[RFC PATCH 00/80] Rust PuzzleFS filesystem driver

[Ariel Miculas <amiculas@cisco.com>]

Hi all!

This is a proof of concept driver written for the PuzzleFS
next-generation container filesystem [1]. I've included a short abstract
about puzzlefs further below. This driver is based on the rust-next
branch, on top of which I've backported the filesystem abstractions from
Wedson Almeida Filho [2][3] and Miguel Ojeda's third-party crates
support: proc-macro2, quote, syn, serde and serde_derive [4]. I've added
the additional third-party crates serde_cbor[5] and hex [6]. Then I've
adapted the user space puzzlefs code [1] so that the puzzlefs kernel
module could present the directory hierarchy and implement the basic
read functionality.
For some additional context, puzzlefs was started by Tycho Andersen and
it's the successor of atomfs. This FOSDEM presentation from 2019 [12]
covers the rationale for a new oci image format and presents a higher
level overview of our goals with puzzlefs.
I've split the rest of the cover letter in following sections (using a
markdown style):
* Example: it describes a practical example of what was achieved
* Limitations: it presents the existing limitations of this POC
* Upstreaming steps: it describes the steps needed for upstreaming this
  driver
* Setup: it shows how to setup the necessary environment for testing the
  puzzlefs driver
* Puzzlefs abstract: it provides a short overview of puzzlefs

# Example
An example is provided below:

```
~ # cat /proc/filesystems | grep puzzlefs
nodev   puzzlefs
~ # mount -t puzzlefs -o oci_root_dir="/home/puzzlefs_oci" -o image_manifest="2d
6602d678140540dc7e96de652a76a8b16e8aca190bae141297bcffdcae901b" none /mnt
~ # ls -lR /mnt/
/mnt/:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jun  8 12:26 dir-1
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jun  8 12:26 dir-2
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jun  8 12:26 dir-3
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jun  8 12:26 dir-4
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0                0 Jun  8 12:26 file1
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0                0 Jun  8 12:26 file2

/mnt/dir-1:
total 0

/mnt/dir-2:
total 0

/mnt/dir-3:
total 0

/mnt/dir-4:
total 0
~ # cat /mnt/file2
ana are mere bla bla bla
~ # wc /mnt/file1
      202       202      5454 /mnt/file1
```

In this example, /home/puzzlefs_oci is the puzzlefs oci directory:
```
~ # ls -lR /home/puzzlefs_oci/
/home/puzzlefs_oci/:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x    3 1000     1000             0 Jun  8 14:33 blobs
-rw-r--r--    1 1000     1000           266 Jun  8 14:33 index.json
-rw-r--r--    1 1000     1000            37 Jun  8 14:33 oci-layout

/home/puzzlefs_oci/blobs:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x    2 1000     1000             0 Jun  8 14:33 sha256

/home/puzzlefs_oci/blobs/sha256:
total 16
-rw-------    1 1000     1000            89 Jun  8 14:33 2d6602d678140540dc7e96de652a76a8b16eb
-rw-------    1 1000     1000           925 Jun  8 14:33 4df03518eea406343dbb55046720f6a478881
-rw-------    1 1000     1000          5479 Jun  8 14:33 d86a87b19bd9a2fec0d31687c1d669cdb59eb
```

`2d6602d678140540dc7e96de652a76a8b16eb` is the puzzlefs image manifest
hash for the first_try tag:
```
$ cat /tmp/oci-simple/index.json | jq .
{
  "schemaVersion": -1,
  "manifests": [
    {
      "digest": "sha256:2d6602d678140540dc7e96de652a76a8b16e8aca190bae141297bcffdcae901b",
      "size": 89,
      "media_type": "application/vnd.puzzlefs.image.rootfs.v1",
      "annotations": {
        "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "first_try"
      }
    }
  ],
  "annotations": {}
}
```

I will describe how to build a puzzlefs image in the `Setup` section, at
step 5.

# Limitations
One limitation is that the puzzlefs driver doesn't implement any lookup
functionality and instead it inserts every directory entry into the
dcache during init (see the `DCACHE_BASED` constant). This is similar to
how the sample `rust_fs` driver works, but the goal is to implement
proper lookup functions.  However, more filesystem abstractions need to
be implemented before this can be achieved.

# Upstreaming steps
Before the puzzlefs driver can be upstreamed, the following need to be
merged:
* Wedson's filesystem abstractions [3]
* the necessary third-party crates [4] (with the preliminary discussion
about whether this is desirable)

# Setup
My setup is based on Wedson's tutorial [8]. Next, I will describe the
necessary steps to build an initrd and run a custom kernel under qemu.

1. Get the linux rust-next branch [9] and apply this patchset

2. Follow the rust quickstart guide [10]

3. configure and build the kernel
```
$ make LLVM=1 allnoconfig qemu-busybox-min.config rust.config
$ make LLVM=1 -j$(nproc)
```

4. setup busybox
```
git clone git://git.busybox.net/busybox
cd busybox
make menuconfig # enable 'Build static binary' config
make
make install
```
This will create the `_install` directory with the rootfs inside it.

5. create a home directory in the rootfs and copy a puzzlefs oci
directory in home/puzzlefs_oci
To create a puzzlefs oci directory:
* download this custom puzzlefs repository [11] (it's custom because we
  want to build an image without verity data)
* run `make release`
* create a simple filesystem structure with a few directories and files
  (I've created one at ../test-puzzlefs/simple_rootfs)
* build a puzzlefs oci image at
  `~/work/busybox/_install/home/puzzlefs_oci` (replace this path with
  your busybox path) with the tag `first_try`:
```
$ target/release/puzzlefs build --omit-verity \
../test-puzzlefs/simple_rootfs ~/work/busybox/_install/home/puzzlefs_oci \
first_try
```
* get first_try's image manifest from index.json (inside `puzzlefs_oci`)
```
$ cat index.json | jq . | grep digest
      "digest": "sha256:2d6602d678140540dc7e96de652a76a8b16e8aca190bae141297bcffdcae901b",
```

6. add the following 'init' script in the busybox rootfs (rootfs path
defaults to `./_install'):
```
#!/bin/sh
mount -t devtmpfs none /dev
mkdir -p /proc
mount -t proc none /proc

ifconfig lo up
udhcpc -i eth0

mkdir /mnt
mount -t puzzlefs -o oci_root_dir="/home/puzzlefs_oci" -o \
image_manifest="2d6602d678140540dc7e96de652a76a8b16e8aca190bae141297bcffdcae901b" \
none /mnt

setsid sh -c 'exec sh -l </dev/ttyS0 >/dev/ttyS0 2>&1'
```

Make sure to replace the `image_manifest` with your own digest. This
init script will be passed to rdinit in the kernel command line.

7. generate the initramfs

Assuming busybox is in `~/work/busybox`:
```
cd ~/work/busybox/_install && find . | cpio -H newc -o | gzip > ../ramdisk.img
```
This will generate a compressed ramdisk image in
`~/work/busybox/ramdisk.img`.

8. run with qemu (this assumes the linux tree is at '../linux' and busybox
is at '../busybox'):
```
qemu-system-x86_64 \
    -accel kvm \
    -cpu host \
    -m 4G \
    -initrd ../busybox/ramdisk.img \
    -kernel ../linux/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
    -nographic \
    -append 'console=ttyS0 nokaslr debug rdinit=/init' \
    -nic user,model=rtl8139 \
    -no-reboot
```

9. Check whether puzzlefs has been successfully mounted
```
~ # mount | grep puzzlefs
none on /mnt type puzzlefs (rw,relatime)
~ # ls /mnt/
dir-1  dir-2  dir-3  dir-4  file1  file2
```


# Puzzlefs abstract
Puzzlefs [1] is a container filesystem designed to address the
limitations of the existing OCI format. The main goals of the project
are reduced duplication, reproducible image builds, direct mounting
support and memory safety guarantees, some inspired by the OCIv2 design
document [7].

Reduced duplication is achieved using the content defined chunking
algorithm FastCDC. This implementation allows chunks to be shared among
layers. Building a new layer starting from an existing one allows
reusing most of the chunks.

Another goal of the project is reproducible image builds, which is
achieved by defining a canonical representation of the image format.

Direct mounting support is a key feature of puzzlefs and, together with
fs-verity, it provides data integrity. Currently, puzzlefs is
implemented as a userspace filesystem (FUSE). A read-only kernel
filesystem driver is underway.

Lastly, memory safety is critical to puzzlefs, leading to the decision
to implement it in Rust. Another goal is to share the same code between
user space and kernel space in order to provide one secure
implementation.


[1] https://github.com/anuvu/puzzlefs
[2] https://github.com/wedsonaf/linux/tree/fs
[3] https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/issues/1004
[4] https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/pull/1007
[5] https://docs.rs/serde_cbor/latest/serde_cbor/
[6] https://docs.rs/hex/0.4.3/hex/
[7] https://hackmd.io/@cyphar/ociv2-brainstorm
[8] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPs1uRqOnlk
[9] https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/tree/rust-next
[10] https://docs.kernel.org/rust/quick-start.html
[11] https://github.com/ariel-miculas/puzzlefs/tree/support-no-verity-data
[12] https://archive.fosdem.org/2019/schedule/event/containers_atomfs/

Ariel Miculas (58):
  rust: kernel: add libraries required by the filesystem abstractions
  rust: kernel: backport the delay module from the rust branch
  rust: kernel: add container_of macro
  rust: kernel: add offset_of macro
  drop: Add crate::pr_warn declaration
  rust: kernel: rename from_kernel_errno to from_errno
  rust: kernel: Rename from_pointer to from_foreing and into_pointer to
    into_foreign
  rust: kernel: add count_paren_items macro, needed by define_fs_params
    macro
  rust: helpers: add missing rust helper 'alloc_pages'
  kernel: configs: add qemu-busybox-min.config
  rust: kernel: format the rust code
  samples: puzzlefs: add initial puzzlefs sample, copied from rust_fs.rs
  kernel: configs: enable rust samples in rust.config
  Add SAMPLE_RUST_SERDE in rust.config
  rust: kernel: fix compile errors after rebase to rust-next
  rust: serde_cbor: import crate
  rust: serde_cbor: add SPDX License Identifiers
  rust: serde_cbor: add no_fp_fmt_parse support
  rust: Kbuild: enable serde_cbor
  samples: rust: add cbor serialize/deserialize example
  rust: serde_cbor: add support for serde_cbor's from_slice method by
    using a custom alloc_kernel feature
  rust: serde: add support for deserializing Vec with kernel_alloc
    feature
  rust: file: Replace UnsafeCell with Opaque for File
  rust: kernel: implement fmt::Debug for CString
  samples: puzzlefs: rename RustFs to PuzzleFs
  samples: puzzlefs: add basic deserializing support for the puzzlefs
    metadata
  rust: file: present the filesystem context to the open function
  rust: kernel: add an abstraction over vfsmount to allow cloning a new
    private mount
  rust: file: add from_path, from_path_in_root_mnt and read_with_offset
    methods to File
  samples: puzzlefs: pass the Vfsmount structure from open to read and
    return the contents of the data file inside /home/puzzlefs_oci
  rust: file: move from_path, from_path_in_root_mnt and read_with_offset
    methods to a RegularFile newtype
  rust: file: ensure RegularFile can only create regular files
  rust: file: add get_pos method to RegularFile
  rust: file: add methods read_to_end, get_file_size and update_pos to
    RegularFile
  rust: file: define a minimal Read trait and implement it for
    RegularFile
  samples: puzzlefs: add cbor_get_array_size method
  samples: puzzlefs: add KernelError to WireFormatError and implement
    From conversion
  samples: puzzlefs: implement new for MetadataBlob
  samples: puzzlefs: build puzzlefs into the kernel, thus avoiding the
    need to export rust symbols
  rust: alloc: add try_clone for Vec<T>
  rust: alloc: add from_iter_fallible for Vec<T>
  samples: puzzlefs: implement to_errno and from_errno for
    WireFormatError
  samples: puzzlefs: add TryReserveError (and from conversion) to
    WireFormatError
  samples: puzzlefs: add higher level inode related functionality
  samples: puzzlefs: populate the directory entries with the inodes from
    the puzzlefs metadata file
  rust: hex: import crate
  rust: hex: add SPDX license identifiers
  rust: Kbuild: enable `hex`
  rust: hex: implement FromHex trait and hex::decode using a custom
    kernel_alloc feature
  rust: hex: add encode_hex_iter and encode_hex_upper_iter methods
  rust: puzzlefs: add HexError to WireFormatError and implement the From
    conversion
  rust: puzzlefs: display the error value for
    WireFormatError::KernelError
  samples: puzzlefs: add Rootfs and Digest structs to types.rs
  samples: puzzlefs: implement the conversion from WireFormatError to
    kernel::error::Error
  rust: puzzlefs: read the puzzlefs image manifest instead of an
    individual metadata layer
  rust: puzzlefs: rename PuzzleFs to PuzzleFsModule to avoid confusion
    with the PuzzleFS struct
  rust: puzzlefs: add support for reading files
  rust: puzzlefs: add oci_root_dir and image_manifest filesystem
    parameters

Miguel Ojeda (15):
  rust: proc-macro2: import crate
  rust: proc-macro2: add SPDX License Identifiers
  rust: proc-macro2: remove `unicode_ident` dependency
  rust: quote: import crate
  rust: quote: add SPDX License Identifiers
  rust: syn: import crate
  rust: syn: add SPDX License Identifiers
  rust: syn: remove `unicode-ident` dependency
  rust: serde: import crate
  rust: serde: add `no_fp_fmt_parse` support
  rust: serde: add SPDX License Identifiers
  rust: serde_derive: import crate
  rust: serde_derive: add SPDX License Identifiers
  rust: Kbuild: enable `proc-macro2`, `quote`, `syn`, `serde` and
    `serde_derive`
  rust: test `serde` support

Wedson Almeida Filho (7):
  rust: add definitions for ref-counted inodes and dentries
  rust: add ability to register a file system
  rust: define fs context
  rust: add support for file system parameters
  rust: allow fs driver to initialise new superblocks
  rust: add `module_fs` macro
  WIP: rust: allow fs to be populated

 Makefile                                  |   14 +-
 arch/x86/configs/qemu-busybox-min.config  |   11 +
 kernel/configs/qemu-busybox-min.config    |   56 +
 kernel/configs/rust.config                |   11 +
 rust/.gitignore                           |    1 +
 rust/Makefile                             |  232 +-
 rust/alloc/vec/mod.rs                     |   48 +
 rust/bindings/bindings_helper.h           |   14 +
 rust/bindings/lib.rs                      |    5 +
 rust/helpers.c                            |   76 +
 rust/hex/error.rs                         |   78 +
 rust/hex/lib.rs                           |  506 +++
 rust/hex/serde.rs                         |  104 +
 rust/kernel/cred.rs                       |   46 +
 rust/kernel/delay.rs                      |  104 +
 rust/kernel/driver.rs                     |   28 +
 rust/kernel/error.rs                      |   52 +-
 rust/kernel/file.rs                       | 1117 ++++++
 rust/kernel/fs.rs                         | 1478 ++++++++
 rust/kernel/fs/param.rs                   |  558 +++
 rust/kernel/io_buffer.rs                  |  153 +
 rust/kernel/iov_iter.rs                   |   81 +
 rust/kernel/lib.rs                        |   83 +
 rust/kernel/mm.rs                         |  149 +
 rust/kernel/mount.rs                      |   66 +
 rust/kernel/pages.rs                      |  144 +
 rust/kernel/str.rs                        |    6 +
 rust/kernel/test_serde.rs                 |   26 +
 rust/kernel/test_serde/de.rs              |  439 +++
 rust/kernel/test_serde/error.rs           |   73 +
 rust/kernel/test_serde/ser.rs             |  466 +++
 rust/kernel/user_ptr.rs                   |  175 +
 rust/proc-macro2/detection.rs             |   77 +
 rust/proc-macro2/fallback.rs              | 1004 ++++++
 rust/proc-macro2/lib.rs                   | 1341 ++++++++
 rust/proc-macro2/marker.rs                |   20 +
 rust/proc-macro2/parse.rs                 |  874 +++++
 rust/proc-macro2/rcvec.rs                 |  144 +
 rust/proc-macro2/wrapper.rs               |  996 ++++++
 rust/quote/ext.rs                         |  112 +
 rust/quote/format.rs                      |  170 +
 rust/quote/ident_fragment.rs              |   88 +
 rust/quote/lib.rs                         | 1436 ++++++++
 rust/quote/runtime.rs                     |  440 +++
 rust/quote/spanned.rs                     |   45 +
 rust/quote/to_tokens.rs                   |  211 ++
 rust/serde/de/format.rs                   |   32 +
 rust/serde/de/ignored_any.rs              |  246 ++
 rust/serde/de/impls.rs                    | 2755 +++++++++++++++
 rust/serde/de/mod.rs                      | 2313 +++++++++++++
 rust/serde/de/seed.rs                     |   21 +
 rust/serde/de/utf8.rs                     |   48 +
 rust/serde/de/value.rs                    | 1718 ++++++++++
 rust/serde/integer128.rs                  |   84 +
 rust/serde/lib.rs                         |  351 ++
 rust/serde/macros.rs                      |  238 ++
 rust/serde/private/de.rs                  | 2997 ++++++++++++++++
 rust/serde/private/doc.rs                 |  161 +
 rust/serde/private/mod.rs                 |   52 +
 rust/serde/private/ser.rs                 | 1316 +++++++
 rust/serde/private/size_hint.rs           |   23 +
 rust/serde/ser/fmt.rs                     |  180 +
 rust/serde/ser/impls.rs                   |  987 ++++++
 rust/serde/ser/impossible.rs              |  218 ++
 rust/serde/ser/mod.rs                     | 1992 +++++++++++
 rust/serde/std_error.rs                   |   50 +
 rust/serde_cbor/de.rs                     | 1370 ++++++++
 rust/serde_cbor/error.rs                  |  320 ++
 rust/serde_cbor/lib.rs                    |  371 ++
 rust/serde_cbor/read.rs                   |  647 ++++
 rust/serde_cbor/ser.rs                    |  748 ++++
 rust/serde_cbor/tags.rs                   |  224 ++
 rust/serde_cbor/value/de.rs               |  168 +
 rust/serde_cbor/value/mod.rs              |  158 +
 rust/serde_cbor/value/ser.rs              |  447 +++
 rust/serde_cbor/write.rs                  |  177 +
 rust/serde_derive/bound.rs                |  408 +++
 rust/serde_derive/de.rs                   | 3148 +++++++++++++++++
 rust/serde_derive/dummy.rs                |   46 +
 rust/serde_derive/fragment.rs             |   76 +
 rust/serde_derive/internals/ast.rs        |  204 ++
 rust/serde_derive/internals/attr.rs       | 1908 +++++++++++
 rust/serde_derive/internals/case.rs       |  199 ++
 rust/serde_derive/internals/check.rs      |  445 +++
 rust/serde_derive/internals/ctxt.rs       |   64 +
 rust/serde_derive/internals/mod.rs        |   30 +
 rust/serde_derive/internals/receiver.rs   |  287 ++
 rust/serde_derive/internals/respan.rs     |   18 +
 rust/serde_derive/internals/symbol.rs     |   71 +
 rust/serde_derive/lib.rs                  |  112 +
 rust/serde_derive/pretend.rs              |  203 ++
 rust/serde_derive/ser.rs                  | 1342 ++++++++
 rust/serde_derive/this.rs                 |   34 +
 rust/serde_derive/try.rs                  |   26 +
 rust/syn/attr.rs                          |  664 ++++
 rust/syn/await.rs                         |    4 +
 rust/syn/bigint.rs                        |   68 +
 rust/syn/buffer.rs                        |  400 +++
 rust/syn/custom_keyword.rs                |  255 ++
 rust/syn/custom_punctuation.rs            |  302 ++
 rust/syn/data.rs                          |  495 +++
 rust/syn/derive.rs                        |  276 ++
 rust/syn/discouraged.rs                   |  196 ++
 rust/syn/error.rs                         |  430 +++
 rust/syn/export.rs                        |   41 +
 rust/syn/expr.rs                          | 3560 +++++++++++++++++++
 rust/syn/ext.rs                           |  141 +
 rust/syn/file.rs                          |  127 +
 rust/syn/gen/clone.rs                     | 2243 ++++++++++++
 rust/syn/gen/debug.rs                     | 3044 +++++++++++++++++
 rust/syn/gen/eq.rs                        | 2197 ++++++++++++
 rust/syn/gen/fold.rs                      | 3343 ++++++++++++++++++
 rust/syn/gen/hash.rs                      | 2871 ++++++++++++++++
 rust/syn/gen/visit.rs                     | 3788 +++++++++++++++++++++
 rust/syn/gen/visit_mut.rs                 | 3788 +++++++++++++++++++++
 rust/syn/gen_helper.rs                    |  156 +
 rust/syn/generics.rs                      | 1339 ++++++++
 rust/syn/group.rs                         |  284 ++
 rust/syn/ident.rs                         |  103 +
 rust/syn/item.rs                          | 3315 ++++++++++++++++++
 rust/syn/lib.rs                           |  985 ++++++
 rust/syn/lifetime.rs                      |  156 +
 rust/syn/lit.rs                           | 1602 +++++++++
 rust/syn/lookahead.rs                     |  171 +
 rust/syn/mac.rs                           |  221 ++
 rust/syn/macros.rs                        |  179 +
 rust/syn/op.rs                            |  236 ++
 rust/syn/parse.rs                         | 1316 +++++++
 rust/syn/parse_macro_input.rs             |  181 +
 rust/syn/parse_quote.rs                   |  169 +
 rust/syn/pat.rs                           |  929 +++++
 rust/syn/path.rs                          |  856 +++++
 rust/syn/print.rs                         |   18 +
 rust/syn/punctuated.rs                    | 1070 ++++++
 rust/syn/reserved.rs                      |   46 +
 rust/syn/sealed.rs                        |    6 +
 rust/syn/span.rs                          |   69 +
 rust/syn/spanned.rs                       |  116 +
 rust/syn/stmt.rs                          |  351 ++
 rust/syn/thread.rs                        |   43 +
 rust/syn/token.rs                         | 1015 ++++++
 rust/syn/tt.rs                            |  109 +
 rust/syn/ty.rs                            | 1288 +++++++
 rust/syn/verbatim.rs                      |   35 +
 rust/syn/whitespace.rs                    |   67 +
 samples/rust/Kconfig                      |   28 +
 samples/rust/Makefile                     |    3 +
 samples/rust/local_data_format/de.rs      |  422 +++
 samples/rust/local_data_format/error.rs   |   73 +
 samples/rust/local_data_format/ser.rs     |  443 +++
 samples/rust/puzzle.rs                    |    4 +
 samples/rust/puzzle/error.rs              |   91 +
 samples/rust/puzzle/inode.rs              |  150 +
 samples/rust/puzzle/oci.rs                |   71 +
 samples/rust/puzzle/types.rs              |  389 +++
 samples/rust/puzzle/types/cbor_helpers.rs |   50 +
 samples/rust/puzzlefs.rs                  |  220 ++
 samples/rust/rust_fs.rs                   |  105 +
 samples/rust/rust_serde.rs                |  125 +
 scripts/Makefile.build                    |    4 +-
 160 files changed, 89204 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/configs/qemu-busybox-min.config
 create mode 100644 kernel/configs/qemu-busybox-min.config
 create mode 100644 rust/hex/error.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/hex/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/hex/serde.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/cred.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/delay.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/driver.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/file.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/fs.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/fs/param.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/io_buffer.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/iov_iter.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/mm.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/mount.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/pages.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/test_serde.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/test_serde/de.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/test_serde/error.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/test_serde/ser.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/kernel/user_ptr.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/proc-macro2/detection.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/proc-macro2/fallback.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/proc-macro2/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/proc-macro2/marker.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/proc-macro2/parse.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/proc-macro2/rcvec.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/proc-macro2/wrapper.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/quote/ext.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/quote/format.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/quote/ident_fragment.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/quote/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/quote/runtime.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/quote/spanned.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/quote/to_tokens.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/de/format.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/de/ignored_any.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/de/impls.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/de/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/de/seed.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/de/utf8.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/de/value.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/integer128.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/macros.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/private/de.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/private/doc.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/private/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/private/ser.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/private/size_hint.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/ser/fmt.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/ser/impls.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/ser/impossible.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/ser/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde/std_error.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/de.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/error.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/read.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/ser.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/tags.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/value/de.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/value/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/value/ser.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_cbor/write.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/bound.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/de.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/dummy.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/fragment.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/internals/ast.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/internals/attr.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/internals/case.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/internals/check.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/internals/ctxt.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/internals/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/internals/receiver.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/internals/respan.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/internals/symbol.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/pretend.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/ser.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/this.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/serde_derive/try.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/syn/attr.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/syn/await.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/syn/bigint.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/syn/buffer.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/syn/custom_keyword.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/syn/custom_punctuation.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/syn/data.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/syn/derive.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/syn/discouraged.rs
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 create mode 100644 rust/syn/whitespace.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/local_data_format/de.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/local_data_format/error.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/local_data_format/ser.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/puzzle.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/puzzle/error.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/puzzle/inode.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/puzzle/oci.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/puzzle/types.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/puzzle/types/cbor_helpers.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/puzzlefs.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/rust_fs.rs
 create mode 100644 samples/rust/rust_serde.rs

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2.40.1