From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 19854C6FA99 for ; Tue, 7 Mar 2023 21:32:36 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S229590AbjCGVcf (ORCPT ); Tue, 7 Mar 2023 16:32:35 -0500 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:40062 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S229548AbjCGVc3 (ORCPT ); Tue, 7 Mar 2023 16:32:29 -0500 Received: from dfw.source.kernel.org (dfw.source.kernel.org [IPv6:2604:1380:4641:c500::1]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 9803CA403C for ; Tue, 7 Mar 2023 13:32:10 -0800 (PST) Received: from smtp.kernel.org (relay.kernel.org [52.25.139.140]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by dfw.source.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 1D90C61263 for ; Tue, 7 Mar 2023 21:32:10 +0000 (UTC) Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 70077C433EF; Tue, 7 Mar 2023 21:32:09 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=linux-foundation.org; s=korg; t=1678224729; bh=6HyGmUmM2TiLdwTD8iT2/HwyZWgyP8BKFvkLQeX6uOI=; h=Date:To:From:Subject:From; b=VetzyEX+EPGq7hx9Mn1+qNh4w9uQbTA/JTSv3+Yc9jP2Fo1pZd9SjTJPx7gyLwtSP YTeyGn83/h+cdAwcvBbxDS0cwhEWA8og6BvFHHfdyHV1Yingu0lMzr9Y55qzWXiBDz /IQzEls6JsgH1SgEhCbDkacRCspgfUcKyFjqRtpo= Date: Tue, 07 Mar 2023 13:32:08 -0800 To: mm-commits@vger.kernel.org, xmu@redhiat.com, viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk, soheil@google.com, jacob.e.keller@intel.com, ebiggers@kernel.org, cmaiolino@redhat.com, brauner@kernel.org, axboe@kernel.dk, pabeni@redhat.com, akpm@linux-foundation.org From: Andrew Morton Subject: + epoll-use-refcount-to-reduce-ep_mutex-contention.patch added to mm-nonmm-unstable branch Message-Id: <20230307213209.70077C433EF@smtp.kernel.org> Precedence: bulk Reply-To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-ID: X-Mailing-List: mm-commits@vger.kernel.org The patch titled Subject: epoll: use refcount to reduce ep_mutex contention has been added to the -mm mm-nonmm-unstable branch. Its filename is epoll-use-refcount-to-reduce-ep_mutex-contention.patch This patch will shortly appear at https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/25-new.git/tree/patches/epoll-use-refcount-to-reduce-ep_mutex-contention.patch This patch will later appear in the mm-nonmm-unstable branch at git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Before you just go and hit "reply", please: a) Consider who else should be cc'ed b) Prefer to cc a suitable mailing list as well c) Ideally: find the original patch on the mailing list and do a reply-to-all to that, adding suitable additional cc's *** Remember to use Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst when testing your code *** The -mm tree is included into linux-next via the mm-everything branch at git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm and is updated there every 2-3 working days ------------------------------------------------------ From: Paolo Abeni Subject: epoll: use refcount to reduce ep_mutex contention Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2023 19:46:37 +0100 We are observing huge contention on the epmutex during an http connection/rate test: 83.17% 0.25% nginx [kernel.kallsyms] [k] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe [...] |--66.96%--__fput |--60.04%--eventpoll_release_file |--58.41%--__mutex_lock.isra.6 |--56.56%--osq_lock The application is multi-threaded, creates a new epoll entry for each incoming connection, and does not delete it before the connection shutdown - that is, before the connection's fd close(). Many different threads compete frequently for the epmutex lock, affecting the overall performance. To reduce the contention this patch introduces explicit reference counting for the eventpoll struct. Each registered event acquires a reference, and references are released at ep_remove() time. Additionally, this introduces a new 'dying' flag to prevent races between the EP file close() and the monitored file close(). ep_eventpoll_release() marks, under f_lock spinlock, each epitem as before removing it, while EP file close() does not touch dying epitems. The eventpoll struct is released by whoever - among EP file close() and and the monitored file close() drops its last reference. With all the above in place, we can drop the epmutex usage at disposal time. Overall this produces a significant performance improvement in the mentioned connection/rate scenario: the mutex operations disappear from the topmost offenders in the perf report, and the measured connections/rate grows by ~60%. To make the change more readable this additionally renames ep_free() to ep_clear_and_put(), and moves the actual memory cleanup in a separate ep_free() helper. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/e8228f0048977456466bc33b42600e929fedd319.1678213651.git.pabeni@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni Tested-by: Xiumei Mu Reviewed-by: Jacob Keller Acked-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh Cc: Al Viro Cc: Carlos Maiolino Cc: Christian Brauner Cc: Eric Biggers Cc: Jens Axboe Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton --- fs/eventpoll.c | 185 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 116 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-) --- a/fs/eventpoll.c~epoll-use-refcount-to-reduce-ep_mutex-contention +++ a/fs/eventpoll.c @@ -57,13 +57,7 @@ * we need a lock that will allow us to sleep. This lock is a * mutex (ep->mtx). It is acquired during the event transfer loop, * during epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_DEL) and during eventpoll_release_file(). - * Then we also need a global mutex to serialize eventpoll_release_file() - * and ep_free(). - * This mutex is acquired by ep_free() during the epoll file - * cleanup path and it is also acquired by eventpoll_release_file() - * if a file has been pushed inside an epoll set and it is then - * close()d without a previous call to epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_DEL). - * It is also acquired when inserting an epoll fd onto another epoll + * The epmutex is acquired when inserting an epoll fd onto another epoll * fd. We do this so that we walk the epoll tree and ensure that this * insertion does not create a cycle of epoll file descriptors, which * could lead to deadlock. We need a global mutex to prevent two @@ -153,6 +147,13 @@ struct epitem { /* The file descriptor information this item refers to */ struct epoll_filefd ffd; + /* + * Protected by file->f_lock, true for to-be-released epitem already + * removed from the "struct file" items list; together with + * eventpoll->refcount orchestrates "struct eventpoll" disposal + */ + bool dying; + /* List containing poll wait queues */ struct eppoll_entry *pwqlist; @@ -217,6 +218,12 @@ struct eventpoll { u64 gen; struct hlist_head refs; + /* + * usage count, used together with epitem->dying to + * orchestrate the disposal of this struct + */ + refcount_t refcount; + #ifdef CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL /* used to track busy poll napi_id */ unsigned int napi_id; @@ -240,9 +247,7 @@ struct ep_pqueue { /* Maximum number of epoll watched descriptors, per user */ static long max_user_watches __read_mostly; -/* - * This mutex is used to serialize ep_free() and eventpoll_release_file(). - */ +/* Used for cycles detection */ static DEFINE_MUTEX(epmutex); static u64 loop_check_gen = 0; @@ -557,8 +562,7 @@ static void ep_remove_wait_queue(struct /* * This function unregisters poll callbacks from the associated file - * descriptor. Must be called with "mtx" held (or "epmutex" if called from - * ep_free). + * descriptor. Must be called with "mtx" held. */ static void ep_unregister_pollwait(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi) { @@ -681,11 +685,38 @@ static void epi_rcu_free(struct rcu_head kmem_cache_free(epi_cache, epi); } +static void ep_get(struct eventpoll *ep) +{ + refcount_inc(&ep->refcount); +} + +/* + * Returns true if the event poll can be disposed + */ +static bool ep_refcount_dec_and_test(struct eventpoll *ep) +{ + if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&ep->refcount)) + return false; + + WARN_ON_ONCE(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&ep->rbr.rb_root)); + return true; +} + +static void ep_free(struct eventpoll *ep) +{ + mutex_destroy(&ep->mtx); + free_uid(ep->user); + wakeup_source_unregister(ep->ws); + kfree(ep); +} + /* * Removes a "struct epitem" from the eventpoll RB tree and deallocates * all the associated resources. Must be called with "mtx" held. + * If the dying flag is set, do the removal only if force is true. + * Returns true if the eventpoll can be disposed. */ -static int ep_remove(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi) +static bool __ep_remove(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi, bool force) { struct file *file = epi->ffd.file; struct epitems_head *to_free; @@ -700,6 +731,11 @@ static int ep_remove(struct eventpoll *e /* Remove the current item from the list of epoll hooks */ spin_lock(&file->f_lock); + if (epi->dying && !force) { + spin_unlock(&file->f_lock); + return false; + } + to_free = NULL; head = file->f_ep; if (head->first == &epi->fllink && !epi->fllink.next) { @@ -733,28 +769,28 @@ static int ep_remove(struct eventpoll *e call_rcu(&epi->rcu, epi_rcu_free); percpu_counter_dec(&ep->user->epoll_watches); + return ep_refcount_dec_and_test(ep); +} - return 0; +/* + * ep_remove variant for callers owing an additional reference to the ep + */ +static void ep_remove_safe(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi) +{ + WARN_ON_ONCE(__ep_remove(ep, epi, false)); } -static void ep_free(struct eventpoll *ep) +static void ep_clear_and_put(struct eventpoll *ep) { struct rb_node *rbp; struct epitem *epi; + bool dispose; /* We need to release all tasks waiting for these file */ if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait)) ep_poll_safewake(ep, NULL, 0); - /* - * We need to lock this because we could be hit by - * eventpoll_release_file() while we're freeing the "struct eventpoll". - * We do not need to hold "ep->mtx" here because the epoll file - * is on the way to be removed and no one has references to it - * anymore. The only hit might come from eventpoll_release_file() but - * holding "epmutex" is sufficient here. - */ - mutex_lock(&epmutex); + mutex_lock(&ep->mtx); /* * Walks through the whole tree by unregistering poll callbacks. @@ -768,25 +804,21 @@ static void ep_free(struct eventpoll *ep /* * Walks through the whole tree by freeing each "struct epitem". At this - * point we are sure no poll callbacks will be lingering around, and also by - * holding "epmutex" we can be sure that no file cleanup code will hit - * us during this operation. So we can avoid the lock on "ep->lock". - * We do not need to lock ep->mtx, either, we only do it to prevent - * a lockdep warning. + * point we are sure no poll callbacks will be lingering around. + * Since we still own a reference to the eventpoll struct, the loop can't + * dispose it. */ - mutex_lock(&ep->mtx); while ((rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr)) != NULL) { epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn); - ep_remove(ep, epi); + ep_remove_safe(ep, epi); cond_resched(); } + + dispose = ep_refcount_dec_and_test(ep); mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx); - mutex_unlock(&epmutex); - mutex_destroy(&ep->mtx); - free_uid(ep->user); - wakeup_source_unregister(ep->ws); - kfree(ep); + if (dispose) + ep_free(ep); } static int ep_eventpoll_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) @@ -794,7 +826,7 @@ static int ep_eventpoll_release(struct i struct eventpoll *ep = file->private_data; if (ep) - ep_free(ep); + ep_clear_and_put(ep); return 0; } @@ -906,33 +938,35 @@ void eventpoll_release_file(struct file { struct eventpoll *ep; struct epitem *epi; - struct hlist_node *next; + bool dispose; /* - * We don't want to get "file->f_lock" because it is not - * necessary. It is not necessary because we're in the "struct file" - * cleanup path, and this means that no one is using this file anymore. - * So, for example, epoll_ctl() cannot hit here since if we reach this - * point, the file counter already went to zero and fget() would fail. - * The only hit might come from ep_free() but by holding the mutex - * will correctly serialize the operation. We do need to acquire - * "ep->mtx" after "epmutex" because ep_remove() requires it when called - * from anywhere but ep_free(). - * - * Besides, ep_remove() acquires the lock, so we can't hold it here. + * Use the 'dying' flag to prevent a concurrent ep_cleat_and_put() from + * touching the epitems list before eventpoll_release_file() can access + * the ep->mtx. */ - mutex_lock(&epmutex); - if (unlikely(!file->f_ep)) { - mutex_unlock(&epmutex); - return; - } - hlist_for_each_entry_safe(epi, next, file->f_ep, fllink) { +again: + spin_lock(&file->f_lock); + if (file->f_ep && file->f_ep->first) { + /* detach from ep tree */ + epi = hlist_entry(file->f_ep->first, struct epitem, fllink); + epi->dying = true; + spin_unlock(&file->f_lock); + + /* + * ep access is safe as we still own a reference to the ep + * struct + */ ep = epi->ep; - mutex_lock_nested(&ep->mtx, 0); - ep_remove(ep, epi); + mutex_lock(&ep->mtx); + dispose = __ep_remove(ep, epi, true); mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx); + + if (dispose) + ep_free(ep); + goto again; } - mutex_unlock(&epmutex); + spin_unlock(&file->f_lock); } static int ep_alloc(struct eventpoll **pep) @@ -955,6 +989,7 @@ static int ep_alloc(struct eventpoll **p ep->rbr = RB_ROOT_CACHED; ep->ovflist = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR; ep->user = user; + refcount_set(&ep->refcount, 1); *pep = ep; @@ -1223,10 +1258,10 @@ out_unlock: */ list_del_init(&wait->entry); /* - * ->whead != NULL protects us from the race with ep_free() - * or ep_remove(), ep_remove_wait_queue() takes whead->lock - * held by the caller. Once we nullify it, nothing protects - * ep/epi or even wait. + * ->whead != NULL protects us from the race with + * ep_clear_and_put() or ep_remove(), ep_remove_wait_queue() + * takes whead->lock held by the caller. Once we nullify it, + * nothing protects ep/epi or even wait. */ smp_store_release(&ep_pwq_from_wait(wait)->whead, NULL); } @@ -1496,16 +1531,22 @@ static int ep_insert(struct eventpoll *e if (tep) mutex_unlock(&tep->mtx); + /* + * ep_remove_safe() calls in the later error paths can't lead to + * ep_free() as the ep file itself still holds an ep reference. + */ + ep_get(ep); + /* now check if we've created too many backpaths */ if (unlikely(full_check && reverse_path_check())) { - ep_remove(ep, epi); + ep_remove_safe(ep, epi); return -EINVAL; } if (epi->event.events & EPOLLWAKEUP) { error = ep_create_wakeup_source(epi); if (error) { - ep_remove(ep, epi); + ep_remove_safe(ep, epi); return error; } } @@ -1529,7 +1570,7 @@ static int ep_insert(struct eventpoll *e * high memory pressure. */ if (unlikely(!epq.epi)) { - ep_remove(ep, epi); + ep_remove_safe(ep, epi); return -ENOMEM; } @@ -2025,7 +2066,7 @@ static int do_epoll_create(int flags) out_free_fd: put_unused_fd(fd); out_free_ep: - ep_free(ep); + ep_clear_and_put(ep); return error; } @@ -2167,10 +2208,16 @@ int do_epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int f error = -EEXIST; break; case EPOLL_CTL_DEL: - if (epi) - error = ep_remove(ep, epi); - else + if (epi) { + /* + * The eventpoll itself is still alive: the refcount + * can't go to zero here. + */ + ep_remove_safe(ep, epi); + error = 0; + } else { error = -ENOENT; + } break; case EPOLL_CTL_MOD: if (epi) { _ Patches currently in -mm which might be from pabeni@redhat.com are epoll-use-refcount-to-reduce-ep_mutex-contention.patch