All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com>
To: cip-dev@lists.cip-project.org,
	Nobuhiro Iwamatsu <nobuhiro1.iwamatsu@toshiba.co.jp>,
	Pavel Machek <pavel@denx.de>
Cc: Biju Das <biju.das.jz@bp.renesas.com>
Subject: [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 05/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Add SSI DMAC support
Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 22:34:05 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20220420213424.27837-6-prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20220420213424.27837-1-prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com>

From: Biju Das <biju.das.jz@bp.renesas.com>

commit 26ac471c5354583cf4fe0e42537a2c6b84d6d74e upstream.

Add SSI DMAC support to RZ/G2L SoC.

Signed-off-by: Biju Das <biju.das.jz@bp.renesas.com>
Reviewed-by: Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210813091156.10700-4-biju.das.jz@bp.renesas.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com>
---
 sound/soc/sh/rz-ssi.c | 256 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 224 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sound/soc/sh/rz-ssi.c b/sound/soc/sh/rz-ssi.c
index 7e0d3a4485e3..4e702b7d5b49 100644
--- a/sound/soc/sh/rz-ssi.c
+++ b/sound/soc/sh/rz-ssi.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //
 
 #include <linux/clk.h>
+#include <linux/dmaengine.h>
 #include <linux/io.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/of_device.h>
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ struct rz_ssi_stream {
 	struct rz_ssi_priv *priv;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
 	int fifo_sample_size;	/* sample capacity of SSI FIFO */
+	int dma_buffer_pos;	/* The address for the next DMA descriptor */
 	int period_counter;	/* for keeping track of periods transferred */
 	int sample_width;
 	int buffer_pos;		/* current frame position in the buffer */
@@ -94,6 +96,8 @@ struct rz_ssi_stream {
 	int uerr_num;
 	int oerr_num;
 
+	struct dma_chan *dma_ch;
+
 	int (*transfer)(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi, struct rz_ssi_stream *strm);
 };
 
@@ -105,6 +109,7 @@ struct rz_ssi_priv {
 	struct clk *sfr_clk;
 	struct clk *clk;
 
+	phys_addr_t phys;
 	int irq_int;
 	int irq_tx;
 	int irq_rx;
@@ -128,8 +133,11 @@ struct rz_ssi_priv {
 
 	bool lrckp_fsync_fall;	/* LR clock polarity (SSICR.LRCKP) */
 	bool bckp_rise;	/* Bit clock polarity (SSICR.BCKP) */
+	bool dma_rt;
 };
 
+static void rz_ssi_dma_complete(void *data);
+
 static void rz_ssi_reg_writel(struct rz_ssi_priv *priv, uint reg, u32 data)
 {
 	writel(data, (priv->base + reg));
@@ -175,6 +183,11 @@ rz_ssi_stream_get(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi, struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	return stream;
 }
 
+static inline bool rz_ssi_is_dma_enabled(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi)
+{
+	return (ssi->playback.dma_ch || ssi->capture.dma_ch);
+}
+
 static int rz_ssi_stream_is_valid(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi,
 				  struct rz_ssi_stream *strm)
 {
@@ -196,6 +209,7 @@ static int rz_ssi_stream_init(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi,
 
 	strm->substream = substream;
 	strm->sample_width = samples_to_bytes(runtime, 1);
+	strm->dma_buffer_pos = 0;
 	strm->period_counter = 0;
 	strm->buffer_pos = 0;
 
@@ -297,9 +311,12 @@ static int rz_ssi_start(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi, struct rz_ssi_stream *strm)
 	ssifcr = rz_ssi_reg_readl(ssi, SSIFCR) & ~0xF;
 
 	/* FIFO interrupt thresholds */
-	rz_ssi_reg_writel(ssi, SSISCR,
-			  SSISCR_TDES(strm->fifo_sample_size / 2 - 1) |
-			  SSISCR_RDFS(0));
+	if (rz_ssi_is_dma_enabled(ssi))
+		rz_ssi_reg_writel(ssi, SSISCR, 0);
+	else
+		rz_ssi_reg_writel(ssi, SSISCR,
+				  SSISCR_TDES(strm->fifo_sample_size / 2 - 1) |
+				  SSISCR_RDFS(0));
 
 	/* enable IRQ */
 	if (is_play) {
@@ -334,6 +351,10 @@ static int rz_ssi_stop(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi, struct rz_ssi_stream *strm)
 	/* Disable TX/RX */
 	rz_ssi_reg_mask_setl(ssi, SSICR, SSICR_TEN | SSICR_REN, 0);
 
+	/* Cancel all remaining DMA transactions */
+	if (rz_ssi_is_dma_enabled(ssi))
+		dmaengine_terminate_async(strm->dma_ch);
+
 	/* Disable irqs */
 	rz_ssi_reg_mask_setl(ssi, SSICR, SSICR_TUIEN | SSICR_TOIEN |
 			     SSICR_RUIEN | SSICR_ROIEN, 0);
@@ -549,12 +570,143 @@ static irqreturn_t rz_ssi_interrupt(int irq, void *data)
 	return IRQ_HANDLED;
 }
 
+static int rz_ssi_dma_slave_config(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi,
+				   struct dma_chan *dma_ch, bool is_play)
+{
+	struct dma_slave_config cfg;
+
+	memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof(cfg));
+
+	cfg.direction = is_play ? DMA_MEM_TO_DEV : DMA_DEV_TO_MEM;
+	cfg.dst_addr = ssi->phys + SSIFTDR;
+	cfg.src_addr = ssi->phys + SSIFRDR;
+	cfg.src_addr_width = DMA_SLAVE_BUSWIDTH_2_BYTES;
+	cfg.dst_addr_width = DMA_SLAVE_BUSWIDTH_2_BYTES;
+
+	return dmaengine_slave_config(dma_ch, &cfg);
+}
+
+static int rz_ssi_dma_transfer(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi,
+			       struct rz_ssi_stream *strm)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = strm->substream;
+	struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *desc;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+	enum dma_transfer_direction dir;
+	u32 dma_paddr, dma_size;
+	int amount;
+
+	if (!rz_ssi_stream_is_valid(ssi, strm))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	runtime = substream->runtime;
+	if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING)
+		/*
+		 * Stream is ending, so do not queue up any more DMA
+		 * transfers otherwise we play partial sound clips
+		 * because we can't shut off the DMA quick enough.
+		 */
+		return 0;
+
+	dir = rz_ssi_stream_is_play(ssi, substream) ? DMA_MEM_TO_DEV : DMA_DEV_TO_MEM;
+
+	/* Always transfer 1 period */
+	amount = runtime->period_size;
+
+	/* DMA physical address and size */
+	dma_paddr = runtime->dma_addr + frames_to_bytes(runtime,
+							strm->dma_buffer_pos);
+	dma_size = frames_to_bytes(runtime, amount);
+	desc = dmaengine_prep_slave_single(strm->dma_ch, dma_paddr, dma_size,
+					   dir,
+					   DMA_PREP_INTERRUPT | DMA_CTRL_ACK);
+	if (!desc) {
+		dev_err(ssi->dev, "dmaengine_prep_slave_single() fail\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	desc->callback = rz_ssi_dma_complete;
+	desc->callback_param = strm;
+
+	if (dmaengine_submit(desc) < 0) {
+		dev_err(ssi->dev, "dmaengine_submit() fail\n");
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	/* Update DMA pointer */
+	strm->dma_buffer_pos += amount;
+	if (strm->dma_buffer_pos >= runtime->buffer_size)
+		strm->dma_buffer_pos = 0;
+
+	/* Start DMA */
+	dma_async_issue_pending(strm->dma_ch);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void rz_ssi_dma_complete(void *data)
+{
+	struct rz_ssi_stream *strm = (struct rz_ssi_stream *)data;
+
+	if (!strm->running || !strm->substream || !strm->substream->runtime)
+		return;
+
+	/* Note that next DMA transaction has probably already started */
+	rz_ssi_pointer_update(strm, strm->substream->runtime->period_size);
+
+	/* Queue up another DMA transaction */
+	rz_ssi_dma_transfer(strm->priv, strm);
+}
+
+static void rz_ssi_release_dma_channels(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi)
+{
+	if (ssi->playback.dma_ch) {
+		dma_release_channel(ssi->playback.dma_ch);
+		ssi->playback.dma_ch = NULL;
+		if (ssi->dma_rt)
+			ssi->dma_rt = false;
+	}
+
+	if (ssi->capture.dma_ch) {
+		dma_release_channel(ssi->capture.dma_ch);
+		ssi->capture.dma_ch = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int rz_ssi_dma_request(struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi, struct device *dev)
+{
+	ssi->playback.dma_ch = dma_request_chan(dev, "tx");
+	ssi->capture.dma_ch = dma_request_chan(dev, "rx");
+	if (!ssi->playback.dma_ch && !ssi->capture.dma_ch) {
+		ssi->playback.dma_ch = dma_request_chan(dev, "rt");
+		if (!ssi->playback.dma_ch)
+			goto no_dma;
+
+		ssi->dma_rt = true;
+	}
+
+	if (ssi->playback.dma_ch &&
+	    (rz_ssi_dma_slave_config(ssi, ssi->playback.dma_ch, true) < 0))
+		goto no_dma;
+
+	if (ssi->capture.dma_ch &&
+	    (rz_ssi_dma_slave_config(ssi, ssi->capture.dma_ch, false) < 0))
+		goto no_dma;
+
+	return 0;
+
+no_dma:
+	rz_ssi_release_dma_channels(ssi);
+
+	return -ENODEV;
+}
+
 static int rz_ssi_dai_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd,
 			      struct snd_soc_dai *dai)
 {
 	struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi = snd_soc_dai_get_drvdata(dai);
 	struct rz_ssi_stream *strm = rz_ssi_stream_get(ssi, substream);
-	int ret = 0;
+	int ret = 0, i, num_transfer = 1;
 
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
@@ -567,9 +719,29 @@ static int rz_ssi_dai_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd,
 		if (ret)
 			goto done;
 
-		ret = strm->transfer(ssi, strm);
-		if (ret)
-			goto done;
+		if (ssi->dma_rt) {
+			bool is_playback;
+
+			is_playback = rz_ssi_stream_is_play(ssi, substream);
+			ret = rz_ssi_dma_slave_config(ssi, ssi->playback.dma_ch,
+						      is_playback);
+			/* Fallback to pio */
+			if (ret < 0) {
+				ssi->playback.transfer = rz_ssi_pio_send;
+				ssi->capture.transfer = rz_ssi_pio_recv;
+				rz_ssi_release_dma_channels(ssi);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* For DMA, queue up multiple DMA descriptors */
+		if (rz_ssi_is_dma_enabled(ssi))
+			num_transfer = 4;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < num_transfer; i++) {
+			ret = strm->transfer(ssi, strm);
+			if (ret)
+				goto done;
+		}
 
 		ret = rz_ssi_start(ssi, strm);
 		break;
@@ -737,6 +909,7 @@ static int rz_ssi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 {
 	struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi;
 	struct clk *audio_clk;
+	struct resource *res;
 	int ret;
 
 	ssi = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*ssi), GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -745,10 +918,11 @@ static int rz_ssi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 
 	ssi->pdev = pdev;
 	ssi->dev = &pdev->dev;
-	ssi->base = devm_platform_ioremap_resource(pdev, 0);
+	ssi->base = devm_platform_get_and_ioremap_resource(pdev, 0, &res);
 	if (IS_ERR(ssi->base))
 		return PTR_ERR(ssi->base);
 
+	ssi->phys = res->start;
 	ssi->clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "ssi");
 	if (IS_ERR(ssi->clk))
 		return PTR_ERR(ssi->clk);
@@ -775,8 +949,18 @@ static int rz_ssi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 
 	ssi->audio_mck = ssi->audio_clk_1 ? ssi->audio_clk_1 : ssi->audio_clk_2;
 
-	ssi->playback.transfer = rz_ssi_pio_send;
-	ssi->capture.transfer = rz_ssi_pio_recv;
+	/* Detect DMA support */
+	ret = rz_ssi_dma_request(ssi, &pdev->dev);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "DMA not available, using PIO\n");
+		ssi->playback.transfer = rz_ssi_pio_send;
+		ssi->capture.transfer = rz_ssi_pio_recv;
+	} else {
+		dev_info(&pdev->dev, "DMA enabled");
+		ssi->playback.transfer = rz_ssi_dma_transfer;
+		ssi->capture.transfer = rz_ssi_dma_transfer;
+	}
+
 	ssi->playback.priv = ssi;
 	ssi->capture.priv = ssi;
 
@@ -792,28 +976,32 @@ static int rz_ssi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 		return dev_err_probe(&pdev->dev, ret,
 				     "irq request error (int_req)\n");
 
-	/* Tx and Rx interrupts (pio only) */
-	ssi->irq_tx = platform_get_irq_byname(pdev, "dma_tx");
-	if (ssi->irq_tx < 0)
-		return dev_err_probe(&pdev->dev, -ENODEV,
-				     "Unable to get SSI dma_tx IRQ\n");
-
-	ret = devm_request_irq(&pdev->dev, ssi->irq_tx, &rz_ssi_interrupt, 0,
-			       dev_name(&pdev->dev), ssi);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		return dev_err_probe(&pdev->dev, ret,
-				     "irq request error (dma_tx)\n");
-
-	ssi->irq_rx = platform_get_irq_byname(pdev, "dma_rx");
-	if (ssi->irq_rx < 0)
-		return dev_err_probe(&pdev->dev, -ENODEV,
-				     "Unable to get SSI dma_rx IRQ\n");
-
-	ret = devm_request_irq(&pdev->dev, ssi->irq_rx, &rz_ssi_interrupt, 0,
-			       dev_name(&pdev->dev), ssi);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		return dev_err_probe(&pdev->dev, ret,
-				     "irq request error (dma_rx)\n");
+	if (!rz_ssi_is_dma_enabled(ssi)) {
+		/* Tx and Rx interrupts (pio only) */
+		ssi->irq_tx = platform_get_irq_byname(pdev, "dma_tx");
+		if (ssi->irq_tx < 0)
+			return dev_err_probe(&pdev->dev, -ENODEV,
+					     "Unable to get SSI dma_tx IRQ\n");
+
+		ret = devm_request_irq(&pdev->dev, ssi->irq_tx,
+				       &rz_ssi_interrupt, 0,
+				       dev_name(&pdev->dev), ssi);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return dev_err_probe(&pdev->dev, ret,
+					     "irq request error (dma_tx)\n");
+
+		ssi->irq_rx = platform_get_irq_byname(pdev, "dma_rx");
+		if (ssi->irq_rx < 0)
+			return dev_err_probe(&pdev->dev, -ENODEV,
+					     "Unable to get SSI dma_rx IRQ\n");
+
+		ret = devm_request_irq(&pdev->dev, ssi->irq_rx,
+				       &rz_ssi_interrupt, 0,
+				       dev_name(&pdev->dev), ssi);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return dev_err_probe(&pdev->dev, ret,
+					     "irq request error (dma_rx)\n");
+	}
 
 	ssi->rstc = devm_reset_control_get_exclusive(&pdev->dev, NULL);
 	if (IS_ERR(ssi->rstc))
@@ -829,6 +1017,8 @@ static int rz_ssi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 					      rz_ssi_soc_dai,
 					      ARRAY_SIZE(rz_ssi_soc_dai));
 	if (ret < 0) {
+		rz_ssi_release_dma_channels(ssi);
+
 		pm_runtime_put(ssi->dev);
 		pm_runtime_disable(ssi->dev);
 		reset_control_assert(ssi->rstc);
@@ -842,6 +1032,8 @@ static int rz_ssi_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
 {
 	struct rz_ssi_priv *ssi = dev_get_drvdata(&pdev->dev);
 
+	rz_ssi_release_dma_channels(ssi);
+
 	pm_runtime_put(ssi->dev);
 	pm_runtime_disable(ssi->dev);
 	reset_control_assert(ssi->rstc);
-- 
2.17.1



  parent reply	other threads:[~2022-04-21 16:46 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 39+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2022-04-20 21:34 [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 00/24] Add sound support to Renesas RZ/G2L SoC Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 01/24] ASoC: dt-bindings: Document RZ/G2L bindings Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 02/24] ASoC: dt-bindings: sound: renesas,rz-ssi: Document DMA support Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 03/24] ASoC: dt-bindings: renesas,rz-ssi: Update slave dma channel configuration parameter Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-21  8:32   ` Pavel Machek
2022-04-21 10:55     ` Prabhakar Mahadev Lad
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 04/24] ASoC: sh: Add RZ/G2L SSIF-2 driver Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-21  1:12   ` nobuhiro1.iwamatsu
2022-04-21 10:50     ` Prabhakar Mahadev Lad
2022-04-21 11:02       ` Pavel Machek
2022-04-21 11:18         ` Prabhakar Mahadev Lad
2022-04-20 21:34 ` Lad Prabhakar [this message]
2022-04-21  8:33   ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 05/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Add SSI DMAC support Pavel Machek
2022-04-21 11:02     ` Prabhakar Mahadev Lad
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 06/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Fix dereference of noderef expression warning Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 07/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Fix wrong operator used issue Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 08/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Improve error handling in rz_ssi_dma_request function Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 09/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Check return value of pm_runtime_resume_and_get() Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 10/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Drop calling rz_ssi_pio_recv() recursively Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 11/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Make the data structures available before registering the handlers Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 12/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Drop ssi parameter from rz_ssi_stream_init() Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 13/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Make return type of rz_ssi_stream_is_valid() to bool Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 14/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Use a do-while loop in rz_ssi_pio_recv() Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 15/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Add rz_ssi_set_substream() helper function Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 16/24] ASoC: sh: rz-ssi: Remove duplicate macros Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 17/24] arm64: dts: renesas: r9a07g044: Add external audio clock nodes Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 18/24] arm64: dts: renesas: r9a07g044: Add SSI support Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 19/24] arm64: dts: renesas: r9a07g044: Add DMA support to SSI Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 20/24] arm64: dts: renesas: rzg2l-smarc: Add WM8978 sound codec Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 21/24] arm64: dts: renesas: rzg2l-smarc: Enable audio Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-21 11:15   ` Pavel Machek
2022-04-21 11:18     ` Biju Das
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 22/24] arm64: dts: renesas: rzg2l-smarc: Add Mic routing Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 23/24] arm64: defconfig: Enable SOUND_SOC_RZ Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-20 21:34 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 24/24] arm64: defconfig: Enable SND_SOC_WM8978 Lad Prabhakar
2022-04-21  3:25 ` [PATCH 5.10.y-cip 00/24] Add sound support to Renesas RZ/G2L SoC nobuhiro1.iwamatsu
2022-04-21 11:17   ` Pavel Machek
2022-04-25  5:52   ` Prabhakar Mahadev Lad
2022-04-25  7:25     ` nobuhiro1.iwamatsu

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20220420213424.27837-6-prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com \
    --to=prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com \
    --cc=biju.das.jz@bp.renesas.com \
    --cc=cip-dev@lists.cip-project.org \
    --cc=nobuhiro1.iwamatsu@toshiba.co.jp \
    --cc=pavel@denx.de \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.