Re: [PATCH v10 01/17] iova: Export alloc_iova_fast() and free_iova_fast()

[Yongji Xie <xieyongji@bytedance.com>]

On Wed, Aug 4, 2021 at 11:43 PM Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> wrote:
>
> On 2021-08-04 06:02, Yongji Xie wrote:
> > On Tue, Aug 3, 2021 at 6:54 PM Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> On 2021-08-03 09:54, Yongji Xie wrote:
> >>> On Tue, Aug 3, 2021 at 3:41 PM Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> 在 2021/7/29 下午3:34, Xie Yongji 写道:
> >>>>> Export alloc_iova_fast() and free_iova_fast() so that
> >>>>> some modules can use it to improve iova allocation efficiency.
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> It's better to explain why alloc_iova() is not sufficient here.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>> Fine.
> >>
> >> What I fail to understand from the later patches is what the IOVA domain
> >> actually represents. If the "device" is a userspace process then
> >> logically the "IOVA" would be the userspace address, so presumably
> >> somewhere you're having to translate between this arbitrary address
> >> space and actual usable addresses - if you're worried about efficiency
> >> surely it would be even better to not do that?
> >>
> >
> > Yes, userspace daemon needs to translate the "IOVA" in a DMA
> > descriptor to the VA (from mmap(2)). But this actually doesn't affect
> > performance since it's an identical mapping in most cases.
>
> I'm not familiar with the vhost_iotlb stuff, but it looks suspiciously
> like you're walking yet another tree to make those translations. Even if
> the buffer can be mapped all at once with a fixed offset such that each
> DMA mapping call doesn't need a lookup for each individual "IOVA" - that
> might be what's happening already, but it's a bit hard to follow just
> reading the patches in my mail client - vhost_iotlb_add_range() doesn't
> look like it's super-cheap to call, and you're serialising on a lock for
> that.
>

Yes, that's true. Since the software IOTLB is not used in the VM case,
we need a unified way (vhost_iotlb) to manage the IOVA mapping for
both VM and Container cases.

> My main point, though, is that if you've already got something else
> keeping track of the actual addresses, then the way you're using an
> iova_domain appears to be something you could do with a trivial bitmap
> allocator. That's why I don't buy the efficiency argument. The main
> design points of the IOVA allocator are to manage large address spaces
> while trying to maximise spatial locality to minimise the underlying
> pagetable usage, and allocating with a flexible limit to support
> multiple devices with different addressing capabilities in the same
> address space. If none of those aspects are relevant to the use-case -
> which AFAICS appears to be true here - then as a general-purpose
> resource allocator it's rubbish and has an unreasonably massive memory
> overhead and there are many, many better choices.
>

OK, I get your point. Actually we used the genpool allocator in the
early version. Maybe we can fall back to using it.

> FWIW I've recently started thinking about moving all the caching stuff
> out of iova_domain and into the iommu-dma layer since it's now a giant
> waste of space for all the other current IOVA users.
>
> >> Presumably userspace doesn't have any concern about alignment and the
> >> things we have to worry about for the DMA API in general, so it's pretty
> >> much just allocating slots in a buffer, and there are far more effective
> >> ways to do that than a full-blown address space manager.
> >
> > Considering iova allocation efficiency, I think the iova allocator is
> > better here. In most cases, we don't even need to hold a spin lock
> > during iova allocation.
> >
> >> If you're going
> >> to reuse any infrastructure I'd have expected it to be SWIOTLB rather
> >> than the IOVA allocator. Because, y'know, you're *literally implementing
> >> a software I/O TLB* ;)
> >>
> >
> > But actually what we can reuse in SWIOTLB is the IOVA allocator.
>
> Huh? Those are completely unrelated and orthogonal things - SWIOTLB does
> not use an external allocator (see find_slots()). By SWIOTLB I mean
> specifically the library itself, not dma-direct or any of the other
> users built around it. The functionality for managing slots in a buffer
> and bouncing data in and out can absolutely be reused - that's why users
> like the Xen and iommu-dma code *are* reusing it instead of open-coding
> their own versions.
>

I see. Actually the slots management in SWIOTLB is what I mean by IOVA
allocator.

> > And
> > the IOVA management in SWIOTLB is not what we want. For example,
> > SWIOTLB allocates and uses contiguous memory for bouncing, which is
> > not necessary in VDUSE case.
>
> alloc_iova() allocates a contiguous (in IOVA address) region of space.
> In vduse_domain_map_page() you use it to allocate a contiguous region of
> space from your bounce buffer. Can you clarify how that is fundamentally
> different from allocating a contiguous region of space from a bounce
> buffer? Nobody's saying the underlying implementation details of where
> the buffer itself comes from can't be tweaked.
>

I mean physically contiguous memory here. We can currently allocate
the bounce pages one by one rather than allocating a bunch of
physically contiguous memory at once which is not friendly to a
userspace device.

> > And VDUSE needs coherent mapping which is
> > not supported by the SWIOTLB. Besides, the SWIOTLB works in singleton
> > mode (designed for platform IOMMU) , but VDUSE is based on on-chip
> > IOMMU (supports multiple instances).
> That's not entirely true - the IOMMU bounce buffering scheme introduced
> in intel-iommu and now moved into the iommu-dma layer was already a step
> towards something conceptually similar. It does still rely on stealing
> the underlying pages from the global SWIOTLB pool at the moment, but the
> bouncing is effectively done in a per-IOMMU-domain context.
>
> The next step is currently queued in linux-next, wherein we can now have
> individual per-device SWIOTLB pools. In fact at that point I think you
> might actually be able to do your thing without implementing any special
> DMA ops at all - you'd need to set up a pool for your "device" with
> force_bounce set, then when you mmap() that to userspace, set up
> dev->dma_range_map to describe an offset from the physical address of
> the buffer to the userspace address, and I think dma-direct would be
> tricked into doing the right thing. It's a bit wacky, but it could stand
> to save a hell of a lot of bother.
>

Cool! I missed this work, sorry. But it looks like its current version
can't meet our needs (e.g. avoid using physically contiguous memory).
So I'd like to consider it as a follow-up optimization and use a
general IOVA allocator in this initial version. The IOVA allocator
would be still needed for coherent mapping
(vduse_domain_alloc_coherent() and vduse_domain_free_coherent()) after
we reuse the SWIOTLB.

> Finally, enhancing SWIOTLB to cope with virtually-mapped buffers that
> don't have to be physically contiguous is a future improvement which I
> think could benefit various use-cases - indeed it's possibly already on
> the table for IOMMU bounce pages - so would probably be welcome in general.
>

Yes, it's indeed needed by VDUSE. But I'm not sure if it would be
needed by other drivers. Looks like we need swiotlb_tbl_map_single()
to return a virtual address and introduce some way to let the caller
do some translation between VA to PA.

Thanks,
Yongji