %x\n",
+			__func__, pkey, rights, flags, 0, __rdpkru(), old_pkru);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void pkey_disable_set(int pkey, int flags)
+{
+	unsigned long syscall_flags = 0;
+	int ret;
+	int pkey_rights;
+	u32 orig_pkru = rdpkru();
+
+	dprintf1("START->%s(%d, 0x%x)\n", __func__,
+		pkey, flags);
+	pkey_assert(flags & (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS | PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE));
+
+	pkey_rights = hw_pkey_get(pkey, syscall_flags);
+
+	dprintf1("%s(%d) hw_pkey_get(%d): %x\n", __func__,
+			pkey, pkey, pkey_rights);
+	pkey_assert(pkey_rights >= 0);
+
+	pkey_rights |= flags;
+
+	ret = hw_pkey_set(pkey, pkey_rights, syscall_flags);
+	assert(!ret);
+	/*pkru and flags have the same format */
+	shadow_pkru |= flags << (pkey * 2);
+	dprintf1("%s(%d) shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__, pkey, shadow_pkru);
+
+	pkey_assert(ret >= 0);
+
+	pkey_rights = hw_pkey_get(pkey, syscall_flags);
+	dprintf1("%s(%d) hw_pkey_get(%d): %x\n", __func__,
+			pkey, pkey, pkey_rights);
+
+	dprintf1("%s(%d) pkru: 0x%x\n", __func__, pkey, rdpkru());
+	if (flags)
+		pkey_assert(rdpkru() > orig_pkru);
+	dprintf1("END<---%s(%d, 0x%x)\n", __func__,
+		pkey, flags);
+}
+
+void pkey_disable_clear(int pkey, int flags)
+{
+	unsigned long syscall_flags = 0;
+	int ret;
+	int pkey_rights = hw_pkey_get(pkey, syscall_flags);
+	u32 orig_pkru = rdpkru();
+
+	pkey_assert(flags & (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS | PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE));
+
+	dprintf1("%s(%d) hw_pkey_get(%d): %x\n", __func__,
+			pkey, pkey, pkey_rights);
+	pkey_assert(pkey_rights >= 0);
+
+	pkey_rights |= flags;
+
+	ret = hw_pkey_set(pkey, pkey_rights, 0);
+	/* pkru and flags have the same format */
+	shadow_pkru &= ~(flags << (pkey * 2));
+	pkey_assert(ret >= 0);
+
+	pkey_rights = hw_pkey_get(pkey, syscall_flags);
+	dprintf1("%s(%d) hw_pkey_get(%d): %x\n", __func__,
+			pkey, pkey, pkey_rights);
+
+	dprintf1("%s(%d) pkru: 0x%x\n", __func__, pkey, rdpkru());
+	if (flags)
+		assert(rdpkru() > orig_pkru);
+}
+
+void pkey_write_allow(int pkey)
+{
+	pkey_disable_clear(pkey, PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
+}
+void pkey_write_deny(int pkey)
+{
+	pkey_disable_set(pkey, PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
+}
+void pkey_access_allow(int pkey)
+{
+	pkey_disable_clear(pkey, PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS);
+}
+void pkey_access_deny(int pkey)
+{
+	pkey_disable_set(pkey, PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS);
+}
+
+int sys_mprotect_pkey(void *ptr, size_t size, unsigned long orig_prot,
+		unsigned long pkey)
+{
+	int sret;
+
+	dprintf2("%s(0x%p, %zx, prot=%lx, pkey=%lx)\n", __func__,
+			ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
+
+	errno = 0;
+	sret = syscall(SYS_mprotect_key, ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
+	if (errno) {
+		dprintf2("SYS_mprotect_key sret: %d\n", sret);
+		dprintf2("SYS_mprotect_key prot: 0x%lx\n", orig_prot);
+		dprintf2("SYS_mprotect_key failed, errno: %d\n", errno);
+		if (DEBUG_LEVEL >= 2)
+			perror("SYS_mprotect_pkey");
+	}
+	return sret;
+}
+
+int sys_pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_val)
+{
+	int ret = syscall(SYS_pkey_alloc, flags, init_val);
+	dprintf1("%s(flags=%lx, init_val=%lx) syscall ret: %d errno: %d\n",
+			__func__, flags, init_val, ret, errno);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int alloc_pkey(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	unsigned long init_val = 0x0;
+
+	dprintf1("alloc_pkey()::%d, pkru: 0x%x shadow: %x\n",
+			__LINE__, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+	ret = sys_pkey_alloc(0, init_val);
+	/*
+	 * pkey_alloc() sets PKRU, so we need to reflect it in
+	 * shadow_pkru:
+	 */
+	dprintf4("alloc_pkey()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n",
+			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+	if (ret) {
+		/* clear both the bits: */
+		shadow_pkru &= ~(0x3      << (ret * 2));
+		dprintf4("alloc_pkey()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n",
+				__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+		/*
+		 * move the new state in from init_val
+		 * (remember, we cheated and init_val == pkru format)
+		 */
+		shadow_pkru |=  (init_val << (ret * 2));
+	}
+	dprintf4("alloc_pkey()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n",
+			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+	dprintf1("alloc_pkey()::%d errno: %d\n", __LINE__, errno);
+	/* for shadow checking: */
+	rdpkru();
+	dprintf4("alloc_pkey()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n",
+			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int sys_pkey_free(unsigned long pkey)
+{
+	int ret = syscall(SYS_pkey_free, pkey);
+	dprintf1("%s(pkey=%ld) syscall ret: %d\n", __func__, pkey, ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * I had a bug where pkey bits could be set by mprotect() but
+ * not cleared.  This ensures we get lots of random bit sets
+ * and clears on the vma and pte pkey bits.
+ */
+int alloc_random_pkey(void)
+{
+	int max_nr_pkey_allocs;
+	int ret;
+	int i;
+	int alloced_pkeys[NR_PKEYS];
+	int nr_alloced = 0;
+	int random_index;
+	memset(alloced_pkeys, 0, sizeof(alloced_pkeys));
+
+	/* allocate every possible key and make a note of which ones we got */
+	max_nr_pkey_allocs = NR_PKEYS;
+	max_nr_pkey_allocs = 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < max_nr_pkey_allocs; i++) {
+		int new_pkey = alloc_pkey();
+		if (new_pkey < 0)
+			break;
+		alloced_pkeys[nr_alloced++] = new_pkey;
+	}
+
+	pkey_assert(nr_alloced > 0);
+	/* select a random one out of the allocated ones */
+	random_index = rand() % nr_alloced;
+	ret = alloced_pkeys[random_index];
+	/* now zero it out so we don't free it next */
+	alloced_pkeys[random_index] = 0;
+
+	/* go through the allocated ones that we did not want and free them */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_alloced; i++) {
+		int free_ret;
+		if (!alloced_pkeys[i])
+			continue;
+		free_ret = sys_pkey_free(alloced_pkeys[i]);
+		pkey_assert(!free_ret);
+	}
+	dprintf1("%s()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
+			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int mprotect_pkey(void *ptr, size_t size, unsigned long orig_prot,
+		unsigned long pkey)
+{
+	int nr_iterations = random() % 100;
+	int ret;
+
+	while (0) {
+		int rpkey = alloc_random_pkey();
+		ret = sys_mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
+		dprintf1("sys_mprotect_pkey(%p, %zx, prot=0x%lx, pkey=%ld) ret: %d\n",
+				ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey, ret);
+		if (nr_iterations-- < 0)
+			break;
+
+		dprintf1("%s()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
+			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+		sys_pkey_free(rpkey);
+		dprintf1("%s()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
+			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+	}
+	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
+
+	ret = sys_mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
+	dprintf1("mprotect_pkey(%p, %zx, prot=0x%lx, pkey=%ld) ret: %d\n",
+			ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey, ret);
+	pkey_assert(!ret);
+	dprintf1("%s()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
+			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct pkey_malloc_record {
+	void *ptr;
+	long size;
+	int prot;
+};
+struct pkey_malloc_record *pkey_malloc_records;
+struct pkey_malloc_record *pkey_last_malloc_record;
+long nr_pkey_malloc_records;
+void record_pkey_malloc(void *ptr, long size, int prot)
+{
+	long i;
+	struct pkey_malloc_record *rec = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_pkey_malloc_records; i++) {
+		rec = &pkey_malloc_records[i];
+		/* find a free record */
+		if (rec)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (!rec) {
+		/* every record is full */
+		size_t old_nr_records = nr_pkey_malloc_records;
+		size_t new_nr_records = (nr_pkey_malloc_records * 2 + 1);
+		size_t new_size = new_nr_records * sizeof(struct pkey_malloc_record);
+		dprintf2("new_nr_records: %zd\n", new_nr_records);
+		dprintf2("new_size: %zd\n", new_size);
+		pkey_malloc_records = realloc(pkey_malloc_records, new_size);
+		pkey_assert(pkey_malloc_records != NULL);
+		rec = &pkey_malloc_records[nr_pkey_malloc_records];
+		/*
+		 * realloc() does not initialize memory, so zero it from
+		 * the first new record all the way to the end.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < new_nr_records - old_nr_records; i++)
+			memset(rec + i, 0, sizeof(*rec));
+	}
+	dprintf3("filling malloc record[%d/%p]: {%p, %ld}\n",
+		(int)(rec - pkey_malloc_records), rec, ptr, size);
+	rec->ptr = ptr;
+	rec->size = size;
+	rec->prot = prot;
+	pkey_last_malloc_record = rec;
+	nr_pkey_malloc_records++;
+}
+
+void free_pkey_malloc(void *ptr)
+{
+	long i;
+	int ret;
+	dprintf3("%s(%p)\n", __func__, ptr);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_pkey_malloc_records; i++) {
+		struct pkey_malloc_record *rec = &pkey_malloc_records[i];
+		dprintf4("looking for ptr %p at record[%ld/%p]: {%p, %ld}\n",
+				ptr, i, rec, rec->ptr, rec->size);
+		if ((ptr <  rec->ptr) ||
+		    (ptr >= rec->ptr + rec->size))
+			continue;
+
+		dprintf3("found ptr %p at record[%ld/%p]: {%p, %ld}\n",
+				ptr, i, rec, rec->ptr, rec->size);
+		nr_pkey_malloc_records--;
+		ret = munmap(rec->ptr, rec->size);
+		dprintf3("munmap ret: %d\n", ret);
+		pkey_assert(!ret);
+		dprintf3("clearing rec->ptr, rec: %p\n", rec);
+		rec->ptr = NULL;
+		dprintf3("done clearing rec->ptr, rec: %p\n", rec);
+		return;
+	}
+	pkey_assert(false);
+}
+
+
+void *malloc_pkey_with_mprotect(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+	int ret;
+
+	rdpkru();
+	dprintf1("doing %s(size=%ld, prot=0x%x, pkey=%d)\n", __func__,
+			size, prot, pkey);
+	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, prot, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	pkey_assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+	ret = mprotect_pkey((void *)ptr, PAGE_SIZE, prot, pkey);
+	pkey_assert(!ret);
+	record_pkey_malloc(ptr, size, prot);
+	rdpkru();
+
+	dprintf1("%s() for pkey %d @ %p\n", __func__, pkey, ptr);
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+void *malloc_pkey_anon_huge(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int ret;
+	void *ptr;
+
+	dprintf1("doing %s(size=%ld, prot=0x%x, pkey=%d)\n", __func__,
+			size, prot, pkey);
+	/*
+	 * Guarantee we can fit at least one huge page in the resulting
+	 * allocation by allocating space for 2:
+	 */
+	size = ALIGN_UP(size, HPAGE_SIZE * 2);
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	pkey_assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+	record_pkey_malloc(ptr, size, prot);
+	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, pkey);
+
+	dprintf1("unaligned ptr: %p\n", ptr);
+	ptr = ALIGN_PTR_UP(ptr, HPAGE_SIZE);
+	dprintf1("  aligned ptr: %p\n", ptr);
+	ret = madvise(ptr, HPAGE_SIZE, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
+	dprintf1("MADV_HUGEPAGE ret: %d\n", ret);
+	ret = madvise(ptr, HPAGE_SIZE, MADV_WILLNEED);
+	dprintf1("MADV_WILLNEED ret: %d\n", ret);
+	memset(ptr, 0, HPAGE_SIZE);
+
+	dprintf1("mmap()'d thp for pkey %d @ %p\n", pkey, ptr);
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+int hugetlb_setup_ok;
+#define GET_NR_HUGE_PAGES 10
+void setup_hugetlbfs(void)
+{
+	int err;
+	int fd;
+	char buf[] = "123";
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: not run as root, can not do hugetlb test\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	cat_into_file(__stringify(GET_NR_HUGE_PAGES), "/proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages");
+
+	/*
+	 * Now go make sure that we got the pages and that they
+	 * are 2M pages.  Someone might have made 1G the default.
+	 */
+	fd = open("/sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages", O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		perror("opening sysfs 2M hugetlb config");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* -1 to guarantee leaving the trailing \0 */
+	err = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
+	close(fd);
+	if (err <= 0) {
+		perror("reading sysfs 2M hugetlb config");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (atoi(buf) != GET_NR_HUGE_PAGES) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "could not confirm 2M pages, got: '%s' expected %d\n",
+			buf, GET_NR_HUGE_PAGES);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	hugetlb_setup_ok = 1;
+}
+
+void *malloc_pkey_hugetlb(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+	int flags = MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_HUGETLB;
+
+	if (!hugetlb_setup_ok)
+		return PTR_ERR_ENOTSUP;
+
+	dprintf1("doing %s(%ld, %x, %x)\n", __func__, size, prot, pkey);
+	size = ALIGN_UP(size, HPAGE_SIZE * 2);
+	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, flags, -1, 0);
+	pkey_assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, pkey);
+
+	record_pkey_malloc(ptr, size, prot);
+
+	dprintf1("mmap()'d hugetlbfs for pkey %d @ %p\n", pkey, ptr);
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+void *malloc_pkey_mmap_dax(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+	int fd;
+
+	dprintf1("doing %s(size=%ld, prot=0x%x, pkey=%d)\n", __func__,
+			size, prot, pkey);
+	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
+	fd = open("/dax/foo", O_RDWR);
+	pkey_assert(fd >= 0);
+
+	ptr = mmap(0, size, prot, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+	pkey_assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+
+	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, pkey);
+
+	record_pkey_malloc(ptr, size, prot);
+
+	dprintf1("mmap()'d for pkey %d @ %p\n", pkey, ptr);
+	close(fd);
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+void *(*pkey_malloc[])(long size, int prot, u16 pkey) = {
+
+	malloc_pkey_with_mprotect,
+	malloc_pkey_anon_huge,
+	malloc_pkey_hugetlb
+/* can not do direct with the pkey_mprotect() API:
+	malloc_pkey_mmap_direct,
+	malloc_pkey_mmap_dax,
+*/
+};
+
+void *malloc_pkey(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
+{
+	void *ret;
+	static int malloc_type;
+	int nr_malloc_types = ARRAY_SIZE(pkey_malloc);
+
+	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
+
+	while (1) {
+		pkey_assert(malloc_type < nr_malloc_types);
+
+		ret = pkey_malloc[malloc_type](size, prot, pkey);
+		pkey_assert(ret != (void *)-1);
+
+		malloc_type++;
+		if (malloc_type >= nr_malloc_types)
+			malloc_type = (random()%nr_malloc_types);
+
+		/* try again if the malloc_type we tried is unsupported */
+		if (ret == PTR_ERR_ENOTSUP)
+			continue;
+
+		break;
+	}
+
+	dprintf3("%s(%ld, prot=%x, pkey=%x) returning: %p\n", __func__,
+			size, prot, pkey, ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int last_pkru_faults;
+#define UNKNOWN_PKEY -2
+void expected_pk_fault(int pkey)
+{
+	dprintf2("%s(): last_pkru_faults: %d pkru_faults: %d\n",
+			__func__, last_pkru_faults, pkru_faults);
+	dprintf2("%s(%d): last_si_pkey: %d\n", __func__, pkey, last_si_pkey);
+	pkey_assert(last_pkru_faults + 1 == pkru_faults);
+
+       /*
+	* For exec-only memory, we do not know the pkey in
+	* advance, so skip this check.
+	*/
+	if (pkey != UNKNOWN_PKEY)
+		pkey_assert(last_si_pkey == pkey);
+
+	/*
+	 * The signal handler shold have cleared out PKRU to let the
+	 * test program continue.  We now have to restore it.
+	 */
+	if (__rdpkru() != 0)
+		pkey_assert(0);
+
+	__wrpkru(shadow_pkru);
+	dprintf1("%s() set PKRU=%x to restore state after signal nuked it\n",
+			__func__, shadow_pkru);
+	last_pkru_faults = pkru_faults;
+	last_si_pkey = -1;
+}
+
+#define do_not_expect_pk_fault(msg)	do {			\
+	if (last_pkru_faults != pkru_faults)			\
+		dprintf0("unexpected PK fault: %s\n", msg);	\
+	pkey_assert(last_pkru_faults == pkru_faults);		\
+} while (0)
+
+int test_fds[10] = { -1 };
+int nr_test_fds;
+void __save_test_fd(int fd)
+{
+	pkey_assert(fd >= 0);
+	pkey_assert(nr_test_fds < ARRAY_SIZE(test_fds));
+	test_fds[nr_test_fds] = fd;
+	nr_test_fds++;
+}
+
+int get_test_read_fd(void)
+{
+	int test_fd = open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
+	__save_test_fd(test_fd);
+	return test_fd;
+}
+
+void close_test_fds(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_test_fds; i++) {
+		if (test_fds[i] < 0)
+			continue;
+		close(test_fds[i]);
+		test_fds[i] = -1;
+	}
+	nr_test_fds = 0;
+}
+
+#define barrier() __asm__ __volatile__("": : :"memory")
+__attribute__((noinline)) int read_ptr(int *ptr)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Keep GCC from optimizing this away somehow
+	 */
+	barrier();
+	return *ptr;
+}
+
+void test_read_of_write_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int ptr_contents;
+
+	dprintf1("disabling write access to PKEY[1], doing read\n");
+	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
+	ptr_contents = read_ptr(ptr);
+	dprintf1("*ptr: %d\n", ptr_contents);
+	dprintf1("\n");
+}
+void test_read_of_access_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int ptr_contents;
+
+	dprintf1("disabling access to PKEY[%02d], doing read @ %p\n", pkey, ptr);
+	rdpkru();
+	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
+	ptr_contents = read_ptr(ptr);
+	dprintf1("*ptr: %d\n", ptr_contents);
+	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
+}
+void test_write_of_write_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	dprintf1("disabling write access to PKEY[%02d], doing write\n", pkey);
+	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
+	*ptr = __LINE__;
+	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
+}
+void test_write_of_access_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	dprintf1("disabling access to PKEY[%02d], doing write\n", pkey);
+	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
+	*ptr = __LINE__;
+	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
+}
+void test_kernel_write_of_access_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int ret;
+	int test_fd = get_test_read_fd();
+
+	dprintf1("disabling access to PKEY[%02d], "
+		 "having kernel read() to buffer\n", pkey);
+	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
+	ret = read(test_fd, ptr, 1);
+	dprintf1("read ret: %d\n", ret);
+	pkey_assert(ret);
+}
+void test_kernel_write_of_write_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int ret;
+	int test_fd = get_test_read_fd();
+
+	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
+	ret = read(test_fd, ptr, 100);
+	dprintf1("read ret: %d\n", ret);
+	if (ret < 0 && (DEBUG_LEVEL > 0))
+		perror("verbose read result (OK for this to be bad)");
+	pkey_assert(ret);
+}
+
+void test_kernel_gup_of_access_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int pipe_ret, vmsplice_ret;
+	struct iovec iov;
+	int pipe_fds[2];
+
+	pipe_ret = pipe(pipe_fds);
+
+	pkey_assert(pipe_ret == 0);
+	dprintf1("disabling access to PKEY[%02d], "
+		 "having kernel vmsplice from buffer\n", pkey);
+	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
+	iov.iov_base = ptr;
+	iov.iov_len = PAGE_SIZE;
+	vmsplice_ret = vmsplice(pipe_fds[1], &iov, 1, SPLICE_F_GIFT);
+	dprintf1("vmsplice() ret: %d\n", vmsplice_ret);
+	pkey_assert(vmsplice_ret == -1);
+
+	close(pipe_fds[0]);
+	close(pipe_fds[1]);
+}
+
+void test_kernel_gup_write_to_write_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int ignored = 0xdada;
+	int futex_ret;
+	int some_int = __LINE__;
+
+	dprintf1("disabling write to PKEY[%02d], "
+		 "doing futex gunk in buffer\n", pkey);
+	*ptr = some_int;
+	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
+	futex_ret = syscall(SYS_futex, ptr, FUTEX_WAIT, some_int-1, NULL,
+			&ignored, ignored);
+	if (DEBUG_LEVEL > 0)
+		perror("futex");
+	dprintf1("futex() ret: %d\n", futex_ret);
+}
+
+/* Assumes that all pkeys other than 'pkey' are unallocated */
+void test_pkey_syscalls_on_non_allocated_pkey(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int err;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Note: 0 is the default pkey, so don't mess with it */
+	for (i = 1; i < NR_PKEYS; i++) {
+		if (pkey == i)
+			continue;
+
+		dprintf1("trying get/set/free to non-allocated pkey: %2d\n", i);
+		err = sys_pkey_free(i);
+		pkey_assert(err);
+
+		err = sys_pkey_free(i);
+		pkey_assert(err);
+
+		err = sys_mprotect_pkey(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ, i);
+		pkey_assert(err);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Assumes that all pkeys other than 'pkey' are unallocated */
+void test_pkey_syscalls_bad_args(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int err;
+	int bad_pkey = NR_PKEYS+99;
+
+	/* pass a known-invalid pkey in: */
+	err = sys_mprotect_pkey(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ, bad_pkey);
+	pkey_assert(err);
+}
+
+void become_child(void)
+{
+	pid_t forkret;
+
+	forkret = fork();
+	pkey_assert(forkret >= 0);
+	dprintf3("[%d] fork() ret: %d\n", getpid(), forkret);
+
+	if (!forkret) {
+		/* in the child */
+		return;
+	}
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+/* Assumes that all pkeys other than 'pkey' are unallocated */
+void test_pkey_alloc_exhaust(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int err;
+	int allocated_pkeys[NR_PKEYS] = {0};
+	int nr_allocated_pkeys = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_PKEYS*3; i++) {
+		int new_pkey;
+		dprintf1("%s() alloc loop: %d\n", __func__, i);
+		new_pkey = alloc_pkey();
+		dprintf4("%s()::%d, err: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
+				__LINE__, err, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
+		rdpkru(); /* for shadow checking */
+		dprintf2("%s() errno: %d ENOSPC: %d\n", __func__, errno, ENOSPC);
+		if ((new_pkey == -1) && (errno == ENOSPC)) {
+			dprintf2("%s() failed to allocate pkey after %d tries\n",
+				__func__, nr_allocated_pkeys);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Ensure the number of successes never
+			 * exceeds the number of keys supported
+			 * in the hardware.
+			 */
+			pkey_assert(nr_allocated_pkeys < NR_PKEYS);
+			allocated_pkeys[nr_allocated_pkeys++] = new_pkey;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Make sure that allocation state is properly
+		 * preserved across fork().
+		 */
+		if (i == NR_PKEYS*2)
+			become_child();
+	}
+
+	dprintf3("%s()::%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
+
+	/*
+	 * There are 16 pkeys supported in hardware.  Three are
+	 * allocated by the time we get here:
+	 *   1. The default key (0)
+	 *   2. One possibly consumed by an execute-only mapping.
+	 *   3. One allocated by the test code and passed in via
+	 *      'pkey' to this function.
+	 * Ensure that we can allocate at least another 13 (16-3).
+	 */
+	pkey_assert(i >= NR_PKEYS-3);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_allocated_pkeys; i++) {
+		err = sys_pkey_free(allocated_pkeys[i]);
+		pkey_assert(!err);
+		rdpkru(); /* for shadow checking */
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * pkey 0 is special.  It is allocated by default, so you do not
+ * have to call pkey_alloc() to use it first.  Make sure that it
+ * is usable.
+ */
+void test_mprotect_with_pkey_0(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	long size;
+	int prot;
+
+	assert(pkey_last_malloc_record);
+	size = pkey_last_malloc_record->size;
+	/*
+	 * This is a bit of a hack.  But mprotect() requires
+	 * huge-page-aligned sizes when operating on hugetlbfs.
+	 * So, make sure that we use something that's a multiple
+	 * of a huge page when we can.
+	 */
+	if (size >= HPAGE_SIZE)
+		size = HPAGE_SIZE;
+	prot = pkey_last_malloc_record->prot;
+
+	/* Use pkey 0 */
+	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, 0);
+
+	/* Make sure that we can set it back to the original pkey. */
+	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, pkey);
+}
+
+void test_ptrace_of_child(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	__attribute__((__unused__)) int peek_result;
+	pid_t child_pid;
+	void *ignored = 0;
+	long ret;
+	int status;
+	/*
+	 * This is the "control" for our little expermient.  Make sure
+	 * we can always access it when ptracing.
+	 */
+	int *plain_ptr_unaligned = malloc(HPAGE_SIZE);
+	int *plain_ptr = ALIGN_PTR_UP(plain_ptr_unaligned, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	/*
+	 * Fork a child which is an exact copy of this process, of course.
+	 * That means we can do all of our tests via ptrace() and then plain
+	 * memory access and ensure they work differently.
+	 */
+	child_pid = fork_lazy_child();
+	dprintf1("[%d] child pid: %d\n", getpid(), child_pid);
+
+	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, child_pid, ignored, ignored);
+	if (ret)
+		perror("attach");
+	dprintf1("[%d] attach ret: %ld %d\n", getpid(), ret, __LINE__);
+	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
+	ret = waitpid(child_pid, &status, WUNTRACED);
+	if ((ret != child_pid) || !(WIFSTOPPED(status))) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "weird waitpid result %ld stat %x\n",
+				ret, status);
+		pkey_assert(0);
+	}
+	dprintf2("waitpid ret: %ld\n", ret);
+	dprintf2("waitpid status: %d\n", status);
+
+	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
+	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
+
+	/* Write access, untested for now:
+	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, child_pid, peek_at, data);
+	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
+	dprintf1("poke at %p: %ld\n", peek_at, ret);
+	*/
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to access the pkey-protected "ptr" via ptrace:
+	 */
+	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, child_pid, ptr, ignored);
+	/* expect it to work, without an error: */
+	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
+	/* Now access from the current task, and expect an exception: */
+	peek_result = read_ptr(ptr);
+	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to access the NON-pkey-protected "plain_ptr" via ptrace:
+	 */
+	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, child_pid, plain_ptr, ignored);
+	/* expect it to work, without an error: */
+	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
+	/* Now access from the current task, and expect NO exception: */
+	peek_result = read_ptr(plain_ptr);
+	do_not_expect_pk_fault("read plain pointer after ptrace");
+
+	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, child_pid, ignored, 0);
+	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
+
+	ret = kill(child_pid, SIGKILL);
+	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
+
+	wait(&status);
+
+	free(plain_ptr_unaligned);
+}
+
+void *get_pointer_to_instructions(void)
+{
+	void *p1;
+
+	p1 = ALIGN_PTR_UP(&lots_o_noops_around_write, PAGE_SIZE);
+	dprintf3("&lots_o_noops: %p\n", &lots_o_noops_around_write);
+	/* lots_o_noops_around_write should be page-aligned already */
+	assert(p1 == &lots_o_noops_around_write);
+
+	/* Point 'p1' at the *second* page of the function: */
+	p1 += PAGE_SIZE;
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to ensure we fault this in on next touch to ensure
+	 * we get an instruction fault as opposed to a data one
+	 */
+	madvise(p1, PAGE_SIZE, MADV_DONTNEED);
+
+	return p1;
+}
+
+void test_executing_on_unreadable_memory(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	void *p1;
+	int scratch;
+	int ptr_contents;
+	int ret;
+
+	p1 = get_pointer_to_instructions();
+	lots_o_noops_around_write(&scratch);
+	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
+	dprintf2("ptr (%p) contents@%d: %x\n", p1, __LINE__, ptr_contents);
+
+	ret = mprotect_pkey(p1, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_EXEC, (u64)pkey);
+	pkey_assert(!ret);
+	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
+
+	dprintf2("pkru: %x\n", rdpkru());
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure this is an *instruction* fault
+	 */
+	madvise(p1, PAGE_SIZE, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	lots_o_noops_around_write(&scratch);
+	do_not_expect_pk_fault("executing on PROT_EXEC memory");
+	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
+	dprintf2("ptr (%p) contents@%d: %x\n", p1, __LINE__, ptr_contents);
+	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
+}
+
+void test_implicit_mprotect_exec_only_memory(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	void *p1;
+	int scratch;
+	int ptr_contents;
+	int ret;
+
+	dprintf1("%s() start\n", __func__);
+
+	p1 = get_pointer_to_instructions();
+	lots_o_noops_around_write(&scratch);
+	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
+	dprintf2("ptr (%p) contents@%d: %x\n", p1, __LINE__, ptr_contents);
+
+	/* Use a *normal* mprotect(), not mprotect_pkey(): */
+	ret = mprotect(p1, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_EXEC);
+	pkey_assert(!ret);
+
+	dprintf2("pkru: %x\n", rdpkru());
+
+	/* Make sure this is an *instruction* fault */
+	madvise(p1, PAGE_SIZE, MADV_DONTNEED);
+	lots_o_noops_around_write(&scratch);
+	do_not_expect_pk_fault("executing on PROT_EXEC memory");
+	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
+	dprintf2("ptr (%p) contents@%d: %x\n", p1, __LINE__, ptr_contents);
+	expected_pk_fault(UNKNOWN_PKEY);
+
+	/*
+	 * Put the memory back to non-PROT_EXEC.  Should clear the
+	 * exec-only pkey off the VMA and allow it to be readable
+	 * again.  Go to PROT_NONE first to check for a kernel bug
+	 * that did not clear the pkey when doing PROT_NONE.
+	 */
+	ret = mprotect(p1, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE);
+	pkey_assert(!ret);
+
+	ret = mprotect(p1, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC);
+	pkey_assert(!ret);
+	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
+	do_not_expect_pk_fault("plain read on recently PROT_EXEC area");
+}
+
+void test_mprotect_pkey_on_unsupported_cpu(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
+{
+	int size = PAGE_SIZE;
+	int sret;
+
+	if (cpu_has_pku()) {
+		dprintf1("SKIP: %s: no CPU support\n", __func__);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	sret = syscall(SYS_mprotect_key, ptr, size, PROT_READ, pkey);
+	pkey_assert(sret < 0);
+}
+
+void (*pkey_tests[])(int *ptr, u16 pkey) = {
+	test_read_of_write_disabled_region,
+	test_read_of_access_disabled_region,
+	test_write_of_write_disabled_region,
+	test_write_of_access_disabled_region,
+	test_kernel_write_of_access_disabled_region,
+	test_kernel_write_of_write_disabled_region,
+	test_kernel_gup_of_access_disabled_region,
+	test_kernel_gup_write_to_write_disabled_region,
+	test_executing_on_unreadable_memory,
+	test_implicit_mprotect_exec_only_memory,
+	test_mprotect_with_pkey_0,
+	test_ptrace_of_child,
+	test_pkey_syscalls_on_non_allocated_pkey,
+	test_pkey_syscalls_bad_args,
+	test_pkey_alloc_exhaust,
+};
+
+void run_tests_once(void)
+{
+	int *ptr;
+	int prot = PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
+
+	for (test_nr = 0; test_nr < ARRAY_SIZE(pkey_tests); test_nr++) {
+		int pkey;
+		int orig_pkru_faults = pkru_faults;
+
+		dprintf1("======================\n");
+		dprintf1("test %d preparing...\n", test_nr);
+
+		tracing_on();
+		pkey = alloc_random_pkey();
+		dprintf1("test %d starting with pkey: %d\n", test_nr, pkey);
+		ptr = malloc_pkey(PAGE_SIZE, prot, pkey);
+		dprintf1("test %d starting...\n", test_nr);
+		pkey_tests[test_nr](ptr, pkey);
+		dprintf1("freeing test memory: %p\n", ptr);
+		free_pkey_malloc(ptr);
+		sys_pkey_free(pkey);
+
+		dprintf1("pkru_faults: %d\n", pkru_faults);
+		dprintf1("orig_pkru_faults: %d\n", orig_pkru_faults);
+
+		tracing_off();
+		close_test_fds();
+
+		printf("test %2d PASSED (iteration %d)\n", test_nr, iteration_nr);
+		dprintf1("======================\n\n");
+	}
+	iteration_nr++;
+}
+
+void pkey_setup_shadow(void)
+{
+	shadow_pkru = __rdpkru();
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int nr_iterations = 22;
+
+	setup_handlers();
+
+	printf("has pku: %d\n", cpu_has_pku());
+
+	if (!cpu_has_pku()) {
+		int size = PAGE_SIZE;
+		int *ptr;
+
+		printf("running PKEY tests for unsupported CPU/OS\n");
+
+		ptr  = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+		assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
+		test_mprotect_pkey_on_unsupported_cpu(ptr, 1);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	pkey_setup_shadow();
+	printf("startup pkru: %x\n", rdpkru());
+	setup_hugetlbfs();
+
+	while (nr_iterations-- > 0)
+		run_tests_once();
+
+	printf("done (all tests OK)\n");
+	return 0;
+}
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/.gitignore~selftests-x86-pkeys-move-selftests-to-arch-neutral-directory
+++ a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/.gitignore
@@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ ldt_gdt
 iopl
 mpx-mini-test
 ioperm
-protection_keys
 test_vdso
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/Makefile~selftests-x86-pkeys-move-selftests-to-arch-neutral-directory
+++ a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/Makefile
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ CAN_BUILD_WITH_NOPIE := $(shell ./check_
 
 TARGETS_C_BOTHBITS := single_step_syscall sysret_ss_attrs syscall_nt test_mremap_vdso \
 			check_initial_reg_state sigreturn iopl ioperm \
-			protection_keys test_vdso test_vsyscall mov_ss_trap \
+			test_vdso test_vsyscall mov_ss_trap \
 			syscall_arg_fault
 TARGETS_C_32BIT_ONLY := entry_from_vm86 test_syscall_vdso unwind_vdso \
 			test_FCMOV test_FCOMI test_FISTTP \
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/pkey-helpers.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
-#ifndef _PKEYS_HELPER_H
-#define _PKEYS_HELPER_H
-#define _GNU_SOURCE
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <ucontext.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-
-#define NR_PKEYS 16
-#define PKRU_BITS_PER_PKEY 2
-
-#ifndef DEBUG_LEVEL
-#define DEBUG_LEVEL 0
-#endif
-#define DPRINT_IN_SIGNAL_BUF_SIZE 4096
-extern int dprint_in_signal;
-extern char dprint_in_signal_buffer[DPRINT_IN_SIGNAL_BUF_SIZE];
-static inline void sigsafe_printf(const char *format, ...)
-{
-	va_list ap;
-
-	if (!dprint_in_signal) {
-		va_start(ap, format);
-		vprintf(format, ap);
-		va_end(ap);
-	} else {
-		int ret;
-		/*
-		 * No printf() functions are signal-safe.
-		 * They deadlock easily. Write the format
-		 * string to get some output, even if
-		 * incomplete.
-		 */
-		ret = write(1, format, strlen(format));
-		if (ret < 0)
-			exit(1);
-	}
-}
-#define dprintf_level(level, args...) do {	\
-	if (level <= DEBUG_LEVEL)		\
-		sigsafe_printf(args);		\
-} while (0)
-#define dprintf0(args...) dprintf_level(0, args)
-#define dprintf1(args...) dprintf_level(1, args)
-#define dprintf2(args...) dprintf_level(2, args)
-#define dprintf3(args...) dprintf_level(3, args)
-#define dprintf4(args...) dprintf_level(4, args)
-
-extern unsigned int shadow_pkru;
-static inline unsigned int __rdpkru(void)
-{
-	unsigned int eax, edx;
-	unsigned int ecx = 0;
-	unsigned int pkru;
-
-	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xee\n\t"
-		     : "=a" (eax), "=d" (edx)
-		     : "c" (ecx));
-	pkru = eax;
-	return pkru;
-}
-
-static inline unsigned int _rdpkru(int line)
-{
-	unsigned int pkru = __rdpkru();
-
-	dprintf4("rdpkru(line=%d) pkru: %x shadow: %x\n",
-			line, pkru, shadow_pkru);
-	assert(pkru == shadow_pkru);
-
-	return pkru;
-}
-
-#define rdpkru() _rdpkru(__LINE__)
-
-static inline void __wrpkru(unsigned int pkru)
-{
-	unsigned int eax = pkru;
-	unsigned int ecx = 0;
-	unsigned int edx = 0;
-
-	dprintf4("%s() changing %08x to %08x\n", __func__, __rdpkru(), pkru);
-	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xef\n\t"
-		     : : "a" (eax), "c" (ecx), "d" (edx));
-	assert(pkru == __rdpkru());
-}
-
-static inline void wrpkru(unsigned int pkru)
-{
-	dprintf4("%s() changing %08x to %08x\n", __func__, __rdpkru(), pkru);
-	/* will do the shadow check for us: */
-	rdpkru();
-	__wrpkru(pkru);
-	shadow_pkru = pkru;
-	dprintf4("%s(%08x) pkru: %08x\n", __func__, pkru, __rdpkru());
-}
-
-/*
- * These are technically racy. since something could
- * change PKRU between the read and the write.
- */
-static inline void __pkey_access_allow(int pkey, int do_allow)
-{
-	unsigned int pkru = rdpkru();
-	int bit = pkey * 2;
-
-	if (do_allow)
-		pkru &= (1<<bit);
-	else
-		pkru |= (1<<bit);
-
-	dprintf4("pkru now: %08x\n", rdpkru());
-	wrpkru(pkru);
-}
-
-static inline void __pkey_write_allow(int pkey, int do_allow_write)
-{
-	long pkru = rdpkru();
-	int bit = pkey * 2 + 1;
-
-	if (do_allow_write)
-		pkru &= (1<<bit);
-	else
-		pkru |= (1<<bit);
-
-	wrpkru(pkru);
-	dprintf4("pkru now: %08x\n", rdpkru());
-}
-
-#define PROT_PKEY0     0x10            /* protection key value (bit 0) */
-#define PROT_PKEY1     0x20            /* protection key value (bit 1) */
-#define PROT_PKEY2     0x40            /* protection key value (bit 2) */
-#define PROT_PKEY3     0x80            /* protection key value (bit 3) */
-
-#define PAGE_SIZE 4096
-#define MB	(1<<20)
-
-static inline void __cpuid(unsigned int *eax, unsigned int *ebx,
-		unsigned int *ecx, unsigned int *edx)
-{
-	/* ecx is often an input as well as an output. */
-	asm volatile(
-		"cpuid;"
-		: "=a" (*eax),
-		  "=b" (*ebx),
-		  "=c" (*ecx),
-		  "=d" (*edx)
-		: "0" (*eax), "2" (*ecx));
-}
-
-/* Intel-defined CPU features, CPUID level 0x00000007:0 (ecx) */
-#define X86_FEATURE_PKU        (1<<3) /* Protection Keys for Userspace */
-#define X86_FEATURE_OSPKE      (1<<4) /* OS Protection Keys Enable */
-
-static inline int cpu_has_pku(void)
-{
-	unsigned int eax;
-	unsigned int ebx;
-	unsigned int ecx;
-	unsigned int edx;
-
-	eax = 0x7;
-	ecx = 0x0;
-	__cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
-
-	if (!(ecx & X86_FEATURE_PKU)) {
-		dprintf2("cpu does not have PKU\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!(ecx & X86_FEATURE_OSPKE)) {
-		dprintf2("cpu does not have OSPKE\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-#define XSTATE_PKRU_BIT	(9)
-#define XSTATE_PKRU	0x200
-
-int pkru_xstate_offset(void)
-{
-	unsigned int eax;
-	unsigned int ebx;
-	unsigned int ecx;
-	unsigned int edx;
-	int xstate_offset;
-	int xstate_size;
-	unsigned long XSTATE_CPUID = 0xd;
-	int leaf;
-
-	/* assume that XSTATE_PKRU is set in XCR0 */
-	leaf = XSTATE_PKRU_BIT;
-	{
-		eax = XSTATE_CPUID;
-		ecx = leaf;
-		__cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
-
-		if (leaf == XSTATE_PKRU_BIT) {
-			xstate_offset = ebx;
-			xstate_size = eax;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (xstate_size == 0) {
-		printf("could not find size/offset of PKRU in xsave state\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	return xstate_offset;
-}
-
-#endif /* _PKEYS_HELPER_H */
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/protection_keys.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1506 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-/*
- * Tests x86 Memory Protection Keys (see Documentation/core-api/protection-keys.rst)
- *
- * There are examples in here of:
- *  * how to set protection keys on memory
- *  * how to set/clear bits in PKRU (the rights register)
- *  * how to handle SEGV_PKRU signals and extract pkey-relevant
- *    information from the siginfo
- *
- * Things to add:
- *	make sure KSM and KSM COW breaking works
- *	prefault pages in at malloc, or not
- *	protect MPX bounds tables with protection keys?
- *	make sure VMA splitting/merging is working correctly
- *	OOMs can destroy mm->mmap (see exit_mmap()), so make sure it is immune to pkeys
- *	look for pkey "leaks" where it is still set on a VMA but "freed" back to the kernel
- *	do a plain mprotect() to a mprotect_pkey() area and make sure the pkey sticks
- *
- * Compile like this:
- *	gcc      -o protection_keys    -O2 -g -std=gnu99 -pthread -Wall protection_keys.c -lrt -ldl -lm
- *	gcc -m32 -o protection_keys_32 -O2 -g -std=gnu99 -pthread -Wall protection_keys.c -lrt -ldl -lm
- */
-#define _GNU_SOURCE
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <linux/futex.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/syscall.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <ucontext.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/ptrace.h>
-#include <setjmp.h>
-
-#include "pkey-helpers.h"
-
-int iteration_nr = 1;
-int test_nr;
-
-unsigned int shadow_pkru;
-
-#define HPAGE_SIZE	(1UL<<21)
-#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*(x)))
-#define ALIGN_UP(x, align_to)	(((x) + ((align_to)-1)) & ~((align_to)-1))
-#define ALIGN_DOWN(x, align_to) ((x) & ~((align_to)-1))
-#define ALIGN_PTR_UP(p, ptr_align_to)	((typeof(p))ALIGN_UP((unsigned long)(p),	ptr_align_to))
-#define ALIGN_PTR_DOWN(p, ptr_align_to)	((typeof(p))ALIGN_DOWN((unsigned long)(p),	ptr_align_to))
-#define __stringify_1(x...)     #x
-#define __stringify(x...)       __stringify_1(x)
-
-#define PTR_ERR_ENOTSUP ((void *)-ENOTSUP)
-
-int dprint_in_signal;
-char dprint_in_signal_buffer[DPRINT_IN_SIGNAL_BUF_SIZE];
-
-extern void abort_hooks(void);
-#define pkey_assert(condition) do {		\
-	if (!(condition)) {			\
-		dprintf0("assert() at %s::%d test_nr: %d iteration: %d\n", \
-				__FILE__, __LINE__,	\
-				test_nr, iteration_nr);	\
-		dprintf0("errno at assert: %d", errno);	\
-		abort_hooks();			\
-		exit(__LINE__);			\
-	}					\
-} while (0)
-
-void cat_into_file(char *str, char *file)
-{
-	int fd = open(file, O_RDWR);
-	int ret;
-
-	dprintf2("%s(): writing '%s' to '%s'\n", __func__, str, file);
-	/*
-	 * these need to be raw because they are called under
-	 * pkey_assert()
-	 */
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "error opening '%s'\n", str);
-		perror("error: ");
-		exit(__LINE__);
-	}
-
-	ret = write(fd, str, strlen(str));
-	if (ret != strlen(str)) {
-		perror("write to file failed");
-		fprintf(stderr, "filename: '%s' str: '%s'\n", file, str);
-		exit(__LINE__);
-	}
-	close(fd);
-}
-
-#if CONTROL_TRACING > 0
-static int warned_tracing;
-int tracing_root_ok(void)
-{
-	if (geteuid() != 0) {
-		if (!warned_tracing)
-			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: not run as root, "
-					"can not do tracing control\n");
-		warned_tracing = 1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-#endif
-
-void tracing_on(void)
-{
-#if CONTROL_TRACING > 0
-#define TRACEDIR "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing"
-	char pidstr[32];
-
-	if (!tracing_root_ok())
-		return;
-
-	sprintf(pidstr, "%d", getpid());
-	cat_into_file("0", TRACEDIR "/tracing_on");
-	cat_into_file("\n", TRACEDIR "/trace");
-	if (1) {
-		cat_into_file("function_graph", TRACEDIR "/current_tracer");
-		cat_into_file("1", TRACEDIR "/options/funcgraph-proc");
-	} else {
-		cat_into_file("nop", TRACEDIR "/current_tracer");
-	}
-	cat_into_file(pidstr, TRACEDIR "/set_ftrace_pid");
-	cat_into_file("1", TRACEDIR "/tracing_on");
-	dprintf1("enabled tracing\n");
-#endif
-}
-
-void tracing_off(void)
-{
-#if CONTROL_TRACING > 0
-	if (!tracing_root_ok())
-		return;
-	cat_into_file("0", "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/tracing_on");
-#endif
-}
-
-void abort_hooks(void)
-{
-	fprintf(stderr, "running %s()...\n", __func__);
-	tracing_off();
-#ifdef SLEEP_ON_ABORT
-	sleep(SLEEP_ON_ABORT);
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline void __page_o_noops(void)
-{
-	/* 8-bytes of instruction * 512 bytes = 1 page */
-	asm(".rept 512 ; nopl 0x7eeeeeee(%eax) ; .endr");
-}
-
-/*
- * This attempts to have roughly a page of instructions followed by a few
- * instructions that do a write, and another page of instructions.  That
- * way, we are pretty sure that the write is in the second page of
- * instructions and has at least a page of padding behind it.
- *
- * *That* lets us be sure to madvise() away the write instruction, which
- * will then fault, which makes sure that the fault code handles
- * execute-only memory properly.
- */
-__attribute__((__aligned__(PAGE_SIZE)))
-void lots_o_noops_around_write(int *write_to_me)
-{
-	dprintf3("running %s()\n", __func__);
-	__page_o_noops();
-	/* Assume this happens in the second page of instructions: */
-	*write_to_me = __LINE__;
-	/* pad out by another page: */
-	__page_o_noops();
-	dprintf3("%s() done\n", __func__);
-}
-
-/* Define some kernel-like types */
-#define  u8 uint8_t
-#define u16 uint16_t
-#define u32 uint32_t
-#define u64 uint64_t
-
-#ifdef __i386__
-
-#ifndef SYS_mprotect_key
-# define SYS_mprotect_key	380
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SYS_pkey_alloc
-# define SYS_pkey_alloc		381
-# define SYS_pkey_free		382
-#endif
-
-#define REG_IP_IDX		REG_EIP
-#define si_pkey_offset		0x14
-
-#else
-
-#ifndef SYS_mprotect_key
-# define SYS_mprotect_key	329
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SYS_pkey_alloc
-# define SYS_pkey_alloc		330
-# define SYS_pkey_free		331
-#endif
-
-#define REG_IP_IDX		REG_RIP
-#define si_pkey_offset		0x20
-
-#endif
-
-void dump_mem(void *dumpme, int len_bytes)
-{
-	char *c = (void *)dumpme;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < len_bytes; i += sizeof(u64)) {
-		u64 *ptr = (u64 *)(c + i);
-		dprintf1("dump[%03d][@%p]: %016jx\n", i, ptr, *ptr);
-	}
-}
-
-/* Failed address bound checks: */
-#ifndef SEGV_BNDERR
-# define SEGV_BNDERR		3
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SEGV_PKUERR
-# define SEGV_PKUERR		4
-#endif
-
-static char *si_code_str(int si_code)
-{
-	if (si_code == SEGV_MAPERR)
-		return "SEGV_MAPERR";
-	if (si_code == SEGV_ACCERR)
-		return "SEGV_ACCERR";
-	if (si_code == SEGV_BNDERR)
-		return "SEGV_BNDERR";
-	if (si_code == SEGV_PKUERR)
-		return "SEGV_PKUERR";
-	return "UNKNOWN";
-}
-
-int pkru_faults;
-int last_si_pkey = -1;
-void signal_handler(int signum, siginfo_t *si, void *vucontext)
-{
-	ucontext_t *uctxt = vucontext;
-	int trapno;
-	unsigned long ip;
-	char *fpregs;
-	u32 *pkru_ptr;
-	u64 siginfo_pkey;
-	u32 *si_pkey_ptr;
-	int pkru_offset;
-	fpregset_t fpregset;
-
-	dprint_in_signal = 1;
-	dprintf1(">>>>===============SIGSEGV============================\n");
-	dprintf1("%s()::%d, pkru: 0x%x shadow: %x\n", __func__, __LINE__,
-			__rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-
-	trapno = uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_TRAPNO];
-	ip = uctxt->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_IP_IDX];
-	fpregset = uctxt->uc_mcontext.fpregs;
-	fpregs = (void *)fpregset;
-
-	dprintf2("%s() trapno: %d ip: 0x%lx info->si_code: %s/%d\n", __func__,
-			trapno, ip, si_code_str(si->si_code), si->si_code);
-#ifdef __i386__
-	/*
-	 * 32-bit has some extra padding so that userspace can tell whether
-	 * the XSTATE header is present in addition to the "legacy" FPU
-	 * state.  We just assume that it is here.
-	 */
-	fpregs += 0x70;
-#endif
-	pkru_offset = pkru_xstate_offset();
-	pkru_ptr = (void *)(&fpregs[pkru_offset]);
-
-	dprintf1("siginfo: %p\n", si);
-	dprintf1(" fpregs: %p\n", fpregs);
-	/*
-	 * If we got a PKRU fault, we *HAVE* to have at least one bit set in
-	 * here.
-	 */
-	dprintf1("pkru_xstate_offset: %d\n", pkru_xstate_offset());
-	if (DEBUG_LEVEL > 4)
-		dump_mem(pkru_ptr - 128, 256);
-	pkey_assert(*pkru_ptr);
-
-	if ((si->si_code == SEGV_MAPERR) ||
-	    (si->si_code == SEGV_ACCERR) ||
-	    (si->si_code == SEGV_BNDERR)) {
-		printf("non-PK si_code, exiting...\n");
-		exit(4);
-	}
-
-	si_pkey_ptr = (u32 *)(((u8 *)si) + si_pkey_offset);
-	dprintf1("si_pkey_ptr: %p\n", si_pkey_ptr);
-	dump_mem((u8 *)si_pkey_ptr - 8, 24);
-	siginfo_pkey = *si_pkey_ptr;
-	pkey_assert(siginfo_pkey < NR_PKEYS);
-	last_si_pkey = siginfo_pkey;
-
-	dprintf1("signal pkru from xsave: %08x\n", *pkru_ptr);
-	/* need __rdpkru() version so we do not do shadow_pkru checking */
-	dprintf1("signal pkru from  pkru: %08x\n", __rdpkru());
-	dprintf1("pkey from siginfo: %jx\n", siginfo_pkey);
-	*(u64 *)pkru_ptr = 0x00000000;
-	dprintf1("WARNING: set PRKU=0 to allow faulting instruction to continue\n");
-	pkru_faults++;
-	dprintf1("<<<<==================================================\n");
-	dprint_in_signal = 0;
-}
-
-int wait_all_children(void)
-{
-	int status;
-	return waitpid(-1, &status, 0);
-}
-
-void sig_chld(int x)
-{
-	dprint_in_signal = 1;
-	dprintf2("[%d] SIGCHLD: %d\n", getpid(), x);
-	dprint_in_signal = 0;
-}
-
-void setup_sigsegv_handler(void)
-{
-	int r, rs;
-	struct sigaction newact;
-	struct sigaction oldact;
-
-	/* #PF is mapped to sigsegv */
-	int signum  = SIGSEGV;
-
-	newact.sa_handler = 0;
-	newact.sa_sigaction = signal_handler;
-
-	/*sigset_t - signals to block while in the handler */
-	/* get the old signal mask. */
-	rs = sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, 0, &newact.sa_mask);
-	pkey_assert(rs == 0);
-
-	/* call sa_sigaction, not sa_handler*/
-	newact.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
-
-	newact.sa_restorer = 0;  /* void(*)(), obsolete */
-	r = sigaction(signum, &newact, &oldact);
-	r = sigaction(SIGALRM, &newact, &oldact);
-	pkey_assert(r == 0);
-}
-
-void setup_handlers(void)
-{
-	signal(SIGCHLD, &sig_chld);
-	setup_sigsegv_handler();
-}
-
-pid_t fork_lazy_child(void)
-{
-	pid_t forkret;
-
-	forkret = fork();
-	pkey_assert(forkret >= 0);
-	dprintf3("[%d] fork() ret: %d\n", getpid(), forkret);
-
-	if (!forkret) {
-		/* in the child */
-		while (1) {
-			dprintf1("child sleeping...\n");
-			sleep(30);
-		}
-	}
-	return forkret;
-}
-
-#ifndef PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS
-# define PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS	0x1
-#endif
-
-#ifndef PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE
-# define PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE	0x2
-#endif
-
-static u32 hw_pkey_get(int pkey, unsigned long flags)
-{
-	u32 mask = (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS|PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
-	u32 pkru = __rdpkru();
-	u32 shifted_pkru;
-	u32 masked_pkru;
-
-	dprintf1("%s(pkey=%d, flags=%lx) = %x / %d\n",
-			__func__, pkey, flags, 0, 0);
-	dprintf2("%s() raw pkru: %x\n", __func__, pkru);
-
-	shifted_pkru = (pkru >> (pkey * PKRU_BITS_PER_PKEY));
-	dprintf2("%s() shifted_pkru: %x\n", __func__, shifted_pkru);
-	masked_pkru = shifted_pkru & mask;
-	dprintf2("%s() masked  pkru: %x\n", __func__, masked_pkru);
-	/*
-	 * shift down the relevant bits to the lowest two, then
-	 * mask off all the other high bits.
-	 */
-	return masked_pkru;
-}
-
-static int hw_pkey_set(int pkey, unsigned long rights, unsigned long flags)
-{
-	u32 mask = (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS|PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
-	u32 old_pkru = __rdpkru();
-	u32 new_pkru;
-
-	/* make sure that 'rights' only contains the bits we expect: */
-	assert(!(rights & ~mask));
-
-	/* copy old pkru */
-	new_pkru = old_pkru;
-	/* mask out bits from pkey in old value: */
-	new_pkru &= ~(mask << (pkey * PKRU_BITS_PER_PKEY));
-	/* OR in new bits for pkey: */
-	new_pkru |= (rights << (pkey * PKRU_BITS_PER_PKEY));
-
-	__wrpkru(new_pkru);
-
-	dprintf3("%s(pkey=%d, rights=%lx, flags=%lx) = %x pkru now: %x old_pkru: %x\n",
-			__func__, pkey, rights, flags, 0, __rdpkru(), old_pkru);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void pkey_disable_set(int pkey, int flags)
-{
-	unsigned long syscall_flags = 0;
-	int ret;
-	int pkey_rights;
-	u32 orig_pkru = rdpkru();
-
-	dprintf1("START->%s(%d, 0x%x)\n", __func__,
-		pkey, flags);
-	pkey_assert(flags & (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS | PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE));
-
-	pkey_rights = hw_pkey_get(pkey, syscall_flags);
-
-	dprintf1("%s(%d) hw_pkey_get(%d): %x\n", __func__,
-			pkey, pkey, pkey_rights);
-	pkey_assert(pkey_rights >= 0);
-
-	pkey_rights |= flags;
-
-	ret = hw_pkey_set(pkey, pkey_rights, syscall_flags);
-	assert(!ret);
-	/*pkru and flags have the same format */
-	shadow_pkru |= flags << (pkey * 2);
-	dprintf1("%s(%d) shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__, pkey, shadow_pkru);
-
-	pkey_assert(ret >= 0);
-
-	pkey_rights = hw_pkey_get(pkey, syscall_flags);
-	dprintf1("%s(%d) hw_pkey_get(%d): %x\n", __func__,
-			pkey, pkey, pkey_rights);
-
-	dprintf1("%s(%d) pkru: 0x%x\n", __func__, pkey, rdpkru());
-	if (flags)
-		pkey_assert(rdpkru() > orig_pkru);
-	dprintf1("END<---%s(%d, 0x%x)\n", __func__,
-		pkey, flags);
-}
-
-void pkey_disable_clear(int pkey, int flags)
-{
-	unsigned long syscall_flags = 0;
-	int ret;
-	int pkey_rights = hw_pkey_get(pkey, syscall_flags);
-	u32 orig_pkru = rdpkru();
-
-	pkey_assert(flags & (PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS | PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE));
-
-	dprintf1("%s(%d) hw_pkey_get(%d): %x\n", __func__,
-			pkey, pkey, pkey_rights);
-	pkey_assert(pkey_rights >= 0);
-
-	pkey_rights |= flags;
-
-	ret = hw_pkey_set(pkey, pkey_rights, 0);
-	/* pkru and flags have the same format */
-	shadow_pkru &= ~(flags << (pkey * 2));
-	pkey_assert(ret >= 0);
-
-	pkey_rights = hw_pkey_get(pkey, syscall_flags);
-	dprintf1("%s(%d) hw_pkey_get(%d): %x\n", __func__,
-			pkey, pkey, pkey_rights);
-
-	dprintf1("%s(%d) pkru: 0x%x\n", __func__, pkey, rdpkru());
-	if (flags)
-		assert(rdpkru() > orig_pkru);
-}
-
-void pkey_write_allow(int pkey)
-{
-	pkey_disable_clear(pkey, PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
-}
-void pkey_write_deny(int pkey)
-{
-	pkey_disable_set(pkey, PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE);
-}
-void pkey_access_allow(int pkey)
-{
-	pkey_disable_clear(pkey, PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS);
-}
-void pkey_access_deny(int pkey)
-{
-	pkey_disable_set(pkey, PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS);
-}
-
-int sys_mprotect_pkey(void *ptr, size_t size, unsigned long orig_prot,
-		unsigned long pkey)
-{
-	int sret;
-
-	dprintf2("%s(0x%p, %zx, prot=%lx, pkey=%lx)\n", __func__,
-			ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
-
-	errno = 0;
-	sret = syscall(SYS_mprotect_key, ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
-	if (errno) {
-		dprintf2("SYS_mprotect_key sret: %d\n", sret);
-		dprintf2("SYS_mprotect_key prot: 0x%lx\n", orig_prot);
-		dprintf2("SYS_mprotect_key failed, errno: %d\n", errno);
-		if (DEBUG_LEVEL >= 2)
-			perror("SYS_mprotect_pkey");
-	}
-	return sret;
-}
-
-int sys_pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_val)
-{
-	int ret = syscall(SYS_pkey_alloc, flags, init_val);
-	dprintf1("%s(flags=%lx, init_val=%lx) syscall ret: %d errno: %d\n",
-			__func__, flags, init_val, ret, errno);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int alloc_pkey(void)
-{
-	int ret;
-	unsigned long init_val = 0x0;
-
-	dprintf1("alloc_pkey()::%d, pkru: 0x%x shadow: %x\n",
-			__LINE__, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-	ret = sys_pkey_alloc(0, init_val);
-	/*
-	 * pkey_alloc() sets PKRU, so we need to reflect it in
-	 * shadow_pkru:
-	 */
-	dprintf4("alloc_pkey()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n",
-			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-	if (ret) {
-		/* clear both the bits: */
-		shadow_pkru &= ~(0x3      << (ret * 2));
-		dprintf4("alloc_pkey()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n",
-				__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-		/*
-		 * move the new state in from init_val
-		 * (remember, we cheated and init_val == pkru format)
-		 */
-		shadow_pkru |=  (init_val << (ret * 2));
-	}
-	dprintf4("alloc_pkey()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n",
-			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-	dprintf1("alloc_pkey()::%d errno: %d\n", __LINE__, errno);
-	/* for shadow checking: */
-	rdpkru();
-	dprintf4("alloc_pkey()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n",
-			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int sys_pkey_free(unsigned long pkey)
-{
-	int ret = syscall(SYS_pkey_free, pkey);
-	dprintf1("%s(pkey=%ld) syscall ret: %d\n", __func__, pkey, ret);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- * I had a bug where pkey bits could be set by mprotect() but
- * not cleared.  This ensures we get lots of random bit sets
- * and clears on the vma and pte pkey bits.
- */
-int alloc_random_pkey(void)
-{
-	int max_nr_pkey_allocs;
-	int ret;
-	int i;
-	int alloced_pkeys[NR_PKEYS];
-	int nr_alloced = 0;
-	int random_index;
-	memset(alloced_pkeys, 0, sizeof(alloced_pkeys));
-
-	/* allocate every possible key and make a note of which ones we got */
-	max_nr_pkey_allocs = NR_PKEYS;
-	max_nr_pkey_allocs = 1;
-	for (i = 0; i < max_nr_pkey_allocs; i++) {
-		int new_pkey = alloc_pkey();
-		if (new_pkey < 0)
-			break;
-		alloced_pkeys[nr_alloced++] = new_pkey;
-	}
-
-	pkey_assert(nr_alloced > 0);
-	/* select a random one out of the allocated ones */
-	random_index = rand() % nr_alloced;
-	ret = alloced_pkeys[random_index];
-	/* now zero it out so we don't free it next */
-	alloced_pkeys[random_index] = 0;
-
-	/* go through the allocated ones that we did not want and free them */
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_alloced; i++) {
-		int free_ret;
-		if (!alloced_pkeys[i])
-			continue;
-		free_ret = sys_pkey_free(alloced_pkeys[i]);
-		pkey_assert(!free_ret);
-	}
-	dprintf1("%s()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
-			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int mprotect_pkey(void *ptr, size_t size, unsigned long orig_prot,
-		unsigned long pkey)
-{
-	int nr_iterations = random() % 100;
-	int ret;
-
-	while (0) {
-		int rpkey = alloc_random_pkey();
-		ret = sys_mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
-		dprintf1("sys_mprotect_pkey(%p, %zx, prot=0x%lx, pkey=%ld) ret: %d\n",
-				ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey, ret);
-		if (nr_iterations-- < 0)
-			break;
-
-		dprintf1("%s()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
-			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-		sys_pkey_free(rpkey);
-		dprintf1("%s()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
-			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-	}
-	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
-
-	ret = sys_mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey);
-	dprintf1("mprotect_pkey(%p, %zx, prot=0x%lx, pkey=%ld) ret: %d\n",
-			ptr, size, orig_prot, pkey, ret);
-	pkey_assert(!ret);
-	dprintf1("%s()::%d, ret: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
-			__LINE__, ret, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-struct pkey_malloc_record {
-	void *ptr;
-	long size;
-	int prot;
-};
-struct pkey_malloc_record *pkey_malloc_records;
-struct pkey_malloc_record *pkey_last_malloc_record;
-long nr_pkey_malloc_records;
-void record_pkey_malloc(void *ptr, long size, int prot)
-{
-	long i;
-	struct pkey_malloc_record *rec = NULL;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_pkey_malloc_records; i++) {
-		rec = &pkey_malloc_records[i];
-		/* find a free record */
-		if (rec)
-			break;
-	}
-	if (!rec) {
-		/* every record is full */
-		size_t old_nr_records = nr_pkey_malloc_records;
-		size_t new_nr_records = (nr_pkey_malloc_records * 2 + 1);
-		size_t new_size = new_nr_records * sizeof(struct pkey_malloc_record);
-		dprintf2("new_nr_records: %zd\n", new_nr_records);
-		dprintf2("new_size: %zd\n", new_size);
-		pkey_malloc_records = realloc(pkey_malloc_records, new_size);
-		pkey_assert(pkey_malloc_records != NULL);
-		rec = &pkey_malloc_records[nr_pkey_malloc_records];
-		/*
-		 * realloc() does not initialize memory, so zero it from
-		 * the first new record all the way to the end.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < new_nr_records - old_nr_records; i++)
-			memset(rec + i, 0, sizeof(*rec));
-	}
-	dprintf3("filling malloc record[%d/%p]: {%p, %ld}\n",
-		(int)(rec - pkey_malloc_records), rec, ptr, size);
-	rec->ptr = ptr;
-	rec->size = size;
-	rec->prot = prot;
-	pkey_last_malloc_record = rec;
-	nr_pkey_malloc_records++;
-}
-
-void free_pkey_malloc(void *ptr)
-{
-	long i;
-	int ret;
-	dprintf3("%s(%p)\n", __func__, ptr);
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_pkey_malloc_records; i++) {
-		struct pkey_malloc_record *rec = &pkey_malloc_records[i];
-		dprintf4("looking for ptr %p at record[%ld/%p]: {%p, %ld}\n",
-				ptr, i, rec, rec->ptr, rec->size);
-		if ((ptr <  rec->ptr) ||
-		    (ptr >= rec->ptr + rec->size))
-			continue;
-
-		dprintf3("found ptr %p at record[%ld/%p]: {%p, %ld}\n",
-				ptr, i, rec, rec->ptr, rec->size);
-		nr_pkey_malloc_records--;
-		ret = munmap(rec->ptr, rec->size);
-		dprintf3("munmap ret: %d\n", ret);
-		pkey_assert(!ret);
-		dprintf3("clearing rec->ptr, rec: %p\n", rec);
-		rec->ptr = NULL;
-		dprintf3("done clearing rec->ptr, rec: %p\n", rec);
-		return;
-	}
-	pkey_assert(false);
-}
-
-
-void *malloc_pkey_with_mprotect(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
-{
-	void *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	rdpkru();
-	dprintf1("doing %s(size=%ld, prot=0x%x, pkey=%d)\n", __func__,
-			size, prot, pkey);
-	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
-	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, prot, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
-	pkey_assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
-	ret = mprotect_pkey((void *)ptr, PAGE_SIZE, prot, pkey);
-	pkey_assert(!ret);
-	record_pkey_malloc(ptr, size, prot);
-	rdpkru();
-
-	dprintf1("%s() for pkey %d @ %p\n", __func__, pkey, ptr);
-	return ptr;
-}
-
-void *malloc_pkey_anon_huge(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int ret;
-	void *ptr;
-
-	dprintf1("doing %s(size=%ld, prot=0x%x, pkey=%d)\n", __func__,
-			size, prot, pkey);
-	/*
-	 * Guarantee we can fit at least one huge page in the resulting
-	 * allocation by allocating space for 2:
-	 */
-	size = ALIGN_UP(size, HPAGE_SIZE * 2);
-	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
-	pkey_assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
-	record_pkey_malloc(ptr, size, prot);
-	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, pkey);
-
-	dprintf1("unaligned ptr: %p\n", ptr);
-	ptr = ALIGN_PTR_UP(ptr, HPAGE_SIZE);
-	dprintf1("  aligned ptr: %p\n", ptr);
-	ret = madvise(ptr, HPAGE_SIZE, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
-	dprintf1("MADV_HUGEPAGE ret: %d\n", ret);
-	ret = madvise(ptr, HPAGE_SIZE, MADV_WILLNEED);
-	dprintf1("MADV_WILLNEED ret: %d\n", ret);
-	memset(ptr, 0, HPAGE_SIZE);
-
-	dprintf1("mmap()'d thp for pkey %d @ %p\n", pkey, ptr);
-	return ptr;
-}
-
-int hugetlb_setup_ok;
-#define GET_NR_HUGE_PAGES 10
-void setup_hugetlbfs(void)
-{
-	int err;
-	int fd;
-	char buf[] = "123";
-
-	if (geteuid() != 0) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: not run as root, can not do hugetlb test\n");
-		return;
-	}
-
-	cat_into_file(__stringify(GET_NR_HUGE_PAGES), "/proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages");
-
-	/*
-	 * Now go make sure that we got the pages and that they
-	 * are 2M pages.  Someone might have made 1G the default.
-	 */
-	fd = open("/sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages", O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		perror("opening sysfs 2M hugetlb config");
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/* -1 to guarantee leaving the trailing \0 */
-	err = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
-	close(fd);
-	if (err <= 0) {
-		perror("reading sysfs 2M hugetlb config");
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (atoi(buf) != GET_NR_HUGE_PAGES) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "could not confirm 2M pages, got: '%s' expected %d\n",
-			buf, GET_NR_HUGE_PAGES);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	hugetlb_setup_ok = 1;
-}
-
-void *malloc_pkey_hugetlb(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
-{
-	void *ptr;
-	int flags = MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_HUGETLB;
-
-	if (!hugetlb_setup_ok)
-		return PTR_ERR_ENOTSUP;
-
-	dprintf1("doing %s(%ld, %x, %x)\n", __func__, size, prot, pkey);
-	size = ALIGN_UP(size, HPAGE_SIZE * 2);
-	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
-	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, flags, -1, 0);
-	pkey_assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
-	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, pkey);
-
-	record_pkey_malloc(ptr, size, prot);
-
-	dprintf1("mmap()'d hugetlbfs for pkey %d @ %p\n", pkey, ptr);
-	return ptr;
-}
-
-void *malloc_pkey_mmap_dax(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
-{
-	void *ptr;
-	int fd;
-
-	dprintf1("doing %s(size=%ld, prot=0x%x, pkey=%d)\n", __func__,
-			size, prot, pkey);
-	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
-	fd = open("/dax/foo", O_RDWR);
-	pkey_assert(fd >= 0);
-
-	ptr = mmap(0, size, prot, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
-	pkey_assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
-
-	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, pkey);
-
-	record_pkey_malloc(ptr, size, prot);
-
-	dprintf1("mmap()'d for pkey %d @ %p\n", pkey, ptr);
-	close(fd);
-	return ptr;
-}
-
-void *(*pkey_malloc[])(long size, int prot, u16 pkey) = {
-
-	malloc_pkey_with_mprotect,
-	malloc_pkey_anon_huge,
-	malloc_pkey_hugetlb
-/* can not do direct with the pkey_mprotect() API:
-	malloc_pkey_mmap_direct,
-	malloc_pkey_mmap_dax,
-*/
-};
-
-void *malloc_pkey(long size, int prot, u16 pkey)
-{
-	void *ret;
-	static int malloc_type;
-	int nr_malloc_types = ARRAY_SIZE(pkey_malloc);
-
-	pkey_assert(pkey < NR_PKEYS);
-
-	while (1) {
-		pkey_assert(malloc_type < nr_malloc_types);
-
-		ret = pkey_malloc[malloc_type](size, prot, pkey);
-		pkey_assert(ret != (void *)-1);
-
-		malloc_type++;
-		if (malloc_type >= nr_malloc_types)
-			malloc_type = (random()%nr_malloc_types);
-
-		/* try again if the malloc_type we tried is unsupported */
-		if (ret == PTR_ERR_ENOTSUP)
-			continue;
-
-		break;
-	}
-
-	dprintf3("%s(%ld, prot=%x, pkey=%x) returning: %p\n", __func__,
-			size, prot, pkey, ret);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int last_pkru_faults;
-#define UNKNOWN_PKEY -2
-void expected_pk_fault(int pkey)
-{
-	dprintf2("%s(): last_pkru_faults: %d pkru_faults: %d\n",
-			__func__, last_pkru_faults, pkru_faults);
-	dprintf2("%s(%d): last_si_pkey: %d\n", __func__, pkey, last_si_pkey);
-	pkey_assert(last_pkru_faults + 1 == pkru_faults);
-
-       /*
-	* For exec-only memory, we do not know the pkey in
-	* advance, so skip this check.
-	*/
-	if (pkey != UNKNOWN_PKEY)
-		pkey_assert(last_si_pkey == pkey);
-
-	/*
-	 * The signal handler shold have cleared out PKRU to let the
-	 * test program continue.  We now have to restore it.
-	 */
-	if (__rdpkru() != 0)
-		pkey_assert(0);
-
-	__wrpkru(shadow_pkru);
-	dprintf1("%s() set PKRU=%x to restore state after signal nuked it\n",
-			__func__, shadow_pkru);
-	last_pkru_faults = pkru_faults;
-	last_si_pkey = -1;
-}
-
-#define do_not_expect_pk_fault(msg)	do {			\
-	if (last_pkru_faults != pkru_faults)			\
-		dprintf0("unexpected PK fault: %s\n", msg);	\
-	pkey_assert(last_pkru_faults == pkru_faults);		\
-} while (0)
-
-int test_fds[10] = { -1 };
-int nr_test_fds;
-void __save_test_fd(int fd)
-{
-	pkey_assert(fd >= 0);
-	pkey_assert(nr_test_fds < ARRAY_SIZE(test_fds));
-	test_fds[nr_test_fds] = fd;
-	nr_test_fds++;
-}
-
-int get_test_read_fd(void)
-{
-	int test_fd = open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
-	__save_test_fd(test_fd);
-	return test_fd;
-}
-
-void close_test_fds(void)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_test_fds; i++) {
-		if (test_fds[i] < 0)
-			continue;
-		close(test_fds[i]);
-		test_fds[i] = -1;
-	}
-	nr_test_fds = 0;
-}
-
-#define barrier() __asm__ __volatile__("": : :"memory")
-__attribute__((noinline)) int read_ptr(int *ptr)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Keep GCC from optimizing this away somehow
-	 */
-	barrier();
-	return *ptr;
-}
-
-void test_read_of_write_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int ptr_contents;
-
-	dprintf1("disabling write access to PKEY[1], doing read\n");
-	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
-	ptr_contents = read_ptr(ptr);
-	dprintf1("*ptr: %d\n", ptr_contents);
-	dprintf1("\n");
-}
-void test_read_of_access_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int ptr_contents;
-
-	dprintf1("disabling access to PKEY[%02d], doing read @ %p\n", pkey, ptr);
-	rdpkru();
-	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
-	ptr_contents = read_ptr(ptr);
-	dprintf1("*ptr: %d\n", ptr_contents);
-	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
-}
-void test_write_of_write_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	dprintf1("disabling write access to PKEY[%02d], doing write\n", pkey);
-	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
-	*ptr = __LINE__;
-	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
-}
-void test_write_of_access_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	dprintf1("disabling access to PKEY[%02d], doing write\n", pkey);
-	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
-	*ptr = __LINE__;
-	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
-}
-void test_kernel_write_of_access_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int ret;
-	int test_fd = get_test_read_fd();
-
-	dprintf1("disabling access to PKEY[%02d], "
-		 "having kernel read() to buffer\n", pkey);
-	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
-	ret = read(test_fd, ptr, 1);
-	dprintf1("read ret: %d\n", ret);
-	pkey_assert(ret);
-}
-void test_kernel_write_of_write_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int ret;
-	int test_fd = get_test_read_fd();
-
-	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
-	ret = read(test_fd, ptr, 100);
-	dprintf1("read ret: %d\n", ret);
-	if (ret < 0 && (DEBUG_LEVEL > 0))
-		perror("verbose read result (OK for this to be bad)");
-	pkey_assert(ret);
-}
-
-void test_kernel_gup_of_access_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int pipe_ret, vmsplice_ret;
-	struct iovec iov;
-	int pipe_fds[2];
-
-	pipe_ret = pipe(pipe_fds);
-
-	pkey_assert(pipe_ret == 0);
-	dprintf1("disabling access to PKEY[%02d], "
-		 "having kernel vmsplice from buffer\n", pkey);
-	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
-	iov.iov_base = ptr;
-	iov.iov_len = PAGE_SIZE;
-	vmsplice_ret = vmsplice(pipe_fds[1], &iov, 1, SPLICE_F_GIFT);
-	dprintf1("vmsplice() ret: %d\n", vmsplice_ret);
-	pkey_assert(vmsplice_ret == -1);
-
-	close(pipe_fds[0]);
-	close(pipe_fds[1]);
-}
-
-void test_kernel_gup_write_to_write_disabled_region(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int ignored = 0xdada;
-	int futex_ret;
-	int some_int = __LINE__;
-
-	dprintf1("disabling write to PKEY[%02d], "
-		 "doing futex gunk in buffer\n", pkey);
-	*ptr = some_int;
-	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
-	futex_ret = syscall(SYS_futex, ptr, FUTEX_WAIT, some_int-1, NULL,
-			&ignored, ignored);
-	if (DEBUG_LEVEL > 0)
-		perror("futex");
-	dprintf1("futex() ret: %d\n", futex_ret);
-}
-
-/* Assumes that all pkeys other than 'pkey' are unallocated */
-void test_pkey_syscalls_on_non_allocated_pkey(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int err;
-	int i;
-
-	/* Note: 0 is the default pkey, so don't mess with it */
-	for (i = 1; i < NR_PKEYS; i++) {
-		if (pkey == i)
-			continue;
-
-		dprintf1("trying get/set/free to non-allocated pkey: %2d\n", i);
-		err = sys_pkey_free(i);
-		pkey_assert(err);
-
-		err = sys_pkey_free(i);
-		pkey_assert(err);
-
-		err = sys_mprotect_pkey(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ, i);
-		pkey_assert(err);
-	}
-}
-
-/* Assumes that all pkeys other than 'pkey' are unallocated */
-void test_pkey_syscalls_bad_args(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int err;
-	int bad_pkey = NR_PKEYS+99;
-
-	/* pass a known-invalid pkey in: */
-	err = sys_mprotect_pkey(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ, bad_pkey);
-	pkey_assert(err);
-}
-
-void become_child(void)
-{
-	pid_t forkret;
-
-	forkret = fork();
-	pkey_assert(forkret >= 0);
-	dprintf3("[%d] fork() ret: %d\n", getpid(), forkret);
-
-	if (!forkret) {
-		/* in the child */
-		return;
-	}
-	exit(0);
-}
-
-/* Assumes that all pkeys other than 'pkey' are unallocated */
-void test_pkey_alloc_exhaust(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int err;
-	int allocated_pkeys[NR_PKEYS] = {0};
-	int nr_allocated_pkeys = 0;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < NR_PKEYS*3; i++) {
-		int new_pkey;
-		dprintf1("%s() alloc loop: %d\n", __func__, i);
-		new_pkey = alloc_pkey();
-		dprintf4("%s()::%d, err: %d pkru: 0x%x shadow: 0x%x\n", __func__,
-				__LINE__, err, __rdpkru(), shadow_pkru);
-		rdpkru(); /* for shadow checking */
-		dprintf2("%s() errno: %d ENOSPC: %d\n", __func__, errno, ENOSPC);
-		if ((new_pkey == -1) && (errno == ENOSPC)) {
-			dprintf2("%s() failed to allocate pkey after %d tries\n",
-				__func__, nr_allocated_pkeys);
-		} else {
-			/*
-			 * Ensure the number of successes never
-			 * exceeds the number of keys supported
-			 * in the hardware.
-			 */
-			pkey_assert(nr_allocated_pkeys < NR_PKEYS);
-			allocated_pkeys[nr_allocated_pkeys++] = new_pkey;
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Make sure that allocation state is properly
-		 * preserved across fork().
-		 */
-		if (i == NR_PKEYS*2)
-			become_child();
-	}
-
-	dprintf3("%s()::%d\n", __func__, __LINE__);
-
-	/*
-	 * There are 16 pkeys supported in hardware.  Three are
-	 * allocated by the time we get here:
-	 *   1. The default key (0)
-	 *   2. One possibly consumed by an execute-only mapping.
-	 *   3. One allocated by the test code and passed in via
-	 *      'pkey' to this function.
-	 * Ensure that we can allocate at least another 13 (16-3).
-	 */
-	pkey_assert(i >= NR_PKEYS-3);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_allocated_pkeys; i++) {
-		err = sys_pkey_free(allocated_pkeys[i]);
-		pkey_assert(!err);
-		rdpkru(); /* for shadow checking */
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * pkey 0 is special.  It is allocated by default, so you do not
- * have to call pkey_alloc() to use it first.  Make sure that it
- * is usable.
- */
-void test_mprotect_with_pkey_0(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	long size;
-	int prot;
-
-	assert(pkey_last_malloc_record);
-	size = pkey_last_malloc_record->size;
-	/*
-	 * This is a bit of a hack.  But mprotect() requires
-	 * huge-page-aligned sizes when operating on hugetlbfs.
-	 * So, make sure that we use something that's a multiple
-	 * of a huge page when we can.
-	 */
-	if (size >= HPAGE_SIZE)
-		size = HPAGE_SIZE;
-	prot = pkey_last_malloc_record->prot;
-
-	/* Use pkey 0 */
-	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, 0);
-
-	/* Make sure that we can set it back to the original pkey. */
-	mprotect_pkey(ptr, size, prot, pkey);
-}
-
-void test_ptrace_of_child(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	__attribute__((__unused__)) int peek_result;
-	pid_t child_pid;
-	void *ignored = 0;
-	long ret;
-	int status;
-	/*
-	 * This is the "control" for our little expermient.  Make sure
-	 * we can always access it when ptracing.
-	 */
-	int *plain_ptr_unaligned = malloc(HPAGE_SIZE);
-	int *plain_ptr = ALIGN_PTR_UP(plain_ptr_unaligned, PAGE_SIZE);
-
-	/*
-	 * Fork a child which is an exact copy of this process, of course.
-	 * That means we can do all of our tests via ptrace() and then plain
-	 * memory access and ensure they work differently.
-	 */
-	child_pid = fork_lazy_child();
-	dprintf1("[%d] child pid: %d\n", getpid(), child_pid);
-
-	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, child_pid, ignored, ignored);
-	if (ret)
-		perror("attach");
-	dprintf1("[%d] attach ret: %ld %d\n", getpid(), ret, __LINE__);
-	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
-	ret = waitpid(child_pid, &status, WUNTRACED);
-	if ((ret != child_pid) || !(WIFSTOPPED(status))) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "weird waitpid result %ld stat %x\n",
-				ret, status);
-		pkey_assert(0);
-	}
-	dprintf2("waitpid ret: %ld\n", ret);
-	dprintf2("waitpid status: %d\n", status);
-
-	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
-	pkey_write_deny(pkey);
-
-	/* Write access, untested for now:
-	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, child_pid, peek_at, data);
-	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
-	dprintf1("poke at %p: %ld\n", peek_at, ret);
-	*/
-
-	/*
-	 * Try to access the pkey-protected "ptr" via ptrace:
-	 */
-	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, child_pid, ptr, ignored);
-	/* expect it to work, without an error: */
-	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
-	/* Now access from the current task, and expect an exception: */
-	peek_result = read_ptr(ptr);
-	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
-
-	/*
-	 * Try to access the NON-pkey-protected "plain_ptr" via ptrace:
-	 */
-	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, child_pid, plain_ptr, ignored);
-	/* expect it to work, without an error: */
-	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
-	/* Now access from the current task, and expect NO exception: */
-	peek_result = read_ptr(plain_ptr);
-	do_not_expect_pk_fault("read plain pointer after ptrace");
-
-	ret = ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, child_pid, ignored, 0);
-	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
-
-	ret = kill(child_pid, SIGKILL);
-	pkey_assert(ret != -1);
-
-	wait(&status);
-
-	free(plain_ptr_unaligned);
-}
-
-void *get_pointer_to_instructions(void)
-{
-	void *p1;
-
-	p1 = ALIGN_PTR_UP(&lots_o_noops_around_write, PAGE_SIZE);
-	dprintf3("&lots_o_noops: %p\n", &lots_o_noops_around_write);
-	/* lots_o_noops_around_write should be page-aligned already */
-	assert(p1 == &lots_o_noops_around_write);
-
-	/* Point 'p1' at the *second* page of the function: */
-	p1 += PAGE_SIZE;
-
-	/*
-	 * Try to ensure we fault this in on next touch to ensure
-	 * we get an instruction fault as opposed to a data one
-	 */
-	madvise(p1, PAGE_SIZE, MADV_DONTNEED);
-
-	return p1;
-}
-
-void test_executing_on_unreadable_memory(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	void *p1;
-	int scratch;
-	int ptr_contents;
-	int ret;
-
-	p1 = get_pointer_to_instructions();
-	lots_o_noops_around_write(&scratch);
-	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
-	dprintf2("ptr (%p) contents@%d: %x\n", p1, __LINE__, ptr_contents);
-
-	ret = mprotect_pkey(p1, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_EXEC, (u64)pkey);
-	pkey_assert(!ret);
-	pkey_access_deny(pkey);
-
-	dprintf2("pkru: %x\n", rdpkru());
-
-	/*
-	 * Make sure this is an *instruction* fault
-	 */
-	madvise(p1, PAGE_SIZE, MADV_DONTNEED);
-	lots_o_noops_around_write(&scratch);
-	do_not_expect_pk_fault("executing on PROT_EXEC memory");
-	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
-	dprintf2("ptr (%p) contents@%d: %x\n", p1, __LINE__, ptr_contents);
-	expected_pk_fault(pkey);
-}
-
-void test_implicit_mprotect_exec_only_memory(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	void *p1;
-	int scratch;
-	int ptr_contents;
-	int ret;
-
-	dprintf1("%s() start\n", __func__);
-
-	p1 = get_pointer_to_instructions();
-	lots_o_noops_around_write(&scratch);
-	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
-	dprintf2("ptr (%p) contents@%d: %x\n", p1, __LINE__, ptr_contents);
-
-	/* Use a *normal* mprotect(), not mprotect_pkey(): */
-	ret = mprotect(p1, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_EXEC);
-	pkey_assert(!ret);
-
-	dprintf2("pkru: %x\n", rdpkru());
-
-	/* Make sure this is an *instruction* fault */
-	madvise(p1, PAGE_SIZE, MADV_DONTNEED);
-	lots_o_noops_around_write(&scratch);
-	do_not_expect_pk_fault("executing on PROT_EXEC memory");
-	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
-	dprintf2("ptr (%p) contents@%d: %x\n", p1, __LINE__, ptr_contents);
-	expected_pk_fault(UNKNOWN_PKEY);
-
-	/*
-	 * Put the memory back to non-PROT_EXEC.  Should clear the
-	 * exec-only pkey off the VMA and allow it to be readable
-	 * again.  Go to PROT_NONE first to check for a kernel bug
-	 * that did not clear the pkey when doing PROT_NONE.
-	 */
-	ret = mprotect(p1, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE);
-	pkey_assert(!ret);
-
-	ret = mprotect(p1, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC);
-	pkey_assert(!ret);
-	ptr_contents = read_ptr(p1);
-	do_not_expect_pk_fault("plain read on recently PROT_EXEC area");
-}
-
-void test_mprotect_pkey_on_unsupported_cpu(int *ptr, u16 pkey)
-{
-	int size = PAGE_SIZE;
-	int sret;
-
-	if (cpu_has_pku()) {
-		dprintf1("SKIP: %s: no CPU support\n", __func__);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	sret = syscall(SYS_mprotect_key, ptr, size, PROT_READ, pkey);
-	pkey_assert(sret < 0);
-}
-
-void (*pkey_tests[])(int *ptr, u16 pkey) = {
-	test_read_of_write_disabled_region,
-	test_read_of_access_disabled_region,
-	test_write_of_write_disabled_region,
-	test_write_of_access_disabled_region,
-	test_kernel_write_of_access_disabled_region,
-	test_kernel_write_of_write_disabled_region,
-	test_kernel_gup_of_access_disabled_region,
-	test_kernel_gup_write_to_write_disabled_region,
-	test_executing_on_unreadable_memory,
-	test_implicit_mprotect_exec_only_memory,
-	test_mprotect_with_pkey_0,
-	test_ptrace_of_child,
-	test_pkey_syscalls_on_non_allocated_pkey,
-	test_pkey_syscalls_bad_args,
-	test_pkey_alloc_exhaust,
-};
-
-void run_tests_once(void)
-{
-	int *ptr;
-	int prot = PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
-
-	for (test_nr = 0; test_nr < ARRAY_SIZE(pkey_tests); test_nr++) {
-		int pkey;
-		int orig_pkru_faults = pkru_faults;
-
-		dprintf1("======================\n");
-		dprintf1("test %d preparing...\n", test_nr);
-
-		tracing_on();
-		pkey = alloc_random_pkey();
-		dprintf1("test %d starting with pkey: %d\n", test_nr, pkey);
-		ptr = malloc_pkey(PAGE_SIZE, prot, pkey);
-		dprintf1("test %d starting...\n", test_nr);
-		pkey_tests[test_nr](ptr, pkey);
-		dprintf1("freeing test memory: %p\n", ptr);
-		free_pkey_malloc(ptr);
-		sys_pkey_free(pkey);
-
-		dprintf1("pkru_faults: %d\n", pkru_faults);
-		dprintf1("orig_pkru_faults: %d\n", orig_pkru_faults);
-
-		tracing_off();
-		close_test_fds();
-
-		printf("test %2d PASSED (iteration %d)\n", test_nr, iteration_nr);
-		dprintf1("======================\n\n");
-	}
-	iteration_nr++;
-}
-
-void pkey_setup_shadow(void)
-{
-	shadow_pkru = __rdpkru();
-}
-
-int main(void)
-{
-	int nr_iterations = 22;
-
-	setup_handlers();
-
-	printf("has pku: %d\n", cpu_has_pku());
-
-	if (!cpu_has_pku()) {
-		int size = PAGE_SIZE;
-		int *ptr;
-
-		printf("running PKEY tests for unsupported CPU/OS\n");
-
-		ptr  = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
-		assert(ptr != (void *)-1);
-		test_mprotect_pkey_on_unsupported_cpu(ptr, 1);
-		exit(0);
-	}
-
-	pkey_setup_shadow();
-	printf("startup pkru: %x\n", rdpkru());
-	setup_hugetlbfs();
-
-	while (nr_iterations-- > 0)
-		run_tests_once();