[PATCH bpf-next v8 8/9] bpf: add sockopt documentation

[Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>]

Provide user documentation about sockopt prog type and cgroup hooks.

v7:
* add description for retval=0 and optlen=-1

v6:
* describe cgroup chaining, add example

v2:
* use return code 2 for kernel bypass

Cc: Martin Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
---
 Documentation/bpf/index.rst               |  1 +
 Documentation/bpf/prog_cgroup_sockopt.rst | 82 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 83 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/bpf/prog_cgroup_sockopt.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/bpf/index.rst b/Documentation/bpf/index.rst
index d3fe4cac0c90..801a6ed3f2e5 100644
--- a/Documentation/bpf/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/bpf/index.rst
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ Program types
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
 
+   prog_cgroup_sockopt
    prog_cgroup_sysctl
    prog_flow_dissector
 
diff --git a/Documentation/bpf/prog_cgroup_sockopt.rst b/Documentation/bpf/prog_cgroup_sockopt.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..24985740711a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/bpf/prog_cgroup_sockopt.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+============================
+BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT
+============================
+
+``BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT`` program type can be attached to two
+cgroup hooks:
+
+* ``BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT`` - called every time process executes ``getsockopt``
+  system call.
+* ``BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT`` - called every time process executes ``setsockopt``
+  system call.
+
+The context (``struct bpf_sockopt``) has associated socket (``sk``) and
+all input arguments: ``level``, ``optname``, ``optval`` and ``optlen``.
+
+BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT
+=====================
+
+``BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT`` is triggered *before* the kernel handling of
+sockopt and it has mostly read-only context (it can modify only ``optlen``).
+This hook has access to cgroup and socket local storage.
+
+If BPF program sets ``optlen`` to -1, the control will be returned
+back to the userspace after all other BPF programs in the cgroup
+chain finish (i.e. kernel ``setsockopt`` handling will *not* be executed).
+
+Note, that the only acceptable value to set to ``optlen`` is -1. Any
+other value will trigger ``EFAULT``.
+
+Return Type
+-----------
+
+* ``0`` - reject the syscall, ``EPERM`` will be returned to the userspace.
+* ``1`` - success, continue with next BPF program in the cgroup chain.
+
+BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT
+=====================
+
+``BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT`` is triggered *after* the kernel handing of
+sockopt. The BPF hook can observe ``optval``, ``optlen`` and ``retval``
+if it's interested in whatever kernel has returned. BPF hook can override
+the values above, adjust ``optlen`` and reset ``retval`` to 0. If ``optlen``
+has been increased above initial ``setsockopt`` value (i.e. userspace
+buffer is too small), ``EFAULT`` is returned.
+
+Note, that the only acceptable value to set to ``retval`` is 0 and the
+original value that the kernel returned. Any other value will trigger
+``EFAULT``.
+
+Return Type
+-----------
+
+* ``0`` - reject the syscall, ``EPERM`` will be returned to the userspace.
+* ``1`` - success: copy ``optval`` and ``optlen`` to userspace, return
+  ``retval`` from the syscall (note that this can be overwritten by
+  the BPF program from the parent cgroup).
+
+Cgroup Inheritance
+==================
+
+Suppose, there is the following cgroup hierarchy where each cgroup
+has ``BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT`` attached at each level with
+``BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI`` flag::
+
+  A (root, parent)
+   \
+    B (child)
+
+When the application calls ``getsockopt`` syscall from the cgroup B,
+the programs are executed from the bottom up: B, A. First program
+(B) sees the result of kernel's ``getsockopt``. It can optionally
+adjust ``optval``, ``optlen`` and reset ``retval`` to 0. After that
+control will be passed to the second (A) program which will see the
+same context as B including any potential modifications.
+
+Example
+=======
+
+See ``tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/sockopt_sk.c`` for an example
+of BPF program that handles socket options.
-- 
2.22.0.410.gd8fdbe21b5-goog