selinux.vger.kernel.org archive mirror
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
* SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
       [not found]                   ` <20190515013031.GF1977@linux.intel.com>
@ 2019-05-15 18:27                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-15 19:58                       ` James Morris
                                         ` (3 more replies)
  0 siblings, 4 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-15 18:27 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

Hi, LSM and SELinux people-

We're trying to figure out how SGX fits in with LSMs.  For background,
an SGX library is functionally a bit like a DSO, except that it's
nominally resistant to attack from outside and the process of loading
it is complicated.  To load an enclave, a program can open
/dev/sgx/enclave, do some ioctls to load the code and data segments
into the enclave, call a special ioctl to "initialize" the enclave,
and then call into the enclave (using special CPU instructions).

One nastiness is that there is not actually a universally agreed upon,
documented file format for enclaves.  Windows has an undocumented
format, and there are probably a few others out there.  No one really
wants to teach the kernel to parse enclave files.

There are two issues with how this interacts with LSMs:

1) LSMs might want to be able to whitelist, blacklist, or otherwise
restrict what enclaves can run at all.  The current proposal that
everyone seems to dislike the least is to have a .sigstruct file on
disk that contains a hash and signature of the enclave in a
CPU-defined format.  To initialize an enclave, a program will pass an
fd to this file, and a new LSM hook can be called to allow or disallow
the operation.  In a SELinux context, the idea is that policy could
require the .sigstruct file to be labeled with a type like
sgx_sigstruct_t, and only enclaves that have a matching .sigstruct
with such a label could run.

2) Just like any other DSO, there are potential issues with how
enclaves deal with writable vs executable memory.  This takes two
forms.  First, a task should probably require EXECMEM, EXECMOD, or
similar permission to run an enclave that can modify its own text.
Second, it would be nice if a task that did *not* have EXECMEM,
EXECMOD, or similar could still run the enclave if it had EXECUTE
permission on the file containing the enclave.

Currently, this all works because DSOs are run by mmapping the file to
create multiple VMAs, some of which are executable, non-writable, and
non-CoWed, and some of which are writable but not executable.  With
SGX, there's only really one inode per enclave (the anon_inode that
comes form /dev/sgx/enclave), and it can only be sensibly mapped
MAP_SHARED.

With the current version of the SGX driver, to run an enclave, I think
you'll need either EXECUTE rights to /dev/sgx/enclave or EXECMOD or
similar, all of which more or less mean that you can run any modified
code you want, and none of which is useful to prevent enclaves from
contain RWX segments.

So my question is: what, if anything, should change to make this work better?

Here's a very vague proposal that's kind of like what I've been
thinking over the past few days.  The SGX inode could track, for each
page, a "safe-to-execute" bit.  When you first open /dev/sgx/enclave,
you get a blank enclave and all pages are safe-to-execute.  When you
do the ioctl to load context (which could be code, data, or anything
else), the kernel will check whether the *source* VMA is executable
and, if not, mark the page of the enclave being loaded as unsafe.
Once the enclave is initialized, the driver will clear the
safe-to-execute bit for any page that is successfully mapped writably.

The intent is that a page of the enclave is safe-to-execute if that
page was populated from executable memory and not modified since then.
LSMs could then enforce a policy that you can map an enclave page RX
if the page is safe-to-execute, you can map any page you want for
write if there are no executable mappings, and you can only map a page
for write and execute simultaneously if you can EXECMOD permission.
This should allow an enclave to be loaded by userspace from a file
with EXECUTE rights.

So here are my questions:

Are the goals I mentioned reasonable?

Is the design I just outlined reasonable?  Would SELinux support this?

Is there a better solution that works well enough?

Thanks, all!

> On May 14, 2019, at 6:30 PM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
>
>> But thinking this all through, it's a bit more complicated than any of
>> this.  Looking at the SELinux code for inspiration, there are quite a
>> few paths, but they boil down to two cases: EXECUTE is the right to
>> map an unmodified file executably, and EXECMOD/EXECMEM (the
>> distinction seems mostly irrelevant) is the right to create (via mmap
>> or mprotect) a modified anonymous file mapping or a non-file-backed
>> mapping that is executable.  So, if we do nothing, then mapping an
>> enclave with execute permission will require either EXECUTE on the
>> enclave inode or EXECMOD/EXECMEM, depending on exactly how this gets
>> set up.
>
> If we do literally nothing, then I'm pretty sure mapping an enclave will
> require PROCESS__EXECMEM.  The mmap() for the actual enclave is done
> using an anon inode, e.g. from /dev/sgx/enclave.  Anon inodes are marked
> private, which means inode_has_perm() will always return "success".  The
> only effective check is in file_map_prot_check() when default_noexec is
> true, in which case requesting PROT_EXEC on private inodes requires
> PROCESS__EXECMEM.
>
>> So all is well, sort of.  The problem is that I expect there will be
>> people who want enclaves to work in a process that does not have these
>> rights.  To make this work, we probably need do some surgery on
>> SELinux.  ISTM the act of copying (via the EADD ioctl) data from a
>> PROT_EXEC mapping to an enclave should not be construed as "modifying"
>> the enclave for SELinux purposes.  Actually doing this could be
>> awkward, since the same inode will have executable parts and
>> non-executable parts, and SELinux can't really tell the difference.
>
> Rather the do surgery on SELinux, why not go with Cedric's original
> proposal and propagate the permissions from the source VMA to the EPC
> VMA?

Which EPC VMA?  Users can map the enclave fd again after EADD,
resulting in a new VMA.  And any realistic enclave will presumably
have RO, RW, and RX pages.

>  The enclave mmap() from userspace could then be done with RO
> permissions so as to not run afoul of LSMs.  Adding PROT_EXEC after
> EADD would require PROCESS__EXECMEM, but that's in line with mprotect()
> on regular memory.

How does this help anything?  The driver currently only works with
EXECMEM and, with this change, it still needs EXECMEM.

I think that, if we’re going to make changes along these lines, the
goal should be that you can have an enclave serialized in a file on
disk such that you have EXECUTE on the file, and you should be able to
load and run the enclave without needing EXECMEM.  (Unless the enclave
is self-modifying, of course.)

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 18:27                     ` SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support) Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-15 19:58                       ` James Morris
  2019-05-15 20:35                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-15 21:38                       ` Sean Christopherson
                                         ` (2 subsequent siblings)
  3 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: James Morris @ 2019-05-15 19:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore,
	Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, 15 May 2019, Andy Lutomirski wrote:

> There are two issues with how this interacts with LSMs:
> 
> 1) LSMs might want to be able to whitelist, blacklist, or otherwise
> restrict what enclaves can run at all.  The current proposal that
> everyone seems to dislike the least is to have a .sigstruct file on
> disk that contains a hash and signature of the enclave in a
> CPU-defined format.  To initialize an enclave, a program will pass an
> fd to this file, and a new LSM hook can be called to allow or disallow
> the operation.  In a SELinux context, the idea is that policy could
> require the .sigstruct file to be labeled with a type like
> sgx_sigstruct_t, and only enclaves that have a matching .sigstruct
> with such a label could run.


The .sigstruct file is for the CPU to consume, not the kernel correct?

How is it bound to the enclave file?

Why not just use an xattr, like security.sgx ?

> 
> 2) Just like any other DSO, there are potential issues with how
> enclaves deal with writable vs executable memory.  This takes two
> forms.  First, a task should probably require EXECMEM, EXECMOD, or
> similar permission to run an enclave that can modify its own text.
> Second, it would be nice if a task that did *not* have EXECMEM,
> EXECMOD, or similar could still run the enclave if it had EXECUTE
> permission on the file containing the enclave.
>
> Currently, this all works because DSOs are run by mmapping the file to
> create multiple VMAs, some of which are executable, non-writable, and
> non-CoWed, and some of which are writable but not executable.  With
> SGX, there's only really one inode per enclave (the anon_inode that
> comes form /dev/sgx/enclave), and it can only be sensibly mapped
> MAP_SHARED.
> 
> With the current version of the SGX driver, to run an enclave, I think
> you'll need either EXECUTE rights to /dev/sgx/enclave or EXECMOD or
> similar, all of which more or less mean that you can run any modified
> code you want, and none of which is useful to prevent enclaves from
> contain RWX segments.
> 
> So my question is: what, if anything, should change to make this work better?

Would it be possible to provide multiple fds (perhaps via a pseudo fs 
interface) which can be mapped to different types of VMAs?

-- 
James Morris
<jmorris@namei.org>


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 19:58                       ` James Morris
@ 2019-05-15 20:35                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-15 22:46                           ` James Morris
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-15 20:35 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: James Morris
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Sean Christopherson, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 12:58 PM James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> wrote:
>
> On Wed, 15 May 2019, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>
> > There are two issues with how this interacts with LSMs:
> >
> > 1) LSMs might want to be able to whitelist, blacklist, or otherwise
> > restrict what enclaves can run at all.  The current proposal that
> > everyone seems to dislike the least is to have a .sigstruct file on
> > disk that contains a hash and signature of the enclave in a
> > CPU-defined format.  To initialize an enclave, a program will pass an
> > fd to this file, and a new LSM hook can be called to allow or disallow
> > the operation.  In a SELinux context, the idea is that policy could
> > require the .sigstruct file to be labeled with a type like
> > sgx_sigstruct_t, and only enclaves that have a matching .sigstruct
> > with such a label could run.
>
>
> The .sigstruct file is for the CPU to consume, not the kernel correct?

Yes, unless an LSM wants to examine it to make a decision.

>
> How is it bound to the enclave file?

It's not bound to the enclave *file* at all, but it contains a hash
that covers the enclave, so two different files in two different
formats representing exactly the same enclave would get the same hash,
but any change to the enclave would get a different hash.

>
> Why not just use an xattr, like security.sgx ?

Wouldn't this make it so that only someone with CAP_MAC_ADMIN could
install an enclave?  I think that this decision should be left up the
administrator, and it should be easy to set up a loose policy where
anyone can load whatever enclave they want.  That's what would happen
in my proposal if there was no LSM loaded or of the LSM policy didn't
restrict what .sigstruct files were acceptable.

>
> >
> > 2) Just like any other DSO, there are potential issues with how
> > enclaves deal with writable vs executable memory.  This takes two
> > forms.  First, a task should probably require EXECMEM, EXECMOD, or
> > similar permission to run an enclave that can modify its own text.
> > Second, it would be nice if a task that did *not* have EXECMEM,
> > EXECMOD, or similar could still run the enclave if it had EXECUTE
> > permission on the file containing the enclave.
> >
> > Currently, this all works because DSOs are run by mmapping the file to
> > create multiple VMAs, some of which are executable, non-writable, and
> > non-CoWed, and some of which are writable but not executable.  With
> > SGX, there's only really one inode per enclave (the anon_inode that
> > comes form /dev/sgx/enclave), and it can only be sensibly mapped
> > MAP_SHARED.
> >
> > With the current version of the SGX driver, to run an enclave, I think
> > you'll need either EXECUTE rights to /dev/sgx/enclave or EXECMOD or
> > similar, all of which more or less mean that you can run any modified
> > code you want, and none of which is useful to prevent enclaves from
> > contain RWX segments.
> >
> > So my question is: what, if anything, should change to make this work better?
>
> Would it be possible to provide multiple fds (perhaps via a pseudo fs
> interface) which can be mapped to different types of VMAs?

Maybe.  The tricky bit is that, even if there was a separate inode for
the writable and the executable parts of the enclave, I think that
both would have to be mapped MAP_SHARED since MAP_ANONYMOUS is
nonsensical for SGX.  This would certainly push more complexity into
the user code.  Jarkko?

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 18:27                     ` SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support) Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-15 19:58                       ` James Morris
@ 2019-05-15 21:38                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-16  1:19                         ` Haitao Huang
  2019-05-16  5:16                       ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-17  0:03                       ` Sean Christopherson
  3 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-15 21:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore,
	Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 11:27:04AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> 2) Just like any other DSO, there are potential issues with how
> enclaves deal with writable vs executable memory.  This takes two
> forms.  First, a task should probably require EXECMEM, EXECMOD, or
> similar permission to run an enclave that can modify its own text.
> Second, it would be nice if a task that did *not* have EXECMEM,
> EXECMOD, or similar could still run the enclave if it had EXECUTE
> permission on the file containing the enclave.
> 
> Currently, this all works because DSOs are run by mmapping the file to
> create multiple VMAs, some of which are executable, non-writable, and
> non-CoWed, and some of which are writable but not executable.  With
> SGX, there's only really one inode per enclave (the anon_inode that
> comes form /dev/sgx/enclave), and it can only be sensibly mapped
> MAP_SHARED.

I was wrong when I said /dev/sgx/enclave creates and returns an anon
inode.  I was thinking of the KVM model for creating VMs.  SGX creates
an enclave when /dev/sgx/enclave is opened and associates the enclave
with the newly opened /dev/sgx/enclave fd.

Regardless, the fundamental problem remains, mmap() of EPC works on a
single inode.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 20:35                         ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-15 22:46                           ` James Morris
  2019-05-15 23:13                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: James Morris @ 2019-05-15 22:46 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore,
	Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, 15 May 2019, Andy Lutomirski wrote:

> > Why not just use an xattr, like security.sgx ?
> 
> Wouldn't this make it so that only someone with CAP_MAC_ADMIN could
> install an enclave?  I think that this decision should be left up the
> administrator, and it should be easy to set up a loose policy where
> anyone can load whatever enclave they want.  That's what would happen
> in my proposal if there was no LSM loaded or of the LSM policy didn't
> restrict what .sigstruct files were acceptable.
> 

You could try user.sigstruct, which does not require any privs.

-- 
James Morris
<jmorris@namei.org>


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 22:46                           ` James Morris
@ 2019-05-15 23:13                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-16  3:03                               ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-16  7:24                               ` James Morris
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-15 23:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: James Morris
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Sean Christopherson, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 3:46 PM James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> wrote:
>
> On Wed, 15 May 2019, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>
> > > Why not just use an xattr, like security.sgx ?
> >
> > Wouldn't this make it so that only someone with CAP_MAC_ADMIN could
> > install an enclave?  I think that this decision should be left up the
> > administrator, and it should be easy to set up a loose policy where
> > anyone can load whatever enclave they want.  That's what would happen
> > in my proposal if there was no LSM loaded or of the LSM policy didn't
> > restrict what .sigstruct files were acceptable.
> >
>
> You could try user.sigstruct, which does not require any privs.
>

I don't think I understand your proposal.  What file would this
attribute be on?  What would consume it?

I'm imagining that there's some enclave in a file
crypto_thingy.enclave.  There's also a file crypto_thingy.sigstruct.
crypto_thingy.enclave has type lib_t or similar so that it's
executable.  crypto_thingy.sigstruct has type sgx_sigstruct_t.  The
enclave loader does, in effect:

void *source_data = mmap(crypto_thingy.enclave, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, ...);
int sigstruct_fd = open("crypto_thingy.sigstruct", O_RDONLY);
int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR);

ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_ADD_SOME_DATA, source_data + source_offset,
enclave_offset, len, ...);
ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_ADD_SOME_DATA, source_data + source_offset2,
enclave_offset2, len, ...);
etc.

/* Here's where LSMs get to check that the sigstruct is acceptable.
The CPU will check that the sigstruct matches the enclave. */
ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, sigstruct_fd);

/* Actually map the thing */
mmap(enclave_fd RO section, PROT_READ, ...);
mmap(enclave_fd RW section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, ...);
mmap(enclave_fd RX section, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, ...);

/* This should fail unless EXECMOD is available, I think */
mmap(enclave_fd RWX section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC);

And the idea here is that, if the .enclave file isn't mapped
PROT_EXEC, then mmapping the RX section will also require EXECMEM or
EXECMOD.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 21:38                       ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-16  1:19                         ` Haitao Huang
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Haitao Huang @ 2019-05-16  1:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski, Sean Christopherson
  Cc: James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore,
	Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, 15 May 2019 16:38:58 -0500, Sean Christopherson  
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:

> On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 11:27:04AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>> 2) Just like any other DSO, there are potential issues with how
>> enclaves deal with writable vs executable memory.  This takes two
>> forms.  First, a task should probably require EXECMEM, EXECMOD, or
>> similar permission to run an enclave that can modify its own text.
>> Second, it would be nice if a task that did *not* have EXECMEM,
>> EXECMOD, or similar could still run the enclave if it had EXECUTE
>> permission on the file containing the enclave.
>>
>> Currently, this all works because DSOs are run by mmapping the file to
>> create multiple VMAs, some of which are executable, non-writable, and
>> non-CoWed, and some of which are writable but not executable.  With
>> SGX, there's only really one inode per enclave (the anon_inode that
>> comes form /dev/sgx/enclave), and it can only be sensibly mapped
>> MAP_SHARED.
>
> I was wrong when I said /dev/sgx/enclave creates and returns an anon
> inode.  I was thinking of the KVM model for creating VMs.  SGX creates
> an enclave when /dev/sgx/enclave is opened and associates the enclave
> with the newly opened /dev/sgx/enclave fd.
>
> Regardless, the fundamental problem remains, mmap() of EPC works on a
> single inode.

If I read code in file_map_prot_check() correctly, only when you request  
W+X at the same time that EXECMEM would be required for MAP_SHARED, right?
If so, I believe SGX enclaves would never need that.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 23:13                             ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-16  3:03                               ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-16  4:40                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-16  7:24                               ` James Morris
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-16  3:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris
  Cc: Christopherson, Sean J, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore,
	Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

Hi Andy,

> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> 
> On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 3:46 PM James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, 15 May 2019, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> >
> > > > Why not just use an xattr, like security.sgx ?
> > >
> > > Wouldn't this make it so that only someone with CAP_MAC_ADMIN could
> > > install an enclave?  I think that this decision should be left up the
> > > administrator, and it should be easy to set up a loose policy where
> > > anyone can load whatever enclave they want.  That's what would happen
> > > in my proposal if there was no LSM loaded or of the LSM policy didn't
> > > restrict what .sigstruct files were acceptable.
> > >
> >
> > You could try user.sigstruct, which does not require any privs.
> >
> 
> I don't think I understand your proposal.  What file would this
> attribute be on?  What would consume it?
> 
> I'm imagining that there's some enclave in a file
> crypto_thingy.enclave.  There's also a file crypto_thingy.sigstruct.
> crypto_thingy.enclave has type lib_t or similar so that it's
> executable.  crypto_thingy.sigstruct has type sgx_sigstruct_t.  The
> enclave loader does, in effect:
> 
> void *source_data = mmap(crypto_thingy.enclave, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, ...);
> int sigstruct_fd = open("crypto_thingy.sigstruct", O_RDONLY);
> int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR);
> 
> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_ADD_SOME_DATA, source_data + source_offset,
> enclave_offset, len, ...);
> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_ADD_SOME_DATA, source_data + source_offset2,
> enclave_offset2, len, ...);
> etc.
> 
> /* Here's where LSMs get to check that the sigstruct is acceptable.
> The CPU will check that the sigstruct matches the enclave. */
> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, sigstruct_fd);

SIGSTRUCT isn't necessarily stored on disk so may not always have a fd. How about the following?
void *ss_pointer = mmap(sigstruct_fd, PROT_READ,...);
ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, ss_pointer);

The idea here is SIGSTRUCT will still be passed in memory so it works the same way when no LSM modules are loaded or basing its decision on the .sigstruct file. Otherwise, an LSM module can figure out the backing file (and offset within that file) by looking into the VMA covering ss_pointer.

> 
> /* Actually map the thing */
> mmap(enclave_fd RO section, PROT_READ, ...);
> mmap(enclave_fd RW section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, ...);
> mmap(enclave_fd RX section, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, ...);
> 
> /* This should fail unless EXECMOD is available, I think */
> mmap(enclave_fd RWX section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC);
> 
> And the idea here is that, if the .enclave file isn't mapped
> PROT_EXEC, then mmapping the RX section will also require EXECMEM or
> EXECMOD.

From security perspective, I think it reasonable to give EXECMEM and EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave because the actual permissions are guarded by EPCM permissions, which are "inherited" from the source pages, whose permissions have passed LSM checks.

Alternatively, I think we could mark enclave VMAs somewhat differently, such as defining a new VM_SGX flag. The reason behind that is, enclave ranges differ from "regular" virtual ranges in terms of both functionality (i.e. #PF will have to be handled quite differently) and security, so I believe demand will come up to distinguish them eventually - e.g., LSM modules can then enforce different policies on them (by a new security_sgx_mprot() hook?).

-Cedric

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16  3:03                               ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-16  4:40                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-16 22:23                                   ` Xing, Cedric
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-16  4:40 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Christopherson, Sean J,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley,
	Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen,
	Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> On May 15, 2019, at 8:03 PM, Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Andy,
>
>> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
>>
>>> On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 3:46 PM James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> wrote:
>>>
>>> On Wed, 15 May 2019, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>>
>>>>> Why not just use an xattr, like security.sgx ?
>>>>
>>>> Wouldn't this make it so that only someone with CAP_MAC_ADMIN could
>>>> install an enclave?  I think that this decision should be left up the
>>>> administrator, and it should be easy to set up a loose policy where
>>>> anyone can load whatever enclave they want.  That's what would happen
>>>> in my proposal if there was no LSM loaded or of the LSM policy didn't
>>>> restrict what .sigstruct files were acceptable.
>>>>
>>>
>>> You could try user.sigstruct, which does not require any privs.
>>>
>>
>> I don't think I understand your proposal.  What file would this
>> attribute be on?  What would consume it?
>>
>> I'm imagining that there's some enclave in a file
>> crypto_thingy.enclave.  There's also a file crypto_thingy.sigstruct.
>> crypto_thingy.enclave has type lib_t or similar so that it's
>> executable.  crypto_thingy.sigstruct has type sgx_sigstruct_t.  The
>> enclave loader does, in effect:
>>
>> void *source_data = mmap(crypto_thingy.enclave, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, ...);
>> int sigstruct_fd = open("crypto_thingy.sigstruct", O_RDONLY);
>> int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR);
>>
>> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_ADD_SOME_DATA, source_data + source_offset,
>> enclave_offset, len, ...);
>> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_ADD_SOME_DATA, source_data + source_offset2,
>> enclave_offset2, len, ...);
>> etc.
>>
>> /* Here's where LSMs get to check that the sigstruct is acceptable.
>> The CPU will check that the sigstruct matches the enclave. */
>> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, sigstruct_fd);
>
> SIGSTRUCT isn't necessarily stored on disk so may not always have a fd. How about the following?
> void *ss_pointer = mmap(sigstruct_fd, PROT_READ,...);
> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, ss_pointer);
>
> The idea here is SIGSTRUCT will still be passed in memory so it works the same way when no LSM modules are loaded or basing its decision on the .sigstruct file. Otherwise, an LSM module can figure out the backing file (and offset within that file) by looking into the VMA covering ss_pointer.

I don’t love this approach.  Application authors seem likely to use
read() instead of mmap(), and it’ll still work in many cares. It would
also complicate the kernel implementation, and looking at the inode
backing the vma that backs a pointer is at least rather unusual.
Instead, if the sigstruct isn’t on disk because it’s dynamic or came
from a network, the application can put it in a memfd.

>
>>
>> /* Actually map the thing */
>> mmap(enclave_fd RO section, PROT_READ, ...);
>> mmap(enclave_fd RW section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, ...);
>> mmap(enclave_fd RX section, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, ...);
>>
>> /* This should fail unless EXECMOD is available, I think */
>> mmap(enclave_fd RWX section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC);
>>
>> And the idea here is that, if the .enclave file isn't mapped
>> PROT_EXEC, then mmapping the RX section will also require EXECMEM or
>> EXECMOD.
>
> From security perspective, I think it reasonable to give EXECMEM and EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave because the actual permissions are guarded by EPCM permissions, which are "inherited" from the source pages, whose permissions have passed LSM checks.

I disagree.  If you deny a program EXECMOD, it’s not because you
distrust the program. It’s because you want to enforce good security
practices.  (Or you’re Apple and want to disallow third-party JITs.)
A policy that accepts any sigstruct but requires that enclaves come
from disk and respect W^X seems entirely reasonable.

I think that blocking EXECMOD has likely served two very real security
purposes. It helps force application and library developers to write
and compile their code in a way that doesn’t rely on dangerous tricks
like putting executable trampolines on the stack.  It also makes it
essentially impossible for an exploit to run actual downloaded machine
code — if there is no way to run code that isn’t appropriately
labeled, then attackers are more limited in what they can do.

I don’t think that SGX should become an exception to either of these.
Code should not have an excuse to use WX memory just because it’s in
an enclave. Similarly, an exploit should not be able to run an
attacker-supplied enclave as a way around a policy that would
otherwise prevent downloaded code from running.


—Andy

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 18:27                     ` SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support) Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-15 19:58                       ` James Morris
  2019-05-15 21:38                       ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-16  5:16                       ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-16 21:02                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17  0:03                       ` Sean Christopherson
  3 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-16  5:16 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 11:27:04AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> Hi, LSM and SELinux people-
> 
> We're trying to figure out how SGX fits in with LSMs.  For background,
> an SGX library is functionally a bit like a DSO, except that it's
> nominally resistant to attack from outside and the process of loading
> it is complicated.  To load an enclave, a program can open
> /dev/sgx/enclave, do some ioctls to load the code and data segments
> into the enclave, call a special ioctl to "initialize" the enclave,
> and then call into the enclave (using special CPU instructions).
> 
> One nastiness is that there is not actually a universally agreed upon,
> documented file format for enclaves.  Windows has an undocumented
> format, and there are probably a few others out there.  No one really
> wants to teach the kernel to parse enclave files.
> 
> There are two issues with how this interacts with LSMs:
> 
> 1) LSMs might want to be able to whitelist, blacklist, or otherwise
> restrict what enclaves can run at all.  The current proposal that
> everyone seems to dislike the least is to have a .sigstruct file on
> disk that contains a hash and signature of the enclave in a
> CPU-defined format.  To initialize an enclave, a program will pass an
> fd to this file, and a new LSM hook can be called to allow or disallow
> the operation.  In a SELinux context, the idea is that policy could
> require the .sigstruct file to be labeled with a type like
> sgx_sigstruct_t, and only enclaves that have a matching .sigstruct
> with such a label could run.

Similarly if we could take data for the enclave from fd and enforce
it with sgx_enclave_t label.

> Here's a very vague proposal that's kind of like what I've been
> thinking over the past few days.  The SGX inode could track, for each
> page, a "safe-to-execute" bit.  When you first open /dev/sgx/enclave,
> you get a blank enclave and all pages are safe-to-execute.  When you
> do the ioctl to load context (which could be code, data, or anything
> else), the kernel will check whether the *source* VMA is executable
> and, if not, mark the page of the enclave being loaded as unsafe.
> Once the enclave is initialized, the driver will clear the
> safe-to-execute bit for any page that is successfully mapped writably.

With the fd based model for source I'd mark SECINFO.W pages as unsafe
to execute and then check unsafe bit before applying lets say EMODT
or EMODPR.

There is a problem here though. Usually the enclave itself is just a
loader that then loads the application from outside source and creates
the executable pages from the content.

A great example of this is Graphene that bootstraps unmodified Linux
applications to an enclave:

https://github.com/oscarlab/graphene

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 23:13                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-16  3:03                               ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-16  7:24                               ` James Morris
  2019-05-16 21:00                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-20  9:38                                 ` Dr. Greg
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: James Morris @ 2019-05-16  7:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore,
	Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, 15 May 2019, Andy Lutomirski wrote:

> On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 3:46 PM James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> wrote:
> >
> > You could try user.sigstruct, which does not require any privs.
> >
> 
> I don't think I understand your proposal.  What file would this
> attribute be on?  What would consume it?

It would be on the enclave file, so you keep the sigstruct bound to it, 
rather than needing a separate file to manage.  It would simplify any LSM 
policy check.

It would be consumed by (I guess) the SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE ioctl in your 
example, instead of having a 2nd fd.


-- 
James Morris
<jmorris@namei.org>


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16  7:24                               ` James Morris
@ 2019-05-16 21:00                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-20  9:38                                 ` Dr. Greg
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-16 21:00 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: James Morris
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Sean Christopherson, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> On May 16, 2019, at 12:24 AM, James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> wrote:
>
>> On Wed, 15 May 2019, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>
>>> On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 3:46 PM James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> wrote:
>>>
>>> You could try user.sigstruct, which does not require any privs.
>>>
>>
>> I don't think I understand your proposal.  What file would this
>> attribute be on?  What would consume it?
>
> It would be on the enclave file, so you keep the sigstruct bound to it,
> rather than needing a separate file to manage.  It would simplify any LSM
> policy check.
>
> It would be consumed by (I guess) the SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE ioctl in your
> example, instead of having a 2nd fd.
>
>

Okay, I think I see what you’re suggesting. I don’t think it works
well, though, since loading the data from the enclave file will almost
always be done in multiple chunks, and it’s not clear when the kernel
should look for the xattr or what to do if the xattr changes part way
through.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16  5:16                       ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-05-16 21:02                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-16 22:45                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-20 11:33                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-16 21:02 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jarkko Sakkinen
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Sean Christopherson, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley,
	Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> On May 15, 2019, at 10:16 PM, Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> wrote:
>
>> On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 11:27:04AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>> Hi, LSM and SELinux people-
>>
>> We're trying to figure out how SGX fits in with LSMs.  For background,
>> an SGX library is functionally a bit like a DSO, except that it's
>> nominally resistant to attack from outside and the process of loading
>> it is complicated.  To load an enclave, a program can open
>> /dev/sgx/enclave, do some ioctls to load the code and data segments
>> into the enclave, call a special ioctl to "initialize" the enclave,
>> and then call into the enclave (using special CPU instructions).
>>
>> One nastiness is that there is not actually a universally agreed upon,
>> documented file format for enclaves.  Windows has an undocumented
>> format, and there are probably a few others out there.  No one really
>> wants to teach the kernel to parse enclave files.
>>
>> There are two issues with how this interacts with LSMs:
>>
>> 1) LSMs might want to be able to whitelist, blacklist, or otherwise
>> restrict what enclaves can run at all.  The current proposal that
>> everyone seems to dislike the least is to have a .sigstruct file on
>> disk that contains a hash and signature of the enclave in a
>> CPU-defined format.  To initialize an enclave, a program will pass an
>> fd to this file, and a new LSM hook can be called to allow or disallow
>> the operation.  In a SELinux context, the idea is that policy could
>> require the .sigstruct file to be labeled with a type like
>> sgx_sigstruct_t, and only enclaves that have a matching .sigstruct
>> with such a label could run.
>
> Similarly if we could take data for the enclave from fd and enforce
> it with sgx_enclave_t label.

That certainly *could* be done, and I guess the decision could be left
to the LSMs, but I'm not convinced this adds value.  What security use
case does this cover that isn't already covered by requiring EXECUTE
(e.g. lib_t) on the enclave file and some new SIGSTRUCT right on the
.sigstruct?

>
>> Here's a very vague proposal that's kind of like what I've been
>> thinking over the past few days.  The SGX inode could track, for each
>> page, a "safe-to-execute" bit.  When you first open /dev/sgx/enclave,
>> you get a blank enclave and all pages are safe-to-execute.  When you
>> do the ioctl to load context (which could be code, data, or anything
>> else), the kernel will check whether the *source* VMA is executable
>> and, if not, mark the page of the enclave being loaded as unsafe.
>> Once the enclave is initialized, the driver will clear the
>> safe-to-execute bit for any page that is successfully mapped writably.
>
> With the fd based model for source I'd mark SECINFO.W pages as unsafe
> to execute and then check unsafe bit before applying lets say EMODT
> or EMODPR.
>
> There is a problem here though. Usually the enclave itself is just a
> loader that then loads the application from outside source and creates
> the executable pages from the content.
>
> A great example of this is Graphene that bootstraps unmodified Linux
> applications to an enclave:
>
> https://github.com/oscarlab/graphene
>

ISTM you should need EXECMEM or similar to run Graphene, then.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16  4:40                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-16 22:23                                   ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-17  0:35                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 13:53                                     ` Stephen Smalley
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-16 22:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: James Morris, Christopherson, Sean J, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

Hi Andy,

> > SIGSTRUCT isn't necessarily stored on disk so may not always have a fd.
> How about the following?
> > void *ss_pointer = mmap(sigstruct_fd, PROT_READ,...);
> > ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, ss_pointer);
> >
> > The idea here is SIGSTRUCT will still be passed in memory so it works
> the same way when no LSM modules are loaded or basing its decision on
> the .sigstruct file. Otherwise, an LSM module can figure out the backing
> file (and offset within that file) by looking into the VMA covering
> ss_pointer.
> 
> I don’t love this approach.  Application authors seem likely to use
> read() instead of mmap(), and it’ll still work in many cares. It would
> also complicate the kernel implementation, and looking at the inode
> backing the vma that backs a pointer is at least rather unusual.
> Instead, if the sigstruct isn’t on disk because it’s dynamic or came
> from a network, the application can put it in a memfd.

I understand your concern here. But I guess we are making too much assumption on how enclaves are structured/packaged. My concern is, what if a SIGSTRUCT really has to be from memory? For example, an enclave (along with its SIGSTRUCT) could be embedded inside a shared object (or even the "main" executable) so it shows up in memory to begin with. Of course it could be copied to a memfd but whatever "attributes" (e.g. path, or SELinux class/type) associated with the original file would be lost, so I'm not sure if that would work.

I'm also with you that applications tend to use read() instead of mmap() for accessing files. But in our case that'd be necessary only if .sigstruct is a separate file (hence needs to be read separately). What if (and I guess most implementations would) the SIGSTRUCT is embedded in the same file as the enclave? mmap() is the more common practice when dealing with executable images, and in that case SIGSTRUCT will have already been mmap()'d. 

I'm with you again that it's kind of unprecedented to look at the backing inode. But I believe we should strive to allow as large variety of applications/usages as possible and I don't see any alternatives without losing flexibility.

> >
> >>
> >> /* Actually map the thing */
> >> mmap(enclave_fd RO section, PROT_READ, ...);
> >> mmap(enclave_fd RW section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, ...);
> >> mmap(enclave_fd RX section, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, ...);
> >>
> >> /* This should fail unless EXECMOD is available, I think */
> >> mmap(enclave_fd RWX section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC);
> >>
> >> And the idea here is that, if the .enclave file isn't mapped
> >> PROT_EXEC, then mmapping the RX section will also require EXECMEM or
> >> EXECMOD.
> >
> > From security perspective, I think it reasonable to give EXECMEM and
> EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave because the actual permissions are guarded
> by EPCM permissions, which are "inherited" from the source pages, whose
> permissions have passed LSM checks.
> 
> I disagree.  If you deny a program EXECMOD, it’s not because you
> distrust the program. It’s because you want to enforce good security
> practices.  (Or you’re Apple and want to disallow third-party JITs.)
> A policy that accepts any sigstruct but requires that enclaves come
> from disk and respect W^X seems entirely reasonable.
> 
> I think that blocking EXECMOD has likely served two very real security
> purposes. It helps force application and library developers to write
> and compile their code in a way that doesn’t rely on dangerous tricks
> like putting executable trampolines on the stack.  It also makes it
> essentially impossible for an exploit to run actual downloaded machine
> code — if there is no way to run code that isn’t appropriately
> labeled, then attackers are more limited in what they can do.

> 
> I don’t think that SGX should become an exception to either of these.
> Code should not have an excuse to use WX memory just because it’s in
> an enclave. Similarly, an exploit should not be able to run an
> attacker-supplied enclave as a way around a policy that would
> otherwise prevent downloaded code from running.

My apology for the confusion here.

I thought EXECMOD applied to files (and memory mappings backed by them) but I was probably wrong. It sounds like EXECMOD applies to the whole process so would allow all pages within a process's address space to be modified then executed, regardless the backing files. Am I correct this time?

I was not saying enclaves were exempt to good security practices. What I was trying to say was, EPC pages are *not* subject to the same attacks as regular pages so I suspect there will be a desire to enforce different policies on them, especially after new SGX2 features/applications become available. So I think it beneficial to distinguish between regular vs. enclave virtual ranges. And to do that, a new VM_SGX flag in VMA is probably a very simple/easy way. And with that VM_SGX flag, we could add a new security_sgx_mprot() hook so that LSM modules/policies could act differently.

And if you are with me on that bigger picture, the next question is: what should be the default behavior of security_sgx_mprot() for existing/non-SGX-aware LSM modules/policies? I'd say a reasonable default is to allow R, RW and RX, but not anything else. It'd suffice to get rid of EXECMEM/EXECMOD requirements on enclave applications. For SGX1, EPCM permissions are immutable so it really doesn't matter what security_sgx_mprot() does. For SGX2 and beyond, there's still time and new SGX-aware LSM modules/policies will probably have emerged by then.

-Cedric

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16 21:02                         ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-16 22:45                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-16 23:29                             ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-20 11:29                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-20 11:33                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-16 22:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 02:02:58PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > On May 15, 2019, at 10:16 PM, Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> wrote:
> > There is a problem here though. Usually the enclave itself is just a
> > loader that then loads the application from outside source and creates
> > the executable pages from the content.
> >
> > A great example of this is Graphene that bootstraps unmodified Linux
> > applications to an enclave:
> >
> > https://github.com/oscarlab/graphene
> >
> 
> ISTM you should need EXECMEM or similar to run Graphene, then.

Agreed, Graphene is effectively running arbitrary enclave code.  I'm
guessing there is nothing that prevents extending/reworking Graphene to
allow generating the enclave ahead of time so as to avoid populating the
guts of the enclave at runtime, i.e. it's likely possible to run an
unmodified application in an enclave without EXECMEM if that's something
Graphene or its users really care about.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16 22:45                           ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-16 23:29                             ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-20 11:29                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-16 23:29 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Christopherson, Sean J, Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> > > There is a problem here though. Usually the enclave itself is just a
> > > loader that then loads the application from outside source and
> > > creates the executable pages from the content.
> > >
> > > A great example of this is Graphene that bootstraps unmodified Linux
> > > applications to an enclave:
> > >
> > > https://github.com/oscarlab/graphene
> > >
> >
> > ISTM you should need EXECMEM or similar to run Graphene, then.
> 
> Agreed, Graphene is effectively running arbitrary enclave code.  I'm
> guessing there is nothing that prevents extending/reworking Graphene to
> allow generating the enclave ahead of time so as to avoid populating the
> guts of the enclave at runtime, i.e. it's likely possible to run an
> unmodified application in an enclave without EXECMEM if that's something
> Graphene or its users really care about.

Inefficient use of memory is a problem of running Graphene on SGX1, from at least 2 aspects: 1) heaps/stacks have to be pre-allocated but only a small portion of those pages will be actually used; and 2) dynamic linking is commonly used in *unmodified* applications and all dependent libraries have to be loaded, but only a subset of those pages will actually be used - e.g. most applications use only a small set of functions in libc.so but the whole library still has to be loaded. Hence a practical/efficient solution will require/involve EDMM features available in SGX2. I guess we shall look a bit further into future in order to address this problem properly. And I think it necessary to distinguish enclave virtual ranges from regular ones (probably at VMA level) before we could have a practical solution.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-15 18:27                     ` SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support) Andy Lutomirski
                                         ` (2 preceding siblings ...)
  2019-05-16  5:16                       ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-05-17  0:03                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17  0:26                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-20 11:36                         ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  3 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17  0:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore,
	Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 11:27:04AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> Here's a very vague proposal that's kind of like what I've been
> thinking over the past few days.  The SGX inode could track, for each
> page, a "safe-to-execute" bit.  When you first open /dev/sgx/enclave,
> you get a blank enclave and all pages are safe-to-execute.  When you
> do the ioctl to load context (which could be code, data, or anything
> else), the kernel will check whether the *source* VMA is executable
> and, if not, mark the page of the enclave being loaded as unsafe.
> Once the enclave is initialized, the driver will clear the
> safe-to-execute bit for any page that is successfully mapped writably.
> 
> The intent is that a page of the enclave is safe-to-execute if that
> page was populated from executable memory and not modified since then.
> LSMs could then enforce a policy that you can map an enclave page RX
> if the page is safe-to-execute, you can map any page you want for
> write if there are no executable mappings, and you can only map a page
> for write and execute simultaneously if you can EXECMOD permission.
> This should allow an enclave to be loaded by userspace from a file
> with EXECUTE rights.

I'm still confused as to why you want to track execute permissions on the
enclave pages and add SGX-specific LSM hooks.  Is there anything that
prevents userspace from building the enclave like any other DSO and then
copying it into enclave memory?  I feel like I'm missing something.

  1. Userspace loads enclave into regular memory, e.g. like a normal DSO.
     All mmap(), mprotect(), etc... calls are subject to all existing
     LSM policies.

  2. Userspace opens /dev/sgx/enclave to instantiate a new enclave.

  3. Userspace uses mmap() to allocate virtual memory for its enclave,
     again subject to all existing LSM policies (sane userspaces map it RO
     since the permissions eventually get tossed anyways).

  4. SGX subsystem refuses to service page faults for enclaves that have
     not yet been initialized, e.g. signals SIGBUS or SIGSEGV.

  5. Userspace invokes SGX ioctl() to copy enclave from regulary VMA to
     enclave VMA.

  6. SGX ioctl() propagates VMA protection-related flags from source VMA
     to enclave VMA, e.g. invokes mprotect_fixup().  Enclave VMA(s) may
     be split as part of this process.

  7. At all times, mprotect() calls on the enclave VMA are subject to
     existing LSM policies, i.e. it's not special cased for enclaves.


The SGX ioctl() would need to take mmap_sem for write, but we can mitigate
that issue by changing the ioctl() to take a range of memory instead of a
single page.  That'd also provide "EADD batching" that folks have
requested.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17  0:03                       ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-17  0:26                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 15:41                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-20 11:41                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-20 11:36                         ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-17  0:26 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 5:03 PM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 11:27:04AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > Here's a very vague proposal that's kind of like what I've been
> > thinking over the past few days.  The SGX inode could track, for each
> > page, a "safe-to-execute" bit.  When you first open /dev/sgx/enclave,
> > you get a blank enclave and all pages are safe-to-execute.  When you
> > do the ioctl to load context (which could be code, data, or anything
> > else), the kernel will check whether the *source* VMA is executable
> > and, if not, mark the page of the enclave being loaded as unsafe.
> > Once the enclave is initialized, the driver will clear the
> > safe-to-execute bit for any page that is successfully mapped writably.
> >
> > The intent is that a page of the enclave is safe-to-execute if that
> > page was populated from executable memory and not modified since then.
> > LSMs could then enforce a policy that you can map an enclave page RX
> > if the page is safe-to-execute, you can map any page you want for
> > write if there are no executable mappings, and you can only map a page
> > for write and execute simultaneously if you can EXECMOD permission.
> > This should allow an enclave to be loaded by userspace from a file
> > with EXECUTE rights.
>
> I'm still confused as to why you want to track execute permissions on the
> enclave pages and add SGX-specific LSM hooks.  Is there anything that
> prevents userspace from building the enclave like any other DSO and then
> copying it into enclave memory?

It's entirely possible that I'm the one missing something.  But here's
why I think this:

> I feel like I'm missing something.
>
>   1. Userspace loads enclave into regular memory, e.g. like a normal DSO.
>      All mmap(), mprotect(), etc... calls are subject to all existing
>      LSM policies.
>
>   2. Userspace opens /dev/sgx/enclave to instantiate a new enclave.
>
>   3. Userspace uses mmap() to allocate virtual memory for its enclave,
>      again subject to all existing LSM policies (sane userspaces map it RO
>      since the permissions eventually get tossed anyways).

Is userspace actually requred to mmap() the enclave prior to EADDing things?

>
>   4. SGX subsystem refuses to service page faults for enclaves that have
>      not yet been initialized, e.g. signals SIGBUS or SIGSEGV.
>
>   5. Userspace invokes SGX ioctl() to copy enclave from regulary VMA to
>      enclave VMA.
>
>   6. SGX ioctl() propagates VMA protection-related flags from source VMA
>      to enclave VMA, e.g. invokes mprotect_fixup().  Enclave VMA(s) may
>      be split as part of this process.

Does this also call the LSM?  If so, what is it expected to do?  What
happens if there are different regions with different permissions on
the same page?  SGX has 256-byte granularity right?

>
>   7. At all times, mprotect() calls on the enclave VMA are subject to
>      existing LSM policies, i.e. it's not special cased for enclaves.

I don't think the normal behavior actually works here.  An enclave is
always MAP_SHARED, so (with SELinux) mprotecting() to X or RX requires
EXECUTE and mprotecting() to RWX requires extra permissions.  But user
code can also mmap() the enclave again.  What is supposed to happen in
that case?

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16 22:23                                   ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-17  0:35                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17  1:06                                       ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-17 16:05                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 13:53                                     ` Stephen Smalley
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-17  0:35 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Christopherson, Sean J,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley,
	Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen,
	Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 3:23 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Andy,
>
> > > SIGSTRUCT isn't necessarily stored on disk so may not always have a fd.
> > How about the following?
> > > void *ss_pointer = mmap(sigstruct_fd, PROT_READ,...);
> > > ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, ss_pointer);
> > >
> > > The idea here is SIGSTRUCT will still be passed in memory so it works
> > the same way when no LSM modules are loaded or basing its decision on
> > the .sigstruct file. Otherwise, an LSM module can figure out the backing
> > file (and offset within that file) by looking into the VMA covering
> > ss_pointer.
> >
> > I don’t love this approach.  Application authors seem likely to use
> > read() instead of mmap(), and it’ll still work in many cares. It would
> > also complicate the kernel implementation, and looking at the inode
> > backing the vma that backs a pointer is at least rather unusual.
> > Instead, if the sigstruct isn’t on disk because it’s dynamic or came
> > from a network, the application can put it in a memfd.
>
> I understand your concern here. But I guess we are making too much assumption on how enclaves are structured/packaged. My concern is, what if a SIGSTRUCT really has to be from memory? For example, an enclave (along with its SIGSTRUCT) could be embedded inside a shared object (or even the "main" executable) so it shows up in memory to begin with.

Hmm.  That's a fair point, although opening /proc/self/exe could be
somewhat of a workaround.  It does suffer from a bit of an in-band
signaling problem, though, in that it's possible that some other
random bytes in the library resemble a SIGSTRUCT.

> I was not saying enclaves were exempt to good security practices. What I was trying to say was, EPC pages are *not* subject to the same attacks as regular pages so I suspect there will be a desire to enforce different policies on them, especially after new SGX2 features/applications become available. So I think it beneficial to distinguish between regular vs. enclave virtual ranges. And to do that, a new VM_SGX flag in VMA is probably a very simple/easy way. And with that VM_SGX flag, we could add a new security_sgx_mprot() hook so that LSM modules/policies could act differently.

I'm not opposed to this, but I also don't think this needs to be in
the initial upstream driver.  VM_SGX also isn't strictly necessary --
an LSM could inspect the VMA to decide whether it's an SGX VMA if it
really wanted to.

That being said, do you have any specific behavior differences in mind
aside from the oddities involved in loading the enclave.

>
> And if you are with me on that bigger picture, the next question is: what should be the default behavior of security_sgx_mprot() for existing/non-SGX-aware LSM modules/policies? I'd say a reasonable default is to allow R, RW and RX, but not anything else. It'd suffice to get rid of EXECMEM/EXECMOD requirements on enclave applications. For SGX1, EPCM permissions are immutable so it really doesn't matter what security_sgx_mprot() does. For SGX2 and beyond, there's still time and new SGX-aware LSM modules/policies will probably have emerged by then.

I hadn't thought about the SGX1 vs SGX2 difference.  If the driver
initially only wants to support SGX1, then I guess we really could get
away with constraining the EPC flags based on the source page
permission and not restricting mprotect() and mmap() permissions on
/dev/sgx/enclave at all.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17  0:35                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-17  1:06                                       ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-17  1:21                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 16:05                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-17  1:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: James Morris, Christopherson, Sean J, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> 
> On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 3:23 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com>
> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Andy,
> >
> > > > SIGSTRUCT isn't necessarily stored on disk so may not always have
> a fd.
> > > How about the following?
> > > > void *ss_pointer = mmap(sigstruct_fd, PROT_READ,...);
> > > > ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, ss_pointer);
> > > >
> > > > The idea here is SIGSTRUCT will still be passed in memory so it
> > > > works
> > > the same way when no LSM modules are loaded or basing its decision
> > > on the .sigstruct file. Otherwise, an LSM module can figure out the
> > > backing file (and offset within that file) by looking into the VMA
> > > covering ss_pointer.
> > >
> > > I don’t love this approach.  Application authors seem likely to use
> > > read() instead of mmap(), and it’ll still work in many cares. It
> > > would also complicate the kernel implementation, and looking at the
> > > inode backing the vma that backs a pointer is at least rather
> unusual.
> > > Instead, if the sigstruct isn’t on disk because it’s dynamic or came
> > > from a network, the application can put it in a memfd.
> >
> > I understand your concern here. But I guess we are making too much
> assumption on how enclaves are structured/packaged. My concern is, what
> if a SIGSTRUCT really has to be from memory? For example, an enclave
> (along with its SIGSTRUCT) could be embedded inside a shared object (or
> even the "main" executable) so it shows up in memory to begin with.
> 
> Hmm.  That's a fair point, although opening /proc/self/exe could be
> somewhat of a workaround.  It does suffer from a bit of an in-band
> signaling problem, though, in that it's possible that some other random
> bytes in the library resemble a SIGSTRUCT.
> 
> > I was not saying enclaves were exempt to good security practices. What
> I was trying to say was, EPC pages are *not* subject to the same attacks
> as regular pages so I suspect there will be a desire to enforce
> different policies on them, especially after new SGX2
> features/applications become available. So I think it beneficial to
> distinguish between regular vs. enclave virtual ranges. And to do that,
> a new VM_SGX flag in VMA is probably a very simple/easy way. And with
> that VM_SGX flag, we could add a new security_sgx_mprot() hook so that
> LSM modules/policies could act differently.
> 
> I'm not opposed to this, but I also don't think this needs to be in the
> initial upstream driver.  VM_SGX also isn't strictly necessary -- an LSM
> could inspect the VMA to decide whether it's an SGX VMA if it really
> wanted to.

VM_SGX is just what I think is the easiest way for any module to tell enclave VMAs from all others. I agree totally with you that doesn't have to be in the initial release!

> 
> That being said, do you have any specific behavior differences in mind
> aside from the oddities involved in loading the enclave.

The major thing is dynamically linked enclaves. Say if you want something like dlopen() inside an enclave, the driver would need to EAUG a page as RW initially, and then change to RX after it has been EACCEPTCOPY'ed by the enclave. So it's like a RW->RX transition and an LSM module/policy may want to allow it only if it's within an enclave range (ELRANGE), or deny it otherwise.

> 
> >
> > And if you are with me on that bigger picture, the next question is:
> what should be the default behavior of security_sgx_mprot() for
> existing/non-SGX-aware LSM modules/policies? I'd say a reasonable
> default is to allow R, RW and RX, but not anything else. It'd suffice to
> get rid of EXECMEM/EXECMOD requirements on enclave applications. For
> SGX1, EPCM permissions are immutable so it really doesn't matter what
> security_sgx_mprot() does. For SGX2 and beyond, there's still time and
> new SGX-aware LSM modules/policies will probably have emerged by then.
> 
> I hadn't thought about the SGX1 vs SGX2 difference.  If the driver
> initially only wants to support SGX1, then I guess we really could get
> away with constraining the EPC flags based on the source page permission
> and not restricting mprotect() and mmap() permissions on
> /dev/sgx/enclave at all.

This is exactly what I'm going after! 

But I have to apologize for this silly question because I don't know much about SELinux: Wouldn't it require changes to existing SELinux policies to *not* restrict mprotect() on /dev/sgx/enclave?

-Cedric

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17  1:06                                       ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-17  1:21                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-17  1:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Christopherson, Sean J,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley,
	Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen,
	Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 6:06 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>
> > From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> >
> > On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 3:23 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Andy,
> > >
> > > > > SIGSTRUCT isn't necessarily stored on disk so may not always have
> > a fd.
> > > > How about the following?
> > > > > void *ss_pointer = mmap(sigstruct_fd, PROT_READ,...);
> > > > > ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, ss_pointer);
> > > > >
> > > > > The idea here is SIGSTRUCT will still be passed in memory so it
> > > > > works
> > > > the same way when no LSM modules are loaded or basing its decision
> > > > on the .sigstruct file. Otherwise, an LSM module can figure out the
> > > > backing file (and offset within that file) by looking into the VMA
> > > > covering ss_pointer.
> > > >
> > > > I don’t love this approach.  Application authors seem likely to use
> > > > read() instead of mmap(), and it’ll still work in many cares. It
> > > > would also complicate the kernel implementation, and looking at the
> > > > inode backing the vma that backs a pointer is at least rather
> > unusual.
> > > > Instead, if the sigstruct isn’t on disk because it’s dynamic or came
> > > > from a network, the application can put it in a memfd.
> > >
> > > I understand your concern here. But I guess we are making too much
> > assumption on how enclaves are structured/packaged. My concern is, what
> > if a SIGSTRUCT really has to be from memory? For example, an enclave
> > (along with its SIGSTRUCT) could be embedded inside a shared object (or
> > even the "main" executable) so it shows up in memory to begin with.
> >
> > Hmm.  That's a fair point, although opening /proc/self/exe could be
> > somewhat of a workaround.  It does suffer from a bit of an in-band
> > signaling problem, though, in that it's possible that some other random
> > bytes in the library resemble a SIGSTRUCT.
> >
> > > I was not saying enclaves were exempt to good security practices. What
> > I was trying to say was, EPC pages are *not* subject to the same attacks
> > as regular pages so I suspect there will be a desire to enforce
> > different policies on them, especially after new SGX2
> > features/applications become available. So I think it beneficial to
> > distinguish between regular vs. enclave virtual ranges. And to do that,
> > a new VM_SGX flag in VMA is probably a very simple/easy way. And with
> > that VM_SGX flag, we could add a new security_sgx_mprot() hook so that
> > LSM modules/policies could act differently.
> >
> > I'm not opposed to this, but I also don't think this needs to be in the
> > initial upstream driver.  VM_SGX also isn't strictly necessary -- an LSM
> > could inspect the VMA to decide whether it's an SGX VMA if it really
> > wanted to.
>
> VM_SGX is just what I think is the easiest way for any module to tell enclave VMAs from all others. I agree totally with you that doesn't have to be in the initial release!
>
> >
> > That being said, do you have any specific behavior differences in mind
> > aside from the oddities involved in loading the enclave.
>
> The major thing is dynamically linked enclaves. Say if you want something like dlopen() inside an enclave, the driver would need to EAUG a page as RW initially, and then change to RX after it has been EACCEPTCOPY'ed by the enclave. So it's like a RW->RX transition and an LSM module/policy may want to allow it only if it's within an enclave range (ELRANGE), or deny it otherwise.

I'm not convinced.  Given that the kernel has no way to tell that the
dynamically loaded code wasn't dynamically generated, I don't think it
makes sense to allow this in an enclave but disallow it outside an
enclave.

>
> >
> > >
> > > And if you are with me on that bigger picture, the next question is:
> > what should be the default behavior of security_sgx_mprot() for
> > existing/non-SGX-aware LSM modules/policies? I'd say a reasonable
> > default is to allow R, RW and RX, but not anything else. It'd suffice to
> > get rid of EXECMEM/EXECMOD requirements on enclave applications. For
> > SGX1, EPCM permissions are immutable so it really doesn't matter what
> > security_sgx_mprot() does. For SGX2 and beyond, there's still time and
> > new SGX-aware LSM modules/policies will probably have emerged by then.
> >
> > I hadn't thought about the SGX1 vs SGX2 difference.  If the driver
> > initially only wants to support SGX1, then I guess we really could get
> > away with constraining the EPC flags based on the source page permission
> > and not restricting mprotect() and mmap() permissions on
> > /dev/sgx/enclave at all.
>
> This is exactly what I'm going after!
>
> But I have to apologize for this silly question because I don't know much about SELinux: Wouldn't it require changes to existing SELinux policies to *not* restrict mprotect() on /dev/sgx/enclave?

I'm assuming we'd make a small in-kernel change to SELinux to make it
work without policy changes, assuming the SELinux maintainers would be
okay with this.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16 22:23                                   ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-17  0:35                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-17 13:53                                     ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 15:09                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-17 13:53 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: James Morris, Christopherson, Sean J, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/16/19 6:23 PM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> Hi Andy,
> 
>>> SIGSTRUCT isn't necessarily stored on disk so may not always have a fd.
>> How about the following?
>>> void *ss_pointer = mmap(sigstruct_fd, PROT_READ,...);
>>> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE, ss_pointer);
>>>
>>> The idea here is SIGSTRUCT will still be passed in memory so it works
>> the same way when no LSM modules are loaded or basing its decision on
>> the .sigstruct file. Otherwise, an LSM module can figure out the backing
>> file (and offset within that file) by looking into the VMA covering
>> ss_pointer.
>>
>> I don’t love this approach.  Application authors seem likely to use
>> read() instead of mmap(), and it’ll still work in many cares. It would
>> also complicate the kernel implementation, and looking at the inode
>> backing the vma that backs a pointer is at least rather unusual.
>> Instead, if the sigstruct isn’t on disk because it’s dynamic or came
>> from a network, the application can put it in a memfd.
> 
> I understand your concern here. But I guess we are making too much assumption on how enclaves are structured/packaged. My concern is, what if a SIGSTRUCT really has to be from memory? For example, an enclave (along with its SIGSTRUCT) could be embedded inside a shared object (or even the "main" executable) so it shows up in memory to begin with. Of course it could be copied to a memfd but whatever "attributes" (e.g. path, or SELinux class/type) associated with the original file would be lost, so I'm not sure if that would work.
> 
> I'm also with you that applications tend to use read() instead of mmap() for accessing files. But in our case that'd be necessary only if .sigstruct is a separate file (hence needs to be read separately). What if (and I guess most implementations would) the SIGSTRUCT is embedded in the same file as the enclave? mmap() is the more common practice when dealing with executable images, and in that case SIGSTRUCT will have already been mmap()'d.
> 
> I'm with you again that it's kind of unprecedented to look at the backing inode. But I believe we should strive to allow as large variety of applications/usages as possible and I don't see any alternatives without losing flexibility.
> 
>>>
>>>>
>>>> /* Actually map the thing */
>>>> mmap(enclave_fd RO section, PROT_READ, ...);
>>>> mmap(enclave_fd RW section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, ...);
>>>> mmap(enclave_fd RX section, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, ...);
>>>>
>>>> /* This should fail unless EXECMOD is available, I think */
>>>> mmap(enclave_fd RWX section, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC);
>>>>
>>>> And the idea here is that, if the .enclave file isn't mapped
>>>> PROT_EXEC, then mmapping the RX section will also require EXECMEM or
>>>> EXECMOD.
>>>
>>>  From security perspective, I think it reasonable to give EXECMEM and
>> EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave because the actual permissions are guarded
>> by EPCM permissions, which are "inherited" from the source pages, whose
>> permissions have passed LSM checks.
>>
>> I disagree.  If you deny a program EXECMOD, it’s not because you
>> distrust the program. It’s because you want to enforce good security
>> practices.  (Or you’re Apple and want to disallow third-party JITs.)
>> A policy that accepts any sigstruct but requires that enclaves come
>> from disk and respect W^X seems entirely reasonable.
>>
>> I think that blocking EXECMOD has likely served two very real security
>> purposes. It helps force application and library developers to write
>> and compile their code in a way that doesn’t rely on dangerous tricks
>> like putting executable trampolines on the stack.  It also makes it
>> essentially impossible for an exploit to run actual downloaded machine
>> code — if there is no way to run code that isn’t appropriately
>> labeled, then attackers are more limited in what they can do.
> 
>>
>> I don’t think that SGX should become an exception to either of these.
>> Code should not have an excuse to use WX memory just because it’s in
>> an enclave. Similarly, an exploit should not be able to run an
>> attacker-supplied enclave as a way around a policy that would
>> otherwise prevent downloaded code from running.
> 
> My apology for the confusion here.
> 
> I thought EXECMOD applied to files (and memory mappings backed by them) but I was probably wrong. It sounds like EXECMOD applies to the whole process so would allow all pages within a process's address space to be modified then executed, regardless the backing files. Am I correct this time?

No, you were correct the first time I think; EXECMOD is used to control 
whether a process can make executable a private file mapping that has 
previously been modified (e.g. text relocation); it is a special case to 
support text relocations without having to allow full EXECMEM (i.e. 
execute arbitrary memory).

SELinux checks relevant to W^X include:

- EXECMEM: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC an anonymous mapping (regardless of 
PROT_WRITE, since we know the content has to have been written at some 
point) or a private file mapping that is also PROT_WRITE.
- EXECMOD: mprotect PROT_EXEC a private file mapping that has been 
previously modified, typically for text relocations,
- FILE__WRITE: mmap/mprotect PROT_WRITE a shared file mapping,
- FILE__EXECUTE: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC a file mapping.

(ignoring EXECSTACK and EXECHEAP here since they aren't really relevant 
to this discussion)

So if you want to ensure W^X, then you wouldn't allow EXECMEM for the 
process, EXECMOD by the process to any file, and the combination of both 
FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE by the process to any file.

If the /dev/sgx/enclave mappings are MAP_SHARED and you aren't using an 
anonymous inode, then I would expect that only the FILE__WRITE and 
FILE__EXECUTE checks are relevant.

> 
> I was not saying enclaves were exempt to good security practices. What I was trying to say was, EPC pages are *not* subject to the same attacks as regular pages so I suspect there will be a desire to enforce different policies on them, especially after new SGX2 features/applications become available. So I think it beneficial to distinguish between regular vs. enclave virtual ranges. And to do that, a new VM_SGX flag in VMA is probably a very simple/easy way. And with that VM_SGX flag, we could add a new security_sgx_mprot() hook so that LSM modules/policies could act differently.
> 
> And if you are with me on that bigger picture, the next question is: what should be the default behavior of security_sgx_mprot() for existing/non-SGX-aware LSM modules/policies? I'd say a reasonable default is to allow R, RW and RX, but not anything else. It'd suffice to get rid of EXECMEM/EXECMOD requirements on enclave applications. For SGX1, EPCM permissions are immutable so it really doesn't matter what security_sgx_mprot() does. For SGX2 and beyond, there's still time and new SGX-aware LSM modules/policies will probably have emerged by then.
> 
> -Cedric
> 


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 13:53                                     ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-17 15:09                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 16:20                                         ` Stephen Smalley
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 15:09 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 09:53:06AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> On 5/16/19 6:23 PM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> >I thought EXECMOD applied to files (and memory mappings backed by them) but
> >I was probably wrong. It sounds like EXECMOD applies to the whole process so
> >would allow all pages within a process's address space to be modified then
> >executed, regardless the backing files. Am I correct this time?
> 
> No, you were correct the first time I think; EXECMOD is used to control
> whether a process can make executable a private file mapping that has
> previously been modified (e.g. text relocation); it is a special case to
> support text relocations without having to allow full EXECMEM (i.e. execute
> arbitrary memory).
> 
> SELinux checks relevant to W^X include:
> 
> - EXECMEM: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC an anonymous mapping (regardless of
> PROT_WRITE, since we know the content has to have been written at some
> point) or a private file mapping that is also PROT_WRITE.
> - EXECMOD: mprotect PROT_EXEC a private file mapping that has been
> previously modified, typically for text relocations,
> - FILE__WRITE: mmap/mprotect PROT_WRITE a shared file mapping,
> - FILE__EXECUTE: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC a file mapping.
> 
> (ignoring EXECSTACK and EXECHEAP here since they aren't really relevant to
> this discussion)
> 
> So if you want to ensure W^X, then you wouldn't allow EXECMEM for the
> process, EXECMOD by the process to any file, and the combination of both
> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE by the process to any file.
> 
> If the /dev/sgx/enclave mappings are MAP_SHARED and you aren't using an
> anonymous inode, then I would expect that only the FILE__WRITE and
> FILE__EXECUTE checks are relevant.

Yep, I was just typing this up in a different thread:

I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode for each
enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the /dev/sgx/enclave inode.
Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's file_map_prot_check()
will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() enclave VMAs
to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux treat
EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I think), e.g.
making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have default_noexec).

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17  0:26                         ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-17 15:41                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-20 11:42                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-20 11:41                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 15:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore,
	Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 05:26:15PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 5:03 PM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 11:27:04AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > Here's a very vague proposal that's kind of like what I've been
> > > thinking over the past few days.  The SGX inode could track, for each
> > > page, a "safe-to-execute" bit.  When you first open /dev/sgx/enclave,
> > > you get a blank enclave and all pages are safe-to-execute.  When you
> > > do the ioctl to load context (which could be code, data, or anything
> > > else), the kernel will check whether the *source* VMA is executable
> > > and, if not, mark the page of the enclave being loaded as unsafe.
> > > Once the enclave is initialized, the driver will clear the
> > > safe-to-execute bit for any page that is successfully mapped writably.
> > >
> > > The intent is that a page of the enclave is safe-to-execute if that
> > > page was populated from executable memory and not modified since then.
> > > LSMs could then enforce a policy that you can map an enclave page RX
> > > if the page is safe-to-execute, you can map any page you want for
> > > write if there are no executable mappings, and you can only map a page
> > > for write and execute simultaneously if you can EXECMOD permission.
> > > This should allow an enclave to be loaded by userspace from a file
> > > with EXECUTE rights.
> >
> > I'm still confused as to why you want to track execute permissions on the
> > enclave pages and add SGX-specific LSM hooks.  Is there anything that
> > prevents userspace from building the enclave like any other DSO and then
> > copying it into enclave memory?
> 
> It's entirely possible that I'm the one missing something.  But here's
> why I think this:
> 
> > I feel like I'm missing something.
> >
> >   1. Userspace loads enclave into regular memory, e.g. like a normal DSO.
> >      All mmap(), mprotect(), etc... calls are subject to all existing
> >      LSM policies.
> >
> >   2. Userspace opens /dev/sgx/enclave to instantiate a new enclave.
> >
> >   3. Userspace uses mmap() to allocate virtual memory for its enclave,
> >      again subject to all existing LSM policies (sane userspaces map it RO
> >      since the permissions eventually get tossed anyways).
> 
> Is userspace actually requred to mmap() the enclave prior to EADDing things?

It was a requirement prior to the API rework in v20, i.e. unless someone
was really quick on the draw after the v20 update all existing userspace
implementations mmap() the enclave before ECREATE.   Requiring a valid
enclave VMA for EADD shoudn't be too onerous.

> >   4. SGX subsystem refuses to service page faults for enclaves that have
> >      not yet been initialized, e.g. signals SIGBUS or SIGSEGV.
> >
> >   5. Userspace invokes SGX ioctl() to copy enclave from regulary VMA to
> >      enclave VMA.
> >
> >   6. SGX ioctl() propagates VMA protection-related flags from source VMA
> >      to enclave VMA, e.g. invokes mprotect_fixup().  Enclave VMA(s) may
> >      be split as part of this process.
> 
> Does this also call the LSM?  If so, what is it expected to do?

Nope.  My reasoning behind skipping LSM checks is that the LSMs have
already ok'd the source VMAs, similar to how dup_mmap() doesn't redo LSM
checks.

> What happens if there are different regions with different permissions on
> the same page?  SGX has 256-byte granularity right?

No, EPC pages have 4k granularity.

  The EPC is divided into EPC pages. An EPC page is 4KB in size and always
  aligned on a 4KB boundary

EEXTEND is the only aspect of SGX that works on 256-byte chunks, and that
goofiness is primarily to keep the latency of EEXTEND low enough so that
the instruction doesn't have to be interruptible, a la EINIT.

> >
> >   7. At all times, mprotect() calls on the enclave VMA are subject to
> >      existing LSM policies, i.e. it's not special cased for enclaves.
> 
> I don't think the normal behavior actually works here.  An enclave is
> always MAP_SHARED, so (with SELinux) mprotecting() to X or RX requires
> EXECUTE and mprotecting() to RWX requires extra permissions.

Requiring extra permissions is good though, right?  My thinking is to make
the EADD "VMA copy" the happy/easy path, while using mprotect() to convert
EPC memory to executable would require PROCESS__EXECMEM (assuming we back
enclaves with anon inodes instead of /dev/sgx/enclave).

> But user code can also mmap() the enclave again.  What is supposed to
> happen in that case?

Hmm, it can't effectively re-mmap() the enclave as executable since
entering the enclave requires using the correct virtual address range,
i.e. EENTER would fail.  It could, I think, do munmap()->mmap() to change
the permissions.  We could handle that case fairly easily by invoking
security_file_mprotect() in SGX's mmap() hook if any pages have been added
to the enclave, i.e. treat mmap() like mprotect().

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17  0:35                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17  1:06                                       ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-17 16:05                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 16:05 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 05:35:16PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 3:23 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> > And if you are with me on that bigger picture, the next question is: what
> > should be the default behavior of security_sgx_mprot() for
> > existing/non-SGX-aware LSM modules/policies? I'd say a reasonable default
> > is to allow R, RW and RX, but not anything else. It'd suffice to get rid of
> > EXECMEM/EXECMOD requirements on enclave applications. For SGX1, EPCM
> > permissions are immutable so it really doesn't matter what
> > security_sgx_mprot() does. For SGX2 and beyond, there's still time and new
> > SGX-aware LSM modules/policies will probably have emerged by then.
> 
> I hadn't thought about the SGX1 vs SGX2 difference.  If the driver
> initially only wants to support SGX1, then I guess we really could get
> away with constraining the EPC flags based on the source page
> permission and not restricting mprotect() and mmap() permissions on
> /dev/sgx/enclave at all.

No, SGX1 vs SGX2 support in the kernel is irrelevant.  Well, unless the
driver simply refuses to load on SGX2 hardware, but I don't think anyone
wants to go that route.  There is no enabling or attribute bit required
to execute ENCLU[EMODPE], e.g. an enclave can effect RW->RWX in the EPCM
on SGX2 hardware regardless of what the kernel is doing.

IMO the kernel should ignore the EPCM from an LSM perspective.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 15:09                                       ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-17 16:20                                         ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 16:24                                           ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 16:37                                           ` Stephen Smalley
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-17 16:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/17/19 11:09 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 09:53:06AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>> On 5/16/19 6:23 PM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>>> I thought EXECMOD applied to files (and memory mappings backed by them) but
>>> I was probably wrong. It sounds like EXECMOD applies to the whole process so
>>> would allow all pages within a process's address space to be modified then
>>> executed, regardless the backing files. Am I correct this time?
>>
>> No, you were correct the first time I think; EXECMOD is used to control
>> whether a process can make executable a private file mapping that has
>> previously been modified (e.g. text relocation); it is a special case to
>> support text relocations without having to allow full EXECMEM (i.e. execute
>> arbitrary memory).
>>
>> SELinux checks relevant to W^X include:
>>
>> - EXECMEM: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC an anonymous mapping (regardless of
>> PROT_WRITE, since we know the content has to have been written at some
>> point) or a private file mapping that is also PROT_WRITE.
>> - EXECMOD: mprotect PROT_EXEC a private file mapping that has been
>> previously modified, typically for text relocations,
>> - FILE__WRITE: mmap/mprotect PROT_WRITE a shared file mapping,
>> - FILE__EXECUTE: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC a file mapping.
>>
>> (ignoring EXECSTACK and EXECHEAP here since they aren't really relevant to
>> this discussion)
>>
>> So if you want to ensure W^X, then you wouldn't allow EXECMEM for the
>> process, EXECMOD by the process to any file, and the combination of both
>> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE by the process to any file.
>>
>> If the /dev/sgx/enclave mappings are MAP_SHARED and you aren't using an
>> anonymous inode, then I would expect that only the FILE__WRITE and
>> FILE__EXECUTE checks are relevant.
> 
> Yep, I was just typing this up in a different thread:
> 
> I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode for each
> enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the /dev/sgx/enclave inode.
> Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's file_map_prot_check()
> will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() enclave VMAs
> to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux treat
> EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I think), e.g.
> making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
> 64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have default_noexec).

I don't think we want to require EXECMEM (or equivalently both 
FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave) for making any EPC 
page executable, only if the page is also writable or previously 
modified.  The intent is to prevent arbitrary code execution without 
EXECMEM (or FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE), while still allowing enclaves to 
be created without EXECMEM as long as the EPC page mapping is only ever 
mapped RX and its initial contents came from an unmodified file mapping 
that was PROT_EXEC (and hence already checked via FILE__EXECUTE).

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 16:20                                         ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-17 16:24                                           ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 16:37                                           ` Stephen Smalley
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-17 16:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes



> On May 17, 2019, at 9:20 AM, Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
> 
>> On 5/17/19 11:09 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 09:53:06AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>>> On 5/16/19 6:23 PM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>>>> I thought EXECMOD applied to files (and memory mappings backed by them) but
>>>> I was probably wrong. It sounds like EXECMOD applies to the whole process so
>>>> would allow all pages within a process's address space to be modified then
>>>> executed, regardless the backing files. Am I correct this time?
>>> 
>>> No, you were correct the first time I think; EXECMOD is used to control
>>> whether a process can make executable a private file mapping that has
>>> previously been modified (e.g. text relocation); it is a special case to
>>> support text relocations without having to allow full EXECMEM (i.e. execute
>>> arbitrary memory).
>>> 
>>> SELinux checks relevant to W^X include:
>>> 
>>> - EXECMEM: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC an anonymous mapping (regardless of
>>> PROT_WRITE, since we know the content has to have been written at some
>>> point) or a private file mapping that is also PROT_WRITE.
>>> - EXECMOD: mprotect PROT_EXEC a private file mapping that has been
>>> previously modified, typically for text relocations,
>>> - FILE__WRITE: mmap/mprotect PROT_WRITE a shared file mapping,
>>> - FILE__EXECUTE: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC a file mapping.
>>> 
>>> (ignoring EXECSTACK and EXECHEAP here since they aren't really relevant to
>>> this discussion)
>>> 
>>> So if you want to ensure W^X, then you wouldn't allow EXECMEM for the
>>> process, EXECMOD by the process to any file, and the combination of both
>>> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE by the process to any file.
>>> 
>>> If the /dev/sgx/enclave mappings are MAP_SHARED and you aren't using an
>>> anonymous inode, then I would expect that only the FILE__WRITE and
>>> FILE__EXECUTE checks are relevant.
>> Yep, I was just typing this up in a different thread:
>> I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode for each
>> enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the /dev/sgx/enclave inode.
>> Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's file_map_prot_check()
>> will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() enclave VMAs
>> to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux treat
>> EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I think), e.g.
>> making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
>> 64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have default_noexec).
> 
> I don't think we want to require EXECMEM (or equivalently both FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave) for making any EPC page executable, only if the page is also writable or previously modified.  The intent is to prevent arbitrary code execution without EXECMEM (or FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE), while still allowing enclaves to be created without EXECMEM as long as the EPC page mapping is only ever mapped RX and its initial contents came from an unmodified file mapping that was PROT_EXEC (and hence already checked via FILE__EXECUTE).

That agrees with my thoughts. Actually plumbing everything together so this works could be a bit interesting.  I assume it’ll need a special case in SELinux or maybe a new vm_op.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 16:20                                         ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 16:24                                           ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-17 16:37                                           ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 17:12                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 17:29                                             ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-17 16:37 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/17/19 12:20 PM, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> On 5/17/19 11:09 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 09:53:06AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>> On 5/16/19 6:23 PM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>>>> I thought EXECMOD applied to files (and memory mappings backed by 
>>>> them) but
>>>> I was probably wrong. It sounds like EXECMOD applies to the whole 
>>>> process so
>>>> would allow all pages within a process's address space to be 
>>>> modified then
>>>> executed, regardless the backing files. Am I correct this time?
>>>
>>> No, you were correct the first time I think; EXECMOD is used to control
>>> whether a process can make executable a private file mapping that has
>>> previously been modified (e.g. text relocation); it is a special case to
>>> support text relocations without having to allow full EXECMEM (i.e. 
>>> execute
>>> arbitrary memory).
>>>
>>> SELinux checks relevant to W^X include:
>>>
>>> - EXECMEM: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC an anonymous mapping (regardless of
>>> PROT_WRITE, since we know the content has to have been written at some
>>> point) or a private file mapping that is also PROT_WRITE.
>>> - EXECMOD: mprotect PROT_EXEC a private file mapping that has been
>>> previously modified, typically for text relocations,
>>> - FILE__WRITE: mmap/mprotect PROT_WRITE a shared file mapping,
>>> - FILE__EXECUTE: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC a file mapping.
>>>
>>> (ignoring EXECSTACK and EXECHEAP here since they aren't really 
>>> relevant to
>>> this discussion)
>>>
>>> So if you want to ensure W^X, then you wouldn't allow EXECMEM for the
>>> process, EXECMOD by the process to any file, and the combination of both
>>> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE by the process to any file.
>>>
>>> If the /dev/sgx/enclave mappings are MAP_SHARED and you aren't using an
>>> anonymous inode, then I would expect that only the FILE__WRITE and
>>> FILE__EXECUTE checks are relevant.
>>
>> Yep, I was just typing this up in a different thread:
>>
>> I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode for each
>> enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the /dev/sgx/enclave 
>> inode.
>> Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's file_map_prot_check()
>> will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() enclave 
>> VMAs
>> to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux treat
>> EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I think), e.g.
>> making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
>> 64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have default_noexec).
> 
> I don't think we want to require EXECMEM (or equivalently both 
> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave) for making any EPC 
> page executable, only if the page is also writable or previously 
> modified.  The intent is to prevent arbitrary code execution without 
> EXECMEM (or FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE), while still allowing enclaves to 
> be created without EXECMEM as long as the EPC page mapping is only ever 
> mapped RX and its initial contents came from an unmodified file mapping 
> that was PROT_EXEC (and hence already checked via FILE__EXECUTE).

Also, just to be clear, there is nothing inherently better about 
checking EXECMEM instead of checking both FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE 
to the /dev/sgx/enclave inode, so I wouldn't switch to using anon inodes 
for that reason.  Using anon inodes also unfortunately disables SELinux 
inode-based checking since we no longer have any useful inode 
information, so you'd lose out on SELinux ioctl whitelisting on those 
enclave inodes if that matters.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 16:37                                           ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-17 17:12                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 18:05                                               ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 17:29                                             ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-17 17:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes



> On May 17, 2019, at 9:37 AM, Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
> 
>> On 5/17/19 12:20 PM, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>> On 5/17/19 11:09 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 09:53:06AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>>>> On 5/16/19 6:23 PM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>>>>> I thought EXECMOD applied to files (and memory mappings backed by them) but
>>>>> I was probably wrong. It sounds like EXECMOD applies to the whole process so
>>>>> would allow all pages within a process's address space to be modified then
>>>>> executed, regardless the backing files. Am I correct this time?
>>>> 
>>>> No, you were correct the first time I think; EXECMOD is used to control
>>>> whether a process can make executable a private file mapping that has
>>>> previously been modified (e.g. text relocation); it is a special case to
>>>> support text relocations without having to allow full EXECMEM (i.e. execute
>>>> arbitrary memory).
>>>> 
>>>> SELinux checks relevant to W^X include:
>>>> 
>>>> - EXECMEM: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC an anonymous mapping (regardless of
>>>> PROT_WRITE, since we know the content has to have been written at some
>>>> point) or a private file mapping that is also PROT_WRITE.
>>>> - EXECMOD: mprotect PROT_EXEC a private file mapping that has been
>>>> previously modified, typically for text relocations,
>>>> - FILE__WRITE: mmap/mprotect PROT_WRITE a shared file mapping,
>>>> - FILE__EXECUTE: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC a file mapping.
>>>> 
>>>> (ignoring EXECSTACK and EXECHEAP here since they aren't really relevant to
>>>> this discussion)
>>>> 
>>>> So if you want to ensure W^X, then you wouldn't allow EXECMEM for the
>>>> process, EXECMOD by the process to any file, and the combination of both
>>>> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE by the process to any file.
>>>> 
>>>> If the /dev/sgx/enclave mappings are MAP_SHARED and you aren't using an
>>>> anonymous inode, then I would expect that only the FILE__WRITE and
>>>> FILE__EXECUTE checks are relevant.
>>> 
>>> Yep, I was just typing this up in a different thread:
>>> 
>>> I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode for each
>>> enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the /dev/sgx/enclave inode.
>>> Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's file_map_prot_check()
>>> will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() enclave VMAs
>>> to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux treat
>>> EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I think), e.g.
>>> making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
>>> 64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have default_noexec).
>> I don't think we want to require EXECMEM (or equivalently both FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave) for making any EPC page executable, only if the page is also writable or previously modified.  The intent is to prevent arbitrary code execution without EXECMEM (or FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE), while still allowing enclaves to be created without EXECMEM as long as the EPC page mapping is only ever mapped RX and its initial contents came from an unmodified file mapping that was PROT_EXEC (and hence already checked via FILE__EXECUTE).
> 
> Also, just to be clear, there is nothing inherently better about checking EXECMEM instead of checking both FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to the /dev/sgx/enclave inode, so I wouldn't switch to using anon inodes for that reason.  Using anon inodes also unfortunately disables SELinux inode-based checking since we no longer have any useful inode information, so you'd lose out on SELinux ioctl whitelisting on those enclave inodes if that matters.

How can that work?  Unless the API changes fairly radically, users fundamentally need to both write and execute the enclave.  Some of it will be written only from already executable pages, and some privilege should be needed to execute any enclave page that was not loaded like this.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 16:37                                           ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 17:12                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-17 17:29                                             ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 17:42                                               ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 17:43                                               ` Andy Lutomirski
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 17:29 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 12:37:40PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> On 5/17/19 12:20 PM, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> >On 5/17/19 11:09 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> >>I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode for each
> >>enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the /dev/sgx/enclave
> >>inode.
> >>Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's file_map_prot_check()
> >>will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() enclave
> >>VMAs
> >>to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux treat
> >>EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I think), e.g.
> >>making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
> >>64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have default_noexec).
> >
> >I don't think we want to require EXECMEM (or equivalently both FILE__WRITE
> >and FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave) for making any EPC page executable,
> >only if the page is also writable or previously modified.  The intent is
> >to prevent arbitrary code execution without EXECMEM (or
> >FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE), while still allowing enclaves to be created
> >without EXECMEM as long as the EPC page mapping is only ever mapped RX and
> >its initial contents came from an unmodified file mapping that was
> >PROT_EXEC (and hence already checked via FILE__EXECUTE).

The idea is that by providing an SGX ioctl() to propagate VMA permissions
from a source VMA, EXECMEM wouldn't be required to make an EPC page
executable.  E.g. userspace establishes an enclave in non-EPC memory from
an unmodified file (with FILE__EXECUTE perms), and the uses the SGX ioctl()
to copy the contents and permissions into EPC memory.

> Also, just to be clear, there is nothing inherently better about checking
> EXECMEM instead of checking both FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to the
> /dev/sgx/enclave inode, so I wouldn't switch to using anon inodes for that
> reason.  Using anon inodes also unfortunately disables SELinux inode-based
> checking since we no longer have any useful inode information, so you'd lose
> out on SELinux ioctl whitelisting on those enclave inodes if that matters.

The problem is that all enclaves are associated with a single inode, i.e.
/dev/sgx/enclave.  /dev/sgx/enclave is a char device whose purpose is to
provide ioctls() and to allow mmap()'ing EPC memory.  In no way is it
associated with the content that actually gets loaded into EPC memory.

The actual file that contains the enclave's contents (assuming the enclave
came from a file) is a separate regular file that the SGX subsystem never
sees.

AIUI, having FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE on /dev/sgx/enclave would allow
*any* enclave/process to map EPC as RWX.  Moving to anon inodes and thus
PROCESS__EXECMEM achieves per-process granularity.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 17:29                                             ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-17 17:42                                               ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 17:50                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 17:43                                               ` Andy Lutomirski
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-17 17:42 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/17/19 1:29 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 12:37:40PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>> On 5/17/19 12:20 PM, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>> On 5/17/19 11:09 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>>> I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode for each
>>>> enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the /dev/sgx/enclave
>>>> inode.
>>>> Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's file_map_prot_check()
>>>> will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() enclave
>>>> VMAs
>>>> to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux treat
>>>> EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I think), e.g.
>>>> making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
>>>> 64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have default_noexec).
>>>
>>> I don't think we want to require EXECMEM (or equivalently both FILE__WRITE
>>> and FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave) for making any EPC page executable,
>>> only if the page is also writable or previously modified.  The intent is
>>> to prevent arbitrary code execution without EXECMEM (or
>>> FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE), while still allowing enclaves to be created
>>> without EXECMEM as long as the EPC page mapping is only ever mapped RX and
>>> its initial contents came from an unmodified file mapping that was
>>> PROT_EXEC (and hence already checked via FILE__EXECUTE).
> 
> The idea is that by providing an SGX ioctl() to propagate VMA permissions
> from a source VMA, EXECMEM wouldn't be required to make an EPC page
> executable.  E.g. userspace establishes an enclave in non-EPC memory from
> an unmodified file (with FILE__EXECUTE perms), and the uses the SGX ioctl()
> to copy the contents and permissions into EPC memory.
> 
>> Also, just to be clear, there is nothing inherently better about checking
>> EXECMEM instead of checking both FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to the
>> /dev/sgx/enclave inode, so I wouldn't switch to using anon inodes for that
>> reason.  Using anon inodes also unfortunately disables SELinux inode-based
>> checking since we no longer have any useful inode information, so you'd lose
>> out on SELinux ioctl whitelisting on those enclave inodes if that matters.
> 
> The problem is that all enclaves are associated with a single inode, i.e.
> /dev/sgx/enclave.  /dev/sgx/enclave is a char device whose purpose is to
> provide ioctls() and to allow mmap()'ing EPC memory.  In no way is it
> associated with the content that actually gets loaded into EPC memory.
> 
> The actual file that contains the enclave's contents (assuming the enclave
> came from a file) is a separate regular file that the SGX subsystem never
> sees.
> 
> AIUI, having FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE on /dev/sgx/enclave would allow
> *any* enclave/process to map EPC as RWX.  Moving to anon inodes and thus
> PROCESS__EXECMEM achieves per-process granularity.
> 

No, FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE are a check between a process and a 
file, so you can ensure that only whitelisted processes are allowed both 
to /dev/sgx/enclave.


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 17:29                                             ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 17:42                                               ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-17 17:43                                               ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 17:55                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-17 17:43 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes



> On May 17, 2019, at 10:29 AM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> 
>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 12:37:40PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>> On 5/17/19 12:20 PM, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>>> On 5/17/19 11:09 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>>> I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode for each
>>>> enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the /dev/sgx/enclave
>>>> inode.
>>>> Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's file_map_prot_check()
>>>> will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() enclave
>>>> VMAs
>>>> to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux treat
>>>> EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I think), e.g.
>>>> making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
>>>> 64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have default_noexec).
>>> 
>>> I don't think we want to require EXECMEM (or equivalently both FILE__WRITE
>>> and FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave) for making any EPC page executable,
>>> only if the page is also writable or previously modified.  The intent is
>>> to prevent arbitrary code execution without EXECMEM (or
>>> FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE), while still allowing enclaves to be created
>>> without EXECMEM as long as the EPC page mapping is only ever mapped RX and
>>> its initial contents came from an unmodified file mapping that was
>>> PROT_EXEC (and hence already checked via FILE__EXECUTE).
> 
> The idea is that by providing an SGX ioctl() to propagate VMA permissions
> from a source VMA, EXECMEM wouldn't be required to make an EPC page
> executable.  E.g. userspace establishes an enclave in non-EPC memory from
> an unmodified file (with FILE__EXECUTE perms), and the uses the SGX ioctl()
> to copy the contents and permissions into EPC memory.
> 
>> Also, just to be clear, there is nothing inherently better about checking
>> EXECMEM instead of checking both FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to the
>> /dev/sgx/enclave inode, so I wouldn't switch to using anon inodes for that
>> reason.  Using anon inodes also unfortunately disables SELinux inode-based
>> checking since we no longer have any useful inode information, so you'd lose
>> out on SELinux ioctl whitelisting on those enclave inodes if that matters.
> 
> The problem is that all enclaves are associated with a single inode, i.e.
> /dev/sgx/enclave.  /dev/sgx/enclave is a char device whose purpose is to
> provide ioctls() and to allow mmap()'ing EPC memory.  In no way is it
> associated with the content that actually gets loaded into EPC memory.
> 
> The actual file that contains the enclave's contents (assuming the enclave
> came from a file) is a separate regular file that the SGX subsystem never
> sees.
> 
> AIUI, having FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE on /dev/sgx/enclave would allow
> *any* enclave/process to map EPC as RWX.  Moving to anon inodes and thus
> PROCESS__EXECMEM achieves per-process granularity.

How does anon_inode make any difference?  Anon_inode is not the same thing as anon_vma.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 17:42                                               ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-17 17:50                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 18:16                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 17:50 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 01:42:50PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> On 5/17/19 1:29 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> >AIUI, having FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE on /dev/sgx/enclave would allow
> >*any* enclave/process to map EPC as RWX.  Moving to anon inodes and thus
> >PROCESS__EXECMEM achieves per-process granularity.
> >
> 
> No, FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE are a check between a process and a file,
> so you can ensure that only whitelisted processes are allowed both to
> /dev/sgx/enclave.

Ah, so each process has its own FILE__* permissions for a specific set of
files?

Does that allow differentiating between a process making an EPC page RWX
and a process making two separate EPC pages RW and RX?

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 17:43                                               ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-17 17:55                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 18:04                                                   ` Linus Torvalds
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 17:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 10:43:01AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> 
> > On May 17, 2019, at 10:29 AM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > 
> > AIUI, having FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE on /dev/sgx/enclave would allow
> > *any* enclave/process to map EPC as RWX.  Moving to anon inodes and thus
> > PROCESS__EXECMEM achieves per-process granularity.
> 
> How does anon_inode make any difference?  Anon_inode is not the same thing as
> anon_vma.

In this snippet, IS_PRIVATE() is true for anon inodes, false for
/dev/sgx/enclave.  Because EPC memory is always shared, SELinux will never
check PROCESS__EXECMEM for mprotect() on/dev/sgx/enclave.

static int file_map_prot_check(struct file *file, unsigned long prot, int shared)
{
        const struct cred *cred = current_cred();
        u32 sid = cred_sid(cred);
        int rc = 0;

        if (default_noexec &&
            (prot & PROT_EXEC) && (!file || IS_PRIVATE(file_inode(file)) ||
                                   (!shared && (prot & PROT_WRITE)))) {
                /*
                 * We are making executable an anonymous mapping or a
                 * private file mapping that will also be writable.
                 * This has an additional check.
                 */
                rc = avc_has_perm(&selinux_state,
                                  sid, sid, SECCLASS_PROCESS,
                                  PROCESS__EXECMEM, NULL);
                if (rc)
                        goto error;
        }

	...
}

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 17:55                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-17 18:04                                                   ` Linus Torvalds
  2019-05-17 18:21                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Linus Torvalds @ 2019-05-17 18:04 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx,
	Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir,
	Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 10:55 AM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> In this snippet, IS_PRIVATE() is true for anon inodes, false for
> /dev/sgx/enclave.  Because EPC memory is always shared, SELinux will never
> check PROCESS__EXECMEM for mprotect() on/dev/sgx/enclave.

Why _does_ the memory have to be shared? Shared mmap() is
fundamentally less secure than private mmap, since by definition it
means "oh, somebody else has access to it too and might modify it
under us".

Why does the SGX logic care about things like that? Normal executables
are just private mappings of an underlying file, I'm not sure why the
SGX interface has to have that shared thing, and why the interface has
to have a device node in the first place when  you have system calls
for setup anyway.

So why don't the system calls just work on perfectly normal anonymous
mmap's? Why a device node, and why must it be shared to begin with?

                  Linus

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 17:12                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-17 18:05                                               ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 19:20                                                 ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 19:28                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-17 18:05 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/17/19 1:12 PM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> 
> 
>> On May 17, 2019, at 9:37 AM, Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
>>
>>> On 5/17/19 12:20 PM, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>>> On 5/17/19 11:09 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>>>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 09:53:06AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>>>>> On 5/16/19 6:23 PM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>>>>>> I thought EXECMOD applied to files (and memory mappings backed by them) but
>>>>>> I was probably wrong. It sounds like EXECMOD applies to the whole process so
>>>>>> would allow all pages within a process's address space to be modified then
>>>>>> executed, regardless the backing files. Am I correct this time?
>>>>>
>>>>> No, you were correct the first time I think; EXECMOD is used to control
>>>>> whether a process can make executable a private file mapping that has
>>>>> previously been modified (e.g. text relocation); it is a special case to
>>>>> support text relocations without having to allow full EXECMEM (i.e. execute
>>>>> arbitrary memory).
>>>>>
>>>>> SELinux checks relevant to W^X include:
>>>>>
>>>>> - EXECMEM: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC an anonymous mapping (regardless of
>>>>> PROT_WRITE, since we know the content has to have been written at some
>>>>> point) or a private file mapping that is also PROT_WRITE.
>>>>> - EXECMOD: mprotect PROT_EXEC a private file mapping that has been
>>>>> previously modified, typically for text relocations,
>>>>> - FILE__WRITE: mmap/mprotect PROT_WRITE a shared file mapping,
>>>>> - FILE__EXECUTE: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC a file mapping.
>>>>>
>>>>> (ignoring EXECSTACK and EXECHEAP here since they aren't really relevant to
>>>>> this discussion)
>>>>>
>>>>> So if you want to ensure W^X, then you wouldn't allow EXECMEM for the
>>>>> process, EXECMOD by the process to any file, and the combination of both
>>>>> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE by the process to any file.
>>>>>
>>>>> If the /dev/sgx/enclave mappings are MAP_SHARED and you aren't using an
>>>>> anonymous inode, then I would expect that only the FILE__WRITE and
>>>>> FILE__EXECUTE checks are relevant.
>>>>
>>>> Yep, I was just typing this up in a different thread:
>>>>
>>>> I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode for each
>>>> enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the /dev/sgx/enclave inode.
>>>> Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's file_map_prot_check()
>>>> will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() enclave VMAs
>>>> to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux treat
>>>> EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I think), e.g.
>>>> making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
>>>> 64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have default_noexec).
>>> I don't think we want to require EXECMEM (or equivalently both FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave) for making any EPC page executable, only if the page is also writable or previously modified.  The intent is to prevent arbitrary code execution without EXECMEM (or FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE), while still allowing enclaves to be created without EXECMEM as long as the EPC page mapping is only ever mapped RX and its initial contents came from an unmodified file mapping that was PROT_EXEC (and hence already checked via FILE__EXECUTE).
>>
>> Also, just to be clear, there is nothing inherently better about checking EXECMEM instead of checking both FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to the /dev/sgx/enclave inode, so I wouldn't switch to using anon inodes for that reason.  Using anon inodes also unfortunately disables SELinux inode-based checking since we no longer have any useful inode information, so you'd lose out on SELinux ioctl whitelisting on those enclave inodes if that matters.
> 
> How can that work?  Unless the API changes fairly radically, users fundamentally need to both write and execute the enclave.  Some of it will be written only from already executable pages, and some privilege should be needed to execute any enclave page that was not loaded like this.

I'm not sure what the API is. Let's say they do something like this:

fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDONLY);
addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
stuff addr into ioctl args
ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, &ioctlargs);
ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD_PAGE, &ioctlargs);
ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, &ioctlargs);

The important points are that they do not open /dev/sgx/enclave with 
write access (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at open time, and 
later encounter FILE__EXECUTE as well during mmap, thereby requiring 
both to be allowed to /dev/sgx/enclave), and that they do not request 
PROT_WRITE to the resulting mapping (otherwise they will trigger 
FILE__WRITE at mmap time).  Then only FILE__READ and FILE__EXECUTE are 
required to /dev/sgx/enclave in policy.

If they switch to an anon inode, then any mmap PROT_EXEC of the opened 
file will trigger an EXECMEM check, at least as currently implemented, 
as we have no useful backing inode information.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 17:50                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-17 18:16                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-17 18:16 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/17/19 1:50 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 01:42:50PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>> On 5/17/19 1:29 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>> AIUI, having FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE on /dev/sgx/enclave would allow
>>> *any* enclave/process to map EPC as RWX.  Moving to anon inodes and thus
>>> PROCESS__EXECMEM achieves per-process granularity.
>>>
>>
>> No, FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE are a check between a process and a file,
>> so you can ensure that only whitelisted processes are allowed both to
>> /dev/sgx/enclave.
> 
> Ah, so each process has its own FILE__* permissions for a specific set of
> files?

That's correct.

> Does that allow differentiating between a process making an EPC page RWX
> and a process making two separate EPC pages RW and RX?

Not if they are backed by the same inode, nor if they are all backed by 
anon inodes, at least not as currently implemented.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 18:04                                                   ` Linus Torvalds
@ 2019-05-17 18:21                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 18:33                                                       ` Linus Torvalds
  2019-05-17 18:53                                                       ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 18:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Linus Torvalds
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx,
	Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir,
	Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 11:04:22AM -0700, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 10:55 AM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > In this snippet, IS_PRIVATE() is true for anon inodes, false for
> > /dev/sgx/enclave.  Because EPC memory is always shared, SELinux will never
> > check PROCESS__EXECMEM for mprotect() on/dev/sgx/enclave.
> 
> Why _does_ the memory have to be shared? Shared mmap() is
> fundamentally less secure than private mmap, since by definition it
> means "oh, somebody else has access to it too and might modify it
> under us".
> 
> Why does the SGX logic care about things like that? Normal executables
> are just private mappings of an underlying file, I'm not sure why the
> SGX interface has to have that shared thing, and why the interface has
> to have a device node in the first place when  you have system calls
> for setup anyway.
> 
> So why don't the system calls just work on perfectly normal anonymous
> mmap's? Why a device node, and why must it be shared to begin with?

I agree that conceptually EPC is private memory, but because EPC is
managed as a separate memory pool, SGX tags it VM_PFNMAP and manually
inserts PFNs, i.e. EPC effectively it gets classified as IO memory. 

And vmf_insert_pfn_prot() doesn't like writable private IO mappings:

   BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 18:21                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-17 18:33                                                       ` Linus Torvalds
  2019-05-17 18:52                                                         ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 18:53                                                       ` Andy Lutomirski
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Linus Torvalds @ 2019-05-17 18:33 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx,
	Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir,
	Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 11:21 AM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> I agree that conceptually EPC is private memory, but because EPC is
> managed as a separate memory pool, SGX tags it VM_PFNMAP and manually
> inserts PFNs, i.e. EPC effectively it gets classified as IO memory.
>
> And vmf_insert_pfn_prot() doesn't like writable private IO mappings:
>
>    BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));

Hmm. I haven't looked into why you want to do your own page insertion
and not just "use existing pages", but I'm sure there's some reason.

It looks like the "shared vs private" inode part is a red herring,
though. You might as well give each opener of the sgx node its own
inode - and you probably should. Then you can keep track of the pages
that have been added in the inode->i_mapping, and you could avoid the
whole PFN thing entirely. I still am not a huge fan of the device node
in the first place, but I guess it's just one more place where a
system admin can then give (or deny) access to a kernel feature from
users. I guess the kvm people do the same thing, for not necessarily
any better reasons.

With the PFNMAP model I guess the SGX memory ends up being unswappable
- at least done the obvious way.

Again, the way I'd expect it to be done is as a shmem inode - that
would I think be a better model. But I think that's a largely internal
design decision, and the device node could just do that eventually
(and the mmap could just map the populated shmem information into
memory, no PFNMAP needed - the inode and the mapping could be
"read-only" as far as the _user_ is concerned, but the i_mapping then
gets populated by the ioctl's).

I have not actually looked at any of the SGX patches, so maybe you're
already doing something like that (although the PFNMAP comment makes
me think not), and quite possibly there's some fundamental reason why
you can't just use the shmem approach.

So my high-level reaction here may be just the rantings of somebody
who just isn't familiar with what you do. My "why not shmem and
regular mmap" questions come from a 30000ft view without knowing any
of the details.

                   Linus

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 18:33                                                       ` Linus Torvalds
@ 2019-05-17 18:52                                                         ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 18:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Linus Torvalds
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx,
	Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir,
	Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 11:33:30AM -0700, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 11:21 AM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > I agree that conceptually EPC is private memory, but because EPC is
> > managed as a separate memory pool, SGX tags it VM_PFNMAP and manually
> > inserts PFNs, i.e. EPC effectively it gets classified as IO memory.
> >
> > And vmf_insert_pfn_prot() doesn't like writable private IO mappings:
> >
> >    BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));
> 
> Hmm. I haven't looked into why you want to do your own page insertion
> and not just "use existing pages", but I'm sure there's some reason.

Outside of the SGX subsystem, the kernel is unaware of EPC memory, e.g.
BIOS enumerates it as reserved memory in the e820 tables, or not at all.

On current hardware, EPC is backed by system memory, but it's protected
by a range registers (and other stuff) and can't be accessed directly
except when the CPU is in "enclave mode", i.e. executing an enclave in
CPL3.  To execute an enclave it must first be built, and because EPC
memory can't be written outside of enclave mode, the only way to build
the enclave is via dedicated CPL0 ISA, e.g. ENCLS[EADD].

> It looks like the "shared vs private" inode part is a red herring,
> though. You might as well give each opener of the sgx node its own
> inode - and you probably should. Then you can keep track of the pages
> that have been added in the inode->i_mapping, and you could avoid the
> whole PFN thing entirely. I still am not a huge fan of the device node
> in the first place, but I guess it's just one more place where a
> system admin can then give (or deny) access to a kernel feature from
> users. I guess the kvm people do the same thing, for not necessarily
> any better reasons.
> 
> With the PFNMAP model I guess the SGX memory ends up being unswappable
> - at least done the obvious way.

EPC memory is swappable in it's own terms, e.g. pages can be swapped
from EPC to system RAM and vice versa, but again moving pages in and out
of the EPC can only be done through dedicated CPL0 ISA.  And there are
additional TLB flushing requirements, evicted pages need to be refcounted
against the enclave, evicted pages need an anchor in the EPC to ensure
freshness, etc...

Long story short, we decided to manage EPC in the SGX subsystem as a
separate memory pool rather than modify the kernel's MMU to teach it
how to deal with EPC.

> Again, the way I'd expect it to be done is as a shmem inode - that
> would I think be a better model. But I think that's a largely internal
> design decision, and the device node could just do that eventually
> (and the mmap could just map the populated shmem information into
> memory, no PFNMAP needed - the inode and the mapping could be
> "read-only" as far as the _user_ is concerned, but the i_mapping then
> gets populated by the ioctl's).
> 
> I have not actually looked at any of the SGX patches, so maybe you're
> already doing something like that (although the PFNMAP comment makes
> me think not), and quite possibly there's some fundamental reason why
> you can't just use the shmem approach.
> 
> So my high-level reaction here may be just the rantings of somebody
> who just isn't familiar with what you do. My "why not shmem and
> regular mmap" questions come from a 30000ft view without knowing any
> of the details.
> 
>                    Linus

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 18:21                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 18:33                                                       ` Linus Torvalds
@ 2019-05-17 18:53                                                       ` Andy Lutomirski
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-17 18:53 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Linus Torvalds, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx,
	Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir,
	Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes



> On May 17, 2019, at 11:21 AM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> 
>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 11:04:22AM -0700, Linus Torvalds wrote:
>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 10:55 AM Sean Christopherson
>> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>>> 
>>> In this snippet, IS_PRIVATE() is true for anon inodes, false for
>>> /dev/sgx/enclave.  Because EPC memory is always shared, SELinux will never
>>> check PROCESS__EXECMEM for mprotect() on/dev/sgx/enclave.
>> 
>> Why _does_ the memory have to be shared? Shared mmap() is
>> fundamentally less secure than private mmap, since by definition it
>> means "oh, somebody else has access to it too and might modify it
>> under us".
>> 
>> Why does the SGX logic care about things like that? Normal executables
>> are just private mappings of an underlying file, I'm not sure why the
>> SGX interface has to have that shared thing, and why the interface has
>> to have a device node in the first place when  you have system calls
>> for setup anyway.
>> 
>> So why don't the system calls just work on perfectly normal anonymous
>> mmap's? Why a device node, and why must it be shared to begin with?
> 
> I agree that conceptually EPC is private memory, but because EPC is
> managed as a separate memory pool, SGX tags it VM_PFNMAP and manually
> inserts PFNs, i.e. EPC effectively it gets classified as IO memory. 
> 
> And vmf_insert_pfn_prot() doesn't like writable private IO mappings:
> 
>   BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));

I don’t see how it could be anonymous even in principle.  The kernel can’t *read* the memory — how could we possibly CoW it?  And we can’t share an RO backing pages between two different enclaves because the CPU won’t let us — each EPC page belongs to a particular enclave.  And fork()ing an enclave is right out.

So I agree that MAP_ANONYMOUS would be nice conceptually, but I don’t see how it would work.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 18:05                                               ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-17 19:20                                                 ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 19:28                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-17 19:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/17/19 2:05 PM, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> On 5/17/19 1:12 PM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>
>>
>>> On May 17, 2019, at 9:37 AM, Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
>>>
>>>> On 5/17/19 12:20 PM, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>>>> On 5/17/19 11:09 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>>>>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 09:53:06AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>>>>>> On 5/16/19 6:23 PM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>>>>>>> I thought EXECMOD applied to files (and memory mappings backed by 
>>>>>>> them) but
>>>>>>> I was probably wrong. It sounds like EXECMOD applies to the whole 
>>>>>>> process so
>>>>>>> would allow all pages within a process's address space to be 
>>>>>>> modified then
>>>>>>> executed, regardless the backing files. Am I correct this time?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> No, you were correct the first time I think; EXECMOD is used to 
>>>>>> control
>>>>>> whether a process can make executable a private file mapping that has
>>>>>> previously been modified (e.g. text relocation); it is a special 
>>>>>> case to
>>>>>> support text relocations without having to allow full EXECMEM 
>>>>>> (i.e. execute
>>>>>> arbitrary memory).
>>>>>>
>>>>>> SELinux checks relevant to W^X include:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> - EXECMEM: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC an anonymous mapping 
>>>>>> (regardless of
>>>>>> PROT_WRITE, since we know the content has to have been written at 
>>>>>> some
>>>>>> point) or a private file mapping that is also PROT_WRITE.
>>>>>> - EXECMOD: mprotect PROT_EXEC a private file mapping that has been
>>>>>> previously modified, typically for text relocations,
>>>>>> - FILE__WRITE: mmap/mprotect PROT_WRITE a shared file mapping,
>>>>>> - FILE__EXECUTE: mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC a file mapping.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> (ignoring EXECSTACK and EXECHEAP here since they aren't really 
>>>>>> relevant to
>>>>>> this discussion)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> So if you want to ensure W^X, then you wouldn't allow EXECMEM for the
>>>>>> process, EXECMOD by the process to any file, and the combination 
>>>>>> of both
>>>>>> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE by the process to any file.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> If the /dev/sgx/enclave mappings are MAP_SHARED and you aren't 
>>>>>> using an
>>>>>> anonymous inode, then I would expect that only the FILE__WRITE and
>>>>>> FILE__EXECUTE checks are relevant.
>>>>>
>>>>> Yep, I was just typing this up in a different thread:
>>>>>
>>>>> I think we may want to change the SGX API to alloc an anon inode 
>>>>> for each
>>>>> enclave instead of hanging every enclave off of the 
>>>>> /dev/sgx/enclave inode.
>>>>> Because /dev/sgx/enclave is NOT private, SELinux's 
>>>>> file_map_prot_check()
>>>>> will only require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to mprotect() 
>>>>> enclave VMAs
>>>>> to RWX.  Backing each enclave with an anon inode will make SELinux 
>>>>> treat
>>>>> EPC memory like anonymous mappings, which is what we want (I 
>>>>> think), e.g.
>>>>> making *any* EPC page executable will require PROCESS__EXECMEM (SGX is
>>>>> 64-bit only at this point, so SELinux will always have 
>>>>> default_noexec).
>>>> I don't think we want to require EXECMEM (or equivalently both 
>>>> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave) for making any 
>>>> EPC page executable, only if the page is also writable or previously 
>>>> modified.  The intent is to prevent arbitrary code execution without 
>>>> EXECMEM (or FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE), while still allowing 
>>>> enclaves to be created without EXECMEM as long as the EPC page 
>>>> mapping is only ever mapped RX and its initial contents came from an 
>>>> unmodified file mapping that was PROT_EXEC (and hence already 
>>>> checked via FILE__EXECUTE).
>>>
>>> Also, just to be clear, there is nothing inherently better about 
>>> checking EXECMEM instead of checking both FILE__WRITE and 
>>> FILE__EXECUTE to the /dev/sgx/enclave inode, so I wouldn't switch to 
>>> using anon inodes for that reason.  Using anon inodes also 
>>> unfortunately disables SELinux inode-based checking since we no 
>>> longer have any useful inode information, so you'd lose out on 
>>> SELinux ioctl whitelisting on those enclave inodes if that matters.
>>
>> How can that work?  Unless the API changes fairly radically, users 
>> fundamentally need to both write and execute the enclave.  Some of it 
>> will be written only from already executable pages, and some privilege 
>> should be needed to execute any enclave page that was not loaded like 
>> this.
> 
> I'm not sure what the API is. Let's say they do something like this:
> 
> fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDONLY);
> addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
> stuff addr into ioctl args
> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, &ioctlargs);
> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD_PAGE, &ioctlargs);
> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, &ioctlargs);
> 
> The important points are that they do not open /dev/sgx/enclave with 
> write access (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at open time, and 
> later encounter FILE__EXECUTE as well during mmap, thereby requiring 
> both to be allowed to /dev/sgx/enclave), and that they do not request 
> PROT_WRITE to the resulting mapping (otherwise they will trigger 
> FILE__WRITE at mmap time).  Then only FILE__READ and FILE__EXECUTE are 
> required to /dev/sgx/enclave in policy.
> 
> If they switch to an anon inode, then any mmap PROT_EXEC of the opened 
> file will trigger an EXECMEM check, at least as currently implemented, 
> as we have no useful backing inode information.

FWIW, looking at the selftest for SGX in the patch series, they open 
/dev/sgx/enclave O_RDWR (probably not necessary?) and mmap the open file 
RWX.  If that is necessary then I'd rather it show up as FILE__WRITE and 
FILE__EXECUTE to /dev/sgx/enclave instead of EXECMEM, so that we can 
allow the process the ability to perform that mmap without allowing it 
to make other mappings WX.  So staying with the single /dev/sgx/enclave 
inode is better in that regard.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 18:05                                               ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 19:20                                                 ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-17 19:28                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17 20:09                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 19:28 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 02:05:39PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> On 5/17/19 1:12 PM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> >
> >How can that work?  Unless the API changes fairly radically, users
> >fundamentally need to both write and execute the enclave.  Some of it will
> >be written only from already executable pages, and some privilege should be
> >needed to execute any enclave page that was not loaded like this.
> 
> I'm not sure what the API is. Let's say they do something like this:
> 
> fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDONLY);
> addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
> stuff addr into ioctl args
> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, &ioctlargs);
> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD_PAGE, &ioctlargs);
> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, &ioctlargs);

That's rougly the flow, except that that all enclaves need to have RW and
X EPC pages.

> The important points are that they do not open /dev/sgx/enclave with write
> access (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at open time, and later
> encounter FILE__EXECUTE as well during mmap, thereby requiring both to be
> allowed to /dev/sgx/enclave), and that they do not request PROT_WRITE to the
> resulting mapping (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at mmap time).
> Then only FILE__READ and FILE__EXECUTE are required to /dev/sgx/enclave in
> policy.
> 
> If they switch to an anon inode, then any mmap PROT_EXEC of the opened file
> will trigger an EXECMEM check, at least as currently implemented, as we have
> no useful backing inode information.

Yep, and that's by design in the overall proposal.  The trick is that
ENCLAVE_ADD takes a source VMA and copies the contents *and* the
permissions from the source VMA.  The source VMA points at regular memory
that was mapped and populated using existing mechanisms for loading DSOs.

E.g. at a high level:

source_fd = open("/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave", O_RDONLY);
for_each_chunk {
        <hand waving - mmap()/mprotect() the enclave file into regular memory>
}

enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR); /* allocs anon inode */
enclave_addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);

ioctl(enclave_fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, {enclave_addr});
for_each_chunk {
        struct sgx_enclave_add ioctlargs = {
                .offset = chunk.offset,
                .source = chunk.addr,
                .size   = chunk.size,
                .type   = chunk.type, /* SGX specific metadata */
        }
        ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD, &ioctlargs); /* modifies enclave's VMAs */
}
ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, ...);


Userspace never explicitly requests PROT_EXEC on enclave_fd, but SGX also
ensures userspace isn't bypassing LSM policies by virtue of copying the
permissions for EPC VMAs from regular VMAs that have already gone through
LSM checks.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 19:28                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-17 20:09                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 20:14                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 21:36                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-17 20:09 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/17/19 3:28 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 02:05:39PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>> On 5/17/19 1:12 PM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>>
>>> How can that work?  Unless the API changes fairly radically, users
>>> fundamentally need to both write and execute the enclave.  Some of it will
>>> be written only from already executable pages, and some privilege should be
>>> needed to execute any enclave page that was not loaded like this.
>>
>> I'm not sure what the API is. Let's say they do something like this:
>>
>> fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDONLY);
>> addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
>> stuff addr into ioctl args
>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, &ioctlargs);
>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD_PAGE, &ioctlargs);
>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, &ioctlargs);
> 
> That's rougly the flow, except that that all enclaves need to have RW and
> X EPC pages.
> 
>> The important points are that they do not open /dev/sgx/enclave with write
>> access (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at open time, and later
>> encounter FILE__EXECUTE as well during mmap, thereby requiring both to be
>> allowed to /dev/sgx/enclave), and that they do not request PROT_WRITE to the
>> resulting mapping (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at mmap time).
>> Then only FILE__READ and FILE__EXECUTE are required to /dev/sgx/enclave in
>> policy.
>>
>> If they switch to an anon inode, then any mmap PROT_EXEC of the opened file
>> will trigger an EXECMEM check, at least as currently implemented, as we have
>> no useful backing inode information.
> 
> Yep, and that's by design in the overall proposal.  The trick is that
> ENCLAVE_ADD takes a source VMA and copies the contents *and* the
> permissions from the source VMA.  The source VMA points at regular memory
> that was mapped and populated using existing mechanisms for loading DSOs.
> 
> E.g. at a high level:
> 
> source_fd = open("/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave", O_RDONLY);
> for_each_chunk {
>          <hand waving - mmap()/mprotect() the enclave file into regular memory>
> }
> 
> enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR); /* allocs anon inode */
> enclave_addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
> 
> ioctl(enclave_fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, {enclave_addr});
> for_each_chunk {
>          struct sgx_enclave_add ioctlargs = {
>                  .offset = chunk.offset,
>                  .source = chunk.addr,
>                  .size   = chunk.size,
>                  .type   = chunk.type, /* SGX specific metadata */
>          }
>          ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD, &ioctlargs); /* modifies enclave's VMAs */
> }
> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, ...);
> 
> 
> Userspace never explicitly requests PROT_EXEC on enclave_fd, but SGX also
> ensures userspace isn't bypassing LSM policies by virtue of copying the
> permissions for EPC VMAs from regular VMAs that have already gone through
> LSM checks.

Is O_RDWR required for /dev/sgx/enclave or would O_RDONLY suffice?  Do 
you do anything other than ioctl() calls on it?

What's the advantage of allocating an anon inode in the above?  At 
present anon inodes are exempted from inode-based checking, thereby 
losing the ability to perform SELinux ioctl whitelisting, unlike the 
file-backed /dev/sgx/enclave inode.

How would SELinux (or other security modules) restrict the authorized 
enclaves that can be loaded via this interface?  Would the sgx driver 
invoke a new LSM hook with the regular/source VMAs as parameters and 
allow the security module to reject the ENCLAVE_ADD operation?  That 
could be just based on the vm_file (e.g. whitelist what enclave files 
are permitted in general) or it could be based on both the process and 
the vm_file (e.g. only allow specific enclaves to be loaded into 
specific processes).

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 20:09                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-17 20:14                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 20:34                                                       ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 21:36                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-17 20:14 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes


> On May 17, 2019, at 1:09 PM, Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
> 
>> On 5/17/19 3:28 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 02:05:39PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>>> On 5/17/19 1:12 PM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> How can that work?  Unless the API changes fairly radically, users
>>>> fundamentally need to both write and execute the enclave.  Some of it will
>>>> be written only from already executable pages, and some privilege should be
>>>> needed to execute any enclave page that was not loaded like this.
>>> 
>>> I'm not sure what the API is. Let's say they do something like this:
>>> 
>>> fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDONLY);
>>> addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
>>> stuff addr into ioctl args
>>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, &ioctlargs);
>>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD_PAGE, &ioctlargs);
>>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, &ioctlargs);
>> That's rougly the flow, except that that all enclaves need to have RW and
>> X EPC pages.
>>> The important points are that they do not open /dev/sgx/enclave with write
>>> access (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at open time, and later
>>> encounter FILE__EXECUTE as well during mmap, thereby requiring both to be
>>> allowed to /dev/sgx/enclave), and that they do not request PROT_WRITE to the
>>> resulting mapping (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at mmap time).
>>> Then only FILE__READ and FILE__EXECUTE are required to /dev/sgx/enclave in
>>> policy.
>>> 
>>> If they switch to an anon inode, then any mmap PROT_EXEC of the opened file
>>> will trigger an EXECMEM check, at least as currently implemented, as we have
>>> no useful backing inode information.
>> Yep, and that's by design in the overall proposal.  The trick is that
>> ENCLAVE_ADD takes a source VMA and copies the contents *and* the
>> permissions from the source VMA.  The source VMA points at regular memory
>> that was mapped and populated using existing mechanisms for loading DSOs.
>> E.g. at a high level:
>> source_fd = open("/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave", O_RDONLY);
>> for_each_chunk {
>>         <hand waving - mmap()/mprotect() the enclave file into regular memory>
>> }
>> enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR); /* allocs anon inode */
>> enclave_addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
>> ioctl(enclave_fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, {enclave_addr});
>> for_each_chunk {
>>         struct sgx_enclave_add ioctlargs = {
>>                 .offset = chunk.offset,
>>                 .source = chunk.addr,
>>                 .size   = chunk.size,
>>                 .type   = chunk.type, /* SGX specific metadata */
>>         }
>>         ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD, &ioctlargs); /* modifies enclave's VMAs */
>> }
>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, ...);
>> Userspace never explicitly requests PROT_EXEC on enclave_fd, but SGX also
>> ensures userspace isn't bypassing LSM policies by virtue of copying the
>> permissions for EPC VMAs from regular VMAs that have already gone through
>> LSM checks.
> 
> Is O_RDWR required for /dev/sgx/enclave or would O_RDONLY suffice?  Do you do anything other than ioctl() calls on it?
> 
> What's the advantage of allocating an anon inode in the above?  At present anon inodes are exempted from inode-based checking, thereby losing the ability to perform SELinux ioctl whitelisting, unlike the file-backed /dev/sgx/enclave inode.
> 
> How would SELinux (or other security modules) restrict the authorized enclaves that can be loaded via this interface?  Would the sgx driver invoke a new LSM hook with the regular/source VMAs as parameters and allow the security module to reject the ENCLAVE_ADD operation?  That could be just based on the vm_file (e.g. whitelist what enclave files are permitted in general) or it could be based on both the process and the vm_file (e.g. only allow specific enclaves to be loaded into specific processes).

This is the idea behind the .sigstruct file. The driver could call a new hook to approve or reject the .sigstruct. The sigstruct contains a hash of the whole enclave and a signature by the author.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 20:14                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-17 20:34                                                       ` Stephen Smalley
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-17 20:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/17/19 4:14 PM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> 
>> On May 17, 2019, at 1:09 PM, Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
>>
>>> On 5/17/19 3:28 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>>> On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 02:05:39PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>>>> On 5/17/19 1:12 PM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> How can that work?  Unless the API changes fairly radically, users
>>>>> fundamentally need to both write and execute the enclave.  Some of it will
>>>>> be written only from already executable pages, and some privilege should be
>>>>> needed to execute any enclave page that was not loaded like this.
>>>>
>>>> I'm not sure what the API is. Let's say they do something like this:
>>>>
>>>> fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDONLY);
>>>> addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
>>>> stuff addr into ioctl args
>>>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, &ioctlargs);
>>>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD_PAGE, &ioctlargs);
>>>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, &ioctlargs);
>>> That's rougly the flow, except that that all enclaves need to have RW and
>>> X EPC pages.
>>>> The important points are that they do not open /dev/sgx/enclave with write
>>>> access (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at open time, and later
>>>> encounter FILE__EXECUTE as well during mmap, thereby requiring both to be
>>>> allowed to /dev/sgx/enclave), and that they do not request PROT_WRITE to the
>>>> resulting mapping (otherwise they will trigger FILE__WRITE at mmap time).
>>>> Then only FILE__READ and FILE__EXECUTE are required to /dev/sgx/enclave in
>>>> policy.
>>>>
>>>> If they switch to an anon inode, then any mmap PROT_EXEC of the opened file
>>>> will trigger an EXECMEM check, at least as currently implemented, as we have
>>>> no useful backing inode information.
>>> Yep, and that's by design in the overall proposal.  The trick is that
>>> ENCLAVE_ADD takes a source VMA and copies the contents *and* the
>>> permissions from the source VMA.  The source VMA points at regular memory
>>> that was mapped and populated using existing mechanisms for loading DSOs.
>>> E.g. at a high level:
>>> source_fd = open("/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave", O_RDONLY);
>>> for_each_chunk {
>>>          <hand waving - mmap()/mprotect() the enclave file into regular memory>
>>> }
>>> enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR); /* allocs anon inode */
>>> enclave_addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
>>> ioctl(enclave_fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, {enclave_addr});
>>> for_each_chunk {
>>>          struct sgx_enclave_add ioctlargs = {
>>>                  .offset = chunk.offset,
>>>                  .source = chunk.addr,
>>>                  .size   = chunk.size,
>>>                  .type   = chunk.type, /* SGX specific metadata */
>>>          }
>>>          ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD, &ioctlargs); /* modifies enclave's VMAs */
>>> }
>>> ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, ...);
>>> Userspace never explicitly requests PROT_EXEC on enclave_fd, but SGX also
>>> ensures userspace isn't bypassing LSM policies by virtue of copying the
>>> permissions for EPC VMAs from regular VMAs that have already gone through
>>> LSM checks.
>>
>> Is O_RDWR required for /dev/sgx/enclave or would O_RDONLY suffice?  Do you do anything other than ioctl() calls on it?
>>
>> What's the advantage of allocating an anon inode in the above?  At present anon inodes are exempted from inode-based checking, thereby losing the ability to perform SELinux ioctl whitelisting, unlike the file-backed /dev/sgx/enclave inode.
>>
>> How would SELinux (or other security modules) restrict the authorized enclaves that can be loaded via this interface?  Would the sgx driver invoke a new LSM hook with the regular/source VMAs as parameters and allow the security module to reject the ENCLAVE_ADD operation?  That could be just based on the vm_file (e.g. whitelist what enclave files are permitted in general) or it could be based on both the process and the vm_file (e.g. only allow specific enclaves to be loaded into specific processes).
> 
> This is the idea behind the .sigstruct file. The driver could call a new hook to approve or reject the .sigstruct. The sigstruct contains a hash of the whole enclave and a signature by the author.

Ok, so same idea but moved to ENCLAVE_INIT and passing the vma or file 
for the sigstruct instead of the enclave.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 20:09                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-17 20:14                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-17 21:36                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-17 21:36 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 04:09:22PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> On 5/17/19 3:28 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> >On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 02:05:39PM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> >Yep, and that's by design in the overall proposal.  The trick is that
> >ENCLAVE_ADD takes a source VMA and copies the contents *and* the
> >permissions from the source VMA.  The source VMA points at regular memory
> >that was mapped and populated using existing mechanisms for loading DSOs.
> >
> >E.g. at a high level:
> >
> >source_fd = open("/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave", O_RDONLY);
> >for_each_chunk {
> >         <hand waving - mmap()/mprotect() the enclave file into regular memory>
> >}
> >
> >enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR); /* allocs anon inode */
> >enclave_addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
> >
> >ioctl(enclave_fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, {enclave_addr});
> >for_each_chunk {
> >         struct sgx_enclave_add ioctlargs = {
> >                 .offset = chunk.offset,
> >                 .source = chunk.addr,
> >                 .size   = chunk.size,
> >                 .type   = chunk.type, /* SGX specific metadata */
> >         }
> >         ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD, &ioctlargs); /* modifies enclave's VMAs */
> >}
> >ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, ...);
> >
> >
> >Userspace never explicitly requests PROT_EXEC on enclave_fd, but SGX also
> >ensures userspace isn't bypassing LSM policies by virtue of copying the
> >permissions for EPC VMAs from regular VMAs that have already gone through
> >LSM checks.
> 
> Is O_RDWR required for /dev/sgx/enclave or would O_RDONLY suffice?  Do you
> do anything other than ioctl() calls on it?

Hmm, in the current implementation, yes, O_RDWR is required.  An enclave
and its associated EPC memory are represented and referenced by its fd,
which is backed by /dev/sgx/enclave.  An enclave is not just code, e.g.
also has a heap, stack, variables, etc..., which need to be mapped
accordingly.  In the current implementation, userspace directly does
mprotect() or mmap() on EPC VMAs, and so setting PROT_WRITE for the heap
and whatnot requires opening /dev/sgx/enclave with O_RDWR.

I *think* /dev/sgx/enclave could be opened O_RDONLY if ENCLAVE_ADD stuffed
the EPC VMA permissions, assuming the use case doesn't require changing
permissions after the enclave has been created.

The other reason userspace would need to open /dev/sgx/enclave O_RDWR
would be to debug an enclave, e.g. pwrite() works on the enclave fd due
to SGX restrictions on modifying EPC memory from outside the enclave.
But that's an obvious case where FILE__WRITE should be required.

> What's the advantage of allocating an anon inode in the above?  At present
> anon inodes are exempted from inode-based checking, thereby losing the
> ability to perform SELinux ioctl whitelisting, unlike the file-backed
> /dev/sgx/enclave inode.

Purely to trigger the EXECMEM check on any PROT_EXEC mapping.  However,
the motiviation for that was due to my bad assumption that FILE__WRITE
and FILE__EXECUTE are global and not per process.  If we can do as you
suggest and allow creation of enclaves with O_RDONLY, then keeping a
file-backed inode is definitely better as it means most processes only
need FILE__READ and FILE__* in general has actual meaning.

Thanks a bunch for your help!

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16  7:24                               ` James Morris
  2019-05-16 21:00                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-20  9:38                                 ` Dr. Greg
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Dr. Greg @ 2019-05-20  9:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: James Morris
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Sean Christopherson, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 05:24:33PM +1000, James Morris wrote:

Good morning, I hope everyone had a pleasant weekend.

James, I believe the last time our paths crossed was at the Linux
Security Summit in Seattle, I trust you have been well since then.

> On Wed, 15 May 2019, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> 
> > On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 3:46 PM James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> wrote:
> > >
> > > You could try user.sigstruct, which does not require any privs.
> > >
> > 
> > I don't think I understand your proposal.  What file would this
> > attribute be on?  What would consume it?

> It would be on the enclave file, so you keep the sigstruct bound to
> it, rather than needing a separate file to manage.  It would
> simplify any LSM policy check.
>
> It would be consumed by (I guess) the SGX_INIT_THE_ENCLAVE ioctl in your 
> example, instead of having a 2nd fd.

I've watched this discussion regarding LSM, sigstructs and file
descriptors with some fascination, since all of this infrastructure
already exists and should be well understood by anyone who has been
active in SGX runtime development.  There would thus seem to be a
disconnect between SGX driver developers and the consumers of the
services of the driver.

The existing enclave format, codified by the silo within Intel that is
responsible for the existing SDK/PSW, implements a notes section
stored inside a standard ELF shared library image.  The notes section
contains a significant amount of metadata that is used to direct the
instantiation of what will be the initialized enclave image.  Said
metadata includes a copy of the sigstruct that was generated when the
enclave was signed, which is the event that triggers metadata
generation.

All of this means that any enclave that gets loaded effectively
triggers both LSM and IMA checks.

James, if you remember, the paper that we presented in Seattle
described the initial implementation of an extension to the Linux IMA
infrastructure that tracks whether or not processes can be 'trusted'.
That work has gone on to include running the trust modeling and
disciplining engine inside of a namespace specific SGX enclave.  We
would be happy to make available execution trajectory logs that
clearly document IMA and LSM checks being conducted on enclaves.

There is a strong probability that we will be maintaining and
supporting a modified version of whatever driver that goes upstream.
In support of this we are putting together a white paper discussing
security architecture concerns inherent in an SGX driver.  With the
intent of avoiding LKML verbosity we will post a URL to the paper when
it is available if there is interest.

The issue of EDMM has already come up, suffice it to say that EDMM
makes LSM inspection of enclave content, while desirable, largely
irrelevant from a security perspective.

> James Morris

Best wishes for a productive week.

Dr. Greg

As always,
Dr. G.W. Wettstein, Ph.D.   Enjellic Systems Development, LLC.
4206 N. 19th Ave.           Specializing in information infra-structure
Fargo, ND  58102            development.
PH: 701-281-1686            EMAIL: greg@enjellic.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"If you plugged up your nose and mouth right before you sneezed, would
 the sneeze go out your ears or would your head explode?  Either way I'm
 afraid to try."
                                -- Nick Kean

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16 22:45                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-16 23:29                             ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-20 11:29                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-20 11:29 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 03:45:50PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 02:02:58PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > On May 15, 2019, at 10:16 PM, Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> wrote:
> > > There is a problem here though. Usually the enclave itself is just a
> > > loader that then loads the application from outside source and creates
> > > the executable pages from the content.
> > >
> > > A great example of this is Graphene that bootstraps unmodified Linux
> > > applications to an enclave:
> > >
> > > https://github.com/oscarlab/graphene
> > >
> > 
> > ISTM you should need EXECMEM or similar to run Graphene, then.
> 
> Agreed, Graphene is effectively running arbitrary enclave code.  I'm
> guessing there is nothing that prevents extending/reworking Graphene to
> allow generating the enclave ahead of time so as to avoid populating the
> guts of the enclave at runtime, i.e. it's likely possible to run an
> unmodified application in an enclave without EXECMEM if that's something
> Graphene or its users really care about.

I'd guess that also people adding SGX support to containers want
somewhat similar framework to work on so that you can just wrap a
container with an enclave.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-16 21:02                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-16 22:45                           ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-20 11:33                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-20 11:33 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 02:02:58PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> That certainly *could* be done, and I guess the decision could be left
> to the LSMs, but I'm not convinced this adds value.  What security use
> case does this cover that isn't already covered by requiring EXECUTE
> (e.g. lib_t) on the enclave file and some new SIGSTRUCT right on the
> .sigstruct?

I guess you are right as SIGSTRUCT completely shields the memory layout
and contents of an enclave.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17  0:03                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-17  0:26                         ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-20 11:36                         ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-20 11:36 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 05:03:31PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> The SGX ioctl() would need to take mmap_sem for write, but we can mitigate
> that issue by changing the ioctl() to take a range of memory instead of a
> single page.  That'd also provide "EADD batching" that folks have
> requested.

This should be easy enough to add as the EADD operations are already
batched internally to a worker thread.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17  0:26                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-17 15:41                           ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-20 11:41                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-21 15:19                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-20 11:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 05:26:15PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> Is userspace actually requred to mmap() the enclave prior to EADDing things?

Nope, not since v20. Here is what I wrote about API to the kernel
documentation:

"The enclave life-cycle starts by opening `/dev/sgx/enclave`. After this
there is already a data structure inside kernel tracking the enclave
that is initially uncreated. After this a set of ioctl's can be used to
create, populate and initialize the enclave.

You can close (if you want) the fd after you've mmap()'d. As long as the
file is open the enclave stays alive so you might want to do that after
you don't need it anymore. Even munmap() won't destruct the enclave if
the file is open.  Neither will closing the fd as long as you have
mmap() done over the fd (even if it does not across the range defined in
SECS)."

Enclave can be created and initialized without doing a single mmap()
call.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-17 15:41                           ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-20 11:42                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-20 11:42 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 17, 2019 at 08:41:28AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> It was a requirement prior to the API rework in v20, i.e. unless someone
> was really quick on the draw after the v20 update all existing userspace
> implementations mmap() the enclave before ECREATE.   Requiring a valid
> enclave VMA for EADD shoudn't be too onerous.

Still underlining: it is not required.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-20 11:41                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-05-21 15:19                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-21 15:24                               ` Jethro Beekman
  2019-05-21 15:51                               ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-21 15:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Mon, May 20, 2019 at 02:41:05PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 05:26:15PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > Is userspace actually requred to mmap() the enclave prior to EADDing things?
> 
> Nope, not since v20. Here is what I wrote about API to the kernel
> documentation:
> 
> "The enclave life-cycle starts by opening `/dev/sgx/enclave`. After this
> there is already a data structure inside kernel tracking the enclave
> that is initially uncreated. After this a set of ioctl's can be used to
> create, populate and initialize the enclave.
> 
> You can close (if you want) the fd after you've mmap()'d. As long as the
> file is open the enclave stays alive so you might want to do that after
> you don't need it anymore. Even munmap() won't destruct the enclave if
> the file is open.  Neither will closing the fd as long as you have
> mmap() done over the fd (even if it does not across the range defined in
> SECS)."
> 
> Enclave can be created and initialized without doing a single mmap()
> call.

We could even disallow mmap() before EINIT done. The way enclave
management internally works right now is quite robust and completely
detached from requiring process address space for anything.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-21 15:19                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-05-21 15:24                               ` Jethro Beekman
  2019-05-22 13:10                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-21 15:51                               ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jethro Beekman @ 2019-05-21 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jarkko Sakkinen, Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Xing, Cedric,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 275 bytes --]

On 2019-05-21 08:19, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> We could even disallow mmap() before EINIT done.
This would be extremely annoying in software because now you have to 
save the all the page permissions somewhere between EADD and mprotect.

--
Jethro Beekman | Fortanix


[-- Attachment #2: S/MIME Cryptographic Signature --]
[-- Type: application/pkcs7-signature, Size: 3990 bytes --]

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-21 15:19                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-21 15:24                               ` Jethro Beekman
@ 2019-05-21 15:51                               ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-22 13:20                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-21 15:51 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jarkko Sakkinen
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Tue, May 21, 2019 at 06:19:37PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> On Mon, May 20, 2019 at 02:41:05PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > On Thu, May 16, 2019 at 05:26:15PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > Is userspace actually requred to mmap() the enclave prior to EADDing things?
> > 
> > Nope, not since v20. Here is what I wrote about API to the kernel
> > documentation:
> > 
> > "The enclave life-cycle starts by opening `/dev/sgx/enclave`. After this
> > there is already a data structure inside kernel tracking the enclave
> > that is initially uncreated. After this a set of ioctl's can be used to
> > create, populate and initialize the enclave.
> > 
> > You can close (if you want) the fd after you've mmap()'d. As long as the
> > file is open the enclave stays alive so you might want to do that after
> > you don't need it anymore. Even munmap() won't destruct the enclave if
> > the file is open.  Neither will closing the fd as long as you have
> > mmap() done over the fd (even if it does not across the range defined in
> > SECS)."
> > 
> > Enclave can be created and initialized without doing a single mmap()
> > call.
> 
> We could even disallow mmap() before EINIT done. The way enclave
> management internally works right now is quite robust and completely
> detached from requiring process address space for anything.

Except that mmap() is more or less required to guarantee that ELRANGE
established by ECREATE is available.  And we want to disallow mmap() as
soon as the first EADD is done so that userspace can't remap the enclave's
VMAs via munmap()->mmap() and gain execute permissions to pages that were
EADD'd as NX.

Actually, conceptually it's probably more intuitive to disallow mmap() at
ECREATE, i.e. the act of creating an enclave pins the associated virtual
address range until the enclave is destroyed.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-21 15:24                               ` Jethro Beekman
@ 2019-05-22 13:10                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-22 13:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jethro Beekman
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Sean Christopherson, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley,
	Eric Paris, selinux, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Tue, May 21, 2019 at 03:24:18PM +0000, Jethro Beekman wrote:
> On 2019-05-21 08:19, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > We could even disallow mmap() before EINIT done.
> This would be extremely annoying in software because now you have to save
> the all the page permissions somewhere between EADD and mprotect.

Actually you don't have to use mprotect anymore that much.

You can just do multiple mmap's even with v20 after EINIT, one
for each region (albeit it does not enforce above).

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-21 15:51                               ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-22 13:20                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-22 13:22                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-22 13:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Tue, May 21, 2019 at 08:51:40AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> Except that mmap() is more or less required to guarantee that ELRANGE
> established by ECREATE is available.  And we want to disallow mmap() as
> soon as the first EADD is done so that userspace can't remap the enclave's
> VMAs via munmap()->mmap() and gain execute permissions to pages that were
> EADD'd as NX.

We don't want to guarantee such thing and it is not guaranteed. It does
not fit at all to the multi process work done. Enclaves are detached
from any particular process addresse spaces. It is responsibility of
process to open windows to them.

That would be completely against work that we've done lately.

> Actually, conceptually it's probably more intuitive to disallow mmap() at
> ECREATE, i.e. the act of creating an enclave pins the associated virtual
> address range until the enclave is destroyed.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-22 13:20                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-05-22 13:22                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-22 13:56                                     ` Stephen Smalley
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-22 13:22 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Stephen Smalley, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 04:20:22PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> On Tue, May 21, 2019 at 08:51:40AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > Except that mmap() is more or less required to guarantee that ELRANGE
> > established by ECREATE is available.  And we want to disallow mmap() as
> > soon as the first EADD is done so that userspace can't remap the enclave's
> > VMAs via munmap()->mmap() and gain execute permissions to pages that were
> > EADD'd as NX.
> 
> We don't want to guarantee such thing and it is not guaranteed. It does
> not fit at all to the multi process work done. Enclaves are detached
> from any particular process addresse spaces. It is responsibility of
> process to open windows to them.
> 
> That would be completely against work that we've done lately.

Example use case: you have a process that just constructs an enclave
and sends it to another process or processes for use. The constructor
process could have basically anything on that range. This was the key
goal of the fd based enclave work.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-22 13:22                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-05-22 13:56                                     ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-22 15:38                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-22 13:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jarkko Sakkinen, Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/22/19 9:22 AM, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 04:20:22PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
>> On Tue, May 21, 2019 at 08:51:40AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>> Except that mmap() is more or less required to guarantee that ELRANGE
>>> established by ECREATE is available.  And we want to disallow mmap() as
>>> soon as the first EADD is done so that userspace can't remap the enclave's
>>> VMAs via munmap()->mmap() and gain execute permissions to pages that were
>>> EADD'd as NX.
>>
>> We don't want to guarantee such thing and it is not guaranteed. It does
>> not fit at all to the multi process work done. Enclaves are detached
>> from any particular process addresse spaces. It is responsibility of
>> process to open windows to them.
>>
>> That would be completely against work that we've done lately.
> 
> Example use case: you have a process that just constructs an enclave
> and sends it to another process or processes for use. The constructor
> process could have basically anything on that range. This was the key
> goal of the fd based enclave work.

What exactly happens in the constructor versus the recipient processes? 
Which process performs each of the necessary open(), mmap(), and ioctl() 
calls for setting up the enclave?  Can you provide a high level overview 
of the sequence of userspace calls by the constructor and by the 
recipient similar to what Sean showed earlier for just a single process?

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-22 13:56                                     ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-22 15:38                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-22 22:42                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-22 15:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing,
	Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds,
	LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum,
	Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko,
	Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai,
	David Rientjes

On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 09:56:30AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> On 5/22/19 9:22 AM, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> >On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 04:20:22PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> >>On Tue, May 21, 2019 at 08:51:40AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> >>>Except that mmap() is more or less required to guarantee that ELRANGE
> >>>established by ECREATE is available.  And we want to disallow mmap() as
> >>>soon as the first EADD is done so that userspace can't remap the enclave's
> >>>VMAs via munmap()->mmap() and gain execute permissions to pages that were
> >>>EADD'd as NX.
> >>
> >>We don't want to guarantee such thing and it is not guaranteed. It does
> >>not fit at all to the multi process work done. Enclaves are detached
> >>from any particular process addresse spaces. It is responsibility of
> >>process to open windows to them.
> >>
> >>That would be completely against work that we've done lately.
> >
> >Example use case: you have a process that just constructs an enclave
> >and sends it to another process or processes for use. The constructor
> >process could have basically anything on that range. This was the key
> >goal of the fd based enclave work.
> 
> What exactly happens in the constructor versus the recipient processes?
> Which process performs each of the necessary open(), mmap(), and ioctl()
> calls for setting up the enclave?  Can you provide a high level overview of
> the sequence of userspace calls by the constructor and by the recipient
> similar to what Sean showed earlier for just a single process?

Hmm, what we had talked about was allowing the SGX ioctls to work without
an associated VMA, with the end goal of letting userspace restrict access
to /dev/sgx/enclave.   Very roughly...

Enclave Owner:

  connect(builder, ...);
  send(builder, "/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave");

  recv(builder, &enclave_fd);

  for_each_chunk {
          mmap(enclave_addr + offset, size, ..., MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
  }
  

Enclave Builder:

  recv(sock, &enclave_path);

  source_fd = open(enclave_path, O_RDONLY);
  for_each_chunk {
          <hand waving - mmap()/mprotect() the enclave file into regular memory>
  }

  enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR);

  ioctl(enclave_fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, ...);
  for_each_chunk {
      struct sgx_enclave_add ioctlargs = {
          .offset = chunk.offset,
          .source = chunk.addr,
          .size   = chunk.size,
          .type   = chunk.type, /* SGX specific metadata */
      }
      ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD, &ioctlargs); /* modifies enclave's VMAs */
  }
  ioctl(enclave_fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, ...);

  write(sock, enclave_fd);


But the above flow is flawed because there'a catch-22: ENCLAVE_ECREATE
takes the virtual address of the enclave, but in the above flow that's
not established until "mmap(..., enclave_fd)".  And because an enclave's
virtual range needs to be naturally aligned (hardware requirements), the
enclave owner would need to do something like:

  source_fd = open("/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave", O_RDONLY);
  size = <parse size from source_fd>
  
  enclave_range = mmap(NULL, size*2, PROT_READ, ???, NULL, 0);
  enclave_addr = (enclave_range + (size - 1)) & ~(size - 1);

  connect(builder, ...);
  send(builder, {"/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave", enclave_addr});

  recv(builder, &enclave_fd);

  munmap(enclave_range);

  for_each_chunk {
      addr = mmap(enclave_addr + c.offset, c.size, ..., MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
      if (addr != enclave_addr + c.offset)
           exit(1);
  } 

And that straight up doesn't work with the v20 driver because mmap() with
the enclave_fd will run through sgx_get_unmapped_area(), which also does
the natural alignment adjustments (the idea being that mmap() is mapping
the entire enclave).  E.g. mmap() will map the wrong address if the offset
of a chunk is less than its size due to the driver adjusting the address.

Eliminating sgx_get_unmapped_area() means userspace is once again on the
hook for naturally aligning the enclave, which is less than desirable.

Looking back at the original API discussions around a builder process[1],
we never fleshed out the end-to-end flow.  While having a builder process
*sounds* reasonable, in practice it adds a lot of complexity without
providing much in the way of added security.  E.g. in addition to the
above mmap() issues, since the order of EADDs affects the enclave
measurement, the enclave owner would need to communicate the exact steps
to build the enclave, or the builder would need a priori knowledge of the
enclave format.

Userspace can still restrict access to /dev/sgx/enclave, e.g. by having a
daemon that requires additional credentials to obtain a new enclave_fd.
So AFAICT, the only benefit to having a dedicated builder is that it can
do its own whitelisting of enclaves, but since we're trending towards
supporting whitelisting enclaves in the kernel, e.g. via sigstruct,
whitelisting in userspace purely in userspace also provides marginal value.

TL;DR: Requiring VMA backing to build an enclave seems reasonable and sane.

[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CALCETrX+KisMCbptrnPSO79-YF4E3nR1XHt+a7hCs1GXsxAbtw@mail.gmail.com

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-22 15:38                                       ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-22 22:42                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-23  2:35                                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-23  8:10                                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-22 22:42 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, Andy Lutomirski, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 8:38 AM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 09:56:30AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> > On 5/22/19 9:22 AM, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > >On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 04:20:22PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > >>On Tue, May 21, 2019 at 08:51:40AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > >>>Except that mmap() is more or less required to guarantee that ELRANGE
> > >>>established by ECREATE is available.  And we want to disallow mmap() as
> > >>>soon as the first EADD is done so that userspace can't remap the enclave's
> > >>>VMAs via munmap()->mmap() and gain execute permissions to pages that were
> > >>>EADD'd as NX.
> > >>
> > >>We don't want to guarantee such thing and it is not guaranteed. It does
> > >>not fit at all to the multi process work done. Enclaves are detached
> > >>from any particular process addresse spaces. It is responsibility of
> > >>process to open windows to them.
> > >>
> > >>That would be completely against work that we've done lately.
> > >
> > >Example use case: you have a process that just constructs an enclave
> > >and sends it to another process or processes for use. The constructor
> > >process could have basically anything on that range. This was the key
> > >goal of the fd based enclave work.
> >
> > What exactly happens in the constructor versus the recipient processes?
> > Which process performs each of the necessary open(), mmap(), and ioctl()
> > calls for setting up the enclave?  Can you provide a high level overview of
> > the sequence of userspace calls by the constructor and by the recipient
> > similar to what Sean showed earlier for just a single process?
>
> Hmm, what we had talked about was allowing the SGX ioctls to work without
> an associated VMA, with the end goal of letting userspace restrict access
> to /dev/sgx/enclave.   Very roughly...
>
> Enclave Owner:
>
>   connect(builder, ...);
>   send(builder, "/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave");
>
>   recv(builder, &enclave_fd);
>
>   for_each_chunk {
>           mmap(enclave_addr + offset, size, ..., MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
>   }
>
>
> Enclave Builder:
>
>   recv(sock, &enclave_path);
>
>   source_fd = open(enclave_path, O_RDONLY);
>   for_each_chunk {
>           <hand waving - mmap()/mprotect() the enclave file into regular memory>
>   }
>
>   enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR);
>
>   ioctl(enclave_fd, ENCLAVE_CREATE, ...);
>   for_each_chunk {
>       struct sgx_enclave_add ioctlargs = {
>           .offset = chunk.offset,
>           .source = chunk.addr,
>           .size   = chunk.size,
>           .type   = chunk.type, /* SGX specific metadata */
>       }
>       ioctl(fd, ENCLAVE_ADD, &ioctlargs); /* modifies enclave's VMAs */
>   }
>   ioctl(enclave_fd, ENCLAVE_INIT, ...);
>
>   write(sock, enclave_fd);
>
>
> But the above flow is flawed because there'a catch-22: ENCLAVE_ECREATE
> takes the virtual address of the enclave, but in the above flow that's
> not established until "mmap(..., enclave_fd)".  And because an enclave's
> virtual range needs to be naturally aligned (hardware requirements), the
> enclave owner would need to do something like:
>
>   source_fd = open("/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave", O_RDONLY);
>   size = <parse size from source_fd>
>
>   enclave_range = mmap(NULL, size*2, PROT_READ, ???, NULL, 0);
>   enclave_addr = (enclave_range + (size - 1)) & ~(size - 1);
>
>   connect(builder, ...);
>   send(builder, {"/home/sean/path/to/my/enclave", enclave_addr});
>
>   recv(builder, &enclave_fd);
>
>   munmap(enclave_range);
>
>   for_each_chunk {
>       addr = mmap(enclave_addr + c.offset, c.size, ..., MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
>       if (addr != enclave_addr + c.offset)
>            exit(1);
>   }
>
> And that straight up doesn't work with the v20 driver because mmap() with
> the enclave_fd will run through sgx_get_unmapped_area(), which also does
> the natural alignment adjustments (the idea being that mmap() is mapping
> the entire enclave).  E.g. mmap() will map the wrong address if the offset
> of a chunk is less than its size due to the driver adjusting the address.

That presumably needs to change.

Are we entirely missing an API to allocate a naturally aligned VA
range?  That's kind of annoying.

>
> Eliminating sgx_get_unmapped_area() means userspace is once again on the
> hook for naturally aligning the enclave, which is less than desirable.
>
> Looking back at the original API discussions around a builder process[1],
> we never fleshed out the end-to-end flow.  While having a builder process
> *sounds* reasonable, in practice it adds a lot of complexity without
> providing much in the way of added security.  E.g. in addition to the
> above mmap() issues, since the order of EADDs affects the enclave
> measurement, the enclave owner would need to communicate the exact steps
> to build the enclave, or the builder would need a priori knowledge of the
> enclave format.
>
> Userspace can still restrict access to /dev/sgx/enclave, e.g. by having a
> daemon that requires additional credentials to obtain a new enclave_fd.
> So AFAICT, the only benefit to having a dedicated builder is that it can
> do its own whitelisting of enclaves, but since we're trending towards
> supporting whitelisting enclaves in the kernel, e.g. via sigstruct,
> whitelisting in userspace purely in userspace also provides marginal value.
>
> TL;DR: Requiring VMA backing to build an enclave seems reasonable and sane.

This isn't necessarily a problem, but we pretty much have to use
mprotect() then.

Maybe the semantics could just be that mmap() on the SGX device gives
natural alignment, but that there is no actual constraint enforced by
the driver as to whether mmap() happens before or after ECREATE.
After all, it's *ugly* for user code to reserve its address range with
an awkward giant mmap(), there's nothing fundamentally wrong with it.

As far as I know from this whole discussion, we still haven't come up
with any credible way to avoid tracking, per enclave page, whether
that page came from unmodified PROT_EXEC memory.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-22 22:42                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-23  2:35                                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-23 10:26                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-23  8:10                                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-23  2:35 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing,
	Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds,
	LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum,
	Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko,
	Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai,
	David Rientjes

On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 03:42:45PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 8:38 AM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > And that straight up doesn't work with the v20 driver because mmap() with
> > the enclave_fd will run through sgx_get_unmapped_area(), which also does
> > the natural alignment adjustments (the idea being that mmap() is mapping
> > the entire enclave).  E.g. mmap() will map the wrong address if the offset
> > of a chunk is less than its size due to the driver adjusting the address.
> 
> That presumably needs to change.

If we want to allow mmap() on a subset of the enclave, yes.  I assume it's
a simple matter of respecting MAP_FIXED.

> Are we entirely missing an API to allocate a naturally aligned VA
> range?  That's kind of annoying.

Yes?

> > Eliminating sgx_get_unmapped_area() means userspace is once again on the
> > hook for naturally aligning the enclave, which is less than desirable.
> >
> > Looking back at the original API discussions around a builder process[1],
> > we never fleshed out the end-to-end flow.  While having a builder process
> > *sounds* reasonable, in practice it adds a lot of complexity without
> > providing much in the way of added security.  E.g. in addition to the
> > above mmap() issues, since the order of EADDs affects the enclave
> > measurement, the enclave owner would need to communicate the exact steps
> > to build the enclave, or the builder would need a priori knowledge of the
> > enclave format.
> >
> > Userspace can still restrict access to /dev/sgx/enclave, e.g. by having a
> > daemon that requires additional credentials to obtain a new enclave_fd.
> > So AFAICT, the only benefit to having a dedicated builder is that it can
> > do its own whitelisting of enclaves, but since we're trending towards
> > supporting whitelisting enclaves in the kernel, e.g. via sigstruct,
> > whitelisting in userspace purely in userspace also provides marginal value.
> >
> > TL;DR: Requiring VMA backing to build an enclave seems reasonable and sane.
> 
> This isn't necessarily a problem, but we pretty much have to use
> mprotect() then.

You lost me there.  Who needs to mprotect() what?

> Maybe the semantics could just be that mmap() on the SGX device gives
> natural alignment, but that there is no actual constraint enforced by
> the driver as to whether mmap() happens before or after ECREATE.
> After all, it's *ugly* for user code to reserve its address range with
> an awkward giant mmap(), there's nothing fundamentally wrong with it.
> 
> As far as I know from this whole discussion, we still haven't come up
> with any credible way to avoid tracking, per enclave page, whether
> that page came from unmodified PROT_EXEC memory.

Disallowing mmap() after ECREATE is credible, but apparently not
palatable. :-)

But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE since the
LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE would be needed to
mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self thought mmap()
bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that mmap()'ng an existing
enclave would require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back
at square one.

Tracking permissions per enclave page isn't difficult, it's the new SGX
specific LSM hooks and mprotect() interactions that I want to avoid.

Jumping back to mmap(), AIUI the fundamental issue is that we want to
allow building/running an enclave without FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE,
otherwise FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE become meaningless.  Assuming I'm
not off in the weeds, that means we really just need to special case
mmap() on enclaves so it can map enclave memory using the verified page
permissions so as not to run afoul of LSM checks.  All other behaviors,
e.g. mprotect(), can reuse the existing LSM checks for shared mappings.

So, what if we snapshot the permissions for each enclave page at EADD,
and then special case mmap() to propagate flags from the snapshot to the
VMA?  More or less the same idea as doing mprotect_fixup() using the
source VMA during EADD.  We could define the EADD semantics to match
this as well, e.g. only propagate the flags from the source VMA to the
enclave VMA if the EADD range is fully mapped with PROT_NONE.  This would
allow the enclave builder concept, albeit with funky semantics, and
wouldn't require new LSM hooks.

E.g. something like this:

static inline void sgx_mmap_update_prot_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
					      struct sgx_encl *encl)
{
	struct radix_tree_iter iter;
	struct sgx_encl_page *entry;
	unsigned long addr;
	vm_flags_t flags;
	void **slot;

	/*
	 * SGX special: if userspace is requesting PROT_NONE and pages have
	 * been added to the enclave, then propagate the flags snapshot from
	 * the enclave to the VMA.  Do this if and only if all overlapped
	 * pages are defined and have identical permissions.  Stuffing the
	 * VMA on PROT_NONE allows userspace to map EPC pages without being
	 * incorrectly rejected by LSMs due to insufficient permissions (the
	 * snapshottted flags have alaredy been vetted).
	 */
	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_READ|VM_WRITE|VM_EXEC))
		return;

	flags = 0;

	for (addr = vma->vm_start; addr < vma->vm_end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
		entry = radix_tree_lookup(&encl->page_tree, addr >> PAGE_SHIFT);

		if (!entry && flags)
			return;
		if (!flags && entry) {
			if (addr == vma->vm_start) {
				flags = entry->vm_flags;
				continue;
			}
			return;
		}
		if (entry && flags && entry->vm_flags != flags)
			return;

	}
	vma->vm_flags |= flags;
}


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-22 22:42                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-23  2:35                                           ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-23  8:10                                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-23  8:23                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-23  8:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Stephen Smalley, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 03:42:45PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> As far as I know from this whole discussion, we still haven't come up
> with any credible way to avoid tracking, per enclave page, whether
> that page came from unmodified PROT_EXEC memory.

So is this in the context that the enclave is read from another VMA
and not through a file descriptor? Is that locked in?

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23  8:10                                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-05-23  8:23                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-23  8:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Stephen Smalley, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 11:10:48AM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 03:42:45PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > As far as I know from this whole discussion, we still haven't come up
> > with any credible way to avoid tracking, per enclave page, whether
> > that page came from unmodified PROT_EXEC memory.
> 
> So is this in the context that the enclave is read from another VMA
> and not through a file descriptor? Is that locked in?

No need to answer. Got in page from Sean's response.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23  2:35                                           ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-23 10:26                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-23 14:17                                               ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-23 10:26 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing,
	Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds,
	LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum,
	Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko,
	Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai,
	David Rientjes

On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE since the
> LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE would be needed to
> mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self thought mmap()
> bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that mmap()'ng an existing
> enclave would require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back
> at square one.

I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.

We can still support fork() if we take a step back from v20 and require
the mmap(). Given the recent comments, I'd guess that is the best
compromise i.e. multiple processes can still share an enclave within
the limitations of ancestor hierarchy. Is this the constraint we agree
now upon? Some emails are a bit contradicting in this sense.

> Tracking permissions per enclave page isn't difficult, it's the new SGX
> specific LSM hooks and mprotect() interactions that I want to avoid.
> 
> Jumping back to mmap(), AIUI the fundamental issue is that we want to
> allow building/running an enclave without FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE,
> otherwise FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE become meaningless.  Assuming I'm
> not off in the weeds, that means we really just need to special case
> mmap() on enclaves so it can map enclave memory using the verified page
> permissions so as not to run afoul of LSM checks.  All other behaviors,
> e.g. mprotect(), can reuse the existing LSM checks for shared mappings.
> 
> So, what if we snapshot the permissions for each enclave page at EADD,
> and then special case mmap() to propagate flags from the snapshot to the
> VMA?  More or less the same idea as doing mprotect_fixup() using the
> source VMA during EADD.  We could define the EADD semantics to match
> this as well, e.g. only propagate the flags from the source VMA to the
> enclave VMA if the EADD range is fully mapped with PROT_NONE.  This would
> allow the enclave builder concept, albeit with funky semantics, and
> wouldn't require new LSM hooks.

Dropped off here completely. What if the mmap() is done before any of
the EADD operations?

> 
> E.g. something like this:
> 
> static inline void sgx_mmap_update_prot_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> 					      struct sgx_encl *encl)
> {
> 	struct radix_tree_iter iter;
> 	struct sgx_encl_page *entry;
> 	unsigned long addr;
> 	vm_flags_t flags;
> 	void **slot;
> 
> 	/*
> 	 * SGX special: if userspace is requesting PROT_NONE and pages have
> 	 * been added to the enclave, then propagate the flags snapshot from
> 	 * the enclave to the VMA.  Do this if and only if all overlapped
> 	 * pages are defined and have identical permissions.  Stuffing the
> 	 * VMA on PROT_NONE allows userspace to map EPC pages without being
> 	 * incorrectly rejected by LSMs due to insufficient permissions (the
> 	 * snapshottted flags have alaredy been vetted).
> 	 */
> 	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_READ|VM_WRITE|VM_EXEC))
> 		return;
> 
> 	flags = 0;
> 
> 	for (addr = vma->vm_start; addr < vma->vm_end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
> 		entry = radix_tree_lookup(&encl->page_tree, addr >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> 
> 		if (!entry && flags)
> 			return;
> 		if (!flags && entry) {
> 			if (addr == vma->vm_start) {
> 				flags = entry->vm_flags;
> 				continue;
> 			}
> 			return;
> 		}
> 		if (entry && flags && entry->vm_flags != flags)
> 			return;
> 
> 	}
> 	vma->vm_flags |= flags;
> }

This looks flakky and error prone. You'd better have some "shadow VMAs"
and check that you have such matching size of the VMA you try to mmap()
and check flags from that.

Who would call this function anyhow and when?

Would be better to first agree on constraints. I have zero idea within
which kind of enviroment this snippet would live e.g.

- mmap() (before, after?)
- multi process constraint (only fork or full on versatility)

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23 10:26                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-05-23 14:17                                               ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-23 15:38                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
                                                                   ` (2 more replies)
  0 siblings, 3 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-23 14:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jarkko Sakkinen
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing,
	Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds,
	LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum,
	Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko,
	Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai,
	David Rientjes

On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE since the
> > LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE would be needed to
> > mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self thought mmap()
> > bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that mmap()'ng an existing
> > enclave would require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back
> > at square one.
> 
> I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.

As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to have
FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably
other LSMs have similar requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add much
value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an enclave that is
being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.

Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring FILE__EXECUTE
to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE that we're trying to
special case.

> We can still support fork() if we take a step back from v20 and require
> the mmap(). Given the recent comments, I'd guess that is the best
> compromise i.e. multiple processes can still share an enclave within
> the limitations of ancestor hierarchy. Is this the constraint we agree
> now upon? Some emails are a bit contradicting in this sense.
> 
> > Tracking permissions per enclave page isn't difficult, it's the new SGX
> > specific LSM hooks and mprotect() interactions that I want to avoid.
> > 
> > Jumping back to mmap(), AIUI the fundamental issue is that we want to
> > allow building/running an enclave without FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE,
> > otherwise FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE become meaningless.  Assuming I'm
> > not off in the weeds, that means we really just need to special case
> > mmap() on enclaves so it can map enclave memory using the verified page
> > permissions so as not to run afoul of LSM checks.  All other behaviors,
> > e.g. mprotect(), can reuse the existing LSM checks for shared mappings.
> > 
> > So, what if we snapshot the permissions for each enclave page at EADD,
> > and then special case mmap() to propagate flags from the snapshot to the
> > VMA?  More or less the same idea as doing mprotect_fixup() using the
> > source VMA during EADD.  We could define the EADD semantics to match
> > this as well, e.g. only propagate the flags from the source VMA to the
> > enclave VMA if the EADD range is fully mapped with PROT_NONE.  This would
> > allow the enclave builder concept, albeit with funky semantics, and
> > wouldn't require new LSM hooks.
> 
> Dropped off here completely. What if the mmap() is done before any of
> the EADD operations?

Three options I can think of, in descending order of magic required:

  1. Do nothing.  Userspace would essentially be required to mmap() the
     enclave after EINIT, which is ugly but not breaking since userspace
     could mmap() the enclave with a placeholder VMA prior to building
     the enclave, and then a series of mmap() to establish its "real"
     mapping.

  2. Propagate the permissions from EADD to the VMAs of the current mm
     if the entire EADD range is mapped and the mapping is PROT_NONE.

  3. Propagate the permissions from EADD to the VMAs of all mm structs
     that have mapped some piece of the enclave, following the matching
     rules from #2.

> > E.g. something like this:
> > 
> > static inline void sgx_mmap_update_prot_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > 					      struct sgx_encl *encl)
> > {
> > 	struct radix_tree_iter iter;
> > 	struct sgx_encl_page *entry;
> > 	unsigned long addr;
> > 	vm_flags_t flags;
> > 	void **slot;
> > 
> > 	/*
> > 	 * SGX special: if userspace is requesting PROT_NONE and pages have
> > 	 * been added to the enclave, then propagate the flags snapshot from
> > 	 * the enclave to the VMA.  Do this if and only if all overlapped
> > 	 * pages are defined and have identical permissions.  Stuffing the
> > 	 * VMA on PROT_NONE allows userspace to map EPC pages without being
> > 	 * incorrectly rejected by LSMs due to insufficient permissions (the
> > 	 * snapshottted flags have alaredy been vetted).
> > 	 */
> > 	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_READ|VM_WRITE|VM_EXEC))
> > 		return;
> > 
> > 	flags = 0;
> > 
> > 	for (addr = vma->vm_start; addr < vma->vm_end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
> > 		entry = radix_tree_lookup(&encl->page_tree, addr >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> > 
> > 		if (!entry && flags)
> > 			return;
> > 		if (!flags && entry) {
> > 			if (addr == vma->vm_start) {
> > 				flags = entry->vm_flags;
> > 				continue;
> > 			}
> > 			return;
> > 		}
> > 		if (entry && flags && entry->vm_flags != flags)
> > 			return;
> > 
> > 	}
> > 	vma->vm_flags |= flags;
> > }
> 
> This looks flakky and error prone. You'd better have some "shadow VMAs"
> and check that you have such matching size of the VMA you try to mmap()
> and check flags from that.
> 
> Who would call this function anyhow and when?
> 
> Would be better to first agree on constraints. I have zero idea within
> which kind of enviroment this snippet would live e.g.
> 
> - mmap() (before, after?)
> - multi process constraint (only fork or full on versatility)

This would be called from sgx_mmap(), i.e. mmap().  Sorry that wasn't at
all clear.  The idea is to inherit the protections from the enclave pages
if mmap() was passed PROT_NONE, but do so in a paranoid way.

I don't think multi-process contraints would be required.  This would
allow an individual process to inherit the pre-verified protections.
Other process(es) could map the enclave page with different protections,
but doing so would require the appropriate FILE__* permissions for the
other process(es).

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23 14:17                                               ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-23 15:38                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-23 23:40                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
                                                                     ` (2 more replies)
  2019-05-23 19:58                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-27 13:34                                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2 siblings, 3 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-23 15:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen, Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 7:17 AM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE since the
> > > LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE would be needed to
> > > mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self thought mmap()
> > > bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that mmap()'ng an existing
> > > enclave would require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back
> > > at square one.
> >
> > I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.
>
> As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to have
> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably
> other LSMs have similar requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
> FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add much
> value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an enclave that is
> being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
> generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.
>
> Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring FILE__EXECUTE
> to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE that we're trying to
> special case.
>

I thought about this some more, and I have a new proposal that helps
address the ELRANGE alignment issue and the permission issue at the
cost of some extra verbosity.  Maybe you all can poke holes in it :)
The basic idea is to make everything more explicit from a user's
perspective.  Here's how it works:

Opening /dev/sgx/enclave gives an enclave_fd that, by design, doesn't
give EXECUTE or WRITE.  mmap() on the enclave_fd only works if you
pass PROT_NONE and gives the correct alignment.  The resulting VMA
cannot be mprotected or mremapped.  It can't be mmapped at all until
after ECREATE because the alignment isn't known before that.

Associated with the enclave are a bunch (up to 7) "enclave segment
inodes".  These are anon_inodes that are created automagically.  An
enclave segment is a group of pages, not necessary contiguous, with an
upper bound on the memory permissions.  Each enclave page belongs to a
segment.  When you do EADD, you tell the driver what segment you're
adding to. [0]  This means that EADD gets an extra argument that is a
permission mask for the page -- in addition to the initial SECINFO,
you also pass to EADD something to the effect of "I promise never to
map this with permissions greater than RX".

Then we just need some way to mmap a region from an enclave segment.
This could be done by having a way to get an fd for an enclave segment
or it could be done by having a new ioctl SGX_IOC_MAP_SEGMENT.  User
code would use this operation to replace, MAP_FIXED-style, ranges from
the big PROT_NONE mapping with the relevant pages from the enclave
segment.  The resulting vma would only have VM_MAYWRITE if the segment
is W, only have VM_MAYEXEC if the segment is X, and only have
VM_MAYREAD if the segment is R.  Depending on implementation details,
the VMAs might need to restrict mremap() to avoid mapping pages that
aren't part of the segment in question.

It's plausible that this whole thing works without the magic segment
inodes under the hood, but figuring that out would need a careful look
at how all the core mm bits and LSM bits work together.

To get all the LSM stuff to work, SELinux will need some way to
automatically assign an appropriate label to the segment inodes.  I
assume that such a mechanism already exists and gets used for things
like sockets, but I haven't actually confirmed this.

[0] There needs to be some vaguely intelligent semantics if you EADD
the *same* address more than once.  A simple solution would be to
disallow it if the segments don't match.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23 14:17                                               ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-23 15:38                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-23 19:58                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-27 13:34                                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-23 19:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jarkko Sakkinen
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing,
	Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds,
	LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum,
	Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko,
	Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai,
	David Rientjes

On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 07:17:52AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE since the
> > > LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE would be needed to
> > > mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self thought mmap()
> > > bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that mmap()'ng an existing
> > > enclave would require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back
> > > at square one.
> > 
> > I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.
> 
> As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to have
> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably
> other LSMs have similar requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
> FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add much
> value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an enclave that is
> being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
> generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.
> 
> Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring FILE__EXECUTE
> to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE that we're trying to
> special case.

Argh, as I was working through Andy's latest proposal I realized that I
was subconciously making FILE__READ imply FILE__EXECUTE.

The idea behind inheriting permissions from the source VMA is to exempt
"standard" enclaves from needing FILE__WRITE.  But if we don't add an
exemption for FILE__EXECUTE as well, then all enclaves need FILE__EXECUTE,
which means FILE__EXECUTE can't be used to identify the case where
userspace is mapping an inherited PROT_WRITE page as PROT_EXEC.  And if
the SGX magic exempts FILE__EXECUTE, then FILE__READ implies FILE__EXECUTE.

Yuck.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23 15:38                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-23 23:40                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24  1:17                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-24 14:44                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-27 13:48                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-23 23:40 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen, Stephen Smalley, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing,
	Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds,
	LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum,
	Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko,
	Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai,
	David Rientjes

On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 08:38:17AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 7:17 AM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > > On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > > But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE since the
> > > > LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE would be needed to
> > > > mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self thought mmap()
> > > > bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that mmap()'ng an existing
> > > > enclave would require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back
> > > > at square one.
> > >
> > > I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.
> >
> > As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to have
> > FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably
> > other LSMs have similar requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
> > FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add much
> > value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an enclave that is
> > being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
> > generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.
> >
> > Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring FILE__EXECUTE
> > to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE that we're trying to
> > special case.
> >
> 
> I thought about this some more, and I have a new proposal that helps
> address the ELRANGE alignment issue and the permission issue at the
> cost of some extra verbosity.  Maybe you all can poke holes in it :)
> The basic idea is to make everything more explicit from a user's
> perspective.  Here's how it works:
> 
> Opening /dev/sgx/enclave gives an enclave_fd that, by design, doesn't
> give EXECUTE or WRITE.  mmap() on the enclave_fd only works if you
> pass PROT_NONE and gives the correct alignment.  The resulting VMA
> cannot be mprotected or mremapped.  It can't be mmapped at all until

I assume you're thinking of clearing all VM_MAY* flags in sgx_mmap()?

> after ECREATE because the alignment isn't known before that.

I don't follow.  The alignment is known because userspace knows the size
of its enclave.  The initial unknown is the address, but that becomes
known once the initial mmap() completes.

> Associated with the enclave are a bunch (up to 7) "enclave segment

I assume 7 = R, W, X, RW, RX, WX and RWX?

> inodes".  These are anon_inodes that are created automagically.  An
> enclave segment is a group of pages, not necessary contiguous, with an
> upper bound on the memory permissions.  Each enclave page belongs to a
> segment.  When you do EADD, you tell the driver what segment you're
> adding to. [0]  This means that EADD gets an extra argument that is a
> permission mask for the page -- in addition to the initial SECINFO,
> you also pass to EADD something to the effect of "I promise never to
> map this with permissions greater than RX".
>
> Then we just need some way to mmap a region from an enclave segment.
> This could be done by having a way to get an fd for an enclave segment
> or it could be done by having a new ioctl SGX_IOC_MAP_SEGMENT.  User
> code would use this operation to replace, MAP_FIXED-style, ranges from
> the big PROT_NONE mapping with the relevant pages from the enclave
> segment.  The resulting vma would only have VM_MAYWRITE if the segment
> is W, only have VM_MAYEXEC if the segment is X, and only have
> VM_MAYREAD if the segment is R.  Depending on implementation details,
> the VMAs might need to restrict mremap() to avoid mapping pages that
> aren't part of the segment in question.

If my above assumptions regarding VM_MAY* and the "7 segments" are
correct, IIUC you're proposing that an LSM could have policies for each
of the anon inodes, e.g. grant/deny RWX vs. RW vs RX.  Am I in the
ballpark?

> It's plausible that this whole thing works without the magic segment
> inodes under the hood, but figuring that out would need a careful look
> at how all the core mm bits and LSM bits work together.
>
> To get all the LSM stuff to work, SELinux will need some way to
> automatically assign an appropriate label to the segment inodes.  I
> assume that such a mechanism already exists and gets used for things
> like sockets, but I haven't actually confirmed this.

I (obviously) don't fully understand your proposal, but I don't think we
want to hook inodes, e.g. AppArmor doesn't implement inode_permission()
but does implement file_mprotect() and mmap_file(), which feel like the
natural hooks for this sort of thing.  I also think it's overkill, e.g.
AppArmor doesn't have a concept of EXECMOD, EXECMEM, EXECHEAP, etc.., so
I don't think we need to go beyond detecting W+X scenarios.

Starting with your original idea of tracking "safe to execute" and
Cedric's of propagating the permissions from the source VMA, but tweaked
with your new idea of clearing VM_MAY* and a custom MAP_FIXED/mprotect().

Add SGX_IOC_MPROTECT (or SGX_IOC_MAP_REGION?) that works as follows:

  1. Track VM_MAY{READ,WRITE,EXEC} flags for each enclave page.
  2. SGX_IOC_ADD_REGION, i.e. EADD, initializes the VM_MAY* flags for each
     enclave page based on the source VMA.
  3. sgx_mmap() only works with PROT_NONE, skips alignment stuff if
     MAP_FIXED, and clears VM_MAY{READ,WRITE,EXEC}.
  4. mprotect() on /dev/sgx/enclave doesn't work because the VMA doesn't
     have any VM_MAY{READ,WRITE,EXEC} capabilities.
  5. Deny mremap() post-ECREATE as the address and size of the enclave
     are fixed at ECREATE (in hardware).
  6. SGX_IOC_MPROTECT works like normal mprotect(), except the VM_MAY*
     flags are pulled from the enclave pages, and its call to
     security_file_mprotect() is VM_READ|VM_EXEC by default.  The LSM call
     sets VM_WRITE iff the enclave page has both VM_MAYWRITE and
     VM_MAYEXEC.  The idea here is to require READ and EXECUTE to run an
     enclave, and only require WRITE on /dev/sgx/enclave when the enclave
     can execute modified memory.

To support SGX2 down the road, which will want to convert a page to
executable on the fly, we could add:

  7. SGX_IOC_EXTEND_PERMISSIONS enables userspace to extend the VM_MAY*
     flags for an enclave page, e.g. to make a page executable.
     SGX_IOC_MPROTECT is still required to actually map the page.
     Notably, adding a RW page to the enclave, e.g. to grow its heap,
     doesn't require WRITE, whereas adding a RWX page, e.g. for dynamic
     loading, would require WRITE.  This can only extend!  E.g. userspace
     can't circumvent the WRITE requirement by clearing VM_MAYWRITE.

Note, FILE__WRITE on /dev/sgx/enclave is essentially equivalent to
FILE__EXECMOD.  Using FILE__WRITE in this way means there are no changes
to SELinux (triggering FILE__EXECMOD would be awkward), and AppArmor also
picks up extra protections for enclaves.

> [0] There needs to be some vaguely intelligent semantics if you EADD
> the *same* address more than once.  A simple solution would be to
> disallow it if the segments don't match.

I don't see any reason to allow duplicate EADD as it serves no purpose,
e.g. doing so changes the enclave's measurement and that's it.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23 23:40                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-24  1:17                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-24  7:24                                                       ` Xing, Cedric
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-24  1:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, Stephen Smalley, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 4:40 PM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 08:38:17AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 7:17 AM Sean Christopherson
> > <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > > > On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > > > But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE since the
> > > > > LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE would be needed to
> > > > > mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self thought mmap()
> > > > > bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that mmap()'ng an existing
> > > > > enclave would require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back
> > > > > at square one.
> > > >
> > > > I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.
> > >
> > > As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to have
> > > FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably
> > > other LSMs have similar requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
> > > FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add much
> > > value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an enclave that is
> > > being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
> > > generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.
> > >
> > > Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring FILE__EXECUTE
> > > to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE that we're trying to
> > > special case.
> > >
> >
> > I thought about this some more, and I have a new proposal that helps
> > address the ELRANGE alignment issue and the permission issue at the
> > cost of some extra verbosity.  Maybe you all can poke holes in it :)
> > The basic idea is to make everything more explicit from a user's
> > perspective.  Here's how it works:
> >
> > Opening /dev/sgx/enclave gives an enclave_fd that, by design, doesn't
> > give EXECUTE or WRITE.  mmap() on the enclave_fd only works if you
> > pass PROT_NONE and gives the correct alignment.  The resulting VMA
> > cannot be mprotected or mremapped.  It can't be mmapped at all until
>
> I assume you're thinking of clearing all VM_MAY* flags in sgx_mmap()?
>
> > after ECREATE because the alignment isn't known before that.
>
> I don't follow.  The alignment is known because userspace knows the size
> of its enclave.  The initial unknown is the address, but that becomes
> known once the initial mmap() completes.

[...]

I think I made the mistake of getting too carried away with
implementation details rather than just getting to the point.  And I
misremembered the ECREATE flow -- oops.  Let me try again.  First,
here are some problems with some earlier proposals (mine, yours
Cedric's):

 - Having the EADD operation always work but have different effects
depending on the source memory permissions is, at the very least,
confusing.

 - If we want to encourage user programs to be well-behaved, we want
to make it easy to map the RX parts of an enclave RX, the RW parts RW,
the RO parts R, etc.  But this interacts poorly with the sgx_mmap()
alignment magic, as you've pointed out.

 - We don't want to couple LSMs with SGX too tightly.

So here's how a nice interface might work:

int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR);

/* enclave_fd points to a totally blank enclave. Before ECREATE, we
need to decide on an address. */

void *addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);

/* we have an address! */

ioctl(enclave_fd, ECREATE, ...);

/* now add some data to the enclave.  We want the RWX addition to fail
immediately unless we have the relevant LSM pemission.   Similarly, we
want the RX addition to fail immediately unless the source VMA is
appropriate. */

ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rx_source_1, MAXPERM=RX, ...);  [the ...
includes SECINFO, which the kernel doesn't really care about]
ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, ro_source_1, MAXPERM=RX ...);
ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rw_source_1, MAXPERM=RW ...);
ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rwx_source_1, MAXPERM=RWX ...);

ioctl(enclave_fd, EINIT, ...);  /* presumably pass sigstruct_fd here, too. */

/* at this point, all is well except that the enclave is mapped
PROT_NONE. There are a couple ways I can imagine to fix this. */

We could use mmap:

mmap(baseaddr+offset, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED | MAP_FIXED,
enclave_fd, 0);  /* only succeeds if MAXPERM & R == R */

But this has some annoying implications with regard to
sgx_get_unmapped_area().  We could use an ioctl:

ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_MPROTECT, offset, len, PROT_READ);

which has the potentially nice property that we can completely bypass
the LSM hooks, because the LSM has *already* vetted everything when
the EADD calls were allowed.  Or we could maybe even just use
mprotect() itself:

mprotect(baseaddr + offset, len, PROT_READ);

Or, for the really evil option, we could use a bit of magic in .fault
and do nothing here.  Instead we'd make the initial mapping
PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC and have .fault actually instantiate
the PTEs with the intersection of the VMA permissions and MAXPERM.  I
don't think I like this alternative, since it feels more magical than
needed and it will be harder to debug.  I like the fact that
/proc/self/maps shows the actual permissions in all the other
variants.


All of the rest of the crud in my earlier email was just
implementation details.  The point I was trying to make was that I
think it's possible to implement this without making too much of a
mess internally.  I think I favor the mprotect() approach since it
makes the behavior fairly obvious.

I don't think any of this needs to change for SGX2.  We'd have an
ioctl() that does EAUG and specifies MAXPERM.  Trying to mprotect() a
page that hasn't been added yet with any permission other than
PROT_NONE would fail.  I suppose we might end up needing a way to let
the EAUG operation *change* MAXPERM, and this operation would have to
do some more LSM checks and walk all the existing mappings to make
sure they're consistent with the new MAXPERM.

As an aside, I wonder if Linus et all would be okay with a new
MAP_FULLY_ALIGNED mmap() flag that allocated memory aligned to the
requested size.  Then we could get rid of yet another bit of magic.

--Andy

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24  1:17                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-24  7:24                                                       ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 15:41                                                         ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-24 16:43                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-24  7:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski, Christopherson, Sean J
  Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen, Stephen Smalley, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

Hi Andy,

> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> Sent: Thursday, May 23, 2019 6:18 PM
> 
> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 4:40 PM Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
> wrote:
> >
> > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 08:38:17AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 7:17 AM Sean Christopherson
> > > <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > > > > On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > > > > But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE
> > > > > > since the LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE
> > > > > > would be needed to
> > > > > > mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self
> > > > > > thought mmap() bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that
> > > > > > mmap()'ng an existing enclave would require FILE__WRITE and
> > > > > > FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back at square one.
> > > > >
> > > > > I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.
> > > >
> > > > As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to
> > > > have FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on
> > > > /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably other LSMs have similar
> > > > requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
> > > > FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add
> > > > much value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an
> > > > enclave that is being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
> generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.
> > > >
> > > > Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring
> > > > FILE__EXECUTE to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE
> > > > that we're trying to special case.
> > > >
> > >
> > > I thought about this some more, and I have a new proposal that helps
> > > address the ELRANGE alignment issue and the permission issue at the
> > > cost of some extra verbosity.  Maybe you all can poke holes in it :)
> > > The basic idea is to make everything more explicit from a user's
> > > perspective.  Here's how it works:
> > >
> > > Opening /dev/sgx/enclave gives an enclave_fd that, by design,
> > > doesn't give EXECUTE or WRITE.  mmap() on the enclave_fd only works
> > > if you pass PROT_NONE and gives the correct alignment.  The
> > > resulting VMA cannot be mprotected or mremapped.  It can't be
> > > mmapped at all until
> >
> > I assume you're thinking of clearing all VM_MAY* flags in sgx_mmap()?
> >
> > > after ECREATE because the alignment isn't known before that.
> >
> > I don't follow.  The alignment is known because userspace knows the
> > size of its enclave.  The initial unknown is the address, but that
> > becomes known once the initial mmap() completes.
> 
> [...]
> 
> I think I made the mistake of getting too carried away with implementation details rather
> than just getting to the point.  And I misremembered the ECREATE flow -- oops.  Let me try
> again.  First, here are some problems with some earlier proposals (mine, yours
> Cedric's):
> 
>  - Having the EADD operation always work but have different effects depending on the
> source memory permissions is, at the very least, confusing.

Inheriting permissions from source pages IMHO is the easiest way to validate the EPC permissions without any changes to LSM. And the argument about its security is also easy to make.

I understand that it may take some effort to document it properly but otherwise don't see any practical issues with it.

> 
>  - If we want to encourage user programs to be well-behaved, we want to make it easy to
> map the RX parts of an enclave RX, the RW parts RW, the RO parts R, etc.  But this
> interacts poorly with the sgx_mmap() alignment magic, as you've pointed out.
> 
>  - We don't want to couple LSMs with SGX too tightly.
> 
> So here's how a nice interface might work:
> 
> int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR);
> 
> /* enclave_fd points to a totally blank enclave. Before ECREATE, we need to decide on an
> address. */
> 
> void *addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
> 
> /* we have an address! */
> 
> ioctl(enclave_fd, ECREATE, ...);
> 
> /* now add some data to the enclave.  We want the RWX addition to fail
> immediately unless we have the relevant LSM pemission.   Similarly, we
> want the RX addition to fail immediately unless the source VMA is appropriate. */
> 
> ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rx_source_1, MAXPERM=RX, ...);  [the ...
> includes SECINFO, which the kernel doesn't really care about] ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD,
> ro_source_1, MAXPERM=RX ...); ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rw_source_1, MAXPERM=RW ...);
> ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rwx_source_1, MAXPERM=RWX ...);

If MAXPERM is taken from ioctl parameters, the real question here is how to validate MAXPERM. Guess we shouldn't allow arbitrary MAXPERM to be specified by user code, and the only logical source I can think of is from the source pages (or from the enclave source file, but memory mapping is preferred because it offers more flexibility). 
 
> 
> ioctl(enclave_fd, EINIT, ...);  /* presumably pass sigstruct_fd here, too. */
> 
> /* at this point, all is well except that the enclave is mapped PROT_NONE. There are a
> couple ways I can imagine to fix this. */
> 
> We could use mmap:
> 
> mmap(baseaddr+offset, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED | MAP_FIXED, enclave_fd, 0);  /* only
> succeeds if MAXPERM & R == R */
> 
> But this has some annoying implications with regard to sgx_get_unmapped_area().  We could
> use an ioctl:

There's an easy fix. Just let sgx_get_unmapped_area() do the natural alignment only if MAP_FIXED is *not* set, otherwise, honor both address and len. 

But mmap() is subject to LSM check (probably against /dev/sgx/enclave?). How to do mmap(RX) if FILE__EXECUTE is *not* granted for /dev/sgx/enclave, even if MAXPERM=RX?

> 
> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_MPROTECT, offset, len, PROT_READ);
> 
> which has the potentially nice property that we can completely bypass the LSM hooks,
> because the LSM has *already* vetted everything when the EADD calls were allowed.  Or we
> could maybe even just use
> mprotect() itself:
> 
> mprotect(baseaddr + offset, len, PROT_READ);

How to bypass LSM hooks in this mprotect()?

> 
> Or, for the really evil option, we could use a bit of magic in .fault and do nothing here.
> Instead we'd make the initial mapping PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC and have .fault
> actually instantiate the PTEs with the intersection of the VMA permissions and MAXPERM.  I
> don't think I like this alternative, since it feels more magical than needed and it will
> be harder to debug.  I like the fact that /proc/self/maps shows the actual permissions in
> all the other variants.

Agreed.
 
> 
> 
> All of the rest of the crud in my earlier email was just implementation details.  The
> point I was trying to make was that I think it's possible to implement this without making
> too much of a mess internally.  I think I favor the mprotect() approach since it makes the
> behavior fairly obvious.
> 
> I don't think any of this needs to change for SGX2.  We'd have an
> ioctl() that does EAUG and specifies MAXPERM.  Trying to mprotect() a page that hasn't
> been added yet with any permission other than PROT_NONE would fail.  I suppose we might
> end up needing a way to let the EAUG operation *change* MAXPERM, and this operation would
> have to do some more LSM checks and walk all the existing mappings to make sure they're
> consistent with the new MAXPERM.

EAUG ioctl could be a solution, but isn't optimal at least. What we've done is #PF based. Specifically, an SGX2 enclave will have its heap mapped as RW, but without any pages populated before EINIT. Then when the enclave needs a new page in its heap, it issues EACCEPT, which will cause a #PF and the driver will respond by EAUG a new EPC page. And then the enclave will be resumed and the faulted EACCEPT will be retried (and succeed). 

> 
> As an aside, I wonder if Linus et all would be okay with a new MAP_FULLY_ALIGNED mmap()
> flag that allocated memory aligned to the requested size.  Then we could get rid of yet
> another bit of magic.
> 
> --Andy

I've also got a chance to think more about it lately. 

When we talk about EPC page permissions with SGX2 in mind, I think we should distinguish between initial permissions and runtime permissions. Initial permissions refer to the page permissions set at EADD. They are technically set by "untrusted" code so should go by policies similar to those applicable to regular shared objects. Runtime permissions refer to the permissions granted by EMODPE, EAUG and EACCEPTCOPY. They are resulted from inherent behavior of the enclave, which in theory is determined by the enclave's measurements (MRENCLAVE and/or MRSIGNER).

And we have 2 distinct files to work with - the enclave file and /dev/sgx/enclave. And I consider the enclave file a logical source for initial permissions while /dev/sgx/enclave is a means to control runtime permissions. Then we can have a simpler approach like the pseudo code below.

/**
 * Summary:
 * - The enclave file resembles a shared object that contains RO/RX/RW segments
 * - FILE__* are assigned to /dev/sgx/enclave, to determine acceptable permissions to mmap()/mprotect(), valid combinations are
 *   + FILE__READ - Allow SGX1 enclaves only
 *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expand data segments (e.g. heaps, stacks, etc.)
 *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expend both data and code segments. This is necessary to support dynamically linked enclaves (e.g. Graphene)
 *   + FILE__READ|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow RW->RX changes for SGX1 enclaves - necessary to support dynamically linked enclaves (e.g. Graphene) on SGX1. EXECMEM is also required for this to work
 *   + <None> - Disallow the calling process to launch any enclaves
 */

/* Step 1: mmap() the enclave file according to the segment attributes (similar to what dlopen() would do for regular shared objects) */
int image_fd = open("/path/to/enclave/file", O_RDONLY);
foreach phdr in loadable segments /* phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD */ {
    /* <segment permission> below is subject to LSM checks */
    loadable_segments[i] = mmap(NULL, phdr->p_memsz, MAP_PRIATE, <segment permission>, image_fd, phdr->p_offset);
}

/* Step 2: Create enclave */
int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDONLY /* or O_RDWR for SGX2 enclaves */);
void *enclave_base = mmap(NULL, <enclave size>, MAP_SHARED, PROT_READ, enclave_fd, 0); /* Only FILE__READ is required here */
ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_ECREATE, ...);

/* Step 3: EADD and map initial EPC pages */
foreach s in loadable_segments {
    /* IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT will make sure s->perm is a subset of VMA permissions of the source pages, and use that as *both* EPCM and VMA permissions).
     * Given enclave_fd may have FILE__READ only, LSM has to be bypassed so the "mmap" part has to be done inside the driver.
     * Initial EPC pages will be mapped only once, so no inode is needed to remember the initial permissions. mmap/mprotect afterwards are subject to FILE__* on /dev/sgx/enclave
     * The key point here is: permissions of source pages govern initial permissions of EADD'ed pages, regardless FILE__* on /dev/sgx/enclave
     */
    ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT, s->base, s->size, s->perm...);
}
/* EADD other enclave components, e.g. TCS, stacks, heaps, etc. */
ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT, tcs, 0x1000, RW | PT_TCS...);
ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT, <zero page>, <stack size>, RW...);
...

/* Step 4 (SGX2 only): Reserve ranges for additional heaps, stacks, etc. */
/* FILE__WRITE required to allow expansion of data segments at runtime */
/* Key point here is: permissions, if needed to change at runtime, are subject to FILL__* on /dev/sgx/enclave */ 
mprotect(<heap address>, <heap size>, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE); 

/* Step 5: EINIT */
ioctl(IOC_EINIT, <sigstruct>...);

/* Step 6 (SGX2 only): Set RX for dynamically loaded code pages (e.g. Graphene, encrypted enclaves, etc.) as needed, at runtime */
/* FILE__EXECUTE required */
mprotect(<RX address>, <RX size>, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC);

-Cedric

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23 15:38                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-23 23:40                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-24 14:44                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-27 13:48                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-24 14:44 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski, Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/23/19 11:38 AM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 7:17 AM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>>
>> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
>>> On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>>> But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE since the
>>>> LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE would be needed to
>>>> mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self thought mmap()
>>>> bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that mmap()'ng an existing
>>>> enclave would require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back
>>>> at square one.
>>>
>>> I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.
>>
>> As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to have
>> FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably
>> other LSMs have similar requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
>> FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add much
>> value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an enclave that is
>> being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
>> generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.
>>
>> Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring FILE__EXECUTE
>> to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE that we're trying to
>> special case.
>>
> 
> I thought about this some more, and I have a new proposal that helps
> address the ELRANGE alignment issue and the permission issue at the
> cost of some extra verbosity.  Maybe you all can poke holes in it :)
> The basic idea is to make everything more explicit from a user's
> perspective.  Here's how it works:
> 
> Opening /dev/sgx/enclave gives an enclave_fd that, by design, doesn't
> give EXECUTE or WRITE.  mmap() on the enclave_fd only works if you
> pass PROT_NONE and gives the correct alignment.  The resulting VMA
> cannot be mprotected or mremapped.  It can't be mmapped at all until
> after ECREATE because the alignment isn't known before that.
> 
> Associated with the enclave are a bunch (up to 7) "enclave segment
> inodes".  These are anon_inodes that are created automagically.  An
> enclave segment is a group of pages, not necessary contiguous, with an
> upper bound on the memory permissions.  Each enclave page belongs to a
> segment.  When you do EADD, you tell the driver what segment you're
> adding to. [0]  This means that EADD gets an extra argument that is a
> permission mask for the page -- in addition to the initial SECINFO,
> you also pass to EADD something to the effect of "I promise never to
> map this with permissions greater than RX".
> 
> Then we just need some way to mmap a region from an enclave segment.
> This could be done by having a way to get an fd for an enclave segment
> or it could be done by having a new ioctl SGX_IOC_MAP_SEGMENT.  User
> code would use this operation to replace, MAP_FIXED-style, ranges from
> the big PROT_NONE mapping with the relevant pages from the enclave
> segment.  The resulting vma would only have VM_MAYWRITE if the segment
> is W, only have VM_MAYEXEC if the segment is X, and only have
> VM_MAYREAD if the segment is R.  Depending on implementation details,
> the VMAs might need to restrict mremap() to avoid mapping pages that
> aren't part of the segment in question.
> 
> It's plausible that this whole thing works without the magic segment
> inodes under the hood, but figuring that out would need a careful look
> at how all the core mm bits and LSM bits work together.
> 
> To get all the LSM stuff to work, SELinux will need some way to
> automatically assign an appropriate label to the segment inodes.  I
> assume that such a mechanism already exists and gets used for things
> like sockets, but I haven't actually confirmed this.

I don't follow that.  socket inodes are not anon inodes, and anon inodes 
have no per-instance data by definition, and typically you're only 
dealing with a single anon inode for all files, and hence they were long 
ago marked S_PRIVATE and exempted from all LSM checking except for 
EXECMEM on mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC.  We have no way to perform useful 
security checking on them currently.  socket inodes we can label from 
their creating process but even that's not going to support multiple 
labels for different sockets created by the same process unless the 
process explicitly used setsockcreatecon(3) aka /proc/self/attr/sockcreate

> 
> [0] There needs to be some vaguely intelligent semantics if you EADD
> the *same* address more than once.  A simple solution would be to
> disallow it if the segments don't match.
> 


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24  7:24                                                       ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-24 15:41                                                         ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-24 16:57                                                           ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 17:42                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 16:43                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-24 15:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, Christopherson, Sean J
  Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/24/19 3:24 AM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> Hi Andy,
> 
>> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
>> Sent: Thursday, May 23, 2019 6:18 PM
>>
>> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 4:40 PM Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
>> wrote:
>>>
>>> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 08:38:17AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>>> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 7:17 AM Sean Christopherson
>>>> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
>>>>>> On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>>>>>> But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE
>>>>>>> since the LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE
>>>>>>> would be needed to
>>>>>>> mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self
>>>>>>> thought mmap() bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that
>>>>>>> mmap()'ng an existing enclave would require FILE__WRITE and
>>>>>>> FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back at square one.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.
>>>>>
>>>>> As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to
>>>>> have FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on
>>>>> /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably other LSMs have similar
>>>>> requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
>>>>> FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add
>>>>> much value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an
>>>>> enclave that is being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
>> generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.
>>>>>
>>>>> Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring
>>>>> FILE__EXECUTE to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE
>>>>> that we're trying to special case.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I thought about this some more, and I have a new proposal that helps
>>>> address the ELRANGE alignment issue and the permission issue at the
>>>> cost of some extra verbosity.  Maybe you all can poke holes in it :)
>>>> The basic idea is to make everything more explicit from a user's
>>>> perspective.  Here's how it works:
>>>>
>>>> Opening /dev/sgx/enclave gives an enclave_fd that, by design,
>>>> doesn't give EXECUTE or WRITE.  mmap() on the enclave_fd only works
>>>> if you pass PROT_NONE and gives the correct alignment.  The
>>>> resulting VMA cannot be mprotected or mremapped.  It can't be
>>>> mmapped at all until
>>>
>>> I assume you're thinking of clearing all VM_MAY* flags in sgx_mmap()?
>>>
>>>> after ECREATE because the alignment isn't known before that.
>>>
>>> I don't follow.  The alignment is known because userspace knows the
>>> size of its enclave.  The initial unknown is the address, but that
>>> becomes known once the initial mmap() completes.
>>
>> [...]
>>
>> I think I made the mistake of getting too carried away with implementation details rather
>> than just getting to the point.  And I misremembered the ECREATE flow -- oops.  Let me try
>> again.  First, here are some problems with some earlier proposals (mine, yours
>> Cedric's):
>>
>>   - Having the EADD operation always work but have different effects depending on the
>> source memory permissions is, at the very least, confusing.
> 
> Inheriting permissions from source pages IMHO is the easiest way to validate the EPC permissions without any changes to LSM. And the argument about its security is also easy to make.
> 
> I understand that it may take some effort to document it properly but otherwise don't see any practical issues with it.
> 
>>
>>   - If we want to encourage user programs to be well-behaved, we want to make it easy to
>> map the RX parts of an enclave RX, the RW parts RW, the RO parts R, etc.  But this
>> interacts poorly with the sgx_mmap() alignment magic, as you've pointed out.
>>
>>   - We don't want to couple LSMs with SGX too tightly.
>>
>> So here's how a nice interface might work:
>>
>> int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR);
>>
>> /* enclave_fd points to a totally blank enclave. Before ECREATE, we need to decide on an
>> address. */
>>
>> void *addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
>>
>> /* we have an address! */
>>
>> ioctl(enclave_fd, ECREATE, ...);
>>
>> /* now add some data to the enclave.  We want the RWX addition to fail
>> immediately unless we have the relevant LSM pemission.   Similarly, we
>> want the RX addition to fail immediately unless the source VMA is appropriate. */
>>
>> ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rx_source_1, MAXPERM=RX, ...);  [the ...
>> includes SECINFO, which the kernel doesn't really care about] ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD,
>> ro_source_1, MAXPERM=RX ...); ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rw_source_1, MAXPERM=RW ...);
>> ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rwx_source_1, MAXPERM=RWX ...);
> 
> If MAXPERM is taken from ioctl parameters, the real question here is how to validate MAXPERM. Guess we shouldn't allow arbitrary MAXPERM to be specified by user code, and the only logical source I can think of is from the source pages (or from the enclave source file, but memory mapping is preferred because it offers more flexibility).
>   
>>
>> ioctl(enclave_fd, EINIT, ...);  /* presumably pass sigstruct_fd here, too. */
>>
>> /* at this point, all is well except that the enclave is mapped PROT_NONE. There are a
>> couple ways I can imagine to fix this. */
>>
>> We could use mmap:
>>
>> mmap(baseaddr+offset, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED | MAP_FIXED, enclave_fd, 0);  /* only
>> succeeds if MAXPERM & R == R */
>>
>> But this has some annoying implications with regard to sgx_get_unmapped_area().  We could
>> use an ioctl:
> 
> There's an easy fix. Just let sgx_get_unmapped_area() do the natural alignment only if MAP_FIXED is *not* set, otherwise, honor both address and len.
> 
> But mmap() is subject to LSM check (probably against /dev/sgx/enclave?). How to do mmap(RX) if FILE__EXECUTE is *not* granted for /dev/sgx/enclave, even if MAXPERM=RX?
> 
>>
>> ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_MPROTECT, offset, len, PROT_READ);
>>
>> which has the potentially nice property that we can completely bypass the LSM hooks,
>> because the LSM has *already* vetted everything when the EADD calls were allowed.  Or we
>> could maybe even just use
>> mprotect() itself:
>>
>> mprotect(baseaddr + offset, len, PROT_READ);
> 
> How to bypass LSM hooks in this mprotect()?
> 
>>
>> Or, for the really evil option, we could use a bit of magic in .fault and do nothing here.
>> Instead we'd make the initial mapping PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC and have .fault
>> actually instantiate the PTEs with the intersection of the VMA permissions and MAXPERM.  I
>> don't think I like this alternative, since it feels more magical than needed and it will
>> be harder to debug.  I like the fact that /proc/self/maps shows the actual permissions in
>> all the other variants.
> 
> Agreed.
>   
>>
>>
>> All of the rest of the crud in my earlier email was just implementation details.  The
>> point I was trying to make was that I think it's possible to implement this without making
>> too much of a mess internally.  I think I favor the mprotect() approach since it makes the
>> behavior fairly obvious.
>>
>> I don't think any of this needs to change for SGX2.  We'd have an
>> ioctl() that does EAUG and specifies MAXPERM.  Trying to mprotect() a page that hasn't
>> been added yet with any permission other than PROT_NONE would fail.  I suppose we might
>> end up needing a way to let the EAUG operation *change* MAXPERM, and this operation would
>> have to do some more LSM checks and walk all the existing mappings to make sure they're
>> consistent with the new MAXPERM.
> 
> EAUG ioctl could be a solution, but isn't optimal at least. What we've done is #PF based. Specifically, an SGX2 enclave will have its heap mapped as RW, but without any pages populated before EINIT. Then when the enclave needs a new page in its heap, it issues EACCEPT, which will cause a #PF and the driver will respond by EAUG a new EPC page. And then the enclave will be resumed and the faulted EACCEPT will be retried (and succeed).
> 
>>
>> As an aside, I wonder if Linus et all would be okay with a new MAP_FULLY_ALIGNED mmap()
>> flag that allocated memory aligned to the requested size.  Then we could get rid of yet
>> another bit of magic.
>>
>> --Andy
> 
> I've also got a chance to think more about it lately.
> 
> When we talk about EPC page permissions with SGX2 in mind, I think we should distinguish between initial permissions and runtime permissions. Initial permissions refer to the page permissions set at EADD. They are technically set by "untrusted" code so should go by policies similar to those applicable to regular shared objects. Runtime permissions refer to the permissions granted by EMODPE, EAUG and EACCEPTCOPY. They are resulted from inherent behavior of the enclave, which in theory is determined by the enclave's measurements (MRENCLAVE and/or MRSIGNER).
> 
> And we have 2 distinct files to work with - the enclave file and /dev/sgx/enclave. And I consider the enclave file a logical source for initial permissions while /dev/sgx/enclave is a means to control runtime permissions. Then we can have a simpler approach like the pseudo code below.
> 
> /**
>   * Summary:
>   * - The enclave file resembles a shared object that contains RO/RX/RW segments
>   * - FILE__* are assigned to /dev/sgx/enclave, to determine acceptable permissions to mmap()/mprotect(), valid combinations are
>   *   + FILE__READ - Allow SGX1 enclaves only
>   *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expand data segments (e.g. heaps, stacks, etc.)
>   *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expend both data and code segments. This is necessary to support dynamically linked enclaves (e.g. Graphene)
>   *   + FILE__READ|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow RW->RX changes for SGX1 enclaves - necessary to support dynamically linked enclaves (e.g. Graphene) on SGX1. EXECMEM is also required for this to work

I think EXECMOD would fit better than EXECMEM for this case; the former 
is applied for RW->RX changes for private file mappings while the latter 
is applied for WX private file mappings.

>   *   + <None> - Disallow the calling process to launch any enclaves
>   */
> 
> /* Step 1: mmap() the enclave file according to the segment attributes (similar to what dlopen() would do for regular shared objects) */
> int image_fd = open("/path/to/enclave/file", O_RDONLY);

FILE__READ checked to enclave file upon open().

> foreach phdr in loadable segments /* phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD */ {
>      /* <segment permission> below is subject to LSM checks */
>      loadable_segments[i] = mmap(NULL, phdr->p_memsz, MAP_PRIATE, <segment permission>, image_fd, phdr->p_offset);

FILE__READ revalidated and FILE__EXECUTE checked to enclave file upon 
mmap() for PROT_READ and PROT_EXEC respectively.  FILE__WRITE not 
checked even for PROT_WRITE mappings since it is a private file mapping 
and writes do not reach the file.  EXECMEM checked if any segment 
permission has both W and X simultaneously.  EXECMOD checked on any 
subsequent mprotect() RW->RX changes (if modified).

> }
> 
> /* Step 2: Create enclave */
> int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDONLY /* or O_RDWR for SGX2 enclaves */);

FILE__READ checked (SGX1) or both FILE__READ and FILE__WRITE checked 
(SGX2) to /dev/sgx/enclave upon open().  Assuming that we are returning 
an open file referencing the /dev/sgx/enclave inode and not an anon 
inode, else we lose all subsequent FILE__* checking on mmap/mprotect and 
trigger EXECMEM on any mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC.

> void *enclave_base = mmap(NULL, <enclave size>, MAP_SHARED, PROT_READ, enclave_fd, 0); /* Only FILE__READ is required here */

FILE__READ revalidated to /dev/sgx/enclave upon mmap().

> ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_ECREATE, ...);
> 
> /* Step 3: EADD and map initial EPC pages */
> foreach s in loadable_segments {
>      /* IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT will make sure s->perm is a subset of VMA permissions of the source pages, and use that as *both* EPCM and VMA permissions).
>       * Given enclave_fd may have FILE__READ only, LSM has to be bypassed so the "mmap" part has to be done inside the driver.
>       * Initial EPC pages will be mapped only once, so no inode is needed to remember the initial permissions. mmap/mprotect afterwards are subject to FILE__* on /dev/sgx/enclave
>       * The key point here is: permissions of source pages govern initial permissions of EADD'ed pages, regardless FILE__* on /dev/sgx/enclave
>       */
>      ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT, s->base, s->size, s->perm...);
> }
> /* EADD other enclave components, e.g. TCS, stacks, heaps, etc. */
> ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT, tcs, 0x1000, RW | PT_TCS...);
> ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT, <zero page>, <stack size>, RW...);
> ...
> 
> /* Step 4 (SGX2 only): Reserve ranges for additional heaps, stacks, etc. */
> /* FILE__WRITE required to allow expansion of data segments at runtime */
> /* Key point here is: permissions, if needed to change at runtime, are subject to FILL__* on /dev/sgx/enclave */
> mprotect(<heap address>, <heap size>, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);

FILE__READ and FILE__WRITE revalidated to /dev/sgx/enclave upon mprotect().

> 
> /* Step 5: EINIT */
> ioctl(IOC_EINIT, <sigstruct>...);
> 
> /* Step 6 (SGX2 only): Set RX for dynamically loaded code pages (e.g. Graphene, encrypted enclaves, etc.) as needed, at runtime */
> /* FILE__EXECUTE required */
> mprotect(<RX address>, <RX size>, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC);

FILE__READ revalidated and FILE__EXECUTE checked to /dev/sgx/enclave 
upon mprotect().  Cumulative set of checks at this point is 
FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE.

What would the step be for a SGX1 RW->RX change?  How would that trigger 
EXECMOD?  Do we really need to distinguish it from the SGX2 dynamically 
loaded code case?

> 
> -Cedric
> 


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24  7:24                                                       ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 15:41                                                         ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-24 16:43                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-24 17:07                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-24 16:43 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Christopherson, Sean J, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	Stephen Smalley, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:24 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Andy,
>
> > From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> > Sent: Thursday, May 23, 2019 6:18 PM
> >
> > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 4:40 PM Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 08:38:17AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 7:17 AM Sean Christopherson
> > > > <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > > > > > On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > > > > > But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE
> > > > > > > since the LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE
> > > > > > > would be needed to
> > > > > > > mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self
> > > > > > > thought mmap() bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that
> > > > > > > mmap()'ng an existing enclave would require FILE__WRITE and
> > > > > > > FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back at square one.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.
> > > > >
> > > > > As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to
> > > > > have FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on
> > > > > /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably other LSMs have similar
> > > > > requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
> > > > > FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add
> > > > > much value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an
> > > > > enclave that is being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
> > generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.
> > > > >
> > > > > Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring
> > > > > FILE__EXECUTE to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE
> > > > > that we're trying to special case.
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > > I thought about this some more, and I have a new proposal that helps
> > > > address the ELRANGE alignment issue and the permission issue at the
> > > > cost of some extra verbosity.  Maybe you all can poke holes in it :)
> > > > The basic idea is to make everything more explicit from a user's
> > > > perspective.  Here's how it works:
> > > >
> > > > Opening /dev/sgx/enclave gives an enclave_fd that, by design,
> > > > doesn't give EXECUTE or WRITE.  mmap() on the enclave_fd only works
> > > > if you pass PROT_NONE and gives the correct alignment.  The
> > > > resulting VMA cannot be mprotected or mremapped.  It can't be
> > > > mmapped at all until
> > >
> > > I assume you're thinking of clearing all VM_MAY* flags in sgx_mmap()?
> > >
> > > > after ECREATE because the alignment isn't known before that.
> > >
> > > I don't follow.  The alignment is known because userspace knows the
> > > size of its enclave.  The initial unknown is the address, but that
> > > becomes known once the initial mmap() completes.
> >
> > [...]
> >
> > I think I made the mistake of getting too carried away with implementation details rather
> > than just getting to the point.  And I misremembered the ECREATE flow -- oops.  Let me try
> > again.  First, here are some problems with some earlier proposals (mine, yours
> > Cedric's):
> >
> >  - Having the EADD operation always work but have different effects depending on the
> > source memory permissions is, at the very least, confusing.
>
> Inheriting permissions from source pages IMHO is the easiest way to validate the EPC permissions without any changes to LSM. And the argument about its security is also easy to make.
>
> I understand that it may take some effort to document it properly but otherwise don't see any practical issues with it.

My objection is to the fact that it's implicit.  I have no problem
with some operation succeeding if the source address is X and failing
if it's !X, but I don't think it's fantastic to have it succeed in
either case but do different things.

For what it's worth, while this is a bit of a theoretical issue for X,
but I think it's a real problem with W.  To avoid accidentally mapping
an enclave page X and then later mapping the same page W (potentially
in a different VMA), I think it will be a lot simpler if the driver
can track which pages are allowed to ever be W.  We definitely *don't*
want an interface in which the eventual writability of a page is
inferred from the W permission on the source address, since we do
*not* want to force anyone to map their enclave file PROT_WRITE or
even to open it O_RDWR.

With the explicit MAXPERM passed in, this issue goes away.  You can
specify W if you want W.

>
> >
> >  - If we want to encourage user programs to be well-behaved, we want to make it easy to
> > map the RX parts of an enclave RX, the RW parts RW, the RO parts R, etc.  But this
> > interacts poorly with the sgx_mmap() alignment magic, as you've pointed out.
> >
> >  - We don't want to couple LSMs with SGX too tightly.
> >
> > So here's how a nice interface might work:
> >
> > int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDWR);
> >
> > /* enclave_fd points to a totally blank enclave. Before ECREATE, we need to decide on an
> > address. */
> >
> > void *addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, MAP_SHARED, enclave_fd, 0);
> >
> > /* we have an address! */
> >
> > ioctl(enclave_fd, ECREATE, ...);
> >
> > /* now add some data to the enclave.  We want the RWX addition to fail
> > immediately unless we have the relevant LSM pemission.   Similarly, we
> > want the RX addition to fail immediately unless the source VMA is appropriate. */
> >
> > ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rx_source_1, MAXPERM=RX, ...);  [the ...
> > includes SECINFO, which the kernel doesn't really care about] ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD,
> > ro_source_1, MAXPERM=RX ...); ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rw_source_1, MAXPERM=RW ...);
> > ioctl(enclave_fd, EADD, rwx_source_1, MAXPERM=RWX ...);
>
> If MAXPERM is taken from ioctl parameters, the real question here is how to validate MAXPERM. Guess we shouldn't allow arbitrary MAXPERM to be specified by user code, and the only logical source I can think of is from the source pages (or from the enclave source file, but memory mapping is preferred because it offers more flexibility).

That's exactly what I intended here.  If you specify MAXPERM=RX, then
the kernel can validate that the source address is executable.

>
> >
> > ioctl(enclave_fd, EINIT, ...);  /* presumably pass sigstruct_fd here, too. */
> >
> > /* at this point, all is well except that the enclave is mapped PROT_NONE. There are a
> > couple ways I can imagine to fix this. */
> >
> > We could use mmap:
> >
> > mmap(baseaddr+offset, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED | MAP_FIXED, enclave_fd, 0);  /* only
> > succeeds if MAXPERM & R == R */
> >
> > But this has some annoying implications with regard to sgx_get_unmapped_area().  We could
> > use an ioctl:
>
> There's an easy fix. Just let sgx_get_unmapped_area() do the natural alignment only if MAP_FIXED is *not* set, otherwise, honor both address and len.
>
> But mmap() is subject to LSM check (probably against /dev/sgx/enclave?). How to do mmap(RX) if FILE__EXECUTE is *not* granted for /dev/sgx/enclave, even if MAXPERM=RX?

I think we just let /dev/sgx/enclave be FILE__EXECUTE.  We don't
*have* to make it so that FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE on
/dev/sgx/enclave means you can create RWX enclave mappings.

>
> >
> > ioctl(enclave_fd, SGX_IOC_MPROTECT, offset, len, PROT_READ);
> >
> > which has the potentially nice property that we can completely bypass the LSM hooks,
> > because the LSM has *already* vetted everything when the EADD calls were allowed.  Or we
> > could maybe even just use
> > mprotect() itself:
> >
> > mprotect(baseaddr + offset, len, PROT_READ);
>
> How to bypass LSM hooks in this mprotect()?

Hmm.  I guess we either use FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE or we use ioctl().

>
> >
> > Or, for the really evil option, we could use a bit of magic in .fault and do nothing here.
> > Instead we'd make the initial mapping PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC and have .fault
> > actually instantiate the PTEs with the intersection of the VMA permissions and MAXPERM.  I
> > don't think I like this alternative, since it feels more magical than needed and it will
> > be harder to debug.  I like the fact that /proc/self/maps shows the actual permissions in
> > all the other variants.
>
> Agreed.
>
> >
> >
> > All of the rest of the crud in my earlier email was just implementation details.  The
> > point I was trying to make was that I think it's possible to implement this without making
> > too much of a mess internally.  I think I favor the mprotect() approach since it makes the
> > behavior fairly obvious.
> >
> > I don't think any of this needs to change for SGX2.  We'd have an
> > ioctl() that does EAUG and specifies MAXPERM.  Trying to mprotect() a page that hasn't
> > been added yet with any permission other than PROT_NONE would fail.  I suppose we might
> > end up needing a way to let the EAUG operation *change* MAXPERM, and this operation would
> > have to do some more LSM checks and walk all the existing mappings to make sure they're
> > consistent with the new MAXPERM.
>
> EAUG ioctl could be a solution, but isn't optimal at least. What we've done is #PF based. Specifically, an SGX2 enclave will have its heap mapped as RW, but without any pages populated before EINIT. Then when the enclave needs a new page in its heap, it issues EACCEPT, which will cause a #PF and the driver will respond by EAUG a new EPC page. And then the enclave will be resumed and the faulted EACCEPT will be retried (and succeed).
>

If the driver works like that, then whatever call sets up this lazily
allocated heap could do the MAXPERM part.

That being said, is the performance advantage from putting this logic
in the kernel instead of in the untrusted part of the SDK really
worthwhile?

> >
> > As an aside, I wonder if Linus et all would be okay with a new MAP_FULLY_ALIGNED mmap()
> > flag that allocated memory aligned to the requested size.  Then we could get rid of yet
> > another bit of magic.
> >
> > --Andy
>
> I've also got a chance to think more about it lately.
>
> When we talk about EPC page permissions with SGX2 in mind, I think we should distinguish between initial permissions and runtime permissions. Initial permissions refer to the page permissions set at EADD. They are technically set by "untrusted" code so should go by policies similar to those applicable to regular shared objects. Runtime permissions refer to the permissions granted by EMODPE, EAUG and EACCEPTCOPY. They are resulted from inherent behavior of the enclave, which in theory is determined by the enclave's measurements (MRENCLAVE and/or MRSIGNER).
>
> And we have 2 distinct files to work with - the enclave file and /dev/sgx/enclave. And I consider the enclave file a logical source for initial permissions while /dev/sgx/enclave is a means to control runtime permissions. Then we can have a simpler approach like the pseudo code below.
>
> /**
>  * Summary:
>  * - The enclave file resembles a shared object that contains RO/RX/RW segments
>  * - FILE__* are assigned to /dev/sgx/enclave, to determine acceptable permissions to mmap()/mprotect(), valid combinations are
>  *   + FILE__READ - Allow SGX1 enclaves only
>  *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expand data segments (e.g. heaps, stacks, etc.)

I think this is a non-starter :(  FILE__WRITE also means that you can
write to the file, and the admin / policy author will almost never
want to allow that.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 15:41                                                         ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-24 16:57                                                           ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 17:42                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-24 16:57 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley, Andy Lutomirski, Christopherson, Sean J
  Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

Hi Stephen,

> On 5/24/19 3:24 AM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> >
> > When we talk about EPC page permissions with SGX2 in mind, I think we
> should distinguish between initial permissions and runtime permissions.
> Initial permissions refer to the page permissions set at EADD. They are
> technically set by "untrusted" code so should go by policies similar to
> those applicable to regular shared objects. Runtime permissions refer to
> the permissions granted by EMODPE, EAUG and EACCEPTCOPY. They are
> resulted from inherent behavior of the enclave, which in theory is
> determined by the enclave's measurements (MRENCLAVE and/or MRSIGNER).
> >
> > And we have 2 distinct files to work with - the enclave file and
> /dev/sgx/enclave. And I consider the enclave file a logical source for
> initial permissions while /dev/sgx/enclave is a means to control runtime
> permissions. Then we can have a simpler approach like the pseudo code
> below.
> >
> > /**
> >   * Summary:
> >   * - The enclave file resembles a shared object that contains
> RO/RX/RW segments
> >   * - FILE__* are assigned to /dev/sgx/enclave, to determine
> acceptable permissions to mmap()/mprotect(), valid combinations are
> >   *   + FILE__READ - Allow SGX1 enclaves only
> >   *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expand data
> segments (e.g. heaps, stacks, etc.)
> >   *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to
> expend both data and code segments. This is necessary to support
> dynamically linked enclaves (e.g. Graphene)
> >   *   + FILE__READ|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow RW->RX changes for SGX1
> enclaves - necessary to support dynamically linked enclaves (e.g.
> Graphene) on SGX1. EXECMEM is also required for this to work
> 
> I think EXECMOD would fit better than EXECMEM for this case; the former
> is applied for RW->RX changes for private file mappings while the latter
> is applied for WX private file mappings.
> 
> >   *   + <None> - Disallow the calling process to launch any enclaves
> >   */
> >
> > /* Step 1: mmap() the enclave file according to the segment attributes
> > (similar to what dlopen() would do for regular shared objects) */ int
> > image_fd = open("/path/to/enclave/file", O_RDONLY);
> 
> FILE__READ checked to enclave file upon open().

Yes. We'd like to have the enclave file pass LSM/IMA checks and let EPC pages "inherit" the permissions from it as "initial" permissions.

> 
> > foreach phdr in loadable segments /* phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD */ {
> >      /* <segment permission> below is subject to LSM checks */
> >      loadable_segments[i] = mmap(NULL, phdr->p_memsz, MAP_PRIATE,
> > <segment permission>, image_fd, phdr->p_offset);
> 
> FILE__READ revalidated and FILE__EXECUTE checked to enclave file upon
> mmap() for PROT_READ and PROT_EXEC respectively.  FILE__WRITE not
> checked even for PROT_WRITE mappings since it is a private file mapping
> and writes do not reach the file.  EXECMEM checked if any segment
> permission has both W and X simultaneously.  EXECMOD checked on any
> subsequent mprotect() RW->RX changes (if modified).

Yes. The intention here is to make sure all X pages come directly from file (unless EXECMEM or EXECMOD is granted). And because the driver will grant X only if the source page also has X, we can assert that all executable EPC pages are loaded from a file that has passed LSM/IMA checks.

> 
> > }
> >
> > /* Step 2: Create enclave */
> > int enclave_fd = open("/dev/sgx/enclave", O_RDONLY /* or O_RDWR for
> > SGX2 enclaves */);
> 
> FILE__READ checked (SGX1) or both FILE__READ and FILE__WRITE checked
> (SGX2) to /dev/sgx/enclave upon open().  Assuming that we are returning
> an open file referencing the /dev/sgx/enclave inode and not an anon
> inode, else we lose all subsequent FILE__* checking on mmap/mprotect and
> trigger EXECMEM on any mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC.

Yes, the returned fd will be referencing /dev/sgx/enclave. The intention here is to limit EPC "runtime" permissions by the permissions granted to /dev/sgx/enclave, in order to allow user/administrator to specify what kinds of enclaves a given process can launch. Per your earlier comments, FILE__EXECMOD is probably also needed to support dynamically linked enclaves (that require RW->RX changes).

> 
> > void *enclave_base = mmap(NULL, <enclave size>, MAP_SHARED, PROT_READ,
> > enclave_fd, 0); /* Only FILE__READ is required here */
> 
> FILE__READ revalidated to /dev/sgx/enclave upon mmap().

Yes. This mmap() is to set "default" permissions for regions that do *not* have EPC pages populated. It is significant only for SGX2, to specify what action to take by the SGX driver upon #PF with those regions. For example, a R attempt (usually triggered by EACCEPT) within a RW region will cause SGX driver to EAUG a page at the fault address.

> 
> > ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_ECREATE, ...);
> >
> > /* Step 3: EADD and map initial EPC pages */ foreach s in
> > loadable_segments {
> >      /* IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT will make sure s->perm is a subset of
> VMA permissions of the source pages, and use that as *both* EPCM and VMA
> permissions).
> >       * Given enclave_fd may have FILE__READ only, LSM has to be
> bypassed so the "mmap" part has to be done inside the driver.
> >       * Initial EPC pages will be mapped only once, so no inode is
> needed to remember the initial permissions. mmap/mprotect afterwards are
> subject to FILE__* on /dev/sgx/enclave
> >       * The key point here is: permissions of source pages govern
> initial permissions of EADD'ed pages, regardless FILE__* on
> /dev/sgx/enclave
> >       */
> >      ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT, s->base, s->size,
> > s->perm...); }
> > /* EADD other enclave components, e.g. TCS, stacks, heaps, etc. */
> > ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT, tcs, 0x1000, RW |
> > PT_TCS...); ioctl(enclave_fd, IOC_EADD_AND_MAP_SEGMENT, <zero page>,
> > <stack size>, RW...); ...
> >
> > /* Step 4 (SGX2 only): Reserve ranges for additional heaps, stacks,
> > etc. */
> > /* FILE__WRITE required to allow expansion of data segments at runtime
> > */
> > /* Key point here is: permissions, if needed to change at runtime, are
> > subject to FILL__* on /dev/sgx/enclave */ mprotect(<heap address>,
> > <heap size>, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
> 
> FILE__READ and FILE__WRITE revalidated to /dev/sgx/enclave upon
> mprotect().

Yes. The intention here is to limit "runtime" permissions by accesses granted to the calling process to /dev/sgx/enclave. The "initial" permissions are set by ioctl to bypass LSM, because they are derived/determined by the enclave file.

Alternatively, the driver can remember "initial" permissions for each EPC page at IOC_EADD, to be committed at IOC_EINIT. Then this new IOC_EADD_AND_MAP will not be needed. 

> 
> >
> > /* Step 5: EINIT */
> > ioctl(IOC_EINIT, <sigstruct>...);
> >
> > /* Step 6 (SGX2 only): Set RX for dynamically loaded code pages (e.g.
> > Graphene, encrypted enclaves, etc.) as needed, at runtime */
> > /* FILE__EXECUTE required */
> > mprotect(<RX address>, <RX size>, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC);
> 
> FILE__READ revalidated and FILE__EXECUTE checked to /dev/sgx/enclave
> upon mprotect().  Cumulative set of checks at this point is
> FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE.
> 
> What would the step be for a SGX1 RW->RX change?  How would that trigger
> EXECMOD?  Do we really need to distinguish it from the SGX2 dynamically
> loaded code case?

Per your earlier comments, FILE__EXECMOD is also needed I think to allow RW->RX changes.

FILE__WRITE controls EAUG. I'm not judging its necessity, but just saying they are both valid combinations. To minimize impact to LSM, I don't want to special-case /dev/sgx/enclave. And the current semantics of FILE__* distinguish those two naturally.

BTW, there are usages, such as encrypted enclaves (https://github.com/intel/linux-sgx-pcl), requiring RW->RX but not EAUG. Graphene could also run on SGX1, provided that pages needed by shared objects are all pre-allocated before EINIT. All those could run without FILE__WRITE.

> 
> >
> > -Cedric
> >


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 16:43                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-24 17:07                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 17:51                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-24 17:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Jarkko Sakkinen, Stephen Smalley, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 09:43:27AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:24 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> > /**
> >  * Summary:
> >  * - The enclave file resembles a shared object that contains RO/RX/RW segments
> >  * - FILE__* are assigned to /dev/sgx/enclave, to determine acceptable permissions to mmap()/mprotect(), valid combinations are
> >  *   + FILE__READ - Allow SGX1 enclaves only
> >  *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expand data segments (e.g. heaps, stacks, etc.)
> 
> I think this is a non-starter :(  FILE__WRITE also means that you can
> write to the file, and the admin / policy author will almost never
> want to allow that.

Why would FILE__WRITE on /dev/sgx/enclave be a problem?  An actual
write to /dev/sgx/enclave would yield -EINVAL, no?

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 15:41                                                         ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-24 16:57                                                           ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-24 17:42                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-24 17:42 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:41:29AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> On 5/24/19 3:24 AM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> >/**
> >  * Summary:
> >  * - The enclave file resembles a shared object that contains RO/RX/RW segments
> >  * - FILE__* are assigned to /dev/sgx/enclave, to determine acceptable permissions to mmap()/mprotect(), valid combinations are
> >  *   + FILE__READ - Allow SGX1 enclaves only
> >  *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expand data segments (e.g. heaps, stacks, etc.)
> >  *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expend both data and code segments. This is necessary to support dynamically linked enclaves (e.g. Graphene)
> >  *   + FILE__READ|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow RW->RX changes for SGX1 enclaves - necessary to support dynamically linked enclaves (e.g. Graphene) on SGX1. EXECMEM is also required for this to work
> 
> I think EXECMOD would fit better than EXECMEM for this case; the former is
> applied for RW->RX changes for private file mappings while the latter is
> applied for WX private file mappings.
> 
> >  *   + <None> - Disallow the calling process to launch any enclaves
> >  */
> >
> >/* Step 1: mmap() the enclave file according to the segment attributes (similar to what dlopen() would do for regular shared objects) */
> >int image_fd = open("/path/to/enclave/file", O_RDONLY);
> 
> FILE__READ checked to enclave file upon open().
> 
> >foreach phdr in loadable segments /* phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD */ {
> >     /* <segment permission> below is subject to LSM checks */
> >     loadable_segments[i] = mmap(NULL, phdr->p_memsz, MAP_PRIATE, <segment permission>, image_fd, phdr->p_offset);
> 
> FILE__READ revalidated and FILE__EXECUTE checked to enclave file upon mmap()
> for PROT_READ and PROT_EXEC respectively.  FILE__WRITE not checked even for
> PROT_WRITE mappings since it is a private file mapping and writes do not
> reach the file.  EXECMEM checked if any segment permission has both W and X
> simultaneously.  EXECMOD checked on any subsequent mprotect() RW->RX changes
> (if modified).

Hmm, I've been thinking more about pulling permissions from the source
page.  Conceptually I'm not sure we need to meet the same requirements as
non-enclave DSOs while the enclave is being built, i.e. do we really need
to force userspace to fully map the enclave in normal memory?
 
Consider the Graphene scenario where it's building an enclave on the fly.
Pulling permissions from the source VMAs means Graphene has to map the
code pages of the enclave with X.  This means Graphene will need EXEDMOD
(or EXECMEM if Graphene isn't careful).  In a non-SGX scenario this makes
perfect sense since there is no way to verify the end result of RW->RX.

But for SGX, assuming enclaves are whitelisted by their sigstruct (checked
at EINIT) and because page permissions affect sigstruct.MRENCLAVE, it *is*
possible to verify the resulting RX contents.  E.g. for the purposes of
LSMs, can't we use the .sigstruct file as a proxy for the enclave and
require FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct inode to map/run the enclave?

Stephen, is my logic sound?


If so...

  - Require FILE__READ+FILE__EXECUTE on .sigstruct to mmap() the enclave.

  - Prevent userspace from mapping the enclave with permissions beyond the
    original permissions of the enclave.  This can be done by populating
    VM_MAY{READ,WRITE,EXEC} from the SECINFO (same basic concept as Andy's
    proposals).  E.g. pre-EINIT, mmap() and mprotect() can only succeed
    with PROT_NONE.

  - Require FILE__{READ,WRITE,EXECUTE} on /dev/sgx/enclave for simplicity,
    or provide an alternate SGX_IOC_MPROTECT if we want to sidestep the
    FILE__WRITE requirement.

No changes are required to LSMs, SGX1 has a single LSM touchpoint in its
mmap(), and I *think* the only required userspace change is to mmap()
PROT_NONE when allocating the enclave's virtual address range.

As for Graphene, it doesn't need extra permissions to run its enclaves,
it just needs a way to install .sigstruct, which is a generic permissions
problem and not SGX specific.


For SGX2 maybe:

  - No additional requirements to map an EAUG'd page as RW page.  Not
    aligned with standard MAP_SHARED behavior, but we really don't want
    to require FILE__WRITE, and thus allow writes to .sigstruct. 
 
  - Require FILE__EXECMOD on the .sigstruct to map previously writable
    page as executable (which indirectly includes all EAUG'd pages).
    Wiring this up will be a little funky, but we again we don't want
    to require FILE__WRITE on .sigstruct.


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 17:07                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-24 17:51                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-24 17:51 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Xing, Cedric, Jarkko Sakkinen, Stephen Smalley,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes


> On May 24, 2019, at 10:07 AM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> 
>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 09:43:27AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:24 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>>> /**
>>> * Summary:
>>> * - The enclave file resembles a shared object that contains RO/RX/RW segments
>>> * - FILE__* are assigned to /dev/sgx/enclave, to determine acceptable permissions to mmap()/mprotect(), valid combinations are
>>> *   + FILE__READ - Allow SGX1 enclaves only
>>> *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expand data segments (e.g. heaps, stacks, etc.)
>> 
>> I think this is a non-starter :(  FILE__WRITE also means that you can
>> write to the file, and the admin / policy author will almost never
>> want to allow that.
> 
> Why would FILE__WRITE on /dev/sgx/enclave be a problem?  An actual
> write to /dev/sgx/enclave would yield -EINVAL, no?

Bah, read it wrong — FILE__WRITE on the enclave file on disk is no good.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 17:42                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-24 17:56                                                               ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-24 17:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes



> On May 24, 2019, at 10:42 AM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> 
>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:41:29AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
>>> On 5/24/19 3:24 AM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>>> /**
>>> * Summary:
>>> * - The enclave file resembles a shared object that contains RO/RX/RW segments
>>> * - FILE__* are assigned to /dev/sgx/enclave, to determine acceptable permissions to mmap()/mprotect(), valid combinations are
>>> *   + FILE__READ - Allow SGX1 enclaves only
>>> *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expand data segments (e.g. heaps, stacks, etc.)
>>> *   + FILE__READ|FILE__WRITE|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow SGX2 enclaves to expend both data and code segments. This is necessary to support dynamically linked enclaves (e.g. Graphene)
>>> *   + FILE__READ|FILE__EXECUTE - Allow RW->RX changes for SGX1 enclaves - necessary to support dynamically linked enclaves (e.g. Graphene) on SGX1. EXECMEM is also required for this to work
>> 
>> I think EXECMOD would fit better than EXECMEM for this case; the former is
>> applied for RW->RX changes for private file mappings while the latter is
>> applied for WX private file mappings.
>> 
>>> *   + <None> - Disallow the calling process to launch any enclaves
>>> */
>>> 
>>> /* Step 1: mmap() the enclave file according to the segment attributes (similar to what dlopen() would do for regular shared objects) */
>>> int image_fd = open("/path/to/enclave/file", O_RDONLY);
>> 
>> FILE__READ checked to enclave file upon open().
>> 
>>> foreach phdr in loadable segments /* phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD */ {
>>>    /* <segment permission> below is subject to LSM checks */
>>>    loadable_segments[i] = mmap(NULL, phdr->p_memsz, MAP_PRIATE, <segment permission>, image_fd, phdr->p_offset);
>> 
>> FILE__READ revalidated and FILE__EXECUTE checked to enclave file upon mmap()
>> for PROT_READ and PROT_EXEC respectively.  FILE__WRITE not checked even for
>> PROT_WRITE mappings since it is a private file mapping and writes do not
>> reach the file.  EXECMEM checked if any segment permission has both W and X
>> simultaneously.  EXECMOD checked on any subsequent mprotect() RW->RX changes
>> (if modified).
> 
> Hmm, I've been thinking more about pulling permissions from the source
> page.  Conceptually I'm not sure we need to meet the same requirements as
> non-enclave DSOs while the enclave is being built, i.e. do we really need
> to force userspace to fully map the enclave in normal memory?
> 
> Consider the Graphene scenario where it's building an enclave on the fly.
> Pulling permissions from the source VMAs means Graphene has to map the
> code pages of the enclave with X.  This means Graphene will need EXEDMOD
> (or EXECMEM if Graphene isn't careful).  In a non-SGX scenario this makes
> perfect sense since there is no way to verify the end result of RW->RX.
> 
> But for SGX, assuming enclaves are whitelisted by their sigstruct (checked
> at EINIT) and because page permissions affect sigstruct.MRENCLAVE, it *is*
> possible to verify the resulting RX contents.  E.g. for the purposes of
> LSMs, can't we use the .sigstruct file as a proxy for the enclave and
> require FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct inode to map/run the enclave?

I think it’s sound for some but not all use cases. I would imagine that a lot of users won’t restrict sigstruct at all — the “use this as a sigstruct” permission will be granted to everything and maybe even to memfd. But even users like that might want to force their enclaves to be hardened such that writable pages are never executable, in which case Graphene may need an exception to run.

But maybe I’m nuts.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 17:42                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 18:34                                                               ` Xing, Cedric
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-24 17:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 10:42:43AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> Hmm, I've been thinking more about pulling permissions from the source
> page.  Conceptually I'm not sure we need to meet the same requirements as
> non-enclave DSOs while the enclave is being built, i.e. do we really need
> to force userspace to fully map the enclave in normal memory?
>  
> Consider the Graphene scenario where it's building an enclave on the fly.
> Pulling permissions from the source VMAs means Graphene has to map the
> code pages of the enclave with X.  This means Graphene will need EXEDMOD
> (or EXECMEM if Graphene isn't careful).  In a non-SGX scenario this makes
> perfect sense since there is no way to verify the end result of RW->RX.
> 
> But for SGX, assuming enclaves are whitelisted by their sigstruct (checked
> at EINIT) and because page permissions affect sigstruct.MRENCLAVE, it *is*
> possible to verify the resulting RX contents.  E.g. for the purposes of
> LSMs, can't we use the .sigstruct file as a proxy for the enclave and
> require FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct inode to map/run the enclave?
> 
> Stephen, is my logic sound?
> 
> 
> If so...
> 
>   - Require FILE__READ+FILE__EXECUTE on .sigstruct to mmap() the enclave.
> 
>   - Prevent userspace from mapping the enclave with permissions beyond the
>     original permissions of the enclave.  This can be done by populating
>     VM_MAY{READ,WRITE,EXEC} from the SECINFO (same basic concept as Andy's
>     proposals).  E.g. pre-EINIT, mmap() and mprotect() can only succeed
>     with PROT_NONE.
> 
>   - Require FILE__{READ,WRITE,EXECUTE} on /dev/sgx/enclave for simplicity,
>     or provide an alternate SGX_IOC_MPROTECT if we want to sidestep the
>     FILE__WRITE requirement.

One more thought.  EADD (and the equivalent SGX2 flow) could do
security_mmap_file() with a NULL file on the SECINFO permissions, which
would trigger PROCESS_EXECMEM if an enclave attempts to map a page RWX.

> No changes are required to LSMs, SGX1 has a single LSM touchpoint in its
> mmap(), and I *think* the only required userspace change is to mmap()
> PROT_NONE when allocating the enclave's virtual address range.
> 
> As for Graphene, it doesn't need extra permissions to run its enclaves,
> it just needs a way to install .sigstruct, which is a generic permissions
> problem and not SGX specific.
> 
> 
> For SGX2 maybe:
> 
>   - No additional requirements to map an EAUG'd page as RW page.  Not
>     aligned with standard MAP_SHARED behavior, but we really don't want
>     to require FILE__WRITE, and thus allow writes to .sigstruct. 
>  
>   - Require FILE__EXECMOD on the .sigstruct to map previously writable
>     page as executable (which indirectly includes all EAUG'd pages).
>     Wiring this up will be a little funky, but we again we don't want
>     to require FILE__WRITE on .sigstruct.
> 

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-24 17:56                                                               ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-24 17:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 10:54:34AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> 
> > On May 24, 2019, at 10:42 AM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > 
> > Hmm, I've been thinking more about pulling permissions from the source
> > page.  Conceptually I'm not sure we need to meet the same requirements as
> > non-enclave DSOs while the enclave is being built, i.e. do we really need
> > to force userspace to fully map the enclave in normal memory?
> > 
> > Consider the Graphene scenario where it's building an enclave on the fly.
> > Pulling permissions from the source VMAs means Graphene has to map the
> > code pages of the enclave with X.  This means Graphene will need EXEDMOD
> > (or EXECMEM if Graphene isn't careful).  In a non-SGX scenario this makes
> > perfect sense since there is no way to verify the end result of RW->RX.
> > 
> > But for SGX, assuming enclaves are whitelisted by their sigstruct (checked
> > at EINIT) and because page permissions affect sigstruct.MRENCLAVE, it *is*
> > possible to verify the resulting RX contents.  E.g. for the purposes of
> > LSMs, can't we use the .sigstruct file as a proxy for the enclave and
> > require FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct inode to map/run the enclave?
> 
> I think it’s sound for some but not all use cases. I would imagine that a lot
> of users won’t restrict sigstruct at all — the “use this as a sigstruct”
> permission will be granted to everything and maybe even to memfd. But even
> users like that might want to force their enclaves to be hardened such that
> writable pages are never executable, in which case Graphene may need an
> exception to run.

Heh, I belatedly had the same thought.  See my follow-up about EXECMEM.

> But maybe I’m nuts.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-24 18:34                                                               ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 19:13                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 19:37                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-24 18:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Christopherson, Sean J, Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> From: linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-sgx-
> owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Sean Christopherson
> Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 10:55 AM
> 
> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 10:42:43AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > Hmm, I've been thinking more about pulling permissions from the source
> > page.  Conceptually I'm not sure we need to meet the same requirements
> as
> > non-enclave DSOs while the enclave is being built, i.e. do we really
> need
> > to force userspace to fully map the enclave in normal memory?
> >
> > Consider the Graphene scenario where it's building an enclave on the
> fly.
> > Pulling permissions from the source VMAs means Graphene has to map the
> > code pages of the enclave with X.  This means Graphene will need
> EXEDMOD
> > (or EXECMEM if Graphene isn't careful).  In a non-SGX scenario this
> makes
> > perfect sense since there is no way to verify the end result of RW->RX.
> >
> > But for SGX, assuming enclaves are whitelisted by their sigstruct
> (checked
> > at EINIT) and because page permissions affect sigstruct.MRENCLAVE, it
> *is*
> > possible to verify the resulting RX contents.  E.g. for the purposes
> of
> > LSMs, can't we use the .sigstruct file as a proxy for the enclave and
> > require FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct inode to map/run the enclave?
> >
> > Stephen, is my logic sound?
> >
> >
> > If so...
> >
> >   - Require FILE__READ+FILE__EXECUTE on .sigstruct to mmap() the
> enclave.
> >
> >   - Prevent userspace from mapping the enclave with permissions beyond
> the
> >     original permissions of the enclave.  This can be done by
> populating
> >     VM_MAY{READ,WRITE,EXEC} from the SECINFO (same basic concept as
> Andy's
> >     proposals).  E.g. pre-EINIT, mmap() and mprotect() can only
> succeed
> >     with PROT_NONE.
> >
> >   - Require FILE__{READ,WRITE,EXECUTE} on /dev/sgx/enclave for
> simplicity,
> >     or provide an alternate SGX_IOC_MPROTECT if we want to sidestep
> the
> >     FILE__WRITE requirement.
> 
> One more thought.  EADD (and the equivalent SGX2 flow) could do
> security_mmap_file() with a NULL file on the SECINFO permissions, which
> would trigger PROCESS_EXECMEM if an enclave attempts to map a page RWX.

If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than shared objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM when enclave whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an adversary may load a page, which would otherwise never be executable, as an executable page in EPC.

In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have a RWX page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will have been checked. For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is subject to FILE__EXECMEM on /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security benefit because it only affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting it.

> 
> > No changes are required to LSMs, SGX1 has a single LSM touchpoint in
> its
> > mmap(), and I *think* the only required userspace change is to mmap()
> > PROT_NONE when allocating the enclave's virtual address range.

I'm not sure I understand the motivation behind this proposal to decouple initial EPC permissions from source pages.

I don't think it a big deal to fully mmap() enclave files, which have to be parsed by user mode anyway to determine various things including but not limited to the size of heap(s), size and number of TCSs/stacks/TLS areas, and the overall enclave size. So with PHDRs parsed, it's trivial to mmap() each segment with permissions from its PHDR.

> >
> > As for Graphene, it doesn't need extra permissions to run its enclaves,
> > it just needs a way to install .sigstruct, which is a generic
> permissions
> > problem and not SGX specific.
> >
> >
> > For SGX2 maybe:
> >
> >   - No additional requirements to map an EAUG'd page as RW page.  Not
> >     aligned with standard MAP_SHARED behavior, but we really don't
> want
> >     to require FILE__WRITE, and thus allow writes to .sigstruct.
> >
> >   - Require FILE__EXECMOD on the .sigstruct to map previously writable
> >     page as executable (which indirectly includes all EAUG'd pages).
> >     Wiring this up will be a little funky, but we again we don't want
> >     to require FILE__WRITE on .sigstruct.
> >

I'm lost. Why is EAUG tied to permissions on .sigstruct? 

-Cedric

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 18:34                                                               ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-24 19:13                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 19:30                                                                   ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-24 20:42                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 19:37                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-24 19:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34:32AM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> > From: linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-sgx-
> > owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Sean Christopherson
> > Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 10:55 AM
> > 
> > On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 10:42:43AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > Hmm, I've been thinking more about pulling permissions from the source
> > > page.  Conceptually I'm not sure we need to meet the same requirements as
> > > non-enclave DSOs while the enclave is being built, i.e. do we really need
> > > to force userspace to fully map the enclave in normal memory?
> > >
> > > Consider the Graphene scenario where it's building an enclave on the fly.
> > > Pulling permissions from the source VMAs means Graphene has to map the
> > > code pages of the enclave with X.  This means Graphene will need EXEDMOD
> > > (or EXECMEM if Graphene isn't careful).  In a non-SGX scenario this makes
> > > perfect sense since there is no way to verify the end result of RW->RX.
> > >
> > > But for SGX, assuming enclaves are whitelisted by their sigstruct (checked
> > > at EINIT) and because page permissions affect sigstruct.MRENCLAVE, it *is*
> > > possible to verify the resulting RX contents.  E.g. for the purposes of
> > > LSMs, can't we use the .sigstruct file as a proxy for the enclave and
> > > require FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct inode to map/run the enclave?
> > >
> > > Stephen, is my logic sound?
> > >
> > >
> > > If so...
> > >
> > >   - Require FILE__READ+FILE__EXECUTE on .sigstruct to mmap() the enclave.
> > >
> > >   - Prevent userspace from mapping the enclave with permissions beyond the
> > >     original permissions of the enclave.  This can be done by populating
> > >     VM_MAY{READ,WRITE,EXEC} from the SECINFO (same basic concept as Andy's
> > >     proposals).  E.g. pre-EINIT, mmap() and mprotect() can only succeed
> > >     with PROT_NONE.
> > >
> > >   - Require FILE__{READ,WRITE,EXECUTE} on /dev/sgx/enclave for simplicity,
> > >     or provide an alternate SGX_IOC_MPROTECT if we want to sidestep the
> > >     FILE__WRITE requirement.
> > 
> > One more thought.  EADD (and the equivalent SGX2 flow) could do
> > security_mmap_file() with a NULL file on the SECINFO permissions, which
> > would trigger PROCESS_EXECMEM if an enclave attempts to map a page RWX.
> 
> If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than shared
> objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM when enclave
> whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an adversary may load a page,
> which would otherwise never be executable, as an executable page in EPC.

My point is that enclaves have different properties than shared objects.

Normal LSM behavior with regard to executing files is to label files with
e.g. FILE__EXECUTE.  Because an enclave must be built to the exact
specifications of .sigstruct, requring FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct is
effectively the same as requiring FILE__EXECUTE on the enclave itself.

Addressing your scenario of loading an executable page in EPC, doing so
would require one of the following:

  - Ability to install a .sigstruct with FILE__EXECUTE

  - PROCESS__EXECMEM

  - FILE__EXECMOD and SGX2 support

> In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have a RWX page
> serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will have been checked.
> For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is subject to FILE__EXECMEM on
> /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security benefit because it only affects
> the enclave but not the whole process hosting it.

There is no FILE__EXECMEM check, only PROCESS__EXECMEM and FILE__EXECMOD.
I assume you're referring to the latter?

I don't see a fundamental difference between having RWX in an enclave and
RWX in normal memory, either way the process can execute arbitrary code,
i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM is appropriate.  Yes, an enclave will #UD on certain
instructions, but that's easily sidestepped by having a trampoline in the
host (marked RX) and piping arbitrary code into the enclave.  Or using
EEXIT to do a bit of ROP.

> > > No changes are required to LSMs, SGX1 has a single LSM touchpoint in
> > its
> > > mmap(), and I *think* the only required userspace change is to mmap()
> > > PROT_NONE when allocating the enclave's virtual address range.
> 
> I'm not sure I understand the motivation behind this proposal to decouple
> initial EPC permissions from source pages.

Pulling permissions from source pages means userspace needs to fully map
the in normal memory, including marking pages executable.  That exposes
the loader to having executable pages in its address space that it has no
intention of executing (outside of the enclave).  And for Graphene, it
means having to actively avoid PROCESS__EXECMEM, e.g. by using a dummy
backing file to build the enclave instead of anon memory.

> I don't think it a big deal to fully mmap() enclave files, which have to be
> parsed by user mode anyway to determine various things including but not
> limited to the size of heap(s), size and number of TCSs/stacks/TLS areas, and
> the overall enclave size. So with PHDRs parsed, it's trivial to mmap() each
> segment with permissions from its PHDR.
>
> > > As for Graphene, it doesn't need extra permissions to run its enclaves,
> > > it just needs a way to install .sigstruct, which is a generic permissions
> > > problem and not SGX specific.
> > >
> > >
> > > For SGX2 maybe:
> > >
> > >   - No additional requirements to map an EAUG'd page as RW page.  Not
> > >     aligned with standard MAP_SHARED behavior, but we really don't want
> > >     to require FILE__WRITE, and thus allow writes to .sigstruct.
> > >
> > >   - Require FILE__EXECMOD on the .sigstruct to map previously writable
> > >     page as executable (which indirectly includes all EAUG'd pages).
> > >     Wiring this up will be a little funky, but we again we don't want
> > >     to require FILE__WRITE on .sigstruct.
> > >
> 
> I'm lost. Why is EAUG tied to permissions on .sigstruct? 

Because for the purposes of LSM checks, .sigstruct is the enclave's
backing file, and mapping a previously writable enclave page as exectuable
is roughly equivalent to mapping a CoW'd page as exectuable.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 19:13                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-24 19:30                                                                   ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-24 20:42                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-24 19:30 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Stephen Smalley, Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:13 PM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34:32AM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> > > From: linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-sgx-
> > > owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Sean Christopherson
> > > Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 10:55 AM

> I don't see a fundamental difference between having RWX in an enclave and
> RWX in normal memory, either way the process can execute arbitrary code,
> i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM is appropriate.  Yes, an enclave will #UD on certain
> instructions, but that's easily sidestepped by having a trampoline in the
> host (marked RX) and piping arbitrary code into the enclave.  Or using
> EEXIT to do a bit of ROP.

There's a difference, albeit a somewhat weak one, if sigstructs are
whitelisted.  FILE__EXECMOD on
either /dev/sgx/enclave or on the sigstruct is not an entirely crazy
way to express this.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 18:34                                                               ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 19:13                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-24 19:37                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-24 20:03                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-24 19:37 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Christopherson, Sean J, Stephen Smalley, Andy Lutomirski,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>
> > From: linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-sgx-
> > owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Sean Christopherson
> > Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 10:55 AM
> >
> > On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 10:42:43AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > Hmm, I've been thinking more about pulling permissions from the source
> > > page.  Conceptually I'm not sure we need to meet the same requirements
> > as
> > > non-enclave DSOs while the enclave is being built, i.e. do we really
> > need
> > > to force userspace to fully map the enclave in normal memory?
> > >
> > > Consider the Graphene scenario where it's building an enclave on the
> > fly.
> > > Pulling permissions from the source VMAs means Graphene has to map the
> > > code pages of the enclave with X.  This means Graphene will need
> > EXEDMOD
> > > (or EXECMEM if Graphene isn't careful).  In a non-SGX scenario this
> > makes
> > > perfect sense since there is no way to verify the end result of RW->RX.
> > >
> > > But for SGX, assuming enclaves are whitelisted by their sigstruct
> > (checked
> > > at EINIT) and because page permissions affect sigstruct.MRENCLAVE, it
> > *is*
> > > possible to verify the resulting RX contents.  E.g. for the purposes
> > of
> > > LSMs, can't we use the .sigstruct file as a proxy for the enclave and
> > > require FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct inode to map/run the enclave?
> > >
> > > Stephen, is my logic sound?
> > >
> > >
> > > If so...
> > >
> > >   - Require FILE__READ+FILE__EXECUTE on .sigstruct to mmap() the
> > enclave.
> > >
> > >   - Prevent userspace from mapping the enclave with permissions beyond
> > the
> > >     original permissions of the enclave.  This can be done by
> > populating
> > >     VM_MAY{READ,WRITE,EXEC} from the SECINFO (same basic concept as
> > Andy's
> > >     proposals).  E.g. pre-EINIT, mmap() and mprotect() can only
> > succeed
> > >     with PROT_NONE.
> > >
> > >   - Require FILE__{READ,WRITE,EXECUTE} on /dev/sgx/enclave for
> > simplicity,
> > >     or provide an alternate SGX_IOC_MPROTECT if we want to sidestep
> > the
> > >     FILE__WRITE requirement.
> >
> > One more thought.  EADD (and the equivalent SGX2 flow) could do
> > security_mmap_file() with a NULL file on the SECINFO permissions, which
> > would trigger PROCESS_EXECMEM if an enclave attempts to map a page RWX.
>
> If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than shared objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM when enclave whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an adversary may load a page, which would otherwise never be executable, as an executable page in EPC.
>
> In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have a RWX page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will have been checked. For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is subject to FILE__EXECMEM on /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security benefit because it only affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting it.

So the permission would be like FILE__EXECMOD on the source enclave
page, because it would be mapped MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_WRITE?
MAP_SHARED, PROT_WRITE isn't going to work because that means you can
modify the file.

I'm starting to think that looking at the source VMA permission bits
or source PTE permission bits is putting a bit too much policy into
the driver as opposed to the LSM.  How about delegating the whole
thing to an LSM hook?  The EADD operation would invoke a new hook,
something like:

int security_enclave_load_bytes(void *source_addr, struct
vm_area_struct *source_vma, loff_t source_offset, unsigned int
maxperm);

Then you don't have to muck with mapping anything PROT_EXEC.  Instead
you load from a mapping of a file and the LSM applies whatever policy
it feels appropriate.  If the first pass gets something wrong, the
application or library authors can take it up with the SELinux folks
without breaking the whole ABI :)

(I'm proposing passing in the source_vma because this hook would be
called with mmap_sem held for read to avoid a TOCTOU race.)

If we go this route, the only substantial change to the existing
driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is the maxperm
mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API changes are needed to
allow users to conveniently set up the mappings.  And we don't need to
worry about how to hack around mprotect() calling into the LSM,
because the LSM will actually be aware of SGX and can just do the
right thing.

--Andy

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 19:37                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-24 20:03                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 20:58                                                                     ` Xing, Cedric
                                                                                       ` (2 more replies)
  0 siblings, 3 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-24 20:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:37:44PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than shared
> > objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM when enclave
> > whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an adversary may load a page,
> > which would otherwise never be executable, as an executable page in EPC.
> >
> > In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have a RWX
> > page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will have been
> > checked. For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is subject to FILE__EXECMEM
> > on /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security benefit because it only
> > affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting it.
> 
> So the permission would be like FILE__EXECMOD on the source enclave
> page, because it would be mapped MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_WRITE?
> MAP_SHARED, PROT_WRITE isn't going to work because that means you can
> modify the file.

Was this in response to Cedric's comment, or to my comment?

> I'm starting to think that looking at the source VMA permission bits
> or source PTE permission bits is putting a bit too much policy into
> the driver as opposed to the LSM.  How about delegating the whole
> thing to an LSM hook?  The EADD operation would invoke a new hook,
> something like:
> 
> int security_enclave_load_bytes(void *source_addr, struct
> vm_area_struct *source_vma, loff_t source_offset, unsigned int
> maxperm);
> 
> Then you don't have to muck with mapping anything PROT_EXEC.  Instead
> you load from a mapping of a file and the LSM applies whatever policy
> it feels appropriate.  If the first pass gets something wrong, the
> application or library authors can take it up with the SELinux folks
> without breaking the whole ABI :)
> 
> (I'm proposing passing in the source_vma because this hook would be
> called with mmap_sem held for read to avoid a TOCTOU race.)
> 
> If we go this route, the only substantial change to the existing
> driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is the maxperm
> mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API changes are needed to
> allow users to conveniently set up the mappings.  And we don't need to
> worry about how to hack around mprotect() calling into the LSM,
> because the LSM will actually be aware of SGX and can just do the
> right thing.

This doesn't address restricting which processes can run which enclaves,
it only allows restricting the build flow.  Or are you suggesting this
be done in addition to whitelisting sigstructs?

What's the value prop beyond whitelisting sigstructs?  Realistically, I
doubt LSMs/users will want to take the performance hit of scanning the
source bytes every time an enclave is loaded.

We could add seomthing like security_enclave_mprotect() in lieu of abusing
security_file_mprotect(), but passing the full source bytes seems a bit
much.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 19:13                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 19:30                                                                   ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-24 20:42                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 21:11                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-24 20:42 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Christopherson, Sean J
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> From: linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-sgx-
> owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Sean Christopherson
> Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 12:14 PM
> 
> My point is that enclaves have different properties than shared objects.
> 
> Normal LSM behavior with regard to executing files is to label files
> with e.g. FILE__EXECUTE.  Because an enclave must be built to the exact
> specifications of .sigstruct, requring FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct
> is effectively the same as requiring FILE__EXECUTE on the enclave itself.
> 
> Addressing your scenario of loading an executable page in EPC, doing so
> would require one of the following:
> 
>   - Ability to install a .sigstruct with FILE__EXECUTE
> 
>   - PROCESS__EXECMEM
> 
>   - FILE__EXECMOD and SGX2 support

Now I got your point. It sounds a great idea to me!

But instead of using .sigstruct file, I'd still recommend using file mapping (i.e. SIGSTRUCT needs to reside in executable memory). But then there'll be a hole - a process having FILE__EXECMOD on any file could use that file as a SIGSTRUCT. Probably we'll need a new type in SELinux to label enclave/sigstruct files.

> 
> > In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have a
> > RWX page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will have
> been checked.
> > For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is subject to FILE__EXECMEM on
> > /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security benefit because it only
> > affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting it.
> 
> There is no FILE__EXECMEM check, only PROCESS__EXECMEM and FILE__EXECMOD.
> I assume you're referring to the latter?

Yes.

> 
> I don't see a fundamental difference between having RWX in an enclave
> and RWX in normal memory, either way the process can execute arbitrary
> code, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM is appropriate.  Yes, an enclave will #UD on
> certain instructions, but that's easily sidestepped by having a
> trampoline in the host (marked RX) and piping arbitrary code into the
> enclave.  Or using EEXIT to do a bit of ROP.

I'm with you.

With your proposal only FILE__EXECMOD is needed on /dev/sgx/enclave to launch Graphene enclaves or the like.

> 
> > > > No changes are required to LSMs, SGX1 has a single LSM touchpoint
> > > > in
> > > its
> > > > mmap(), and I *think* the only required userspace change is to
> > > > mmap() PROT_NONE when allocating the enclave's virtual address
> range.
> >
> > I'm not sure I understand the motivation behind this proposal to
> > decouple initial EPC permissions from source pages.
> 
> Pulling permissions from source pages means userspace needs to fully map
> the in normal memory, including marking pages executable.  That exposes
> the loader to having executable pages in its address space that it has
> no intention of executing (outside of the enclave).  And for Graphene,
> it means having to actively avoid PROCESS__EXECMEM, e.g. by using a
> dummy backing file to build the enclave instead of anon memory.

Agreed.

> 
> > I don't think it a big deal to fully mmap() enclave files, which have
> > to be parsed by user mode anyway to determine various things including
> > but not limited to the size of heap(s), size and number of
> > TCSs/stacks/TLS areas, and the overall enclave size. So with PHDRs
> > parsed, it's trivial to mmap() each segment with permissions from its
> PHDR.
> >
> > > > As for Graphene, it doesn't need extra permissions to run its
> > > > enclaves, it just needs a way to install .sigstruct, which is a
> > > > generic permissions problem and not SGX specific.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > For SGX2 maybe:
> > > >
> > > >   - No additional requirements to map an EAUG'd page as RW page.
> Not
> > > >     aligned with standard MAP_SHARED behavior, but we really don't
> want
> > > >     to require FILE__WRITE, and thus allow writes to .sigstruct.
> > > >
> > > >   - Require FILE__EXECMOD on the .sigstruct to map previously
> writable
> > > >     page as executable (which indirectly includes all EAUG'd
> pages).
> > > >     Wiring this up will be a little funky, but we again we don't
> want
> > > >     to require FILE__WRITE on .sigstruct.
> > > >
> >
> > I'm lost. Why is EAUG tied to permissions on .sigstruct?
> 
> Because for the purposes of LSM checks, .sigstruct is the enclave's
> backing file, and mapping a previously writable enclave page as
> exectuable is roughly equivalent to mapping a CoW'd page as exectuable.

I think I've got your idea. You are trying to use permissions on .sigstruct to determine whether EAUG will be available to that specific enclave. Am I right?

I'd tie EAUG to the permissions of /dev/sgx/enclave instead. But why? There are couple of reasons. For one, a SIGSTRUCT identifies the behavior of the enclave, hence the SGX features needed by that enclave. So if an enclave requires EAUG, the .sigstruct has to allow EAUG or the enclave wouldn't work. That means the system admin wouldn't have a choice but to match up what's needed by the enclave. For two, whether to allow, say loading code dynamically into an enclave, depends on whether the host process can tolerate the inherent risk. And that decision is seldom made on individual enclaves but to the host process as a whole. And /dev/sgx/enclave serves that purpose.

-Cedric


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 20:03                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-24 20:58                                                                     ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 21:27                                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-25 17:31                                                                     ` Dr. Greg
  2 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-24 20:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Christopherson, Sean J, Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> From: linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-sgx-
> owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Sean Christopherson
> Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 1:04 PM
> 
> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:37:44PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com>
> wrote:
> > >
> > > If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than
> > > shared objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM
> > > when enclave whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an
> > > adversary may load a page, which would otherwise never be executable,
> as an executable page in EPC.
> > >
> > > In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have a
> > > RWX page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will
> > > have been checked. For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is subject
> > > to FILE__EXECMEM on /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security
> > > benefit because it only affects the enclave but not the whole
> process hosting it.
> >
> > So the permission would be like FILE__EXECMOD on the source enclave
> > page, because it would be mapped MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_WRITE?
> > MAP_SHARED, PROT_WRITE isn't going to work because that means you can
> > modify the file.
> 
> Was this in response to Cedric's comment, or to my comment?

Creating RWX source page requires PROCESS_EXECMEM. But as I responded to Sean earlier, I think his proposal of "aggregating" all "initial" permission checks into a single SIGSTRUCT check is probably a better approach.

> 
> > I'm starting to think that looking at the source VMA permission bits
> > or source PTE permission bits is putting a bit too much policy into
> > the driver as opposed to the LSM.  How about delegating the whole
> > thing to an LSM hook?  The EADD operation would invoke a new hook,
> > something like:
> >
> > int security_enclave_load_bytes(void *source_addr, struct
> > vm_area_struct *source_vma, loff_t source_offset, unsigned int
> > maxperm);

This is exactly what I was thinking. But with Sean's proposal this is probably no longer necessary.

> >
> > Then you don't have to muck with mapping anything PROT_EXEC.  Instead
> > you load from a mapping of a file and the LSM applies whatever policy
> > it feels appropriate.  If the first pass gets something wrong, the
> > application or library authors can take it up with the SELinux folks
> > without breaking the whole ABI :)
> >
> > (I'm proposing passing in the source_vma because this hook would be
> > called with mmap_sem held for read to avoid a TOCTOU race.)
> >
> > If we go this route, the only substantial change to the existing
> > driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is the maxperm
> > mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API changes are needed to
> > allow users to conveniently set up the mappings.  And we don't need to
> > worry about how to hack around mprotect() calling into the LSM,
> > because the LSM will actually be aware of SGX and can just do the
> > right thing.
> 
> This doesn't address restricting which processes can run which enclaves,
> it only allows restricting the build flow.  Or are you suggesting this
> be done in addition to whitelisting sigstructs?

In the context of SELinux, new types could be defined to be associated with SIGSTRUCT (or more precisely, files containing SIGSTRUCTs). Then the LSM hook (I'd propose security_sgx_initialize_enclave) could enforce whatever...

> 
> What's the value prop beyond whitelisting sigstructs?  Realistically, I
> doubt LSMs/users will want to take the performance hit of scanning the
> source bytes every time an enclave is loaded.
> 
> We could add seomthing like security_enclave_mprotect() in lieu of
> abusing security_file_mprotect(), but passing the full source bytes
> seems a bit much.

I'd just use /dev/sgx/enclave to govern "runtime" permissions any EPC page can mmap()/mprotect() to. Then we won't need any code changes in LSM.

-Cedric

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 20:42                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-24 21:11                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-24 21:11 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 01:42:13PM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> > From: linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-sgx-
> > owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Sean Christopherson
> > Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 12:14 PM
> > 
> > My point is that enclaves have different properties than shared objects.
> > 
> > Normal LSM behavior with regard to executing files is to label files
> > with e.g. FILE__EXECUTE.  Because an enclave must be built to the exact
> > specifications of .sigstruct, requring FILE__EXECUTE on the .sigstruct
> > is effectively the same as requiring FILE__EXECUTE on the enclave itself.
> > 
> > Addressing your scenario of loading an executable page in EPC, doing so
> > would require one of the following:
> > 
> >   - Ability to install a .sigstruct with FILE__EXECUTE
> > 
> >   - PROCESS__EXECMEM
> > 
> >   - FILE__EXECMOD and SGX2 support
> 
> Now I got your point. It sounds a great idea to me!
> 
> But instead of using .sigstruct file, I'd still recommend using file mapping
> (i.e. SIGSTRUCT needs to reside in executable memory). But then there'll be a

Why?  Even in the Graphene case the final .sigstruct can be known ahead of
time.  Userspace can always use memfd() if it's generating SIGSTRUCT on
the fly.

> hole - a process having FILE__EXECMOD on any file could use that file as a
> SIGSTRUCT. Probably we'll need a new type in SELinux to label
> enclave/sigstruct files.
>
> > I don't see a fundamental difference between having RWX in an enclave
> > and RWX in normal memory, either way the process can execute arbitrary
> > code, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM is appropriate.  Yes, an enclave will #UD on
> > certain instructions, but that's easily sidestepped by having a
> > trampoline in the host (marked RX) and piping arbitrary code into the
> > enclave.  Or using EEXIT to do a bit of ROP.
> 
> I'm with you.
> 
> With your proposal only FILE__EXECMOD is needed on /dev/sgx/enclave to launch
> Graphene enclaves or the like.

It wouldn't even need FILE__EXECMOD, assuming Graphene does all of its
libc rewriting before building the enclave, i.e. doesn't EADD RWX pages.

> > > > > No changes are required to LSMs, SGX1 has a single LSM touchpoint
> > > > > in
> > > > its
> > > > > mmap(), and I *think* the only required userspace change is to
> > > > > mmap() PROT_NONE when allocating the enclave's virtual address
> > range.
> > >
> > > I'm not sure I understand the motivation behind this proposal to
> > > decouple initial EPC permissions from source pages.
> > 
> > Pulling permissions from source pages means userspace needs to fully map
> > the in normal memory, including marking pages executable.  That exposes
> > the loader to having executable pages in its address space that it has
> > no intention of executing (outside of the enclave).  And for Graphene,
> > it means having to actively avoid PROCESS__EXECMEM, e.g. by using a
> > dummy backing file to build the enclave instead of anon memory.
> 
> Agreed.
> 
> > 
> > > I don't think it a big deal to fully mmap() enclave files, which have
> > > to be parsed by user mode anyway to determine various things including
> > > but not limited to the size of heap(s), size and number of
> > > TCSs/stacks/TLS areas, and the overall enclave size. So with PHDRs
> > > parsed, it's trivial to mmap() each segment with permissions from its
> > PHDR.
> > >
> > > > > As for Graphene, it doesn't need extra permissions to run its
> > > > > enclaves, it just needs a way to install .sigstruct, which is a
> > > > > generic permissions problem and not SGX specific.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > For SGX2 maybe:
> > > > >
> > > > >   - No additional requirements to map an EAUG'd page as RW page.
> > Not
> > > > >     aligned with standard MAP_SHARED behavior, but we really don't
> > want
> > > > >     to require FILE__WRITE, and thus allow writes to .sigstruct.
> > > > >
> > > > >   - Require FILE__EXECMOD on the .sigstruct to map previously
> > writable
> > > > >     page as executable (which indirectly includes all EAUG'd
> > pages).
> > > > >     Wiring this up will be a little funky, but we again we don't
> > want
> > > > >     to require FILE__WRITE on .sigstruct.
> > > > >
> > >
> > > I'm lost. Why is EAUG tied to permissions on .sigstruct?
> > 
> > Because for the purposes of LSM checks, .sigstruct is the enclave's
> > backing file, and mapping a previously writable enclave page as
> > exectuable is roughly equivalent to mapping a CoW'd page as exectuable.
> 
> I think I've got your idea. You are trying to use permissions on .sigstruct
> to determine whether EAUG will be available to that specific enclave. Am I
> right?

Yep.

> I'd tie EAUG to the permissions of /dev/sgx/enclave instead. But why? There
> are couple of reasons. For one, a SIGSTRUCT identifies the behavior of the
> enclave, hence the SGX features needed by that enclave. So if an enclave
> requires EAUG, the .sigstruct has to allow EAUG or the enclave wouldn't work.
> That means the system admin wouldn't have a choice but to match up what's
> needed by the enclave. For two, whether to allow, say loading code
> dynamically into an enclave, depends on whether the host process can tolerate
> the inherent risk. And that decision is seldom made on individual enclaves
> but to the host process as a whole. And /dev/sgx/enclave serves that purpose.

I think I'd be ok either way?  What I really care about is having line of
sight to a sane way to support for SGX2, and both seem sane.  I.e. we can
hash this detail out when SGX2 goes in.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 20:03                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 20:58                                                                     ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-24 21:27                                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-24 22:41                                                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-25 17:31                                                                     ` Dr. Greg
  2 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-24 21:27 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Xing, Cedric, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 1:03 PM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:37:44PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than shared
> > > objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM when enclave
> > > whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an adversary may load a page,
> > > which would otherwise never be executable, as an executable page in EPC.
> > >
> > > In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have a RWX
> > > page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will have been
> > > checked. For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is subject to FILE__EXECMEM
> > > on /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security benefit because it only
> > > affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting it.
> >
> > So the permission would be like FILE__EXECMOD on the source enclave
> > page, because it would be mapped MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_WRITE?
> > MAP_SHARED, PROT_WRITE isn't going to work because that means you can
> > modify the file.
>
> Was this in response to Cedric's comment, or to my comment?

Yours.  I think that requiring source pages to be actually mapped W is
not such a great idea.

>
> > I'm starting to think that looking at the source VMA permission bits
> > or source PTE permission bits is putting a bit too much policy into
> > the driver as opposed to the LSM.  How about delegating the whole
> > thing to an LSM hook?  The EADD operation would invoke a new hook,
> > something like:
> >
> > int security_enclave_load_bytes(void *source_addr, struct
> > vm_area_struct *source_vma, loff_t source_offset, unsigned int
> > maxperm);
> >
> > Then you don't have to muck with mapping anything PROT_EXEC.  Instead
> > you load from a mapping of a file and the LSM applies whatever policy
> > it feels appropriate.  If the first pass gets something wrong, the
> > application or library authors can take it up with the SELinux folks
> > without breaking the whole ABI :)
> >
> > (I'm proposing passing in the source_vma because this hook would be
> > called with mmap_sem held for read to avoid a TOCTOU race.)
> >
> > If we go this route, the only substantial change to the existing
> > driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is the maxperm
> > mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API changes are needed to
> > allow users to conveniently set up the mappings.  And we don't need to
> > worry about how to hack around mprotect() calling into the LSM,
> > because the LSM will actually be aware of SGX and can just do the
> > right thing.
>
> This doesn't address restricting which processes can run which enclaves,
> it only allows restricting the build flow.  Or are you suggesting this
> be done in addition to whitelisting sigstructs?

In addition.

But I named the function badly and gave it a bad signature, which
confused you.  Let's try again:

int security_enclave_load_from_memory(const struct vm_area_struct
*source, unsigned int maxperm);

Maybe some really fancy future LSM would also want loff_t
source_offset, but it's probably not terribly useful.  This same
callback would be used for EAUG.

Following up on your discussion with Cedric about sigstruct, the other
callback would be something like:

int security_enclave_init(struct file *sigstruct_file);

The main issue I see is that we also want to control the enclave's
ability to have RWX pages or to change a W page to X.  We might also
want:

int security_enclave_load_zeros(unsigned int maxperm);

An enclave that's going to modify its own code will need memory with
maxperm = RWX or WX.

But this is a bit awkward if the LSM's decision depends on the
sigstruct.  We could get fancy and require that the sigstruct be
supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can
depend on the sigstruct.

Am I making more sense now?

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 21:27                                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-24 22:41                                                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 23:42                                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-24 22:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 02:27:34PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 1:03 PM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:37:44PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than shared
> > > > objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM when enclave
> > > > whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an adversary may load a page,
> > > > which would otherwise never be executable, as an executable page in EPC.
> > > >
> > > > In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have a RWX
> > > > page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will have been
> > > > checked. For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is subject to FILE__EXECMEM
> > > > on /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security benefit because it only
> > > > affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting it.
> > >
> > > So the permission would be like FILE__EXECMOD on the source enclave
> > > page, because it would be mapped MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_WRITE?
> > > MAP_SHARED, PROT_WRITE isn't going to work because that means you can
> > > modify the file.
> >
> > Was this in response to Cedric's comment, or to my comment?
> 
> Yours.  I think that requiring source pages to be actually mapped W is
> not such a great idea.

I wasn't requiring source pages to be mapped W.  At least I didn't intend
to require W.  What I was trying to say is that SGX could trigger an
EXECMEM check if userspace attempted to EADD or EAUG an enclave page with
RWX permissions, e.g.:

  if ((SECINFO.PERMS & RWX) == RWX) {
      ret = security_mmap_file(NULL, RWX, ???);
      if (ret)
          return ret;
  }

But that's a moot point if we add security_enclave_load() or whatever.

> 
> >
> > > I'm starting to think that looking at the source VMA permission bits
> > > or source PTE permission bits is putting a bit too much policy into
> > > the driver as opposed to the LSM.  How about delegating the whole
> > > thing to an LSM hook?  The EADD operation would invoke a new hook,
> > > something like:
> > >
> > > int security_enclave_load_bytes(void *source_addr, struct
> > > vm_area_struct *source_vma, loff_t source_offset, unsigned int
> > > maxperm);
> > >
> > > Then you don't have to muck with mapping anything PROT_EXEC.  Instead
> > > you load from a mapping of a file and the LSM applies whatever policy
> > > it feels appropriate.  If the first pass gets something wrong, the
> > > application or library authors can take it up with the SELinux folks
> > > without breaking the whole ABI :)
> > >
> > > (I'm proposing passing in the source_vma because this hook would be
> > > called with mmap_sem held for read to avoid a TOCTOU race.)
> > >
> > > If we go this route, the only substantial change to the existing
> > > driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is the maxperm
> > > mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API changes are needed to
> > > allow users to conveniently set up the mappings.  And we don't need to
> > > worry about how to hack around mprotect() calling into the LSM,
> > > because the LSM will actually be aware of SGX and can just do the
> > > right thing.
> >
> > This doesn't address restricting which processes can run which enclaves,
> > it only allows restricting the build flow.  Or are you suggesting this
> > be done in addition to whitelisting sigstructs?
> 
> In addition.
> 
> But I named the function badly and gave it a bad signature, which
> confused you.  Let's try again:
> 
> int security_enclave_load_from_memory(const struct vm_area_struct
> *source, unsigned int maxperm);

I prefer security_enclave_load(), "from_memory" seems redundant at best.

> Maybe some really fancy future LSM would also want loff_t
> source_offset, but it's probably not terribly useful.  This same
> callback would be used for EAUG.
> 
> Following up on your discussion with Cedric about sigstruct, the other
> callback would be something like:
> 
> int security_enclave_init(struct file *sigstruct_file);
> 
> The main issue I see is that we also want to control the enclave's
> ability to have RWX pages or to change a W page to X.  We might also
> want:
> 
> int security_enclave_load_zeros(unsigned int maxperm);

What's the use case for this?  @maxperm will always be at least RW in
this case, otherwise the page is useless to the enclave, and if the
enclave can write the page, the fact that it started as zeros is
irrelevant.

> An enclave that's going to modify its own code will need memory with
> maxperm = RWX or WX.
> 
> But this is a bit awkward if the LSM's decision depends on the
> sigstruct.  We could get fancy and require that the sigstruct be
> supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can
> depend on the sigstruct.
> 
> Am I making more sense now?

Yep.  Requiring .sigstruct at ECREATE would be trivial.  If we wanted
flexibility we could do:

   int security_enclave_load(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                             unsigned long prot);

And for ultimate flexibility we could pass both .sigstruct and the file
pointer for /dev/sgx/enclave, but that seems a bit ridiculous.

Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as Cedric
wanted (without having to play games and pass /dev/sgx/enclave to
security_enclave_load()), but I don't think there's anything fundamentally
broken with using .sigstruct for EXECMOD.  It requires more verbose
labeling, but that's not a bad thing.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 22:41                                                                       ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-24 23:42                                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-25 22:40                                                                           ` Xing, Cedric
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-24 23:42 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Xing, Cedric, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes



> On May 24, 2019, at 3:41 PM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> 
>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 02:27:34PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 1:03 PM Sean Christopherson
>> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>>> 
>>>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:37:44PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>>>>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>>>>> 
>>>>> If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than shared
>>>>> objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM when enclave
>>>>> whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an adversary may load a page,
>>>>> which would otherwise never be executable, as an executable page in EPC.
>>>>> 
>>>>> In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have a RWX
>>>>> page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will have been
>>>>> checked. For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is subject to FILE__EXECMEM
>>>>> on /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security benefit because it only
>>>>> affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting it.
>>>> 
>>>> So the permission would be like FILE__EXECMOD on the source enclave
>>>> page, because it would be mapped MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_WRITE?
>>>> MAP_SHARED, PROT_WRITE isn't going to work because that means you can
>>>> modify the file.
>>> 
>>> Was this in response to Cedric's comment, or to my comment?
>> 
>> Yours.  I think that requiring source pages to be actually mapped W is
>> not such a great idea.
> 
> I wasn't requiring source pages to be mapped W.  At least I didn't intend
> to require W.  What I was trying to say is that SGX could trigger an
> EXECMEM check if userspace attempted to EADD or EAUG an enclave page with
> RWX permissions, e.g.:
> 
>  if ((SECINFO.PERMS & RWX) == RWX) {
>      ret = security_mmap_file(NULL, RWX, ???);
>      if (ret)
>          return ret;
>  }
> 
> But that's a moot point if we add security_enclave_load() or whatever.
> 
>> 
>>> 
>>>> I'm starting to think that looking at the source VMA permission bits
>>>> or source PTE permission bits is putting a bit too much policy into
>>>> the driver as opposed to the LSM.  How about delegating the whole
>>>> thing to an LSM hook?  The EADD operation would invoke a new hook,
>>>> something like:
>>>> 
>>>> int security_enclave_load_bytes(void *source_addr, struct
>>>> vm_area_struct *source_vma, loff_t source_offset, unsigned int
>>>> maxperm);
>>>> 
>>>> Then you don't have to muck with mapping anything PROT_EXEC.  Instead
>>>> you load from a mapping of a file and the LSM applies whatever policy
>>>> it feels appropriate.  If the first pass gets something wrong, the
>>>> application or library authors can take it up with the SELinux folks
>>>> without breaking the whole ABI :)
>>>> 
>>>> (I'm proposing passing in the source_vma because this hook would be
>>>> called with mmap_sem held for read to avoid a TOCTOU race.)
>>>> 
>>>> If we go this route, the only substantial change to the existing
>>>> driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is the maxperm
>>>> mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API changes are needed to
>>>> allow users to conveniently set up the mappings.  And we don't need to
>>>> worry about how to hack around mprotect() calling into the LSM,
>>>> because the LSM will actually be aware of SGX and can just do the
>>>> right thing.
>>> 
>>> This doesn't address restricting which processes can run which enclaves,
>>> it only allows restricting the build flow.  Or are you suggesting this
>>> be done in addition to whitelisting sigstructs?
>> 
>> In addition.
>> 
>> But I named the function badly and gave it a bad signature, which
>> confused you.  Let's try again:
>> 
>> int security_enclave_load_from_memory(const struct vm_area_struct
>> *source, unsigned int maxperm);
> 
> I prefer security_enclave_load(), "from_memory" seems redundant at best.

Fine with me.

> 
>> Maybe some really fancy future LSM would also want loff_t
>> source_offset, but it's probably not terribly useful.  This same
>> callback would be used for EAUG.
>> 
>> Following up on your discussion with Cedric about sigstruct, the other
>> callback would be something like:
>> 
>> int security_enclave_init(struct file *sigstruct_file);
>> 
>> The main issue I see is that we also want to control the enclave's
>> ability to have RWX pages or to change a W page to X.  We might also
>> want:
>> 
>> int security_enclave_load_zeros(unsigned int maxperm);
> 
> What's the use case for this?  @maxperm will always be at least RW in
> this case, otherwise the page is useless to the enclave, and if the
> enclave can write the page, the fact that it started as zeros is
> irrelevant.

This is how EAUG could ask if RWX is okay. If an enclave is internally doing dynamic loading, the it will need a heap page with maxperm = RWX.  (If it’s well designed, it will make it RW and then RX, either by changing SECINFO or by asking the host to mprotect() it, but it still needs the overall RWX mask.).

Also, do real SGX1 enclave formats have BSS? If so, then either we need an ioctl or load zeros or user code is going to load from /dev/zero or just from the heap, but the LSM is going to play better with an ioctl, I suspect :)

> 
>> An enclave that's going to modify its own code will need memory with
>> maxperm = RWX or WX.
>> 
>> But this is a bit awkward if the LSM's decision depends on the
>> sigstruct.  We could get fancy and require that the sigstruct be
>> supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can
>> depend on the sigstruct.
>> 
>> Am I making more sense now?
> 
> Yep.  Requiring .sigstruct at ECREATE would be trivial.  If we wanted
> flexibility we could do:
> 
>   int security_enclave_load(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
>                             unsigned long prot);
> 
> And for ultimate flexibility we could pass both .sigstruct and the file
> pointer for /dev/sgx/enclave, but that seems a bit ridiculous.

I agree.

> 
> Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as Cedric
> wanted (without having to play games and pass /dev/sgx/enclave to
> security_enclave_load()), but I don't think there's anything fundamentally
> broken with using .sigstruct for EXECMOD.  It requires more verbose
> labeling, but that's not a bad thing.

The benefit of putting it on .sigstruct is that it can be per-enclave.

As I understand it from Fedora packaging, the way this works on distros is generally that a package will include some files and their associated labels, and, if the package needs EXECMOD, then the files are labeled with EXECMOD and the author of the relevant code might get a dirty look.

This could translate to the author of an exclave that needs RWX regions getting a dirty look without leaking this permission into other enclaves.

(In my opinion, the dirty looks are actually the best security benefit of the entire concept of LSMs making RWX difficult.  A sufficiently creative attacker can almost always bypass W^X restrictions once they’ve pwned you, but W^X makes it harder to pwn you in the first place, and SELinux makes it really obvious when packaging a program that doesn’t respect W^X.  The upshot is that a lot of programs got fixed.)

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 20:03                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 20:58                                                                     ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-24 21:27                                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-25 17:31                                                                     ` Dr. Greg
  2 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Dr. Greg @ 2019-05-25 17:31 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Xing, Cedric, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 01:03:33PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:

Good morning, I hope the weekend is going well for everyone.  Skunky
holiday weather out here in West-Central Minnesota.

> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:37:44PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > If we go this route, the only substantial change to the existing
> > driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is the maxperm
> > mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API changes are needed to
> > allow users to conveniently set up the mappings.  And we don't need to
> > worry about how to hack around mprotect() calling into the LSM,
> > because the LSM will actually be aware of SGX and can just do the
> > right thing.

> This doesn't address restricting which processes can run which
> enclaves, it only allows restricting the build flow.  Or are you
> suggesting this be done in addition to whitelisting sigstructs?
>
> What's the value prop beyond whitelisting sigstructs?
> Realistically, I doubt LSMs/users will want to take the performance
> hit of scanning the source bytes every time an enclave is loaded.
>
> We could add seomthing like security_enclave_mprotect() in lieu of
> abusing security_file_mprotect(), but passing the full source bytes
> seems a bit much.

It would seem that we hold the moniker of responsibility for this
conversation, since without our provocation regarding cryptographic
verification of enclave source, there would be a driver headed
upstream whose only constraint against W^X sourced executable code,
running with full confidentiality and integrity protections, would be
a character device with o666 permissions.  Given that, a couple of
reflections to facilitate further conversation, if nothing else for
the benefit of Jonathan Corbet and his bystanders... :-)

As the conversations to date have indicated, imposing LSM controls on
enclave executable code is a bit problematic, in no small part since
it is the theological equivalent of driving a square peg into a round
hole.  SGX, as a technology, was designed around the concept of
cryptographic verification of code provenance and origin.

The decision to take that off the table, for reasons of political
idealogy only, means that mainstream Linux will not be a platform that
can achieve the full hardware security capabilities and protections of
SGX, nor will mainstream Linux be able to enjoy full protections from
the technology itself.

We will be dealing with that, from a driver and runtime perspective,
but that is a conversation for another day.

The issue of SGX2 and Enclave Dynamic Memory Management (EDMM) has
come up and to date there doesn't appear to have been a serious
conversation regarding whether or not all of the LSM machinations in
the world will make any difference when this technology goes mainline.
The agenda driving mainlining of the driver is to support Graphene for
cloud based solutions and without EDMM, dynamic code loading support
is decidedly more problematic.

Dynamic enclave code loading isn't problematic from a security
perspective when the code is being loaded from the platform itself,
since presumably, the encompassing conversation will result in LSM
controls being applied to the necessary code paths.  However, with the
ability to exploit SGX2 instructions, an enclave with adverserial
intent could simply setup a mutually attested security context and
pull whatever executable code it wants from the INTERNET at large,
using an encrypted and integrity protected communications channel.

That has at least been our interpretation and experience with the
ENCLU[EMODPE] and ENCLU[EACCEPTCOPY] instructions and the out-of-tree
driver.  Given the use of an encrypted channel, and the fact that
these instructions are ring 3 enclave mode only, it would seem that
all of the LSM controls in the world won't have visibility or control
over code that is being loaded and executed using such a mechanism.

We could have arguably missed something that the new driver will do to
address this issue.  To date the only discussion seems to have been
about controls over ENCLS[EAUG], which are arguably a bit blunt for
this purpose.

In the land of SGX, if one is intellectually honest from an
engineering perspective, the only solid security contract one has to
work with is the notion of cryptographic identity.  Hence our concern
and patches that implemented an absolutely minimal footprint ring-0
control infrastructure over the contents of an enclave's SIGSTRUCT.
Which is where we have arguably circled back to after 3-4 months and
one kernel release cycle.

Wrapping an LSM hook around our policy mechanism would seem to
achieve, from a security perspective, about the same level of security
effect that more major and invasive modifications would achieve, given
Cedric's proposal to inherit page permissions from the source, which
is what our runtime already does.

As always, apologies for excessive verbosity beyond LKML sensibilities.

Best wishes for a pleasant remainder of the spring weekend to
everyone.

Dr. Greg

As always,
Dr. G.W. Wettstein, Ph.D.   Enjellic Systems Development, LLC.
4206 N. 19th Ave.           Specializing in information infra-structure
Fargo, ND  58102            development.
PH: 701-281-1686
FAX: 701-281-3949           EMAIL: greg@enjellic.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Heaven goes by favor.  If it went by merit, you would stay out and your
 dog would go in."
                                -- Mark Twain

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-24 23:42                                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-25 22:40                                                                           ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-26  0:57                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-25 22:40 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski, Christopherson, Sean J
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@amacapital.net]
> Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 4:42 PM
> 
> > On May 24, 2019, at 3:41 PM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> >> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 02:27:34PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> >> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 1:03 PM Sean Christopherson
> >> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >>>
> >>>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:37:44PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> >>>>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> >>>>>
> >>>>> If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than
> >>>>> shared objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM
> >>>>> when enclave whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an
> >>>>> adversary may load a page, which would otherwise never be executable, as an executable
> page in EPC.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have
> >>>>> a RWX page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will
> >>>>> have been checked. For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is
> >>>>> subject to FILE__EXECMEM on /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a
> >>>>> security benefit because it only affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting
> it.
> >>>>
> >>>> So the permission would be like FILE__EXECMOD on the source enclave
> >>>> page, because it would be mapped MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_WRITE?
> >>>> MAP_SHARED, PROT_WRITE isn't going to work because that means you
> >>>> can modify the file.
> >>>
> >>> Was this in response to Cedric's comment, or to my comment?
> >>
> >> Yours.  I think that requiring source pages to be actually mapped W
> >> is not such a great idea.
> >
> > I wasn't requiring source pages to be mapped W.  At least I didn't
> > intend to require W.  What I was trying to say is that SGX could
> > trigger an EXECMEM check if userspace attempted to EADD or EAUG an
> > enclave page with RWX permissions, e.g.:
> >
> >  if ((SECINFO.PERMS & RWX) == RWX) {
> >      ret = security_mmap_file(NULL, RWX, ???);
> >      if (ret)
> >          return ret;
> >  }
> >
> > But that's a moot point if we add security_enclave_load() or whatever.
> >
> >>
> >>>
> >>>> I'm starting to think that looking at the source VMA permission
> >>>> bits or source PTE permission bits is putting a bit too much policy
> >>>> into the driver as opposed to the LSM.  How about delegating the
> >>>> whole thing to an LSM hook?  The EADD operation would invoke a new
> >>>> hook, something like:
> >>>>
> >>>> int security_enclave_load_bytes(void *source_addr, struct
> >>>> vm_area_struct *source_vma, loff_t source_offset, unsigned int
> >>>> maxperm);
> >>>>
> >>>> Then you don't have to muck with mapping anything PROT_EXEC.
> >>>> Instead you load from a mapping of a file and the LSM applies
> >>>> whatever policy it feels appropriate.  If the first pass gets
> >>>> something wrong, the application or library authors can take it up
> >>>> with the SELinux folks without breaking the whole ABI :)
> >>>>
> >>>> (I'm proposing passing in the source_vma because this hook would be
> >>>> called with mmap_sem held for read to avoid a TOCTOU race.)
> >>>>
> >>>> If we go this route, the only substantial change to the existing
> >>>> driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is the maxperm
> >>>> mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API changes are needed to
> >>>> allow users to conveniently set up the mappings.  And we don't need
> >>>> to worry about how to hack around mprotect() calling into the LSM,
> >>>> because the LSM will actually be aware of SGX and can just do the
> >>>> right thing.
> >>>
> >>> This doesn't address restricting which processes can run which
> >>> enclaves, it only allows restricting the build flow.  Or are you
> >>> suggesting this be done in addition to whitelisting sigstructs?
> >>
> >> In addition.
> >>
> >> But I named the function badly and gave it a bad signature, which
> >> confused you.  Let's try again:
> >>
> >> int security_enclave_load_from_memory(const struct vm_area_struct
> >> *source, unsigned int maxperm);
> >
> > I prefer security_enclave_load(), "from_memory" seems redundant at best.
> 
> Fine with me.

If we think of EADD as a way of mmap()'ing an enclave file into memory, would this security_enclave_load() be the same as security_mmap_file(source_vma->vm_file, maxperm, MAP_PRIVATE), except that the target is now EPC instead of regular pages? 

> 
> >
> >> Maybe some really fancy future LSM would also want loff_t
> >> source_offset, but it's probably not terribly useful.  This same
> >> callback would be used for EAUG.

EAUG always zeroes the EPC page before making it available to an enclave. So I don't think there's anything needed to done here.

> >>
> >> Following up on your discussion with Cedric about sigstruct, the
> >> other callback would be something like:
> >>
> >> int security_enclave_init(struct file *sigstruct_file);

I'd still insist in using a pointer rather than a file, for reasons that we've discussed before. For those who can't recall, the major reason is that most implementation would embed SIGSTRUCT into the same file as the enclave (or at least I don't want to prevent anyone from doing so), which could also be part of another file, such as a shared object or even the main executable itself. It could be difficult to obtain a fd in those cases. memfd won't work because it can't retain the same attributes of the original file containing the SIGSTRUCT. 

After all, what matters is the attributes associated with the backing file, which could be easily retrieve from vm_file of the covering VMA. So for the sake of flexibility, let's stay with what we've agreed before - a pointer to SIGSTRUCT.
 
> >>
> >> The main issue I see is that we also want to control the enclave's
> >> ability to have RWX pages or to change a W page to X.  We might also
> >> want:
> >>
> >> int security_enclave_load_zeros(unsigned int maxperm);
> >
> > What's the use case for this?  @maxperm will always be at least RW in
> > this case, otherwise the page is useless to the enclave, and if the
> > enclave can write the page, the fact that it started as zeros is
> > irrelevant.
> 
> This is how EAUG could ask if RWX is okay. If an enclave is internally doing dynamic loading,
> the it will need a heap page with maxperm = RWX.  (If it’s well designed, it will make it RW
> and then RX, either by changing SECINFO or by asking the host to mprotect() it, but it still
> needs the overall RWX mask.).

Any new page EAUG'ed will start in RW (as dictated by SGX ISA). EACCEPTCOPY will then change it to RX. RWX is never needed for all practical purposes. This in fact could be gated by mprotect() and the attributes associated with /dev/sgx/enclave. In the case of SELinux, FILE__EXECMOD is the right attribute and mprotect() will take care of all the rest. I don't see why the driver need a role here.
 
> 
> Also, do real SGX1 enclave formats have BSS? If so, then either we need an ioctl or load zeros
> or user code is going to load from /dev/zero or just from the heap, but the LSM is going to
> play better with an ioctl, I suspect :)

Yes, it does. But an enclave would either measure BSS, in which case the initial bytes have to be zero or MRENCLAVE will change; or zero BSS explicitly in its initialization code. 

But from LSM's perspective it makes no difference than EADD'ing a page with non-zero content. And security_enclave_load(NULL, RW) would take care of it in exactly in the same way. 

> 
> >
> >> An enclave that's going to modify its own code will need memory with
> >> maxperm = RWX or WX.

With SGX2/EDMM, RWX is *never* needed for all practical purposes.

In theory, in terms of security, no page shall be made executable while it is still being prepared. So W and X shall always be mutually exclusive, regardless it's in EPC or regular memory.

RWX is only needed in SGX1, as a workaround for certain usages, because EPCM permissions can never change at runtime.

> >>
> >> But this is a bit awkward if the LSM's decision depends on the
> >> sigstruct.  We could get fancy and require that the sigstruct be
> >> supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can
> >> depend on the sigstruct.
> >>
> >> Am I making more sense now?
> >
> > Yep.  Requiring .sigstruct at ECREATE would be trivial.  If we wanted
> > flexibility we could do:
> >
> >   int security_enclave_load(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> >                             unsigned long prot);
> >
> > And for ultimate flexibility we could pass both .sigstruct and the
> > file pointer for /dev/sgx/enclave, but that seems a bit ridiculous.
> 
> I agree.

Loosely speaking, an enclave (including initial contents of all of its pages and their permissions) and its MRENCLAVE are a 1-to-1 correspondence (given the collision resistant property of SHA-2). So only one is needed for a decision, and either one would lead to the same decision. So I don't see anything making any sense here.

Theoretically speaking, if LSM can make a decision at EINIT by means of security_enclave_load(), then security_enclave_load() is never needed.

In practice, I support keeping both because security_enclave_load() can only approve an enumerable set while security_enclave_load() can approve a non-enumerable set of enclaves. Moreover, in order to determine the validity of a MRENCLAVE (as in development of a policy or in creation of a white/black list), system admins will need the audit log produced by security_enclave_load().

> 
> >
> > Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as Cedric
> > wanted (without having to play games and pass /dev/sgx/enclave to
> > security_enclave_load()), but I don't think there's anything
> > fundamentally broken with using .sigstruct for EXECMOD.  It requires
> > more verbose labeling, but that's not a bad thing.
> 
> The benefit of putting it on .sigstruct is that it can be per-enclave.
> 
> As I understand it from Fedora packaging, the way this works on distros is generally that a
> package will include some files and their associated labels, and, if the package needs EXECMOD,
> then the files are labeled with EXECMOD and the author of the relevant code might get a dirty
> look.
> 
> This could translate to the author of an exclave that needs RWX regions getting a dirty look
> without leaking this permission into other enclaves.
> 
> (In my opinion, the dirty looks are actually the best security benefit of the entire concept
> of LSMs making RWX difficult.  A sufficiently creative attacker can almost always bypass W^X
> restrictions once they’ve pwned you, but W^X makes it harder to pwn you in the first place,
> and SELinux makes it really obvious when packaging a program that doesn’t respect W^X.  The
> upshot is that a lot of programs got fixed.)

I'm lost here. Dynamically linked enclaves, if running on SGX2, would need RW->RX, i.e. FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave. But they never need RWX, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM. 

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-25 22:40                                                                           ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-26  0:57                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-26  6:09                                                                               ` Xing, Cedric
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-26  0:57 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Christopherson, Sean J, Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 3:40 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>
> > From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@amacapital.net]
> > Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 4:42 PM
> >
> > > On May 24, 2019, at 3:41 PM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > >
> > >> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 02:27:34PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > >> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 1:03 PM Sean Christopherson
> > >> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > >>>
> > >>>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:37:44PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > >>>>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive than
> > >>>>> shared objects, then it'd become a backdoor for circumventing LSM
> > >>>>> when enclave whitelisting is *not* in place. For example, an
> > >>>>> adversary may load a page, which would otherwise never be executable, as an executable
> > page in EPC.
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to have
> > >>>>> a RWX page serving as the source for EADD so PROCESS__EXECMEM will
> > >>>>> have been checked. For SGX2, changing an EPC page to RWX is
> > >>>>> subject to FILE__EXECMEM on /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a
> > >>>>> security benefit because it only affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting
> > it.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> So the permission would be like FILE__EXECMOD on the source enclave
> > >>>> page, because it would be mapped MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_WRITE?
> > >>>> MAP_SHARED, PROT_WRITE isn't going to work because that means you
> > >>>> can modify the file.
> > >>>
> > >>> Was this in response to Cedric's comment, or to my comment?
> > >>
> > >> Yours.  I think that requiring source pages to be actually mapped W
> > >> is not such a great idea.
> > >
> > > I wasn't requiring source pages to be mapped W.  At least I didn't
> > > intend to require W.  What I was trying to say is that SGX could
> > > trigger an EXECMEM check if userspace attempted to EADD or EAUG an
> > > enclave page with RWX permissions, e.g.:
> > >
> > >  if ((SECINFO.PERMS & RWX) == RWX) {
> > >      ret = security_mmap_file(NULL, RWX, ???);
> > >      if (ret)
> > >          return ret;
> > >  }
> > >
> > > But that's a moot point if we add security_enclave_load() or whatever.
> > >
> > >>
> > >>>
> > >>>> I'm starting to think that looking at the source VMA permission
> > >>>> bits or source PTE permission bits is putting a bit too much policy
> > >>>> into the driver as opposed to the LSM.  How about delegating the
> > >>>> whole thing to an LSM hook?  The EADD operation would invoke a new
> > >>>> hook, something like:
> > >>>>
> > >>>> int security_enclave_load_bytes(void *source_addr, struct
> > >>>> vm_area_struct *source_vma, loff_t source_offset, unsigned int
> > >>>> maxperm);
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Then you don't have to muck with mapping anything PROT_EXEC.
> > >>>> Instead you load from a mapping of a file and the LSM applies
> > >>>> whatever policy it feels appropriate.  If the first pass gets
> > >>>> something wrong, the application or library authors can take it up
> > >>>> with the SELinux folks without breaking the whole ABI :)
> > >>>>
> > >>>> (I'm proposing passing in the source_vma because this hook would be
> > >>>> called with mmap_sem held for read to avoid a TOCTOU race.)
> > >>>>
> > >>>> If we go this route, the only substantial change to the existing
> > >>>> driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is the maxperm
> > >>>> mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API changes are needed to
> > >>>> allow users to conveniently set up the mappings.  And we don't need
> > >>>> to worry about how to hack around mprotect() calling into the LSM,
> > >>>> because the LSM will actually be aware of SGX and can just do the
> > >>>> right thing.
> > >>>
> > >>> This doesn't address restricting which processes can run which
> > >>> enclaves, it only allows restricting the build flow.  Or are you
> > >>> suggesting this be done in addition to whitelisting sigstructs?
> > >>
> > >> In addition.
> > >>
> > >> But I named the function badly and gave it a bad signature, which
> > >> confused you.  Let's try again:
> > >>
> > >> int security_enclave_load_from_memory(const struct vm_area_struct
> > >> *source, unsigned int maxperm);
> > >
> > > I prefer security_enclave_load(), "from_memory" seems redundant at best.
> >
> > Fine with me.
>
> If we think of EADD as a way of mmap()'ing an enclave file into memory, would this security_enclave_load() be the same as security_mmap_file(source_vma->vm_file, maxperm, MAP_PRIVATE), except that the target is now EPC instead of regular pages?

Hmm, that's clever.  Although it seems plausible that an LSM would
want to allow RX or RWX of a given file page but only in the context
of an approved enclave, so I think it should still be its own hook.

>
> >
> > >
> > >> Maybe some really fancy future LSM would also want loff_t
> > >> source_offset, but it's probably not terribly useful.  This same
> > >> callback would be used for EAUG.
>
> EAUG always zeroes the EPC page before making it available to an enclave. So I don't think there's anything needed to done here.

Duh.  So security_enclave_load_zeros() for EAUG.  See below.

>
> > >>
> > >> Following up on your discussion with Cedric about sigstruct, the
> > >> other callback would be something like:
> > >>
> > >> int security_enclave_init(struct file *sigstruct_file);
>
> I'd still insist in using a pointer rather than a file, for reasons that we've discussed before. For those who can't recall, the major reason is that most implementation would embed SIGSTRUCT into the same file as the enclave (or at least I don't want to prevent anyone from doing so), which could also be part of another file, such as a shared object or even the main executable itself. It could be difficult to obtain a fd in those cases. memfd won't work because it can't retain the same attributes of the original file containing the SIGSTRUCT.
>
> After all, what matters is the attributes associated with the backing file, which could be easily retrieve from vm_file of the covering VMA. So for the sake of flexibility, let's stay with what we've agreed before - a pointer to SIGSTRUCT.

I'm okay with this, except for one nastiness: there's a big difference
between a file that is just a sigstruct and a file that contains
essentially arbitrary data plus a sigstruct at an arbitrary offset.
We could do something tricky like saying that SIGSTRUCT can be in a
file that's just a SIGSTRUCT or it can be in a special SIGSTRUCT ELF
note in a file that isn't just a SIGSTRUCT, but that could be
annoyingly restrictive.

If it's going to be in an arbitrary file, then I think the signature
needs to be more like:

int security_enclave_init(struct vm_area_struct *sigstruct_vma, loff_t
sigstruct_offset, const sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);

So that the LSM still has the opportunity to base its decision on the
contents of the SIGSTRUCT.  Actually, we need that change regardless.

>
> > >>
> > >> The main issue I see is that we also want to control the enclave's
> > >> ability to have RWX pages or to change a W page to X.  We might also
> > >> want:
> > >>
> > >> int security_enclave_load_zeros(unsigned int maxperm);
> > >
> > > What's the use case for this?  @maxperm will always be at least RW in
> > > this case, otherwise the page is useless to the enclave, and if the
> > > enclave can write the page, the fact that it started as zeros is
> > > irrelevant.
> >
> > This is how EAUG could ask if RWX is okay. If an enclave is internally doing dynamic loading,
> > the it will need a heap page with maxperm = RWX.  (If it’s well designed, it will make it RW
> > and then RX, either by changing SECINFO or by asking the host to mprotect() it, but it still
> > needs the overall RWX mask.).
>
> Any new page EAUG'ed will start in RW (as dictated by SGX ISA). EACCEPTCOPY will then change it to RX. RWX is never needed for all practical purposes. This in fact could be gated by mprotect() and the attributes associated with /dev/sgx/enclave. In the case of SELinux, FILE__EXECMOD is the right attribute and mprotect() will take care of all the rest. I don't see why the driver need a role here.

I find the SDM's discussion of EAUG, EACCEPT, and EACCEPTCOPY to be
extremely confusing.  My copy of the SDM has EACCEPT's SECINFO
argument as "Read access permitted by Non Enclave".  Is that an error?
 And is EACCEPTCOPY just EACCEPT + memcpy or is there some other
fundamental difference?  38.5.7 doesn't even mention EACCEPTCOPY.

Anyway, all my confusion aside, I was talking about the page table,
not the EPCM.  I think the enclave should need permission to write its
own content into a page that will ever become X, and the enclave's
untrusted host library would do this by adding the page with
MAXPERM=RWX and then mapping/mprotecting it as PROT_WRITE and then
(later or simultaneously) PROT_EXEC.

Since SGX2 doesn't seem to have a way to add an initialized page to
EPC after an enclave starts, I guess that it's impossible to have the
enclave do something like dlopen() without MAXPERM=RWX.  So be it.
Maybe someone will find this annoying someday and SGX3 will add
EAUG-but-don't-zero and EACCEPT-with-existing-contents.

>
> >
> > Also, do real SGX1 enclave formats have BSS? If so, then either we need an ioctl or load zeros
> > or user code is going to load from /dev/zero or just from the heap, but the LSM is going to
> > play better with an ioctl, I suspect :)
>
> Yes, it does. But an enclave would either measure BSS, in which case the initial bytes have to be zero or MRENCLAVE will change; or zero BSS explicitly in its initialization code.
>
> But from LSM's perspective it makes no difference than EADD'ing a page with non-zero content. And security_enclave_load(NULL, RW) would take care of it in exactly in the same way.

Sure, I suppose the same hook with NULL parameters would be equivalent.

>
> >
> > >
> > >> An enclave that's going to modify its own code will need memory with
> > >> maxperm = RWX or WX.
>
> With SGX2/EDMM, RWX is *never* needed for all practical purposes.
>
> In theory, in terms of security, no page shall be made executable while it is still being prepared. So W and X shall always be mutually exclusive, regardless it's in EPC or regular memory.
>
> RWX is only needed in SGX1, as a workaround for certain usages, because EPCM permissions can never change at runtime.

As above, I think I disagree.  MAXPERM is intended as an upper bound
on the permissions that a page can ever have, at least until it's
EREMOVEd and re-added.  Since there's no EAUG-but-don't-zero, EAUG
with MAXPERM.W=0 is basically useless because the page can never
contain anything other than zeros, so a dynamically allocated page
that is ever executed has to have MAXPERM=RWX or MAXPERM=WX.  And that
will need special permissions, which I think is consistent with your
recent emails on how this could all map to SELinux permissions.

>
> > >>
> > >> But this is a bit awkward if the LSM's decision depends on the
> > >> sigstruct.  We could get fancy and require that the sigstruct be
> > >> supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can
> > >> depend on the sigstruct.
> > >>
> > >> Am I making more sense now?
> > >
> > > Yep.  Requiring .sigstruct at ECREATE would be trivial.  If we wanted
> > > flexibility we could do:
> > >
> > >   int security_enclave_load(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > >                             unsigned long prot);
> > >
> > > And for ultimate flexibility we could pass both .sigstruct and the
> > > file pointer for /dev/sgx/enclave, but that seems a bit ridiculous.
> >
> > I agree.
>
> Loosely speaking, an enclave (including initial contents of all of its pages and their permissions) and its MRENCLAVE are a 1-to-1 correspondence (given the collision resistant property of SHA-2). So only one is needed for a decision, and either one would lead to the same decision. So I don't see anything making any sense here.
>
> Theoretically speaking, if LSM can make a decision at EINIT by means of security_enclave_load(), then security_enclave_load() is never needed.
>
> In practice, I support keeping both because security_enclave_load() can only approve an enumerable set while security_enclave_load() can approve a non-enumerable set of enclaves. Moreover, in order to determine the validity of a MRENCLAVE (as in development of a policy or in creation of a white/black list), system admins will need the audit log produced by security_enclave_load().

I'm confused.  Things like MRSIGNER aren't known until the SIGSTRUCT
shows up.  Also, security_enclave_load() provides no protection
against loading a mishmash of two different enclave files.  I see
security_enclave_init() as "verify this SIGSTRUCT against your policy
on who may sign enclaves and/or grant EXECMOD depending on SIGSTRUCT"
and security_enclave_load() as "implement your EXECMOD / EXECUTE /
WRITE / whatever policy and possibly check enclave files for some
label."

>
> >
> > >
> > > Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as Cedric
> > > wanted (without having to play games and pass /dev/sgx/enclave to
> > > security_enclave_load()), but I don't think there's anything
> > > fundamentally broken with using .sigstruct for EXECMOD.  It requires
> > > more verbose labeling, but that's not a bad thing.
> >
> > The benefit of putting it on .sigstruct is that it can be per-enclave.
> >
> > As I understand it from Fedora packaging, the way this works on distros is generally that a
> > package will include some files and their associated labels, and, if the package needs EXECMOD,
> > then the files are labeled with EXECMOD and the author of the relevant code might get a dirty
> > look.
> >
> > This could translate to the author of an exclave that needs RWX regions getting a dirty look
> > without leaking this permission into other enclaves.
> >
> > (In my opinion, the dirty looks are actually the best security benefit of the entire concept
> > of LSMs making RWX difficult.  A sufficiently creative attacker can almost always bypass W^X
> > restrictions once they’ve pwned you, but W^X makes it harder to pwn you in the first place,
> > and SELinux makes it really obvious when packaging a program that doesn’t respect W^X.  The
> > upshot is that a lot of programs got fixed.)
>
> I'm lost here. Dynamically linked enclaves, if running on SGX2, would need RW->RX, i.e. FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave. But they never need RWX, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM.

Hmm.  If we want to make this distinction, we need something a big
richer than my proposed callbacks.  A check of the actual mprotect() /
mmap() permissions would also be needed.  Specifically, allowing
MAXPERM=RWX wouldn't imply that PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC is allowed.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-26  0:57                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-26  6:09                                                                               ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-28 20:24                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-26  6:09 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Christopherson, Sean J, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> Sent: Saturday, May 25, 2019 5:58 PM
> 
> On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 3:40 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > > From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@amacapital.net]
> > > Sent: Friday, May 24, 2019 4:42 PM
> > >
> > > > On May 24, 2019, at 3:41 PM, Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
> wrote:
> > > >
> > > >> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 02:27:34PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > >> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 1:03 PM Sean Christopherson
> > > >> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > > >>>
> > > >>>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 12:37:44PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > >>>>> On Fri, May 24, 2019 at 11:34 AM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> > > >>>>>
> > > >>>>> If "initial permissions" for enclaves are less restrictive
> > > >>>>> than shared objects, then it'd become a backdoor for
> > > >>>>> circumventing LSM when enclave whitelisting is *not* in place.
> > > >>>>> For example, an adversary may load a page, which would
> > > >>>>> otherwise never be executable, as an executable
> > > page in EPC.
> > > >>>>>
> > > >>>>> In the case a RWX page is needed, the calling process has to
> > > >>>>> have a RWX page serving as the source for EADD so
> > > >>>>> PROCESS__EXECMEM will have been checked. For SGX2, changing an
> > > >>>>> EPC page to RWX is subject to FILE__EXECMEM on
> > > >>>>> /dev/sgx/enclave, which I see as a security benefit because it
> > > >>>>> only affects the enclave but not the whole process hosting
> > > it.
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> So the permission would be like FILE__EXECMOD on the source
> > > >>>> enclave page, because it would be mapped MAP_ANONYMOUS, PROT_WRITE?
> > > >>>> MAP_SHARED, PROT_WRITE isn't going to work because that means
> > > >>>> you can modify the file.
> > > >>>
> > > >>> Was this in response to Cedric's comment, or to my comment?
> > > >>
> > > >> Yours.  I think that requiring source pages to be actually mapped
> > > >> W is not such a great idea.
> > > >
> > > > I wasn't requiring source pages to be mapped W.  At least I didn't
> > > > intend to require W.  What I was trying to say is that SGX could
> > > > trigger an EXECMEM check if userspace attempted to EADD or EAUG an
> > > > enclave page with RWX permissions, e.g.:
> > > >
> > > >  if ((SECINFO.PERMS & RWX) == RWX) {
> > > >      ret = security_mmap_file(NULL, RWX, ???);
> > > >      if (ret)
> > > >          return ret;
> > > >  }
> > > >
> > > > But that's a moot point if we add security_enclave_load() or whatever.
> > > >
> > > >>
> > > >>>
> > > >>>> I'm starting to think that looking at the source VMA permission
> > > >>>> bits or source PTE permission bits is putting a bit too much
> > > >>>> policy into the driver as opposed to the LSM.  How about
> > > >>>> delegating the whole thing to an LSM hook?  The EADD operation
> > > >>>> would invoke a new hook, something like:
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> int security_enclave_load_bytes(void *source_addr, struct
> > > >>>> vm_area_struct *source_vma, loff_t source_offset, unsigned int
> > > >>>> maxperm);
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> Then you don't have to muck with mapping anything PROT_EXEC.
> > > >>>> Instead you load from a mapping of a file and the LSM applies
> > > >>>> whatever policy it feels appropriate.  If the first pass gets
> > > >>>> something wrong, the application or library authors can take it
> > > >>>> up with the SELinux folks without breaking the whole ABI :)
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> (I'm proposing passing in the source_vma because this hook
> > > >>>> would be called with mmap_sem held for read to avoid a TOCTOU
> > > >>>> race.)
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> If we go this route, the only substantial change to the
> > > >>>> existing driver that's needed for an initial upstream merge is
> > > >>>> the maxperm mechanism and whatever hopefully minimal API
> > > >>>> changes are needed to allow users to conveniently set up the
> > > >>>> mappings.  And we don't need to worry about how to hack around
> > > >>>> mprotect() calling into the LSM, because the LSM will actually
> > > >>>> be aware of SGX and can just do the right thing.
> > > >>>
> > > >>> This doesn't address restricting which processes can run which
> > > >>> enclaves, it only allows restricting the build flow.  Or are you
> > > >>> suggesting this be done in addition to whitelisting sigstructs?
> > > >>
> > > >> In addition.
> > > >>
> > > >> But I named the function badly and gave it a bad signature, which
> > > >> confused you.  Let's try again:
> > > >>
> > > >> int security_enclave_load_from_memory(const struct vm_area_struct
> > > >> *source, unsigned int maxperm);
> > > >
> > > > I prefer security_enclave_load(), "from_memory" seems redundant at best.
> > >
> > > Fine with me.
> >
> > If we think of EADD as a way of mmap()'ing an enclave file into memory, would this
> security_enclave_load() be the same as security_mmap_file(source_vma->vm_file, maxperm,
> MAP_PRIVATE), except that the target is now EPC instead of regular pages?
> 
> Hmm, that's clever.  Although it seems plausible that an LSM would want to allow RX or RWX
> of a given file page but only in the context of an approved enclave, so I think it should
> still be its own hook.

What do you mean by "in the context of an approved enclave"? EPC pages are *inaccessible* to any software until after EINIT. So it would never be a security concern to EADD a page with wrong permissions as long as the enclave would be denied eventually by LSM at EINIT.

But I acknowledge the difference between loading a page into regular memory vs. into EPC. So it's beneficial to have a separate hook, which if not hooked, would pass through to security_mmap_file() by default? 

> 
> >
> > >
> > > >
> > > >> Maybe some really fancy future LSM would also want loff_t
> > > >> source_offset, but it's probably not terribly useful.  This same
> > > >> callback would be used for EAUG.
> >
> > EAUG always zeroes the EPC page before making it available to an enclave. So I don't
> think there's anything needed to done here.
> 
> Duh.  So security_enclave_load_zeros() for EAUG.  See below.
> 
> >
> > > >>
> > > >> Following up on your discussion with Cedric about sigstruct, the
> > > >> other callback would be something like:
> > > >>
> > > >> int security_enclave_init(struct file *sigstruct_file);
> >
> > I'd still insist in using a pointer rather than a file, for reasons that we've discussed
> before. For those who can't recall, the major reason is that most implementation would
> embed SIGSTRUCT into the same file as the enclave (or at least I don't want to prevent
> anyone from doing so), which could also be part of another file, such as a shared object
> or even the main executable itself. It could be difficult to obtain a fd in those cases.
> memfd won't work because it can't retain the same attributes of the original file
> containing the SIGSTRUCT.
> >
> > After all, what matters is the attributes associated with the backing file, which could
> be easily retrieve from vm_file of the covering VMA. So for the sake of flexibility, let's
> stay with what we've agreed before - a pointer to SIGSTRUCT.
> 
> I'm okay with this, except for one nastiness: there's a big difference between a file that
> is just a sigstruct and a file that contains essentially arbitrary data plus a sigstruct
> at an arbitrary offset.
> We could do something tricky like saying that SIGSTRUCT can be in a file that's just a
> SIGSTRUCT or it can be in a special SIGSTRUCT ELF note in a file that isn't just a
> SIGSTRUCT, but that could be annoyingly restrictive.

Agreed. Approving a file implies approving all SIGSTRUCTs within that file. But I guess it wouldn't cause practical problems.

> 
> If it's going to be in an arbitrary file, then I think the signature needs to be more like:
> 
> int security_enclave_init(struct vm_area_struct *sigstruct_vma, loff_t sigstruct_offset,
> const sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
> 
> So that the LSM still has the opportunity to base its decision on the contents of the
> SIGSTRUCT.  Actually, we need that change regardless.

Wouldn't the pair of { sigstruct_vma, sigstruct_offset } be the same as just a pointer, because the VMA could be looked up using the pointer and the offset would then be (pointer - vma->vm_start)?

> 
> >
> > > >>
> > > >> The main issue I see is that we also want to control the
> > > >> enclave's ability to have RWX pages or to change a W page to X.
> > > >> We might also
> > > >> want:
> > > >>
> > > >> int security_enclave_load_zeros(unsigned int maxperm);
> > > >
> > > > What's the use case for this?  @maxperm will always be at least RW
> > > > in this case, otherwise the page is useless to the enclave, and if
> > > > the enclave can write the page, the fact that it started as zeros
> > > > is irrelevant.
> > >
> > > This is how EAUG could ask if RWX is okay. If an enclave is
> > > internally doing dynamic loading, the it will need a heap page with
> > > maxperm = RWX.  (If it’s well designed, it will make it RW and then
> > > RX, either by changing SECINFO or by asking the host to mprotect() it, but it still
> needs the overall RWX mask.).
> >
> > Any new page EAUG'ed will start in RW (as dictated by SGX ISA). EACCEPTCOPY will then
> change it to RX. RWX is never needed for all practical purposes. This in fact could be
> gated by mprotect() and the attributes associated with /dev/sgx/enclave. In the case of
> SELinux, FILE__EXECMOD is the right attribute and mprotect() will take care of all the
> rest. I don't see why the driver need a role here.
> 
> I find the SDM's discussion of EAUG, EACCEPT, and EACCEPTCOPY to be extremely confusing.
> My copy of the SDM has EACCEPT's SECINFO argument as "Read access permitted by Non
> Enclave".  Is that an error?

I'm confused by those descriptions too. Guess I cannot comment if that's an error or not.

Anyway, per our internal documents, for EAUG, SECINFO has to be set to PT_REG|RW. For EACCEPT, SGX ISA compares supplied SECINFO with EPCM attributes and returns an error if they don't match. EACCEPTCOPY only works on pending pages (i.e. SECINFO.P must be set), and sets EPCM access permissions to whatever supplied in SECINFO. 
 
>  And is EACCEPTCOPY just EACCEPT + memcpy or is there some other fundamental difference?
> 38.5.7 doesn't even mention EACCEPTCOPY.

2 differences: 1) EACCEPT only *compares* but EACCEPTCOPY *sets* EPCM permissions; and 2) EACCEPTCOPY does EACCEPT+memcpy atomically.
 
> 
> Anyway, all my confusion aside, I was talking about the page table, not the EPCM.  I think
> the enclave should need permission to write its own content into a page that will ever
> become X, and the enclave's untrusted host library would do this by adding the page with
> MAXPERM=RWX and then mapping/mprotecting it as PROT_WRITE and then (later or
> simultaneously) PROT_EXEC.

I was talking about the same thing. A code page in EPC will start in RW (both EPCM and PTE) and end in RX (both EPCM and PTE). EACCEPTCOPY takes care of EPCM, while mprotect() could take care of PTE as long as /dev/sgx/enclave has FILE__EXECMOD.

I understand your intention to enclave pages to segments with different MAXPERMs. My concern is though the host process may not always have a priori knowledge on which ranges to be used as code vs. data. After all, only the weakest link matters in security so I think what a host process cares would be whether the enclave loads code dynamically, or expands its data segments only, or neither. And for that reason, I think it more "user friendly" to keep just one MAXPERM - i.e. the most permissive one. Then we could associate that with /dev/sgx/enclave so as to relieve the driver from keeping track of too many things. 

> 
> Since SGX2 doesn't seem to have a way to add an initialized page to EPC after an enclave
> starts, I guess that it's impossible to have the enclave do something like dlopen()
> without MAXPERM=RWX.  So be it.

That's true. The reason behind it is SGX doesn’t trust anything from outside. So non-predetermined contents must be measured (e.g. EADD+EEXTEND), but it's hard to measure (or attest to) dynamically added contents so we decided to allow predetermined contents (i.e. all zeros in the case of EAUG) only.
 
> Maybe someone will find this annoying someday and SGX3 will add EAUG-but-don't-zero and
> EACCEPT-with-existing-contents.

From security perspective, accepting a page that is measured/hashed to XYZ is equivalent to overwriting that page with content hashed to XYZ. EACCEPTCOPY actually does the latter. The annoying part is due to the mismatch between SGX ISA and the s/w model adopted by LSM, but that has nothing to do with security. 

> 
> >
> > >
> > > Also, do real SGX1 enclave formats have BSS? If so, then either we
> > > need an ioctl or load zeros or user code is going to load from
> > > /dev/zero or just from the heap, but the LSM is going to play better
> > > with an ioctl, I suspect :)
> >
> > Yes, it does. But an enclave would either measure BSS, in which case the initial bytes
> have to be zero or MRENCLAVE will change; or zero BSS explicitly in its initialization
> code.
> >
> > But from LSM's perspective it makes no difference than EADD'ing a page with non-zero
> content. And security_enclave_load(NULL, RW) would take care of it in exactly in the same
> way.
> 
> Sure, I suppose the same hook with NULL parameters would be equivalent.
> 
> >
> > >
> > > >
> > > >> An enclave that's going to modify its own code will need memory
> > > >> with maxperm = RWX or WX.
> >
> > With SGX2/EDMM, RWX is *never* needed for all practical purposes.
> >
> > In theory, in terms of security, no page shall be made executable while it is still
> being prepared. So W and X shall always be mutually exclusive, regardless it's in EPC or
> regular memory.
> >
> > RWX is only needed in SGX1, as a workaround for certain usages, because EPCM permissions
> can never change at runtime.
> 
> As above, I think I disagree.  MAXPERM is intended as an upper bound on the permissions
> that a page can ever have, at least until it's EREMOVEd and re-added.  Since there's no
> EAUG-but-don't-zero, EAUG with MAXPERM.W=0 is basically useless because the page can never
> contain anything other than zeros, so a dynamically allocated page that is ever executed
> has to have MAXPERM=RWX or MAXPERM=WX.  And that will need special permissions, which I
> think is consistent with your recent emails on how this could all map to SELinux
> permissions.

I'm totally with you. What I was trying to say was that only W or X would be needed at any given time. That said, MAXPERM=RWX but PROCESS__EXECMEM will not be needed, while FILE__EXECMOD will be needed only on /dev/sgx/enclave. So the inherent risk is contained. 

> 
> >
> > > >>
> > > >> But this is a bit awkward if the LSM's decision depends on the
> > > >> sigstruct.  We could get fancy and require that the sigstruct be
> > > >> supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions
> > > >> can depend on the sigstruct.
> > > >>
> > > >> Am I making more sense now?
> > > >
> > > > Yep.  Requiring .sigstruct at ECREATE would be trivial.  If we
> > > > wanted flexibility we could do:
> > > >
> > > >   int security_enclave_load(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > >                             unsigned long prot);
> > > >
> > > > And for ultimate flexibility we could pass both .sigstruct and the
> > > > file pointer for /dev/sgx/enclave, but that seems a bit ridiculous.
> > >
> > > I agree.
> >
> > Loosely speaking, an enclave (including initial contents of all of its pages and their
> permissions) and its MRENCLAVE are a 1-to-1 correspondence (given the collision resistant
> property of SHA-2). So only one is needed for a decision, and either one would lead to the
> same decision. So I don't see anything making any sense here.
> >
> > Theoretically speaking, if LSM can make a decision at EINIT by means of
> security_enclave_load(), then security_enclave_load() is never needed.
> >
> > In practice, I support keeping both because security_enclave_load() can only approve an
> enumerable set while security_enclave_load() can approve a non-enumerable set of enclaves.
> Moreover, in order to determine the validity of a MRENCLAVE (as in development of a policy
> or in creation of a white/black list), system admins will need the audit log produced by
> security_enclave_load().
> 
> I'm confused.  Things like MRSIGNER aren't known until the SIGSTRUCT shows up.  Also,
> security_enclave_load() provides no protection against loading a mishmash of two different
> enclave files.  I see
> security_enclave_init() as "verify this SIGSTRUCT against your policy on who may sign
> enclaves and/or grant EXECMOD depending on SIGSTRUCT"
> and security_enclave_load() as "implement your EXECMOD / EXECUTE / WRITE / whatever policy
> and possibly check enclave files for some label."

Sorry for the confusion. I was saying the same thing except that the decision of security_enclave_load() doesn't have to depend on SIGSTRUCT. Given your prototype of security_enclave_load(), I think we are on the same page. I made the above comment to object to the idea of "require that the sigstruct be supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can depend on the sigstruct".

> 
> >
> > >
> > > >
> > > > Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as
> > > > Cedric wanted (without having to play games and pass
> > > > /dev/sgx/enclave to security_enclave_load()), but I don't think
> > > > there's anything fundamentally broken with using .sigstruct for
> > > > EXECMOD.  It requires more verbose labeling, but that's not a bad thing.
> > >
> > > The benefit of putting it on .sigstruct is that it can be per-enclave.
> > >
> > > As I understand it from Fedora packaging, the way this works on
> > > distros is generally that a package will include some files and
> > > their associated labels, and, if the package needs EXECMOD, then the
> > > files are labeled with EXECMOD and the author of the relevant code might get a dirty
> look.
> > >
> > > This could translate to the author of an exclave that needs RWX
> > > regions getting a dirty look without leaking this permission into other enclaves.
> > >
> > > (In my opinion, the dirty looks are actually the best security
> > > benefit of the entire concept of LSMs making RWX difficult.  A
> > > sufficiently creative attacker can almost always bypass W^X
> > > restrictions once they’ve pwned you, but W^X makes it harder to pwn
> > > you in the first place, and SELinux makes it really obvious when
> > > packaging a program that doesn’t respect W^X.  The upshot is that a
> > > lot of programs got fixed.)
> >
> > I'm lost here. Dynamically linked enclaves, if running on SGX2, would need RW->RX, i.e.
> FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave. But they never need RWX, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM.
> 
> Hmm.  If we want to make this distinction, we need something a big richer than my proposed
> callbacks.  A check of the actual mprotect() /
> mmap() permissions would also be needed.  Specifically, allowing MAXPERM=RWX wouldn't
> imply that PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC is allowed.

If we keep only one MAXPERM, wouldn't this be the current behavior of mmap()/mprotect()?

To be a bit more clear, system admin sets MAXPERM upper bound in the form of FILE__{READ|WRITE|EXECUTE|EXECMOD} of /dev/sgx/enclave. Then for a process/enclave, if what it requires falls below what's allowed on /dev/sgx/enclave, then everything will just work. Otherwise, it fails in the form of -EPERM returned from mmap()/mprotect(). Please note that MAXPERM here applies to "runtime" permissions, while "initial" permissions are taken care of by security_enclave_{load|init}. "initial" permissions could be more permissive than "runtime" permissions, e.g., RX is still required for initial code pages even though system admins could disable dynamically loaded code pages by *not* giving FILE__{EXECUTE|EXECMOD}. Therefore, the "initial" mapping would still have to be done by the driver (to bypass LSM), either via a new ioctl or as part of IOC_EINIT.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23 14:17                                               ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-23 15:38                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-23 19:58                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-27 13:34                                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-05-27 13:38                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-27 13:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing,
	Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds,
	LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum,
	Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko,
	Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai,
	David Rientjes

On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 07:17:52AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>   1. Do nothing.  Userspace would essentially be required to mmap() the
>      enclave after EINIT, which is ugly but not breaking since userspace
>      could mmap() the enclave with a placeholder VMA prior to building
>      the enclave, and then a series of mmap() to establish its "real"
>      mapping.

What it'd break to return error if mmap() is done before EINIT?

>   2. Propagate the permissions from EADD to the VMAs of the current mm
>      if the entire EADD range is mapped and the mapping is PROT_NONE.

Right now you can do multiple mmap's. If the mmap's must be done after
EINIT, the driver could check that permissions match the permissions in
that range.

This leaves open how to deal with mprotect() but if the process does not
have FILE__WRITE I guess you cannot do much.

>   3. Propagate the permissions from EADD to the VMAs of all mm structs
>      that have mapped some piece of the enclave, following the matching
>      rules from #2.

For me it looks that allowing mmap's only after EINIT would result the
least confusing implemntation.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-27 13:34                                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-05-27 13:38                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-27 13:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Xing,
	Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds,
	LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum,
	Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko,
	Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai,
	David Rientjes

On Mon, May 27, 2019 at 04:34:31PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 07:17:52AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> >   1. Do nothing.  Userspace would essentially be required to mmap() the
> >      enclave after EINIT, which is ugly but not breaking since userspace
> >      could mmap() the enclave with a placeholder VMA prior to building
> >      the enclave, and then a series of mmap() to establish its "real"
> >      mapping.
> 
> What it'd break to return error if mmap() is done before EINIT?
> 
> >   2. Propagate the permissions from EADD to the VMAs of the current mm
> >      if the entire EADD range is mapped and the mapping is PROT_NONE.
> 
> Right now you can do multiple mmap's. If the mmap's must be done after
> EINIT, the driver could check that permissions match the permissions in
> that range.
> 
> This leaves open how to deal with mprotect() but if the process does not
> have FILE__WRITE I guess you cannot do much.
> 
> >   3. Propagate the permissions from EADD to the VMAs of all mm structs
> >      that have mapped some piece of the enclave, following the matching
> >      rules from #2.
> 
> For me it looks that allowing mmap's only after EINIT would result the
> least confusing implemntation.

Obvious problem is of course the requirement of fixed mapping, which is
of course nasty.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-23 15:38                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-23 23:40                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-24 14:44                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-27 13:48                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-05-27 13:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Sean Christopherson, Stephen Smalley, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Xing, Cedric, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner,
	Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton,
	nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang,
	Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov,
	Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 08:38:17AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 7:17 AM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Thu, May 23, 2019 at 01:26:28PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> > > On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 07:35:17PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > > But actually, there's no need to disallow mmap() after ECREATE since the
> > > > LSM checks also apply to mmap(), e.g. FILE__EXECUTE would be needed to
> > > > mmap() any enclave pages PROT_EXEC.  I guess my past self thought mmap()
> > > > bypassed LSM checks?  The real problem is that mmap()'ng an existing
> > > > enclave would require FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE, which puts us back
> > > > at square one.
> > >
> > > I'm lost with the constraints we want to set.
> >
> > As is today, SELinux policies would require enclave loaders to have
> > FILE__WRITE and FILE__EXECUTE permissions on /dev/sgx/enclave.  Presumably
> > other LSMs have similar requirements.  Requiring all processes to have
> > FILE__{WRITE,EXECUTE} permissions means the permissions don't add much
> > value, e.g. they can't be used to distinguish between an enclave that is
> > being loaded from an unmodified file and an enclave that is being
> > generated on the fly, e.g. Graphene.
> >
> > Looking back at Andy's mail, he was talking about requiring FILE__EXECUTE
> > to run an enclave, so perhaps it's only FILE__WRITE that we're trying to
> > special case.
> >
> 
> I thought about this some more, and I have a new proposal that helps
> address the ELRANGE alignment issue and the permission issue at the
> cost of some extra verbosity.  Maybe you all can poke holes in it :)
> The basic idea is to make everything more explicit from a user's
> perspective.  Here's how it works:
> 
> Opening /dev/sgx/enclave gives an enclave_fd that, by design, doesn't
> give EXECUTE or WRITE.  mmap() on the enclave_fd only works if you
> pass PROT_NONE and gives the correct alignment.  The resulting VMA
> cannot be mprotected or mremapped.  It can't be mmapped at all until
> after ECREATE because the alignment isn't known before that.

How to deny mprotect()? struct file_operations does not have callback
for that (AFAIK).

> Associated with the enclave are a bunch (up to 7) "enclave segment
> inodes".  These are anon_inodes that are created automagically.  An
> enclave segment is a group of pages, not necessary contiguous, with an
> upper bound on the memory permissions.  Each enclave page belongs to a
> segment.  When you do EADD, you tell the driver what segment you're
> adding to. [0]  This means that EADD gets an extra argument that is a
> permission mask for the page -- in addition to the initial SECINFO,
> you also pass to EADD something to the effect of "I promise never to
> map this with permissions greater than RX".
> 
> Then we just need some way to mmap a region from an enclave segment.
> This could be done by having a way to get an fd for an enclave segment
> or it could be done by having a new ioctl SGX_IOC_MAP_SEGMENT.  User
> code would use this operation to replace, MAP_FIXED-style, ranges from
> the big PROT_NONE mapping with the relevant pages from the enclave
> segment.  The resulting vma would only have VM_MAYWRITE if the segment
> is W, only have VM_MAYEXEC if the segment is X, and only have
> VM_MAYREAD if the segment is R.  Depending on implementation details,
> the VMAs might need to restrict mremap() to avoid mapping pages that
> aren't part of the segment in question.
> 
> It's plausible that this whole thing works without the magic segment
> inodes under the hood, but figuring that out would need a careful look
> at how all the core mm bits and LSM bits work together.
> 
> To get all the LSM stuff to work, SELinux will need some way to
> automatically assign an appropriate label to the segment inodes.  I
> assume that such a mechanism already exists and gets used for things
> like sockets, but I haven't actually confirmed this.
> 
> [0] There needs to be some vaguely intelligent semantics if you EADD
> the *same* address more than once.  A simple solution would be to
> disallow it if the segments don't match.

What if instead simply:

- Require to do PROT_NONE mmap() for the ELRANGE before ECREATE.
- Disallow mprotect() up until EINIT.
- Given that we have a callback for mprotect() check that permissions
  match EADD'd permissions.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-26  6:09                                                                               ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-28 20:24                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-28 20:48                                                                                   ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-29 14:08                                                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-28 20:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 11:09:38PM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> > From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> > Sent: Saturday, May 25, 2019 5:58 PM
> > 
> > On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 3:40 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > If we think of EADD as a way of mmap()'ing an enclave file into memory,
> > > would this
> > security_enclave_load() be the same as
> > security_mmap_file(source_vma->vm_file, maxperm, MAP_PRIVATE), except that
> > the target is now EPC instead of regular pages?
> > 
> > Hmm, that's clever.  Although it seems plausible that an LSM would want to
> > allow RX or RWX of a given file page but only in the context of an approved
> > enclave, so I think it should still be its own hook.
> 
> What do you mean by "in the context of an approved enclave"? EPC pages are
> *inaccessible* to any software until after EINIT. So it would never be a
> security concern to EADD a page with wrong permissions as long as the enclave
> would be denied eventually by LSM at EINIT.
> 
> But I acknowledge the difference between loading a page into regular memory
> vs. into EPC. So it's beneficial to have a separate hook, which if not
> hooked, would pass through to security_mmap_file() by default? 

Mapping the enclave will still go through security_mmap_file(), the extra
security_enclave_load() hook allows the mmap() to use PROT_NONE.

> > If it's going to be in an arbitrary file, then I think the signature needs to be more like:
> > 
> > int security_enclave_init(struct vm_area_struct *sigstruct_vma, loff_t sigstruct_offset,
> > const sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
> > 
> > So that the LSM still has the opportunity to base its decision on the contents of the
> > SIGSTRUCT.  Actually, we need that change regardless.
> 
> Wouldn't the pair of { sigstruct_vma, sigstruct_offset } be the same as just
> a pointer, because the VMA could be looked up using the pointer and the
> offset would then be (pointer - vma->vm_start)?

VMA has vm_file, e.g. the .sigstruct file labeled by LSMs.  That being
said, why does the LSM need the VMA?  E.g. why not this?

  int security_enclave_init(struct file *file, struct sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);

> > > Loosely speaking, an enclave (including initial contents of all of its pages and their
> > permissions) and its MRENCLAVE are a 1-to-1 correspondence (given the collision resistant
> > property of SHA-2). So only one is needed for a decision, and either one would lead to the
> > same decision. So I don't see anything making any sense here.
> > >
> > > Theoretically speaking, if LSM can make a decision at EINIT by means of
> > security_enclave_load(), then security_enclave_load() is never needed.
> > >
> > > In practice, I support keeping both because security_enclave_load() can only approve an
> > enumerable set while security_enclave_load() can approve a non-enumerable set of enclaves.
> > Moreover, in order to determine the validity of a MRENCLAVE (as in development of a policy
> > or in creation of a white/black list), system admins will need the audit log produced by
> > security_enclave_load().
> > 
> > I'm confused.  Things like MRSIGNER aren't known until the SIGSTRUCT shows
> > up.  Also, security_enclave_load() provides no protection against loading a
> > mishmash of two different enclave files.  I see security_enclave_init() as
> > "verify this SIGSTRUCT against your policy on who may sign enclaves and/or
> > grant EXECMOD depending on SIGSTRUCT" and security_enclave_load() as
> > "implement your EXECMOD / EXECUTE / WRITE / whatever policy and possibly
> > check enclave files for some label."
> 
> Sorry for the confusion. I was saying the same thing except that the decision
> of security_enclave_load() doesn't have to depend on SIGSTRUCT. Given your
> prototype of security_enclave_load(), I think we are on the same page. I made
> the above comment to object to the idea of "require that the sigstruct be
> supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can depend
> on the sigstruct".

Except that having the sigstruct allows using the sigstruct as the proxy
for the enclave.  I think the last big disconnect is that Andy and I want
to tie everything to an enclave-specific file, i.e. sigstruct, while you
are proposing labeling /dev/sgx/enclave.  If someone wants to cram several
sigstructs into a single file, so be it, but using /dev/sgx/enclave means
users can't do per-enclave permissions, period.

What is your objection to working on the sigstruct?  

> > > > > Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as
> > > > > Cedric wanted (without having to play games and pass
> > > > > /dev/sgx/enclave to security_enclave_load()), but I don't think
> > > > > there's anything fundamentally broken with using .sigstruct for
> > > > > EXECMOD.  It requires more verbose labeling, but that's not a bad thing.
> > > >
> > > > The benefit of putting it on .sigstruct is that it can be per-enclave.
> > > >
> > > > As I understand it from Fedora packaging, the way this works on
> > > > distros is generally that a package will include some files and
> > > > their associated labels, and, if the package needs EXECMOD, then the
> > > > files are labeled with EXECMOD and the author of the relevant code might get a dirty
> > look.
> > > >
> > > > This could translate to the author of an exclave that needs RWX
> > > > regions getting a dirty look without leaking this permission into other enclaves.
> > > >
> > > > (In my opinion, the dirty looks are actually the best security
> > > > benefit of the entire concept of LSMs making RWX difficult.  A
> > > > sufficiently creative attacker can almost always bypass W^X
> > > > restrictions once they’ve pwned you, but W^X makes it harder to pwn
> > > > you in the first place, and SELinux makes it really obvious when
> > > > packaging a program that doesn’t respect W^X.  The upshot is that a
> > > > lot of programs got fixed.)
> > >
> > > I'm lost here. Dynamically linked enclaves, if running on SGX2, would need RW->RX, i.e.
> > FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave. But they never need RWX, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM.
> > 
> > Hmm.  If we want to make this distinction, we need something a big richer
> > than my proposed callbacks.  A check of the actual mprotect() / mmap()
> > permissions would also be needed.  Specifically, allowing MAXPERM=RWX
> > wouldn't imply that PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC is allowed.

Actually, I think we do have everything we need from an LSM perspective.
LSMs just need to understand that sgx_enclave_load() with a NULL vma
implies a transition from RW.  For example, SELinux would interpret
sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) as requiring FILE__EXECMOD.

As Cedric mentioned earlier, the host process doesn't necessarily know
which pages will end up RW vs RX, i.e. sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX)
already has to be invoked at runtime, and when that happens, the kernel
can take the opportunity to change the VMAs from MAY_RW to MAY_RX.

For simplicity in the kernel and clarity in userspace, it makes sense to
require an explicit ioctl() to add the to-be-EAUG'd range.  That just
leaves us wanting an ioctl() to set the post-EACCEPT{COPY} permissions.

E.g.:

    ioctl(<prefix>_ADD_REGION, { NULL }) /* NULL == EAUG, MAY_RW */

    mprotect(addr, size, RW);
    ...

    EACCEPTCOPY -> EAUG /* page fault handler */

    ioctl(<prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION, { addr, size, RX}) /* MAY_RX */

    mprotect(addr, size, RX);

    ... 

And making ACTIVATE_REGION a single-shot per page eliminates the need for
the MAXPERMS concept (see below).

> If we keep only one MAXPERM, wouldn't this be the current behavior of
> mmap()/mprotect()?
>
> To be a bit more clear, system admin sets MAXPERM upper bound in the form of
> FILE__{READ|WRITE|EXECUTE|EXECMOD} of /dev/sgx/enclave. Then for a
> process/enclave, if what it requires falls below what's allowed on
> /dev/sgx/enclave, then everything will just work. Otherwise, it fails in the
> form of -EPERM returned from mmap()/mprotect(). Please note that MAXPERM here
> applies to "runtime" permissions, while "initial" permissions are taken care
> of by security_enclave_{load|init}. "initial" permissions could be more
> permissive than "runtime" permissions, e.g., RX is still required for initial
> code pages even though system admins could disable dynamically loaded code
> pages by *not* giving FILE__{EXECUTE|EXECMOD}. Therefore, the "initial"
> mapping would still have to be done by the driver (to bypass LSM), either via
> a new ioctl or as part of IOC_EINIT.

Aha!

Starting with Cedric's assertion that initial permissions can be taken
directly from SECINFO:

  - Initial permissions for *EADD* pages are explicitly handled via
    sgx_enclave_load() with the exact SECINFO permissions.

  - Initial permissions for *EAUG* are unconditionally RW.  EACCEPTCOPY
    requires the target EPC page to be RW, and EACCEPT with RO is useless.

  - Runtime permissions break down as follows:
      R   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG)
      W   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG) and x86 paging can't do W
      X   - N/A, subset of RX (x86 paging can't do XO)
      RW  - Handled by EAUG LSM hook (uses RW unconditionally)
      WX  - N/A, subset of RWX (x86 paging can't do WX)
      RX  - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
      RWX - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION

In other words, if we define the SGX -> LSM calls as follows (minus the
file pointer and other params for brevity):

  - <prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, perms) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, perms)

  - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(vma) -> sgx_enclave_load(vma, SECINFO.perms)

  - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(NULL) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RW)

then SGX and LSMs have all the information and hooks needed.  The catch
is that the LSM semantics of sgx_enclave_load(..., RW) would need to be
different than normal shared memory, e.g. FILE__WRITE should *not* be
required, but that's ok since it's an SGX specific hook.  And if for some
reason an LSM wanted to gate access to EAUG *without* FILE__EXECMOD, it'd
have the necessary information to do so.

The userspace changes are fairly minimal:

  - For SGX1, use PROT_NONE for the initial mmap() and refactor ADD_PAGE
    to ADD_REGION.

  - For SGX2, do an explicit ADD_REGION on the ranges to be EAUG'd, and an
    ACTIVATE_REGION to make a region RX or R (no extra ioctl() required to
    keep RW permissions).

Because ACTIVATE_REGION can only be done once per page, to do *abitrary*
mprotect() transitions, userspace would need to set the added/activated
permissions to be a superset of the transitions, e.g. RW -> RX would
require RWX, but that's a non-issue.

  - For SGX1 it's a nop since it's impossible to change the EPCM
    permissions, i.e. the page would need to be RWX regardless.

  - For SGX2, userspace can suck it up and request RWX to do completely
    arbitrary transitions (working as intended), or the kernel can support
    trimming (removing) pages from an enclave, which would allow userspace
    to do "arbitrary" transitions by first removing the page.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-28 20:24                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-28 20:48                                                                                   ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-28 21:41                                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-29 14:08                                                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-28 20:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Tue, May 28, 2019 at 1:24 PM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 11:09:38PM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> > > From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> > > Sent: Saturday, May 25, 2019 5:58 PM
> > >
> > > On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 3:40 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > If we think of EADD as a way of mmap()'ing an enclave file into memory,
> > > > would this
> > > security_enclave_load() be the same as
> > > security_mmap_file(source_vma->vm_file, maxperm, MAP_PRIVATE), except that
> > > the target is now EPC instead of regular pages?
> > >
> > > Hmm, that's clever.  Although it seems plausible that an LSM would want to
> > > allow RX or RWX of a given file page but only in the context of an approved
> > > enclave, so I think it should still be its own hook.
> >
> > What do you mean by "in the context of an approved enclave"? EPC pages are
> > *inaccessible* to any software until after EINIT. So it would never be a
> > security concern to EADD a page with wrong permissions as long as the enclave
> > would be denied eventually by LSM at EINIT.
> >
> > But I acknowledge the difference between loading a page into regular memory
> > vs. into EPC. So it's beneficial to have a separate hook, which if not
> > hooked, would pass through to security_mmap_file() by default?
>
> Mapping the enclave will still go through security_mmap_file(), the extra
> security_enclave_load() hook allows the mmap() to use PROT_NONE.
>
> > > If it's going to be in an arbitrary file, then I think the signature needs to be more like:
> > >
> > > int security_enclave_init(struct vm_area_struct *sigstruct_vma, loff_t sigstruct_offset,
> > > const sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
> > >
> > > So that the LSM still has the opportunity to base its decision on the contents of the
> > > SIGSTRUCT.  Actually, we need that change regardless.
> >
> > Wouldn't the pair of { sigstruct_vma, sigstruct_offset } be the same as just
> > a pointer, because the VMA could be looked up using the pointer and the
> > offset would then be (pointer - vma->vm_start)?
>
> VMA has vm_file, e.g. the .sigstruct file labeled by LSMs.  That being
> said, why does the LSM need the VMA?  E.g. why not this?
>
>   int security_enclave_init(struct file *file, struct sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
>
> > > > Loosely speaking, an enclave (including initial contents of all of its pages and their
> > > permissions) and its MRENCLAVE are a 1-to-1 correspondence (given the collision resistant
> > > property of SHA-2). So only one is needed for a decision, and either one would lead to the
> > > same decision. So I don't see anything making any sense here.
> > > >
> > > > Theoretically speaking, if LSM can make a decision at EINIT by means of
> > > security_enclave_load(), then security_enclave_load() is never needed.
> > > >
> > > > In practice, I support keeping both because security_enclave_load() can only approve an
> > > enumerable set while security_enclave_load() can approve a non-enumerable set of enclaves.
> > > Moreover, in order to determine the validity of a MRENCLAVE (as in development of a policy
> > > or in creation of a white/black list), system admins will need the audit log produced by
> > > security_enclave_load().
> > >
> > > I'm confused.  Things like MRSIGNER aren't known until the SIGSTRUCT shows
> > > up.  Also, security_enclave_load() provides no protection against loading a
> > > mishmash of two different enclave files.  I see security_enclave_init() as
> > > "verify this SIGSTRUCT against your policy on who may sign enclaves and/or
> > > grant EXECMOD depending on SIGSTRUCT" and security_enclave_load() as
> > > "implement your EXECMOD / EXECUTE / WRITE / whatever policy and possibly
> > > check enclave files for some label."
> >
> > Sorry for the confusion. I was saying the same thing except that the decision
> > of security_enclave_load() doesn't have to depend on SIGSTRUCT. Given your
> > prototype of security_enclave_load(), I think we are on the same page. I made
> > the above comment to object to the idea of "require that the sigstruct be
> > supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can depend
> > on the sigstruct".
>
> Except that having the sigstruct allows using the sigstruct as the proxy
> for the enclave.  I think the last big disconnect is that Andy and I want
> to tie everything to an enclave-specific file, i.e. sigstruct, while you
> are proposing labeling /dev/sgx/enclave.  If someone wants to cram several
> sigstructs into a single file, so be it, but using /dev/sgx/enclave means
> users can't do per-enclave permissions, period.
>
> What is your objection to working on the sigstruct?
>
> > > > > > Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as
> > > > > > Cedric wanted (without having to play games and pass
> > > > > > /dev/sgx/enclave to security_enclave_load()), but I don't think
> > > > > > there's anything fundamentally broken with using .sigstruct for
> > > > > > EXECMOD.  It requires more verbose labeling, but that's not a bad thing.
> > > > >
> > > > > The benefit of putting it on .sigstruct is that it can be per-enclave.
> > > > >
> > > > > As I understand it from Fedora packaging, the way this works on
> > > > > distros is generally that a package will include some files and
> > > > > their associated labels, and, if the package needs EXECMOD, then the
> > > > > files are labeled with EXECMOD and the author of the relevant code might get a dirty
> > > look.
> > > > >
> > > > > This could translate to the author of an exclave that needs RWX
> > > > > regions getting a dirty look without leaking this permission into other enclaves.
> > > > >
> > > > > (In my opinion, the dirty looks are actually the best security
> > > > > benefit of the entire concept of LSMs making RWX difficult.  A
> > > > > sufficiently creative attacker can almost always bypass W^X
> > > > > restrictions once they’ve pwned you, but W^X makes it harder to pwn
> > > > > you in the first place, and SELinux makes it really obvious when
> > > > > packaging a program that doesn’t respect W^X.  The upshot is that a
> > > > > lot of programs got fixed.)
> > > >
> > > > I'm lost here. Dynamically linked enclaves, if running on SGX2, would need RW->RX, i.e.
> > > FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave. But they never need RWX, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM.
> > >
> > > Hmm.  If we want to make this distinction, we need something a big richer
> > > than my proposed callbacks.  A check of the actual mprotect() / mmap()
> > > permissions would also be needed.  Specifically, allowing MAXPERM=RWX
> > > wouldn't imply that PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC is allowed.
>
> Actually, I think we do have everything we need from an LSM perspective.
> LSMs just need to understand that sgx_enclave_load() with a NULL vma
> implies a transition from RW.  For example, SELinux would interpret
> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) as requiring FILE__EXECMOD.

You lost me here.  What operation triggers this callback?  And
wouldn't sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) sometimes be a transition from RO
or just some fresh executable zero bytes?

>
> As Cedric mentioned earlier, the host process doesn't necessarily know
> which pages will end up RW vs RX, i.e. sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX)
> already has to be invoked at runtime, and when that happens, the kernel
> can take the opportunity to change the VMAs from MAY_RW to MAY_RX.
>
> For simplicity in the kernel and clarity in userspace, it makes sense to
> require an explicit ioctl() to add the to-be-EAUG'd range.  That just
> leaves us wanting an ioctl() to set the post-EACCEPT{COPY} permissions.
>
> E.g.:
>
>     ioctl(<prefix>_ADD_REGION, { NULL }) /* NULL == EAUG, MAY_RW */
>
>     mprotect(addr, size, RW);
>     ...
>
>     EACCEPTCOPY -> EAUG /* page fault handler */
>
>     ioctl(<prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION, { addr, size, RX}) /* MAY_RX */
>
>     mprotect(addr, size, RX);

In the maxperm model, this mprotect() will fail unless MAXPERM
contains RX, which could only happen if MAXPERM=RWX.  So, regardless
of how it's actually mapped to SELinux policy, MAXPERM=RWX is
functionally like EXECMOD and actual RWX PTEs are functionally like
EXECMEM.

>
>     ...
>
> And making ACTIVATE_REGION a single-shot per page eliminates the need for
> the MAXPERMS concept (see below).
>
> > If we keep only one MAXPERM, wouldn't this be the current behavior of
> > mmap()/mprotect()?
> >
> > To be a bit more clear, system admin sets MAXPERM upper bound in the form of
> > FILE__{READ|WRITE|EXECUTE|EXECMOD} of /dev/sgx/enclave. Then for a
> > process/enclave, if what it requires falls below what's allowed on
> > /dev/sgx/enclave, then everything will just work. Otherwise, it fails in the
> > form of -EPERM returned from mmap()/mprotect(). Please note that MAXPERM here
> > applies to "runtime" permissions, while "initial" permissions are taken care
> > of by security_enclave_{load|init}. "initial" permissions could be more
> > permissive than "runtime" permissions, e.g., RX is still required for initial
> > code pages even though system admins could disable dynamically loaded code
> > pages by *not* giving FILE__{EXECUTE|EXECMOD}. Therefore, the "initial"
> > mapping would still have to be done by the driver (to bypass LSM), either via
> > a new ioctl or as part of IOC_EINIT.
>
> Aha!
>
> Starting with Cedric's assertion that initial permissions can be taken
> directly from SECINFO:
>
>   - Initial permissions for *EADD* pages are explicitly handled via
>     sgx_enclave_load() with the exact SECINFO permissions.
>
>   - Initial permissions for *EAUG* are unconditionally RW.  EACCEPTCOPY
>     requires the target EPC page to be RW, and EACCEPT with RO is useless.
>
>   - Runtime permissions break down as follows:
>       R   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG)
>       W   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG) and x86 paging can't do W
>       X   - N/A, subset of RX (x86 paging can't do XO)

Sure it can!  You just have a hypervisor that maps a PA bit to EPT
no-read.  Then you can use that PA bit to suppress read.  Also, Linux
already abuses PKRU to simulate XO, although that won't work for
enclaves.

>       RW  - Handled by EAUG LSM hook (uses RW unconditionally)
>       WX  - N/A, subset of RWX (x86 paging can't do WX)
>       RX  - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
>       RWX - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
>
> In other words, if we define the SGX -> LSM calls as follows (minus the
> file pointer and other params for brevity):
>
>   - <prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, perms) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, perms)
>
>   - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(vma) -> sgx_enclave_load(vma, SECINFO.perms)
>
>   - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(NULL) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RW)
>
> then SGX and LSMs have all the information and hooks needed.  The catch
> is that the LSM semantics of sgx_enclave_load(..., RW) would need to be
> different than normal shared memory, e.g. FILE__WRITE should *not* be
> required, but that's ok since it's an SGX specific hook.  And if for some
> reason an LSM wanted to gate access to EAUG *without* FILE__EXECMOD, it'd
> have the necessary information to do so.
>
> The userspace changes are fairly minimal:
>
>   - For SGX1, use PROT_NONE for the initial mmap() and refactor ADD_PAGE
>     to ADD_REGION.
>
>   - For SGX2, do an explicit ADD_REGION on the ranges to be EAUG'd, and an
>     ACTIVATE_REGION to make a region RX or R (no extra ioctl() required to
>     keep RW permissions).
>
> Because ACTIVATE_REGION can only be done once per page, to do *abitrary*
> mprotect() transitions, userspace would need to set the added/activated
> permissions to be a superset of the transitions, e.g. RW -> RX would
> require RWX, but that's a non-issue.
>

I may be misunderstanding or just be biased to my own proposal, but
this seems potentially more complicated and less flexible than the
MAXPERM model.  One of the main things that made me come up with
MAXPERM is that I wanted to avoid any complicated PTE/VMA modification
or runtime changes.  So, with MAXPERM, we still need to track the
MAXPERM bits per page, but we don't ever need to *change* them or to
worry about what is or is not mapped anywhere at any given time.  With
ACTIVATE_REGION, don't we need to make sure that we don't have a
second VMA pointing at the same pages?  Or am I just confused?

>   - For SGX1 it's a nop since it's impossible to change the EPCM
>     permissions, i.e. the page would need to be RWX regardless.

I may still be missing something, but, for SGX1, it's possible at
least in principle for the enclave to request, via ocall or similar,
that the untrusted runtime do mprotect().  It's not even such a bad
idea.  Honestly, enclaves *shouldn't* have anything actually writable
and executable at once because the enclaves don't want to be easily
exploited.

>
>   - For SGX2, userspace can suck it up and request RWX to do completely
>     arbitrary transitions (working as intended), or the kernel can support
>     trimming (removing) pages from an enclave, which would allow userspace
>     to do "arbitrary" transitions by first removing the page.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-28 20:48                                                                                   ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-28 21:41                                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-30  5:38                                                                                       ` Xing, Cedric
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-28 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Tue, May 28, 2019 at 01:48:02PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Tue, May 28, 2019 at 1:24 PM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > Actually, I think we do have everything we need from an LSM perspective.
> > LSMs just need to understand that sgx_enclave_load() with a NULL vma
> > implies a transition from RW.  For example, SELinux would interpret
> > sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) as requiring FILE__EXECMOD.
> 
> You lost me here.  What operation triggers this callback?  And
> wouldn't sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) sometimes be a transition from RO
> or just some fresh executable zero bytes?

An explicit ioctl() after EACCEPTCOPY to update the allowed permissions.
For all intents and purposes, the EAUG'd page must start RW.  Maybe a
better way to phrase it is that at some point the page must be writable
to have any value whatsover.  EACCEPTCOPY explicitly requires the page to
be at least RW.  EACCEPT technically doesn't require RW, but a RO or RX
zero page is useless.  Userspace could still EACCEPT with RO or RX, but
SGX would assume a minimum of RW for the purposes of the LSM check.

> > As Cedric mentioned earlier, the host process doesn't necessarily know
> > which pages will end up RW vs RX, i.e. sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX)
> > already has to be invoked at runtime, and when that happens, the kernel
> > can take the opportunity to change the VMAs from MAY_RW to MAY_RX.
> >
> > For simplicity in the kernel and clarity in userspace, it makes sense to
> > require an explicit ioctl() to add the to-be-EAUG'd range.  That just
> > leaves us wanting an ioctl() to set the post-EACCEPT{COPY} permissions.
> >
> > E.g.:
> >
> >     ioctl(<prefix>_ADD_REGION, { NULL }) /* NULL == EAUG, MAY_RW */
> >
> >     mprotect(addr, size, RW);
> >     ...
> >
> >     EACCEPTCOPY -> EAUG /* page fault handler */
> >
> >     ioctl(<prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION, { addr, size, RX}) /* MAY_RX */
> >
> >     mprotect(addr, size, RX);
> 
> In the maxperm model, this mprotect() will fail unless MAXPERM
> contains RX, which could only happen if MAXPERM=RWX.  So, regardless
> of how it's actually mapped to SELinux policy, MAXPERM=RWX is
> functionally like EXECMOD and actual RWX PTEs are functionally like
> EXECMEM.

Yep, same idea, except in the proposed flow ACTIVATE_REGION.

> >     ...
> >
> > And making ACTIVATE_REGION a single-shot per page eliminates the need for
> > the MAXPERMS concept (see below).
> >
> > > If we keep only one MAXPERM, wouldn't this be the current behavior of
> > > mmap()/mprotect()?
> > >
> > > To be a bit more clear, system admin sets MAXPERM upper bound in the form of
> > > FILE__{READ|WRITE|EXECUTE|EXECMOD} of /dev/sgx/enclave. Then for a
> > > process/enclave, if what it requires falls below what's allowed on
> > > /dev/sgx/enclave, then everything will just work. Otherwise, it fails in the
> > > form of -EPERM returned from mmap()/mprotect(). Please note that MAXPERM here
> > > applies to "runtime" permissions, while "initial" permissions are taken care
> > > of by security_enclave_{load|init}. "initial" permissions could be more
> > > permissive than "runtime" permissions, e.g., RX is still required for initial
> > > code pages even though system admins could disable dynamically loaded code
> > > pages by *not* giving FILE__{EXECUTE|EXECMOD}. Therefore, the "initial"
> > > mapping would still have to be done by the driver (to bypass LSM), either via
> > > a new ioctl or as part of IOC_EINIT.
> >
> > Aha!
> >
> > Starting with Cedric's assertion that initial permissions can be taken
> > directly from SECINFO:
> >
> >   - Initial permissions for *EADD* pages are explicitly handled via
> >     sgx_enclave_load() with the exact SECINFO permissions.
> >
> >   - Initial permissions for *EAUG* are unconditionally RW.  EACCEPTCOPY
> >     requires the target EPC page to be RW, and EACCEPT with RO is useless.
> >
> >   - Runtime permissions break down as follows:
> >       R   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG)
> >       W   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG) and x86 paging can't do W
> >       X   - N/A, subset of RX (x86 paging can't do XO)
> 
> Sure it can!  You just have a hypervisor that maps a PA bit to EPT
> no-read.  Then you can use that PA bit to suppress read.  Also, Linux
> already abuses PKRU to simulate XO, although that won't work for
> enclaves.

Heh, I intentionally said "x86 paging" to rule out EPT :-)  I'm pretty
sure it's a moot point though, I have a hard time believing an LSM will
allow RW->X and not RW->RX.

> >       RW  - Handled by EAUG LSM hook (uses RW unconditionally)
> >       WX  - N/A, subset of RWX (x86 paging can't do WX)
> >       RX  - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
> >       RWX - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
> >
> > In other words, if we define the SGX -> LSM calls as follows (minus the
> > file pointer and other params for brevity):
> >
> >   - <prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, perms) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, perms)
> >
> >   - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(vma) -> sgx_enclave_load(vma, SECINFO.perms)
> >
> >   - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(NULL) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RW)
> >
> > then SGX and LSMs have all the information and hooks needed.  The catch
> > is that the LSM semantics of sgx_enclave_load(..., RW) would need to be
> > different than normal shared memory, e.g. FILE__WRITE should *not* be
> > required, but that's ok since it's an SGX specific hook.  And if for some
> > reason an LSM wanted to gate access to EAUG *without* FILE__EXECMOD, it'd
> > have the necessary information to do so.
> >
> > The userspace changes are fairly minimal:
> >
> >   - For SGX1, use PROT_NONE for the initial mmap() and refactor ADD_PAGE
> >     to ADD_REGION.
> >
> >   - For SGX2, do an explicit ADD_REGION on the ranges to be EAUG'd, and an
> >     ACTIVATE_REGION to make a region RX or R (no extra ioctl() required to
> >     keep RW permissions).
> >
> > Because ACTIVATE_REGION can only be done once per page, to do *abitrary*
> > mprotect() transitions, userspace would need to set the added/activated
> > permissions to be a superset of the transitions, e.g. RW -> RX would
> > require RWX, but that's a non-issue.
> >
> 
> I may be misunderstanding or just be biased to my own proposal, but
> this seems potentially more complicated and less flexible than the
> MAXPERM model.  One of the main things that made me come up with
> MAXPERM is that I wanted to avoid any complicated PTE/VMA modification
> or runtime changes.  So, with MAXPERM, we still need to track the
> MAXPERM bits per page, but we don't ever need to *change* them or to
> worry about what is or is not mapped anywhere at any given time.  With
> ACTIVATE_REGION, don't we need to make sure that we don't have a
> second VMA pointing at the same pages?  Or am I just confused?

In theory, it's still your MAXPERM model, but with the unnecessary states
removed and the others enforced/handled by the natural SGX transitions
instead of explictly in ioctls.  Underneath the hood the SGX driver would
still need to track the MAXPERM.

With SGX1, SECINFO == MAXPERM.  With SGX2, ACTIVATE_REGION == MAXPERM,
with the implication that the previous state is always RW.

> >   - For SGX1 it's a nop since it's impossible to change the EPCM
> >     permissions, i.e. the page would need to be RWX regardless.
> 
> I may still be missing something, but, for SGX1, it's possible at
> least in principle for the enclave to request, via ocall or similar,
> that the untrusted runtime do mprotect().  It's not even such a bad
> idea.  Honestly, enclaves *shouldn't* have anything actually writable
> and executable at once because the enclaves don't want to be easily
> exploited.

Yes, but the *EPCM* permissions are immutable.  So if an enclave wants
to do RW->RX it has to intialize its pages to RWX.  And because the
untrusted runtime is, ahem, untrusted, the enclave cannot rely on
userspace to never map its pages RWX.  In other words, from a enclave
security perspective, an SGX1 enclave+runtime that uses RW->RX is no
different than an enclave that uses RWX.  Using your earlier terminology,
an SGX1 enclave *should* get a dirty looks if maps a page RWX in the EPCM,
even if it only intends RW->RX behavior.

> >   - For SGX2, userspace can suck it up and request RWX to do completely
> >     arbitrary transitions (working as intended), or the kernel can support
> >     trimming (removing) pages from an enclave, which would allow userspace
> >     to do "arbitrary" transitions by first removing the page.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-28 20:24                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-28 20:48                                                                                   ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-29 14:08                                                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-30  6:12                                                                                     ` Xing, Cedric
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-29 14:08 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/28/19 4:24 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 11:09:38PM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>>> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
>>> Sent: Saturday, May 25, 2019 5:58 PM
>>>
>>> On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 3:40 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> If we think of EADD as a way of mmap()'ing an enclave file into memory,
>>>> would this
>>> security_enclave_load() be the same as
>>> security_mmap_file(source_vma->vm_file, maxperm, MAP_PRIVATE), except that
>>> the target is now EPC instead of regular pages?
>>>
>>> Hmm, that's clever.  Although it seems plausible that an LSM would want to
>>> allow RX or RWX of a given file page but only in the context of an approved
>>> enclave, so I think it should still be its own hook.
>>
>> What do you mean by "in the context of an approved enclave"? EPC pages are
>> *inaccessible* to any software until after EINIT. So it would never be a
>> security concern to EADD a page with wrong permissions as long as the enclave
>> would be denied eventually by LSM at EINIT.
>>
>> But I acknowledge the difference between loading a page into regular memory
>> vs. into EPC. So it's beneficial to have a separate hook, which if not
>> hooked, would pass through to security_mmap_file() by default?
> 
> Mapping the enclave will still go through security_mmap_file(), the extra
> security_enclave_load() hook allows the mmap() to use PROT_NONE.
> 
>>> If it's going to be in an arbitrary file, then I think the signature needs to be more like:
>>>
>>> int security_enclave_init(struct vm_area_struct *sigstruct_vma, loff_t sigstruct_offset,
>>> const sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
>>>
>>> So that the LSM still has the opportunity to base its decision on the contents of the
>>> SIGSTRUCT.  Actually, we need that change regardless.
>>
>> Wouldn't the pair of { sigstruct_vma, sigstruct_offset } be the same as just
>> a pointer, because the VMA could be looked up using the pointer and the
>> offset would then be (pointer - vma->vm_start)?
> 
> VMA has vm_file, e.g. the .sigstruct file labeled by LSMs.  That being
> said, why does the LSM need the VMA?  E.g. why not this?
> 
>    int security_enclave_init(struct file *file, struct sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
> 
>>>> Loosely speaking, an enclave (including initial contents of all of its pages and their
>>> permissions) and its MRENCLAVE are a 1-to-1 correspondence (given the collision resistant
>>> property of SHA-2). So only one is needed for a decision, and either one would lead to the
>>> same decision. So I don't see anything making any sense here.
>>>>
>>>> Theoretically speaking, if LSM can make a decision at EINIT by means of
>>> security_enclave_load(), then security_enclave_load() is never needed.
>>>>
>>>> In practice, I support keeping both because security_enclave_load() can only approve an
>>> enumerable set while security_enclave_load() can approve a non-enumerable set of enclaves.
>>> Moreover, in order to determine the validity of a MRENCLAVE (as in development of a policy
>>> or in creation of a white/black list), system admins will need the audit log produced by
>>> security_enclave_load().
>>>
>>> I'm confused.  Things like MRSIGNER aren't known until the SIGSTRUCT shows
>>> up.  Also, security_enclave_load() provides no protection against loading a
>>> mishmash of two different enclave files.  I see security_enclave_init() as
>>> "verify this SIGSTRUCT against your policy on who may sign enclaves and/or
>>> grant EXECMOD depending on SIGSTRUCT" and security_enclave_load() as
>>> "implement your EXECMOD / EXECUTE / WRITE / whatever policy and possibly
>>> check enclave files for some label."
>>
>> Sorry for the confusion. I was saying the same thing except that the decision
>> of security_enclave_load() doesn't have to depend on SIGSTRUCT. Given your
>> prototype of security_enclave_load(), I think we are on the same page. I made
>> the above comment to object to the idea of "require that the sigstruct be
>> supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can depend
>> on the sigstruct".
> 
> Except that having the sigstruct allows using the sigstruct as the proxy
> for the enclave.  I think the last big disconnect is that Andy and I want
> to tie everything to an enclave-specific file, i.e. sigstruct, while you
> are proposing labeling /dev/sgx/enclave.  If someone wants to cram several
> sigstructs into a single file, so be it, but using /dev/sgx/enclave means
> users can't do per-enclave permissions, period.
> 
> What is your objection to working on the sigstruct?
> 
>>>>>> Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as
>>>>>> Cedric wanted (without having to play games and pass
>>>>>> /dev/sgx/enclave to security_enclave_load()), but I don't think
>>>>>> there's anything fundamentally broken with using .sigstruct for
>>>>>> EXECMOD.  It requires more verbose labeling, but that's not a bad thing.
>>>>>
>>>>> The benefit of putting it on .sigstruct is that it can be per-enclave.
>>>>>
>>>>> As I understand it from Fedora packaging, the way this works on
>>>>> distros is generally that a package will include some files and
>>>>> their associated labels, and, if the package needs EXECMOD, then the
>>>>> files are labeled with EXECMOD and the author of the relevant code might get a dirty
>>> look.
>>>>>
>>>>> This could translate to the author of an exclave that needs RWX
>>>>> regions getting a dirty look without leaking this permission into other enclaves.
>>>>>
>>>>> (In my opinion, the dirty looks are actually the best security
>>>>> benefit of the entire concept of LSMs making RWX difficult.  A
>>>>> sufficiently creative attacker can almost always bypass W^X
>>>>> restrictions once they’ve pwned you, but W^X makes it harder to pwn
>>>>> you in the first place, and SELinux makes it really obvious when
>>>>> packaging a program that doesn’t respect W^X.  The upshot is that a
>>>>> lot of programs got fixed.)
>>>>
>>>> I'm lost here. Dynamically linked enclaves, if running on SGX2, would need RW->RX, i.e.
>>> FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave. But they never need RWX, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM.
>>>
>>> Hmm.  If we want to make this distinction, we need something a big richer
>>> than my proposed callbacks.  A check of the actual mprotect() / mmap()
>>> permissions would also be needed.  Specifically, allowing MAXPERM=RWX
>>> wouldn't imply that PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC is allowed.
> 
> Actually, I think we do have everything we need from an LSM perspective.
> LSMs just need to understand that sgx_enclave_load() with a NULL vma
> implies a transition from RW.  For example, SELinux would interpret
> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) as requiring FILE__EXECMOD.
> 
> As Cedric mentioned earlier, the host process doesn't necessarily know
> which pages will end up RW vs RX, i.e. sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX)
> already has to be invoked at runtime, and when that happens, the kernel
> can take the opportunity to change the VMAs from MAY_RW to MAY_RX.
> 
> For simplicity in the kernel and clarity in userspace, it makes sense to
> require an explicit ioctl() to add the to-be-EAUG'd range.  That just
> leaves us wanting an ioctl() to set the post-EACCEPT{COPY} permissions.
> 
> E.g.:
> 
>      ioctl(<prefix>_ADD_REGION, { NULL }) /* NULL == EAUG, MAY_RW */
> 
>      mprotect(addr, size, RW);
>      ...
> 
>      EACCEPTCOPY -> EAUG /* page fault handler */
> 
>      ioctl(<prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION, { addr, size, RX}) /* MAY_RX */
> 
>      mprotect(addr, size, RX);
> 
>      ...
> 
> And making ACTIVATE_REGION a single-shot per page eliminates the need for
> the MAXPERMS concept (see below).
> 
>> If we keep only one MAXPERM, wouldn't this be the current behavior of
>> mmap()/mprotect()?
>>
>> To be a bit more clear, system admin sets MAXPERM upper bound in the form of
>> FILE__{READ|WRITE|EXECUTE|EXECMOD} of /dev/sgx/enclave. Then for a
>> process/enclave, if what it requires falls below what's allowed on
>> /dev/sgx/enclave, then everything will just work. Otherwise, it fails in the
>> form of -EPERM returned from mmap()/mprotect(). Please note that MAXPERM here
>> applies to "runtime" permissions, while "initial" permissions are taken care
>> of by security_enclave_{load|init}. "initial" permissions could be more
>> permissive than "runtime" permissions, e.g., RX is still required for initial
>> code pages even though system admins could disable dynamically loaded code
>> pages by *not* giving FILE__{EXECUTE|EXECMOD}. Therefore, the "initial"
>> mapping would still have to be done by the driver (to bypass LSM), either via
>> a new ioctl or as part of IOC_EINIT.
> 
> Aha!
> 
> Starting with Cedric's assertion that initial permissions can be taken
> directly from SECINFO:
> 
>    - Initial permissions for *EADD* pages are explicitly handled via
>      sgx_enclave_load() with the exact SECINFO permissions.
> 
>    - Initial permissions for *EAUG* are unconditionally RW.  EACCEPTCOPY
>      requires the target EPC page to be RW, and EACCEPT with RO is useless.
> 
>    - Runtime permissions break down as follows:
>        R   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG)
>        W   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG) and x86 paging can't do W
>        X   - N/A, subset of RX (x86 paging can't do XO)
>        RW  - Handled by EAUG LSM hook (uses RW unconditionally)
>        WX  - N/A, subset of RWX (x86 paging can't do WX)
>        RX  - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
>        RWX - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
> 
> In other words, if we define the SGX -> LSM calls as follows (minus the
> file pointer and other params for brevity):
> 
>    - <prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, perms) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, perms)
> 
>    - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(vma) -> sgx_enclave_load(vma, SECINFO.perms)
> 
>    - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(NULL) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RW)
> 
> then SGX and LSMs have all the information and hooks needed.  The catch
> is that the LSM semantics of sgx_enclave_load(..., RW) would need to be
> different than normal shared memory, e.g. FILE__WRITE should *not* be
> required, but that's ok since it's an SGX specific hook.  And if for some
> reason an LSM wanted to gate access to EAUG *without* FILE__EXECMOD, it'd
> have the necessary information to do so.

Assuming that sgx_enclave_load() is a LSM hook (probably named 
security_enclave_load() instead), then:

a) Does the sigstruct file get passed to this hook in every case, even 
when vma is NULL?  I think the answer is yes, just want to confirm.

b) Should we use a different hook for ACTIVATE_REGION than for 
ADD_REGION or is the distinction between them irrelevant/unnecessary 
from an access control point of view? At present LSM/SELinux won't be 
able to distinguish ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, RW) from ADD_REGION(NULL) above 
since they will both invoke the same hook with the same arguments IIUC. 
Does it matter?  It's ok if the answer is no, just want to confirm.

c) Is there still also a separate security_enclave_init() hook that will 
be called, and if so, how does it differ and when is it called relative 
to security_enclave_load()?

d) What checks were you envisioning each of these calls making?

With the separate security_enclave_*() hooks, we could define and use 
new ENCLAVE__* permissions, e.g. ENCLAVE__LOAD, ENCLAVE__INIT, 
ENCLAVE__EXECUTE, ENCLAVE__EXECMEM, ENCLAVE__EXECMOD, if we want to 
distinguish these operations from regular file mmap/mprotect operations.

> 
> The userspace changes are fairly minimal:
> 
>    - For SGX1, use PROT_NONE for the initial mmap() and refactor ADD_PAGE
>      to ADD_REGION.
> 
>    - For SGX2, do an explicit ADD_REGION on the ranges to be EAUG'd, and an
>      ACTIVATE_REGION to make a region RX or R (no extra ioctl() required to
>      keep RW permissions).
> 
> Because ACTIVATE_REGION can only be done once per page, to do *abitrary*
> mprotect() transitions, userspace would need to set the added/activated
> permissions to be a superset of the transitions, e.g. RW -> RX would
> require RWX, but that's a non-issue.
> 
>    - For SGX1 it's a nop since it's impossible to change the EPCM
>      permissions, i.e. the page would need to be RWX regardless.
> 
>    - For SGX2, userspace can suck it up and request RWX to do completely
>      arbitrary transitions (working as intended), or the kernel can support
>      trimming (removing) pages from an enclave, which would allow userspace
>      to do "arbitrary" transitions by first removing the page.
> 


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-28 21:41                                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-30  5:38                                                                                       ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-30 17:21                                                                                         ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-30  5:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Christopherson, Sean J, Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> From: Christopherson, Sean J
> Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2019 2:41 PM
> 
> On Tue, May 28, 2019 at 01:48:02PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > On Tue, May 28, 2019 at 1:24 PM Sean Christopherson
> > <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > Actually, I think we do have everything we need from an LSM perspective.
> > > LSMs just need to understand that sgx_enclave_load() with a NULL vma
> > > implies a transition from RW.  For example, SELinux would interpret
> > > sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) as requiring FILE__EXECMOD.
> >
> > You lost me here.  What operation triggers this callback?  And
> > wouldn't sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) sometimes be a transition from RO
> > or just some fresh executable zero bytes?
> 
> An explicit ioctl() after EACCEPTCOPY to update the allowed permissions.
> For all intents and purposes, the EAUG'd page must start RW.  Maybe a better way to phrase
> it is that at some point the page must be writable to have any value whatsover.
> EACCEPTCOPY explicitly requires the page to be at least RW.  EACCEPT technically doesn't
> require RW, but a RO or RX zero page is useless.  Userspace could still EACCEPT with RO or
> RX, but SGX would assume a minimum of RW for the purposes of the LSM check.

Why is an explicit ioctl() necessary after EACCEPTCOPY? Or why is mprotect() not sufficient?

I tend to agree on Andy's MAXPERM model where MAXPERM never changes once established.

> 
> > > As Cedric mentioned earlier, the host process doesn't necessarily
> > > know which pages will end up RW vs RX, i.e. sgx_enclave_load(NULL,
> > > RX) already has to be invoked at runtime, and when that happens, the
> > > kernel can take the opportunity to change the VMAs from MAY_RW to MAY_RX.
> > >
> > > For simplicity in the kernel and clarity in userspace, it makes
> > > sense to require an explicit ioctl() to add the to-be-EAUG'd range.
> > > That just leaves us wanting an ioctl() to set the post-EACCEPT{COPY} permissions.
> > >
> > > E.g.:
> > >
> > >     ioctl(<prefix>_ADD_REGION, { NULL }) /* NULL == EAUG, MAY_RW */
> > >
> > >     mprotect(addr, size, RW);
> > >     ...
> > >
> > >     EACCEPTCOPY -> EAUG /* page fault handler */
> > >
> > >     ioctl(<prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION, { addr, size, RX}) /* MAY_RX */
> > >
> > >     mprotect(addr, size, RX);
> >
> > In the maxperm model, this mprotect() will fail unless MAXPERM
> > contains RX, which could only happen if MAXPERM=RWX.  So, regardless
> > of how it's actually mapped to SELinux policy, MAXPERM=RWX is
> > functionally like EXECMOD and actual RWX PTEs are functionally like
> > EXECMEM.
> 
> Yep, same idea, except in the proposed flow ACTIVATE_REGION.


> 
> > >     ...
> > >
> > > And making ACTIVATE_REGION a single-shot per page eliminates the
> > > need for the MAXPERMS concept (see below).
> > >
> > > > If we keep only one MAXPERM, wouldn't this be the current behavior
> > > > of mmap()/mprotect()?
> > > >
> > > > To be a bit more clear, system admin sets MAXPERM upper bound in
> > > > the form of FILE__{READ|WRITE|EXECUTE|EXECMOD} of
> > > > /dev/sgx/enclave. Then for a process/enclave, if what it requires
> > > > falls below what's allowed on /dev/sgx/enclave, then everything
> > > > will just work. Otherwise, it fails in the form of -EPERM returned
> > > > from mmap()/mprotect(). Please note that MAXPERM here applies to
> > > > "runtime" permissions, while "initial" permissions are taken care
> > > > of by security_enclave_{load|init}. "initial" permissions could be
> > > > more permissive than "runtime" permissions, e.g., RX is still
> > > > required for initial code pages even though system admins could disable dynamically
> loaded code pages by *not* giving FILE__{EXECUTE|EXECMOD}. Therefore, the "initial"
> > > > mapping would still have to be done by the driver (to bypass LSM),
> > > > either via a new ioctl or as part of IOC_EINIT.
> > >
> > > Aha!
> > >
> > > Starting with Cedric's assertion that initial permissions can be
> > > taken directly from SECINFO:
> > >
> > >   - Initial permissions for *EADD* pages are explicitly handled via
> > >     sgx_enclave_load() with the exact SECINFO permissions.
> > >
> > >   - Initial permissions for *EAUG* are unconditionally RW.  EACCEPTCOPY
> > >     requires the target EPC page to be RW, and EACCEPT with RO is useless.
> > >
> > >   - Runtime permissions break down as follows:
> > >       R   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG)
> > >       W   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG) and x86 paging can't do W
> > >       X   - N/A, subset of RX (x86 paging can't do XO)
> >
> > Sure it can!  You just have a hypervisor that maps a PA bit to EPT
> > no-read.  Then you can use that PA bit to suppress read.  Also, Linux
> > already abuses PKRU to simulate XO, although that won't work for
> > enclaves.
> 
> Heh, I intentionally said "x86 paging" to rule out EPT :-)  I'm pretty sure it's a moot
> point though, I have a hard time believing an LSM will allow RW->X and not RW->RX.
> 
> > >       RW  - Handled by EAUG LSM hook (uses RW unconditionally)
> > >       WX  - N/A, subset of RWX (x86 paging can't do WX)
> > >       RX  - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
> > >       RWX - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
> > >
> > > In other words, if we define the SGX -> LSM calls as follows (minus
> > > the file pointer and other params for brevity):
> > >
> > >   - <prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, perms) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL,
> > > perms)

I'm not sure on what security_enclave_load()'s decision would be based.

> > >
> > >   - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(vma) -> sgx_enclave_load(vma, SECINFO.perms)
> > >
> > >   - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(NULL) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RW)
> > >
> > > then SGX and LSMs have all the information and hooks needed.  The
> > > catch is that the LSM semantics of sgx_enclave_load(..., RW) would
> > > need to be different than normal shared memory, e.g. FILE__WRITE
> > > should *not* be required, but that's ok since it's an SGX specific
> > > hook.  And if for some reason an LSM wanted to gate access to EAUG
> > > *without* FILE__EXECMOD, it'd have the necessary information to do so.
> > >
> > > The userspace changes are fairly minimal:
> > >
> > >   - For SGX1, use PROT_NONE for the initial mmap() and refactor ADD_PAGE
> > >     to ADD_REGION.
> > >
> > >   - For SGX2, do an explicit ADD_REGION on the ranges to be EAUG'd, and an
> > >     ACTIVATE_REGION to make a region RX or R (no extra ioctl() required to
> > >     keep RW permissions).
> > >
> > > Because ACTIVATE_REGION can only be done once per page, to do
> > > *abitrary*
> > > mprotect() transitions, userspace would need to set the
> > > added/activated permissions to be a superset of the transitions,
> > > e.g. RW -> RX would require RWX, but that's a non-issue.
> > >
> >
> > I may be misunderstanding or just be biased to my own proposal, but
> > this seems potentially more complicated and less flexible than the
> > MAXPERM model.  One of the main things that made me come up with
> > MAXPERM is that I wanted to avoid any complicated PTE/VMA modification
> > or runtime changes.  So, with MAXPERM, we still need to track the
> > MAXPERM bits per page, but we don't ever need to *change* them or to
> > worry about what is or is not mapped anywhere at any given time.  With
> > ACTIVATE_REGION, don't we need to make sure that we don't have a
> > second VMA pointing at the same pages?  Or am I just confused?
> 
> In theory, it's still your MAXPERM model, but with the unnecessary states removed and the
> others enforced/handled by the natural SGX transitions instead of explictly in ioctls.
> Underneath the hood the SGX driver would still need to track the MAXPERM.

What are the "unnecessary states" removed? 

I'm not sure understand the proposal fully. The whole thing looks to me like the driver is undertaking things that should/would otherwise be done by mmap()/mprotect() syscalls. It also imposes unnecessary restrictions on user mode code, such as mmap(PROT_NONE), ACTIVATE_REGION can be called only once, etc. What'd happen if ACTIVATE_REGION is called with a range spanning multiple/partial VMAs? What'd happen if an enclave was unmapped than mapped again? I'd say the proposal is unintuitive at least.

In theory, if the driver can keep track of MAXPERM for all pages within an enclave, then it could fail mmap() if the requested prot conflicts with any page's MAXPERM within that range. Otherwise, MAXPERM could be copied into VM_MAY* flags then mprotect() will just follow through. Wouldn't that be a much simpler and more intuitive approach?

> 
> With SGX1, SECINFO == MAXPERM.  With SGX2, ACTIVATE_REGION == MAXPERM, with the
> implication that the previous state is always RW.
> 
> > >   - For SGX1 it's a nop since it's impossible to change the EPCM
> > >     permissions, i.e. the page would need to be RWX regardless.
> >
> > I may still be missing something, but, for SGX1, it's possible at
> > least in principle for the enclave to request, via ocall or similar,
> > that the untrusted runtime do mprotect().  It's not even such a bad
> > idea.  Honestly, enclaves *shouldn't* have anything actually writable
> > and executable at once because the enclaves don't want to be easily
> > exploited.
> 
> Yes, but the *EPCM* permissions are immutable.  So if an enclave wants to do RW->RX it has
> to intialize its pages to RWX.  And because the untrusted runtime is, ahem, untrusted, the
> enclave cannot rely on userspace to never map its pages RWX.  In other words, from a
> enclave security perspective, an SGX1 enclave+runtime that uses RW->RX is no different
> than an enclave that uses RWX.  Using your earlier terminology, an SGX1 enclave *should*
> get a dirty looks if maps a page RWX in the EPCM, even if it only intends RW->RX behavior.
> 
> > >   - For SGX2, userspace can suck it up and request RWX to do completely
> > >     arbitrary transitions (working as intended), or the kernel can support
> > >     trimming (removing) pages from an enclave, which would allow userspace
> > >     to do "arbitrary" transitions by first removing the page.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-29 14:08                                                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-30  6:12                                                                                     ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-30 14:22                                                                                       ` Stephen Smalley
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-30  6:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley, Christopherson, Sean J, William Roberts
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

> From: linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf
> Of Stephen Smalley
> Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2019 7:08 AM
> 
> On 5/28/19 4:24 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 11:09:38PM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> >>> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> >>> Sent: Saturday, May 25, 2019 5:58 PM
> >>>
> >>> On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 3:40 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>> If we think of EADD as a way of mmap()'ing an enclave file into memory,
> >>>> would this
> >>> security_enclave_load() be the same as
> >>> security_mmap_file(source_vma->vm_file, maxperm, MAP_PRIVATE), except that
> >>> the target is now EPC instead of regular pages?
> >>>
> >>> Hmm, that's clever.  Although it seems plausible that an LSM would want to
> >>> allow RX or RWX of a given file page but only in the context of an approved
> >>> enclave, so I think it should still be its own hook.
> >>
> >> What do you mean by "in the context of an approved enclave"? EPC pages are
> >> *inaccessible* to any software until after EINIT. So it would never be a
> >> security concern to EADD a page with wrong permissions as long as the enclave
> >> would be denied eventually by LSM at EINIT.
> >>
> >> But I acknowledge the difference between loading a page into regular memory
> >> vs. into EPC. So it's beneficial to have a separate hook, which if not
> >> hooked, would pass through to security_mmap_file() by default?
> >
> > Mapping the enclave will still go through security_mmap_file(), the extra
> > security_enclave_load() hook allows the mmap() to use PROT_NONE.
> >
> >>> If it's going to be in an arbitrary file, then I think the signature needs to be more
> like:
> >>>
> >>> int security_enclave_init(struct vm_area_struct *sigstruct_vma, loff_t
> sigstruct_offset,
> >>> const sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
> >>>
> >>> So that the LSM still has the opportunity to base its decision on the contents of the
> >>> SIGSTRUCT.  Actually, we need that change regardless.
> >>
> >> Wouldn't the pair of { sigstruct_vma, sigstruct_offset } be the same as just
> >> a pointer, because the VMA could be looked up using the pointer and the
> >> offset would then be (pointer - vma->vm_start)?
> >
> > VMA has vm_file, e.g. the .sigstruct file labeled by LSMs.  That being
> > said, why does the LSM need the VMA?  E.g. why not this?
> >
> >    int security_enclave_init(struct file *file, struct sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
> >
> >>>> Loosely speaking, an enclave (including initial contents of all of its pages and
> their
> >>> permissions) and its MRENCLAVE are a 1-to-1 correspondence (given the collision
> resistant
> >>> property of SHA-2). So only one is needed for a decision, and either one would lead to
> the
> >>> same decision. So I don't see anything making any sense here.
> >>>>
> >>>> Theoretically speaking, if LSM can make a decision at EINIT by means of
> >>> security_enclave_load(), then security_enclave_load() is never needed.
> >>>>
> >>>> In practice, I support keeping both because security_enclave_load() can only approve
> an
> >>> enumerable set while security_enclave_load() can approve a non-enumerable set of
> enclaves.
> >>> Moreover, in order to determine the validity of a MRENCLAVE (as in development of a
> policy
> >>> or in creation of a white/black list), system admins will need the audit log produced
> by
> >>> security_enclave_load().
> >>>
> >>> I'm confused.  Things like MRSIGNER aren't known until the SIGSTRUCT shows
> >>> up.  Also, security_enclave_load() provides no protection against loading a
> >>> mishmash of two different enclave files.  I see security_enclave_init() as
> >>> "verify this SIGSTRUCT against your policy on who may sign enclaves and/or
> >>> grant EXECMOD depending on SIGSTRUCT" and security_enclave_load() as
> >>> "implement your EXECMOD / EXECUTE / WRITE / whatever policy and possibly
> >>> check enclave files for some label."
> >>
> >> Sorry for the confusion. I was saying the same thing except that the decision
> >> of security_enclave_load() doesn't have to depend on SIGSTRUCT. Given your
> >> prototype of security_enclave_load(), I think we are on the same page. I made
> >> the above comment to object to the idea of "require that the sigstruct be
> >> supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can depend
> >> on the sigstruct".
> >
> > Except that having the sigstruct allows using the sigstruct as the proxy
> > for the enclave.  I think the last big disconnect is that Andy and I want
> > to tie everything to an enclave-specific file, i.e. sigstruct, while you
> > are proposing labeling /dev/sgx/enclave.  If someone wants to cram several
> > sigstructs into a single file, so be it, but using /dev/sgx/enclave means
> > users can't do per-enclave permissions, period.
> >
> > What is your objection to working on the sigstruct?
> >
> >>>>>> Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as
> >>>>>> Cedric wanted (without having to play games and pass
> >>>>>> /dev/sgx/enclave to security_enclave_load()), but I don't think
> >>>>>> there's anything fundamentally broken with using .sigstruct for
> >>>>>> EXECMOD.  It requires more verbose labeling, but that's not a bad thing.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> The benefit of putting it on .sigstruct is that it can be per-enclave.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> As I understand it from Fedora packaging, the way this works on
> >>>>> distros is generally that a package will include some files and
> >>>>> their associated labels, and, if the package needs EXECMOD, then the
> >>>>> files are labeled with EXECMOD and the author of the relevant code might get a dirty
> >>> look.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> This could translate to the author of an exclave that needs RWX
> >>>>> regions getting a dirty look without leaking this permission into other enclaves.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> (In my opinion, the dirty looks are actually the best security
> >>>>> benefit of the entire concept of LSMs making RWX difficult.  A
> >>>>> sufficiently creative attacker can almost always bypass W^X
> >>>>> restrictions once they’ve pwned you, but W^X makes it harder to pwn
> >>>>> you in the first place, and SELinux makes it really obvious when
> >>>>> packaging a program that doesn’t respect W^X.  The upshot is that a
> >>>>> lot of programs got fixed.)
> >>>>
> >>>> I'm lost here. Dynamically linked enclaves, if running on SGX2, would need RW->RX,
> i.e.
> >>> FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave. But they never need RWX, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM.
> >>>
> >>> Hmm.  If we want to make this distinction, we need something a big richer
> >>> than my proposed callbacks.  A check of the actual mprotect() / mmap()
> >>> permissions would also be needed.  Specifically, allowing MAXPERM=RWX
> >>> wouldn't imply that PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC is allowed.
> >
> > Actually, I think we do have everything we need from an LSM perspective.
> > LSMs just need to understand that sgx_enclave_load() with a NULL vma
> > implies a transition from RW.  For example, SELinux would interpret
> > sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) as requiring FILE__EXECMOD.
> >
> > As Cedric mentioned earlier, the host process doesn't necessarily know
> > which pages will end up RW vs RX, i.e. sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX)
> > already has to be invoked at runtime, and when that happens, the kernel
> > can take the opportunity to change the VMAs from MAY_RW to MAY_RX.
> >
> > For simplicity in the kernel and clarity in userspace, it makes sense to
> > require an explicit ioctl() to add the to-be-EAUG'd range.  That just
> > leaves us wanting an ioctl() to set the post-EACCEPT{COPY} permissions.
> >
> > E.g.:
> >
> >      ioctl(<prefix>_ADD_REGION, { NULL }) /* NULL == EAUG, MAY_RW */
> >
> >      mprotect(addr, size, RW);
> >      ...
> >
> >      EACCEPTCOPY -> EAUG /* page fault handler */
> >
> >      ioctl(<prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION, { addr, size, RX}) /* MAY_RX */
> >
> >      mprotect(addr, size, RX);
> >
> >      ...
> >
> > And making ACTIVATE_REGION a single-shot per page eliminates the need for
> > the MAXPERMS concept (see below).
> >
> >> If we keep only one MAXPERM, wouldn't this be the current behavior of
> >> mmap()/mprotect()?
> >>
> >> To be a bit more clear, system admin sets MAXPERM upper bound in the form of
> >> FILE__{READ|WRITE|EXECUTE|EXECMOD} of /dev/sgx/enclave. Then for a
> >> process/enclave, if what it requires falls below what's allowed on
> >> /dev/sgx/enclave, then everything will just work. Otherwise, it fails in the
> >> form of -EPERM returned from mmap()/mprotect(). Please note that MAXPERM here
> >> applies to "runtime" permissions, while "initial" permissions are taken care
> >> of by security_enclave_{load|init}. "initial" permissions could be more
> >> permissive than "runtime" permissions, e.g., RX is still required for initial
> >> code pages even though system admins could disable dynamically loaded code
> >> pages by *not* giving FILE__{EXECUTE|EXECMOD}. Therefore, the "initial"
> >> mapping would still have to be done by the driver (to bypass LSM), either via
> >> a new ioctl or as part of IOC_EINIT.
> >
> > Aha!
> >
> > Starting with Cedric's assertion that initial permissions can be taken
> > directly from SECINFO:
> >
> >    - Initial permissions for *EADD* pages are explicitly handled via
> >      sgx_enclave_load() with the exact SECINFO permissions.
> >
> >    - Initial permissions for *EAUG* are unconditionally RW.  EACCEPTCOPY
> >      requires the target EPC page to be RW, and EACCEPT with RO is useless.
> >
> >    - Runtime permissions break down as follows:
> >        R   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG)
> >        W   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG) and x86 paging can't do W
> >        X   - N/A, subset of RX (x86 paging can't do XO)
> >        RW  - Handled by EAUG LSM hook (uses RW unconditionally)
> >        WX  - N/A, subset of RWX (x86 paging can't do WX)
> >        RX  - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
> >        RWX - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
> >
> > In other words, if we define the SGX -> LSM calls as follows (minus the
> > file pointer and other params for brevity):
> >
> >    - <prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, perms) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, perms)
> >
> >    - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(vma) -> sgx_enclave_load(vma, SECINFO.perms)
> >
> >    - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(NULL) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RW)
> >
> > then SGX and LSMs have all the information and hooks needed.  The catch
> > is that the LSM semantics of sgx_enclave_load(..., RW) would need to be
> > different than normal shared memory, e.g. FILE__WRITE should *not* be
> > required, but that's ok since it's an SGX specific hook.  And if for some
> > reason an LSM wanted to gate access to EAUG *without* FILE__EXECMOD, it'd
> > have the necessary information to do so.
> 
> Assuming that sgx_enclave_load() is a LSM hook (probably named
> security_enclave_load() instead), then:
> 
> a) Does the sigstruct file get passed to this hook in every case, even
> when vma is NULL?  I think the answer is yes, just want to confirm.

I'm confused. 

In the case of EADD (non-NULL vma), are we passing both vma and sigstruct file? If so, which file dictates allowed permissions, vma->vm_file or sigstruct, or both???

In the case of EAUG (NULL vma), all other parameters are constant for any given enclave. Then why do we call this same hook for every region added, assuming the hook will return the same value everytime anyway?  

And it looks like ACTIVATE_REGION is needed only because the proposed security_enclave_load() would base its decision on the sigstruct file. An alternative is to base that decision on /dev/sgx/enclave. Of course the former has finer granularity but is that really necessary? From security perspective, only the weakest link matters. FILE__EXECMOD on a regular shared object could allow exploits of all bugs throughout the host process because code within that shared object is modifiable by not only itself but also any code within that same process. In contrast, FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave only allows enclaves to modify themselves. They cannot modify each other, neither can "untrusted" code outside of enclaves modify any of them. So it doesn't look like a weaker link to me. Moreover, requiring FILE__EXECMOD on sigstruct means it could be used as a target buffer for code injection attacks. IMHO that *lowers* the security of the whole process.

> 
> b) Should we use a different hook for ACTIVATE_REGION than for
> ADD_REGION or is the distinction between them irrelevant/unnecessary
> from an access control point of view? At present LSM/SELinux won't be
> able to distinguish ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, RW) from ADD_REGION(NULL) above
> since they will both invoke the same hook with the same arguments IIUC.
> Does it matter?  It's ok if the answer is no, just want to confirm.
> 
> c) Is there still also a separate security_enclave_init() hook that will
> be called, and if so, how does it differ and when is it called relative
> to security_enclave_load()?

I think security_enclave_init() will always be useful, as it offers a way for LSM to implement whitelisting/blacklisting. Of course an LSM module like SELinux can look into the backing inode too. I think the hook should have a signature like:

int security_enclave_init(struct sgx_sigstruct __user *sigstruct);

An LSM that cares about the backing file could look into vm_file of the VMA covering the buffer, while an LSM that cares the sigstruct itself (e.g. signing key) could just look into the buffer. 

> 
> d) What checks were you envisioning each of these calls making?
> 
> With the separate security_enclave_*() hooks, we could define and use
> new ENCLAVE__* permissions, e.g. ENCLAVE__LOAD, ENCLAVE__INIT,
> ENCLAVE__EXECUTE, ENCLAVE__EXECMEM, ENCLAVE__EXECMOD, if we want to
> distinguish these operations from regular file mmap/mprotect operations.

I'm not sure if these ENCLAVE__* flags are an overkill, unless we want to enforce an enclave file cannot be loaded as a regular shared object or vice versa.

> 
> >
> > The userspace changes are fairly minimal:
> >
> >    - For SGX1, use PROT_NONE for the initial mmap() and refactor ADD_PAGE
> >      to ADD_REGION.
> >
> >    - For SGX2, do an explicit ADD_REGION on the ranges to be EAUG'd, and an
> >      ACTIVATE_REGION to make a region RX or R (no extra ioctl() required to
> >      keep RW permissions).
> >
> > Because ACTIVATE_REGION can only be done once per page, to do *abitrary*
> > mprotect() transitions, userspace would need to set the added/activated
> > permissions to be a superset of the transitions, e.g. RW -> RX would
> > require RWX, but that's a non-issue.
> >
> >    - For SGX1 it's a nop since it's impossible to change the EPCM
> >      permissions, i.e. the page would need to be RWX regardless.
> >
> >    - For SGX2, userspace can suck it up and request RWX to do completely
> >      arbitrary transitions (working as intended), or the kernel can support
> >      trimming (removing) pages from an enclave, which would allow userspace
> >      to do "arbitrary" transitions by first removing the page.
> >


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30  6:12                                                                                     ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-30 14:22                                                                                       ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-30 14:31                                                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-30 14:22 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric, Christopherson, Sean J, William Roberts
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/30/19 2:12 AM, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>> From: linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-sgx-owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf
>> Of Stephen Smalley
>> Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2019 7:08 AM
>>
>> On 5/28/19 4:24 PM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>>> On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 11:09:38PM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
>>>>> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
>>>>> Sent: Saturday, May 25, 2019 5:58 PM
>>>>>
>>>>> On Sat, May 25, 2019 at 3:40 PM Xing, Cedric <cedric.xing@intel.com> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> If we think of EADD as a way of mmap()'ing an enclave file into memory,
>>>>>> would this
>>>>> security_enclave_load() be the same as
>>>>> security_mmap_file(source_vma->vm_file, maxperm, MAP_PRIVATE), except that
>>>>> the target is now EPC instead of regular pages?
>>>>>
>>>>> Hmm, that's clever.  Although it seems plausible that an LSM would want to
>>>>> allow RX or RWX of a given file page but only in the context of an approved
>>>>> enclave, so I think it should still be its own hook.
>>>>
>>>> What do you mean by "in the context of an approved enclave"? EPC pages are
>>>> *inaccessible* to any software until after EINIT. So it would never be a
>>>> security concern to EADD a page with wrong permissions as long as the enclave
>>>> would be denied eventually by LSM at EINIT.
>>>>
>>>> But I acknowledge the difference between loading a page into regular memory
>>>> vs. into EPC. So it's beneficial to have a separate hook, which if not
>>>> hooked, would pass through to security_mmap_file() by default?
>>>
>>> Mapping the enclave will still go through security_mmap_file(), the extra
>>> security_enclave_load() hook allows the mmap() to use PROT_NONE.
>>>
>>>>> If it's going to be in an arbitrary file, then I think the signature needs to be more
>> like:
>>>>>
>>>>> int security_enclave_init(struct vm_area_struct *sigstruct_vma, loff_t
>> sigstruct_offset,
>>>>> const sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
>>>>>
>>>>> So that the LSM still has the opportunity to base its decision on the contents of the
>>>>> SIGSTRUCT.  Actually, we need that change regardless.
>>>>
>>>> Wouldn't the pair of { sigstruct_vma, sigstruct_offset } be the same as just
>>>> a pointer, because the VMA could be looked up using the pointer and the
>>>> offset would then be (pointer - vma->vm_start)?
>>>
>>> VMA has vm_file, e.g. the .sigstruct file labeled by LSMs.  That being
>>> said, why does the LSM need the VMA?  E.g. why not this?
>>>
>>>     int security_enclave_init(struct file *file, struct sgx_sigstruct *sigstruct);
>>>
>>>>>> Loosely speaking, an enclave (including initial contents of all of its pages and
>> their
>>>>> permissions) and its MRENCLAVE are a 1-to-1 correspondence (given the collision
>> resistant
>>>>> property of SHA-2). So only one is needed for a decision, and either one would lead to
>> the
>>>>> same decision. So I don't see anything making any sense here.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Theoretically speaking, if LSM can make a decision at EINIT by means of
>>>>> security_enclave_load(), then security_enclave_load() is never needed.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> In practice, I support keeping both because security_enclave_load() can only approve
>> an
>>>>> enumerable set while security_enclave_load() can approve a non-enumerable set of
>> enclaves.
>>>>> Moreover, in order to determine the validity of a MRENCLAVE (as in development of a
>> policy
>>>>> or in creation of a white/black list), system admins will need the audit log produced
>> by
>>>>> security_enclave_load().
>>>>>
>>>>> I'm confused.  Things like MRSIGNER aren't known until the SIGSTRUCT shows
>>>>> up.  Also, security_enclave_load() provides no protection against loading a
>>>>> mishmash of two different enclave files.  I see security_enclave_init() as
>>>>> "verify this SIGSTRUCT against your policy on who may sign enclaves and/or
>>>>> grant EXECMOD depending on SIGSTRUCT" and security_enclave_load() as
>>>>> "implement your EXECMOD / EXECUTE / WRITE / whatever policy and possibly
>>>>> check enclave files for some label."
>>>>
>>>> Sorry for the confusion. I was saying the same thing except that the decision
>>>> of security_enclave_load() doesn't have to depend on SIGSTRUCT. Given your
>>>> prototype of security_enclave_load(), I think we are on the same page. I made
>>>> the above comment to object to the idea of "require that the sigstruct be
>>>> supplied before any EADD operations so that the maxperm decisions can depend
>>>> on the sigstruct".
>>>
>>> Except that having the sigstruct allows using the sigstruct as the proxy
>>> for the enclave.  I think the last big disconnect is that Andy and I want
>>> to tie everything to an enclave-specific file, i.e. sigstruct, while you
>>> are proposing labeling /dev/sgx/enclave.  If someone wants to cram several
>>> sigstructs into a single file, so be it, but using /dev/sgx/enclave means
>>> users can't do per-enclave permissions, period.
>>>
>>> What is your objection to working on the sigstruct?
>>>
>>>>>>>> Passing both would allow tying EXECMOD to /dev/sgx/enclave as
>>>>>>>> Cedric wanted (without having to play games and pass
>>>>>>>> /dev/sgx/enclave to security_enclave_load()), but I don't think
>>>>>>>> there's anything fundamentally broken with using .sigstruct for
>>>>>>>> EXECMOD.  It requires more verbose labeling, but that's not a bad thing.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The benefit of putting it on .sigstruct is that it can be per-enclave.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> As I understand it from Fedora packaging, the way this works on
>>>>>>> distros is generally that a package will include some files and
>>>>>>> their associated labels, and, if the package needs EXECMOD, then the
>>>>>>> files are labeled with EXECMOD and the author of the relevant code might get a dirty
>>>>> look.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> This could translate to the author of an exclave that needs RWX
>>>>>>> regions getting a dirty look without leaking this permission into other enclaves.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (In my opinion, the dirty looks are actually the best security
>>>>>>> benefit of the entire concept of LSMs making RWX difficult.  A
>>>>>>> sufficiently creative attacker can almost always bypass W^X
>>>>>>> restrictions once they’ve pwned you, but W^X makes it harder to pwn
>>>>>>> you in the first place, and SELinux makes it really obvious when
>>>>>>> packaging a program that doesn’t respect W^X.  The upshot is that a
>>>>>>> lot of programs got fixed.)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I'm lost here. Dynamically linked enclaves, if running on SGX2, would need RW->RX,
>> i.e.
>>>>> FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave. But they never need RWX, i.e. PROCESS__EXECMEM.
>>>>>
>>>>> Hmm.  If we want to make this distinction, we need something a big richer
>>>>> than my proposed callbacks.  A check of the actual mprotect() / mmap()
>>>>> permissions would also be needed.  Specifically, allowing MAXPERM=RWX
>>>>> wouldn't imply that PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC is allowed.
>>>
>>> Actually, I think we do have everything we need from an LSM perspective.
>>> LSMs just need to understand that sgx_enclave_load() with a NULL vma
>>> implies a transition from RW.  For example, SELinux would interpret
>>> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) as requiring FILE__EXECMOD.
>>>
>>> As Cedric mentioned earlier, the host process doesn't necessarily know
>>> which pages will end up RW vs RX, i.e. sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX)
>>> already has to be invoked at runtime, and when that happens, the kernel
>>> can take the opportunity to change the VMAs from MAY_RW to MAY_RX.
>>>
>>> For simplicity in the kernel and clarity in userspace, it makes sense to
>>> require an explicit ioctl() to add the to-be-EAUG'd range.  That just
>>> leaves us wanting an ioctl() to set the post-EACCEPT{COPY} permissions.
>>>
>>> E.g.:
>>>
>>>       ioctl(<prefix>_ADD_REGION, { NULL }) /* NULL == EAUG, MAY_RW */
>>>
>>>       mprotect(addr, size, RW);
>>>       ...
>>>
>>>       EACCEPTCOPY -> EAUG /* page fault handler */
>>>
>>>       ioctl(<prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION, { addr, size, RX}) /* MAY_RX */
>>>
>>>       mprotect(addr, size, RX);
>>>
>>>       ...
>>>
>>> And making ACTIVATE_REGION a single-shot per page eliminates the need for
>>> the MAXPERMS concept (see below).
>>>
>>>> If we keep only one MAXPERM, wouldn't this be the current behavior of
>>>> mmap()/mprotect()?
>>>>
>>>> To be a bit more clear, system admin sets MAXPERM upper bound in the form of
>>>> FILE__{READ|WRITE|EXECUTE|EXECMOD} of /dev/sgx/enclave. Then for a
>>>> process/enclave, if what it requires falls below what's allowed on
>>>> /dev/sgx/enclave, then everything will just work. Otherwise, it fails in the
>>>> form of -EPERM returned from mmap()/mprotect(). Please note that MAXPERM here
>>>> applies to "runtime" permissions, while "initial" permissions are taken care
>>>> of by security_enclave_{load|init}. "initial" permissions could be more
>>>> permissive than "runtime" permissions, e.g., RX is still required for initial
>>>> code pages even though system admins could disable dynamically loaded code
>>>> pages by *not* giving FILE__{EXECUTE|EXECMOD}. Therefore, the "initial"
>>>> mapping would still have to be done by the driver (to bypass LSM), either via
>>>> a new ioctl or as part of IOC_EINIT.
>>>
>>> Aha!
>>>
>>> Starting with Cedric's assertion that initial permissions can be taken
>>> directly from SECINFO:
>>>
>>>     - Initial permissions for *EADD* pages are explicitly handled via
>>>       sgx_enclave_load() with the exact SECINFO permissions.
>>>
>>>     - Initial permissions for *EAUG* are unconditionally RW.  EACCEPTCOPY
>>>       requires the target EPC page to be RW, and EACCEPT with RO is useless.
>>>
>>>     - Runtime permissions break down as follows:
>>>         R   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG)
>>>         W   - N/A, subset of RW (EAUG) and x86 paging can't do W
>>>         X   - N/A, subset of RX (x86 paging can't do XO)
>>>         RW  - Handled by EAUG LSM hook (uses RW unconditionally)
>>>         WX  - N/A, subset of RWX (x86 paging can't do WX)
>>>         RX  - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
>>>         RWX - Handled by ACTIVATE_REGION
>>>
>>> In other words, if we define the SGX -> LSM calls as follows (minus the
>>> file pointer and other params for brevity):
>>>
>>>     - <prefix>_ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, perms) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, perms)
>>>
>>>     - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(vma) -> sgx_enclave_load(vma, SECINFO.perms)
>>>
>>>     - <prefix>_ADD_REGION(NULL) -> sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RW)
>>>
>>> then SGX and LSMs have all the information and hooks needed.  The catch
>>> is that the LSM semantics of sgx_enclave_load(..., RW) would need to be
>>> different than normal shared memory, e.g. FILE__WRITE should *not* be
>>> required, but that's ok since it's an SGX specific hook.  And if for some
>>> reason an LSM wanted to gate access to EAUG *without* FILE__EXECMOD, it'd
>>> have the necessary information to do so.
>>
>> Assuming that sgx_enclave_load() is a LSM hook (probably named
>> security_enclave_load() instead), then:
>>
>> a) Does the sigstruct file get passed to this hook in every case, even
>> when vma is NULL?  I think the answer is yes, just want to confirm.
> 
> I'm confused.

I'm finding it difficult to follow as well, so my questions are just an 
attempt to understand the latest model.

> In the case of EADD (non-NULL vma), are we passing both vma and sigstruct file? If so, which file dictates allowed permissions, vma->vm_file or sigstruct, or both???

My impression was that they were going to pass both, but the sigstruct 
file is the target of permission checks.  The vma if non-NULL would be 
used to determine whether PROT_EXEC is being added or was already 
present and whether EXECMOD needs to be checked (i.e. copy-on-write has 
occurred and PROT_EXEC is being added).

> In the case of EAUG (NULL vma), all other parameters are constant for any given enclave. Then why do we call this same hook for every region added, assuming the hook will return the same value everytime anyway?

Yes, I was wondering about that as well.

> And it looks like ACTIVATE_REGION is needed only because the proposed security_enclave_load() would base its decision on the sigstruct file. An alternative is to base that decision on /dev/sgx/enclave. Of course the former has finer granularity but is that really necessary? From security perspective, only the weakest link matters. FILE__EXECMOD on a regular shared object could allow exploits of all bugs throughout the host process because code within that shared object is modifiable by not only itself but also any code within that same process. In contrast, FILE__EXECMOD on /dev/sgx/enclave only allows enclaves to modify themselves. They cannot modify each other, neither can "untrusted" code outside of enclaves modify any of them. So it doesn't look like a weaker link to me. Moreover, requiring FILE__EXECMOD on sigstruct means it could be used as a target buffer for code injection attacks. IMHO that *lowers* the security of the whole process.

This is partly why I suggested separate ENCLAVE__EXECMOD and other 
checks below, so we can distinguish between FILE__EXECMOD versus 
ENCLAVE__EXECMOD on the sigstruct file.  If using /dev/sgx/enclave as 
the target, then we don't need a separate permission per se but we lose 
the per-sigstruct granularity.

> 
>>
>> b) Should we use a different hook for ACTIVATE_REGION than for
>> ADD_REGION or is the distinction between them irrelevant/unnecessary
>> from an access control point of view? At present LSM/SELinux won't be
>> able to distinguish ACTIVATE_REGION(vma, RW) from ADD_REGION(NULL) above
>> since they will both invoke the same hook with the same arguments IIUC.
>> Does it matter?  It's ok if the answer is no, just want to confirm.
>>
>> c) Is there still also a separate security_enclave_init() hook that will
>> be called, and if so, how does it differ and when is it called relative
>> to security_enclave_load()?
> 
> I think security_enclave_init() will always be useful, as it offers a way for LSM to implement whitelisting/blacklisting. Of course an LSM module like SELinux can look into the backing inode too. I think the hook should have a signature like:
> 
> int security_enclave_init(struct sgx_sigstruct __user *sigstruct);
> 
> An LSM that cares about the backing file could look into vm_file of the VMA covering the buffer, while an LSM that cares the sigstruct itself (e.g. signing key) could just look into the buffer.

I'm not a fan of passing __user pointers to LSM hooks.  And it certainly 
shouldn't be looking at the buffer since it could change between the 
time of check and time of use.

> 
>>
>> d) What checks were you envisioning each of these calls making?
>>
>> With the separate security_enclave_*() hooks, we could define and use
>> new ENCLAVE__* permissions, e.g. ENCLAVE__LOAD, ENCLAVE__INIT,
>> ENCLAVE__EXECUTE, ENCLAVE__EXECMEM, ENCLAVE__EXECMOD, if we want to
>> distinguish these operations from regular file mmap/mprotect operations.
> 
> I'm not sure if these ENCLAVE__* flags are an overkill, unless we want to enforce an enclave file cannot be loaded as a regular shared object or vice versa.

ENCLAVE__LOAD and/or ENCLAVE__INIT would be to support whitelisting of 
what enclaves can be loaded/initialized by the process.  That's separate 
from the W^X discussion.  Those permissions would be between the process 
and either the sigstruct file or the enclave file (the consensus seemed 
to be the sigstruct file as the stronger/more complete binding of the 
enclave).  We probably only need one of those two permission checks not 
both.

ENCLAVE__EXECUTE, ENCLAVE__EXECMEM, ENCLAVE__EXECMOD would allow 
distinctions between host process mmap/mprotect PROT_EXEC operations 
(which would continue to apply FILE__EXECUTE, PROCESS__EXECMEM, and 
FILE__EXECMOD checks if appropriate) and the driver's setting of initial 
and runtime permissions (which would apply ENCLAVE__EXECUTE, 
ENCLAVE__EXECMEM, and ENCLAVE__EXECMOD checks if appropriate). That's 
particularly helpful if we are using the sigstruct or enclave file as 
the target of all checks instead of /dev/sgx/enclave, so that we don't 
have to allow FILE__EXECUTE or FILE__EXECMOD to the sigstruct file by 
the host process.

> 
>>
>>>
>>> The userspace changes are fairly minimal:
>>>
>>>     - For SGX1, use PROT_NONE for the initial mmap() and refactor ADD_PAGE
>>>       to ADD_REGION.
>>>
>>>     - For SGX2, do an explicit ADD_REGION on the ranges to be EAUG'd, and an
>>>       ACTIVATE_REGION to make a region RX or R (no extra ioctl() required to
>>>       keep RW permissions).
>>>
>>> Because ACTIVATE_REGION can only be done once per page, to do *abitrary*
>>> mprotect() transitions, userspace would need to set the added/activated
>>> permissions to be a superset of the transitions, e.g. RW -> RX would
>>> require RWX, but that's a non-issue.
>>>
>>>     - For SGX1 it's a nop since it's impossible to change the EPCM
>>>       permissions, i.e. the page would need to be RWX regardless.
>>>
>>>     - For SGX2, userspace can suck it up and request RWX to do completely
>>>       arbitrary transitions (working as intended), or the kernel can support
>>>       trimming (removing) pages from an enclave, which would allow userspace
>>>       to do "arbitrary" transitions by first removing the page.
>>>
> 


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 14:22                                                                                       ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-30 14:31                                                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-30 15:04                                                                                           ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-06-03 20:43                                                                                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-30 14:31 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Christopherson, Sean J, William Roberts,
	Andy Lutomirski, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

Hi all-

After an offline discussion with Sean yesterday, here are some updates
to the user API parts of my proposal.

Unfortunately, Sean convinced me that MAXPERM doesn't work the way I
described it because, for SGX2, the enclave loader won't know at load
time whether a given EAUG-ed page will ever be executed.  So here's an
update.

First, here are the requrements as I see them, where EXECUTE, EXECMOD,
and EXECMEM could be substituted with other rules at the LSM's
discretion:

 - You can create a WX or RWX mapping if and only if you have EXECMEM.

 - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that has ever been W, you
need EXECMOD.

 - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that came from EADD, you
need EXECUTE on the source file.  Optionally, we could also permit
this if you have EXECMOD.

And I have two design proposals.  One is static and one is dynamic.
To implement either one, we will probably need a new .may_mprotect vm
operation, and that operation can call an LSM hook.  Or we can give
LSMs a way to detect that a given vm_area_struct is an enclave.  As I
see it, this is an implementation detail that is certainly solveable.


Static proposal:


EADD takes an execute_intent flag.  It calls a new hook:

  int security_enclave_load(struct vm_area_struct *source, bool execute_intent);

This hook will fail if execute_intent==true and the caller has neither
EXECUTE, EXECMOD, nor EXECMEM.

EAUG sets execute_intent = false.

EINIT takes a sigstruct pointer.  SGX can (when initially upstreamed
or later on once there's demand) call a new hook:

  security_enclave_init(struct sigstruct *sigstruct, struct
vm_area_struct *source);

mmap() and mprotect() will require EXECMEM to create WX or RWX
mappings.  They will require EXECMOD to create RX or X mappings of an
execute_intent==false page.  They require no permissions in the other
cases.


Dynamic proposal:


EADD does not take any special flags.  It does something like this internally:

  bool execute_intent = true;
  int security_enclave_load(struct vm_area_struct *source, bool
*execute_intent);

The implementation of security_enclave_load() may set *execute_intent to false.
The driver records execute_intent after the LSM is done.

mmap() and mprotect() will require EXECMEM to create WX or RWX
mappings.  They will require EXECMOD to create RX or X mappings of an
execute_intent==false page.  They require no permissions in the other
cases.



A benefit of the static proposal is that audit failures due to a lack
of EXECUTE permission are easy to implement and to understand in the
lods.  With the dynamic model, we can only really audit the lack of
EXECMOD or EXECMEM.  A benefit of the dynamic model is that we hide
what is arguably a decently large wart from the API.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 14:31                                                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-30 15:04                                                                                           ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-30 16:14                                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-06-03 20:47                                                                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-06-03 20:43                                                                                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Stephen Smalley @ 2019-05-30 15:04 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Xing, Cedric, Christopherson, Sean J, William Roberts,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On 5/30/19 10:31 AM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> Hi all-
> 
> After an offline discussion with Sean yesterday, here are some updates
> to the user API parts of my proposal.
> 
> Unfortunately, Sean convinced me that MAXPERM doesn't work the way I
> described it because, for SGX2, the enclave loader won't know at load
> time whether a given EAUG-ed page will ever be executed.  So here's an
> update.
> 
> First, here are the requrements as I see them, where EXECUTE, EXECMOD,
> and EXECMEM could be substituted with other rules at the LSM's
> discretion:
> 
>   - You can create a WX or RWX mapping if and only if you have EXECMEM.
> 
>   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that has ever been W, you
> need EXECMOD.

EXECMOD to what file? The enclave file from which the page's content 
originated, the sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?

>   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that came from EADD, you
> need EXECUTE on the source file.  Optionally, we could also permit
> this if you have EXECMOD.

What is the "source file" i.e. the target of the check?  Enclave file, 
sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?

> 
> And I have two design proposals.  One is static and one is dynamic.
> To implement either one, we will probably need a new .may_mprotect vm
> operation, and that operation can call an LSM hook.  Or we can give
> LSMs a way to detect that a given vm_area_struct is an enclave.  As I
> see it, this is an implementation detail that is certainly solveable.
> 
> 
> Static proposal:
> 
> 
> EADD takes an execute_intent flag.  It calls a new hook:
> 
>    int security_enclave_load(struct vm_area_struct *source, bool execute_intent);
> 
> This hook will fail if execute_intent==true and the caller has neither
> EXECUTE, EXECMOD, nor EXECMEM.

EADD execute_intent flag is originally provided by whom (userspace or 
driver) on what basis? Which file is referenced by source->vm_file? Why 
trigger all three checks up front versus only checking if needed?  Won't 
this trigger a lot of unnecessary EXECMOD and EXECMEM denials that will 
need to be dontaudit'd? What if there is a mismatch between 
execute_intent and the initial permissions?

> 
> EAUG sets execute_intent = false.
> 
> EINIT takes a sigstruct pointer.  SGX can (when initially upstreamed
> or later on once there's demand) call a new hook:
> 
>    security_enclave_init(struct sigstruct *sigstruct, struct
> vm_area_struct *source);

Is struct sigstruct the same as struct sgx_sigstruct in the current 
patches (i.e. just the sigstruct data, no file)?  What file is 
referenced by source->vm_file (the sigstruct or the enclave or 
/dev/sgx/enclave)?  Is this hook only for enforcing a whitelist on what 
enclaves can be loaded?  What is the target of the check?

> mmap() and mprotect() will require EXECMEM to create WX or RWX
> mappings.  They will require EXECMOD to create RX or X mappings of an
> execute_intent==false page.  They require no permissions in the other
> cases.

Does this occur for both setting initial permissions and runtime 
permissions or just runtime? Both userspace- and driver-initiated 
mmap/mprotect operations or just userspace-initiated ones?  Does the 
driver use interfaces that call the mmap/mprotect hooks or lower level 
functions?

> 
> 
> Dynamic proposal:
> 
> 
> EADD does not take any special flags.  It does something like this internally:
> 
>    bool execute_intent = true;
>    int security_enclave_load(struct vm_area_struct *source, bool
> *execute_intent);
> 
> The implementation of security_enclave_load() may set *execute_intent to false.
> The driver records execute_intent after the LSM is done.

On what basis does LSM decide whether to set *execute_intent?  If the 
process lacks all three permissions? What if there is a mismatch with 
the initial permissions?

> 
> mmap() and mprotect() will require EXECMEM to create WX or RWX
> mappings.  They will require EXECMOD to create RX or X mappings of an
> execute_intent==false page.  They require no permissions in the other
> cases.
> 
> 
> 
> A benefit of the static proposal is that audit failures due to a lack
> of EXECUTE permission are easy to implement and to understand in the
> lods.  With the dynamic model, we can only really audit the lack of
> EXECMOD or EXECMEM.  A benefit of the dynamic model is that we hide
> what is arguably a decently large wart from the API.
> 


^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 15:04                                                                                           ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-05-30 16:14                                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-30 18:01                                                                                               ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-06-03 20:54                                                                                               ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-06-03 20:47                                                                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-30 16:14 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Xing, Cedric, Christopherson, Sean J,
	William Roberts, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn,
	LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman,
	Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML,
	X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun,
	Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn,
	Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 8:04 AM Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
>
> On 5/30/19 10:31 AM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > Hi all-
> >
> > After an offline discussion with Sean yesterday, here are some updates
> > to the user API parts of my proposal.
> >
> > Unfortunately, Sean convinced me that MAXPERM doesn't work the way I
> > described it because, for SGX2, the enclave loader won't know at load
> > time whether a given EAUG-ed page will ever be executed.  So here's an
> > update.
> >
> > First, here are the requrements as I see them, where EXECUTE, EXECMOD,
> > and EXECMEM could be substituted with other rules at the LSM's
> > discretion:
> >
> >   - You can create a WX or RWX mapping if and only if you have EXECMEM.
> >
> >   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that has ever been W, you
> > need EXECMOD.
>
> EXECMOD to what file? The enclave file from which the page's content
> originated, the sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?

I leave that decision to you :)  The user should need permission to do
an execmod thing on an enclave, however that wants to be encoded.

>
> >   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that came from EADD, you
> > need EXECUTE on the source file.  Optionally, we could also permit
> > this if you have EXECMOD.
>
> What is the "source file" i.e. the target of the check?  Enclave file,
> sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?

Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data is loaded.

>
> >
> > And I have two design proposals.  One is static and one is dynamic.
> > To implement either one, we will probably need a new .may_mprotect vm
> > operation, and that operation can call an LSM hook.  Or we can give
> > LSMs a way to detect that a given vm_area_struct is an enclave.  As I
> > see it, this is an implementation detail that is certainly solveable.
> >
> >
> > Static proposal:
> >
> >
> > EADD takes an execute_intent flag.  It calls a new hook:
> >
> >    int security_enclave_load(struct vm_area_struct *source, bool execute_intent);
> >
> > This hook will fail if execute_intent==true and the caller has neither
> > EXECUTE, EXECMOD, nor EXECMEM.
>
> EADD execute_intent flag is originally provided by whom (userspace or
> driver) on what basis? Which file is referenced by source->vm_file? Why
> trigger all three checks up front versus only checking if needed?  Won't
> this trigger a lot of unnecessary EXECMOD and EXECMEM denials that will
> need to be dontaudit'd? What if there is a mismatch between
> execute_intent and the initial permissions?

It's provided by userspace based on whether it thinks the data in
question is enclave code.  source->vm_file is the file from which the
code is being loaded.  I'm assuming that the user code will only set
excute_intent ==true if it actually wants to execute the code, so, if
there's a denial, it will be fatal.  The normal case will be that the
request will be granted on the basis of EXECUTE.

>
> >
> > EAUG sets execute_intent = false.
> >
> > EINIT takes a sigstruct pointer.  SGX can (when initially upstreamed
> > or later on once there's demand) call a new hook:
> >
> >    security_enclave_init(struct sigstruct *sigstruct, struct
> > vm_area_struct *source);
>
> Is struct sigstruct the same as struct sgx_sigstruct in the current
> patches (i.e. just the sigstruct data, no file)?  What file is
> referenced by source->vm_file (the sigstruct or the enclave or
> /dev/sgx/enclave)?  Is this hook only for enforcing a whitelist on what
> enclaves can be loaded?  What is the target of the check?

sigstruct is just the data.  source->vm_file is the file from which
the sigstruct came, which could be a .sigstruct file or could be the
main executable or a DSO that contains an embedded enclave.  The
sigstruct data is there so that an LSM (not necessarily SELinux) could
check MRENCLAVE or MRSIGNER, and the source is there so that the
file's label can be checked.

>
> > mmap() and mprotect() will require EXECMEM to create WX or RWX
> > mappings.  They will require EXECMOD to create RX or X mappings of an
> > execute_intent==false page.  They require no permissions in the other
> > cases.
>
> Does this occur for both setting initial permissions and runtime
> permissions or just runtime? Both userspace- and driver-initiated
> mmap/mprotect operations or just userspace-initiated ones?  Does the
> driver use interfaces that call the mmap/mprotect hooks or lower level
> functions?

These would occur for any mmap(), mprotect(), or ioctl() that changes
VMA permissions.  Actually arranging for the hooks to be called is an
implementation detail that might require a new .mprotect vm_operation.
As an alternative, security_enclave_init() or similar could supply
may_execmod and may_execmem flags to the driver, and the driver could
do these checks on its own when mmap() and mprotect() happen without a
new LSM callback.

>
> >
> >
> > Dynamic proposal:
> >
> >
> > EADD does not take any special flags.  It does something like this internally:
> >
> >    bool execute_intent = true;
> >    int security_enclave_load(struct vm_area_struct *source, bool
> > *execute_intent);
> >
> > The implementation of security_enclave_load() may set *execute_intent to false.
> > The driver records execute_intent after the LSM is done.
>
> On what basis does LSM decide whether to set *execute_intent?  If the
> process lacks all three permissions? What if there is a mismatch with
> the initial permissions?
>

I think it would set *execute_intent=false if the process lacks
EXECUTE on source->vm_file.  I'm not sure any more complexity is
required.  If the enclave has EXECMOD, then it will still work on the
basis of the mmap/mprotect rules.

> >
> > mmap() and mprotect() will require EXECMEM to create WX or RWX
> > mappings.  They will require EXECMOD to create RX or X mappings of an
> > execute_intent==false page.  They require no permissions in the other
> > cases.
> >
> >
> >
> > A benefit of the static proposal is that audit failures due to a lack
> > of EXECUTE permission are easy to implement and to understand in the
> > lods.  With the dynamic model, we can only really audit the lack of
> > EXECMOD or EXECMEM.  A benefit of the dynamic model is that we hide
> > what is arguably a decently large wart from the API.
> >
>

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30  5:38                                                                                       ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-30 17:21                                                                                         ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-30 17:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Wed, May 29, 2019 at 10:38:06PM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> > From: Christopherson, Sean J
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2019 2:41 PM
> > 
> > On Tue, May 28, 2019 at 01:48:02PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > On Tue, May 28, 2019 at 1:24 PM Sean Christopherson
> > > <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Actually, I think we do have everything we need from an LSM perspective.
> > > > LSMs just need to understand that sgx_enclave_load() with a NULL vma
> > > > implies a transition from RW.  For example, SELinux would interpret
> > > > sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) as requiring FILE__EXECMOD.
> > >
> > > You lost me here.  What operation triggers this callback?  And
> > > wouldn't sgx_enclave_load(NULL, RX) sometimes be a transition from RO
> > > or just some fresh executable zero bytes?
> > 
> > An explicit ioctl() after EACCEPTCOPY to update the allowed permissions.
> > For all intents and purposes, the EAUG'd page must start RW.  Maybe a better way to phrase
> > it is that at some point the page must be writable to have any value whatsover.
> > EACCEPTCOPY explicitly requires the page to be at least RW.  EACCEPT technically doesn't
> > require RW, but a RO or RX zero page is useless.  Userspace could still EACCEPT with RO or
> > RX, but SGX would assume a minimum of RW for the purposes of the LSM check.
> 
> Why is an explicit ioctl() necessary after EACCEPTCOPY? Or why is mprotect() not sufficient?

Ignore this, I was trying to avoid having to add a vm_ops mprotect(),
which Andy pointed out was silly.

> > In theory, it's still your MAXPERM model, but with the unnecessary states removed and the
> > others enforced/handled by the natural SGX transitions instead of explictly in ioctls.
> > Underneath the hood the SGX driver would still need to track the MAXPERM.
> 
> What are the "unnecessary states" removed? 

Andy proposed taking full RWX in MAXPERMs, but really we only need "can
writes ever happen to this page", as that allows the SGX driver to avoid
having to track if a page has been mapped PROT_WRITE by any VMA in any
process.

> I'm not sure understand the proposal fully. The whole thing looks to me like
> the driver is undertaking things that should/would otherwise be done by
> mmap()/mprotect() syscalls. It also imposes unnecessary restrictions on user
> mode code, such as mmap(PROT_NONE), ACTIVATE_REGION can be called only once,
> etc. What'd happen if ACTIVATE_REGION is called with a range spanning
> multiple/partial VMAs? What'd happen if an enclave was unmapped than mapped
> again? I'd say the proposal is unintuitive at least.
> 
> In theory, if the driver can keep track of MAXPERM for all pages within an
> enclave, then it could fail mmap() if the requested prot conflicts with any
> page's MAXPERM within that range. Otherwise, MAXPERM could be copied into
> VM_MAY* flags then mprotect() will just follow through. Wouldn't that be a
> much simpler and more intuitive approach?

Ignore all this, again I was trying to avoid hooking mprotect().

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 16:14                                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-30 18:01                                                                                               ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-30 19:20                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-06-03 21:05                                                                                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-06-03 20:54                                                                                               ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-30 18:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 09:14:10AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 8:04 AM Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
> >
> > On 5/30/19 10:31 AM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > Hi all-
> > >
> > > After an offline discussion with Sean yesterday, here are some updates
> > > to the user API parts of my proposal.
> > >
> > > Unfortunately, Sean convinced me that MAXPERM doesn't work the way I
> > > described it because, for SGX2, the enclave loader won't know at load
> > > time whether a given EAUG-ed page will ever be executed.  So here's an
> > > update.
> > >
> > > First, here are the requrements as I see them, where EXECUTE, EXECMOD,
> > > and EXECMEM could be substituted with other rules at the LSM's
> > > discretion:
> > >
> > >   - You can create a WX or RWX mapping if and only if you have EXECMEM.
> > >
> > >   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that has ever been W, you
> > > need EXECMOD.
> >
> > EXECMOD to what file? The enclave file from which the page's content
> > originated, the sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?
> 
> I leave that decision to you :)  The user should need permission to do
> an execmod thing on an enclave, however that wants to be encoded.

But that decision dictates how the SGX API handles sigstruct.  If LSMs
want to associate EXECMOD with sigstruct, then SGX needs to take sigstruct
early and hold a reference to the file for the lifetime of the enclave.
And if we're going to do that, the whole approach of inheriting
permissions from source VMAs becomes unnecessary complexity.

> >
> > >   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that came from EADD, you
> > > need EXECUTE on the source file.  Optionally, we could also permit
> > > this if you have EXECMOD.
> >
> > What is the "source file" i.e. the target of the check?  Enclave file,
> > sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?
> 
> Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data is loaded.

It wasn't explicitly called out in Andy's proposal(s), but the idea is
that the SGX driver would effectively inherit permissions from the source
VMA (EADD needs a source for the initial value of the encave page).

I have two gripes with that approach:

  - Requires enclave builder to mark enclave pages executable in the
    non-enclave VMAs, which may unnecessarily require EXECMOD on the
    source file, or even worse, EXECMEM, and potentially increases the
    attack surface since the file must be executable.

  - Is completely unnecessary if the enclave holds a reference to the
    sigstruct file, as LSMs can easily apply labels to the sigstruct,
    e.g. EXECUTE on the sigstruct instead of EXECUTE on the source file.


After the bajillion mails we've generated, AIUI we've come up with two
concepts that are viable: inheriting permissions from the source VMA
vs. using sigstruct as a proxy for the enclave.  Andy's proposals rely on
the inheritance concept.  The proposal below is based on the sigstruct
proxy concept.

For those not familiar with SGX details, sigstruct can be used as a proxy
because hardware enforces that the measurement stored in the sigstruct
exactly matches the measurement generated by the enclave build process,
e.g. adding a page as RX instead of R will change the measurement.

Core Concepts:
  - FILE_{READ,WRITE,EXEC} on /dev/sgx/enclave effectively gates access to
    EPC.  All real world enclaves will need all three permissions.
  - sigstruct is the proxy for enclave from an LSM perspective, e.g.
    SELinux can define ENCLAVE__EXECUTE and ENCLAVE__EXECMOD and apply
    them to the sigstruct file.
  - Take sigstruct at ECREATE so that ADD_REGION immediately followed by
    mprotect() works as expected (because SGX.mprotect() needs sigstruct
    to pass to security_enclave_mprotect(), see below).
  - SGX driver takes a reference to the backing sigstruct file if it
    exists so that the file can be provided to LSMs during mprotect().
  - Optional: SGX driver *requires* sigstruct to be backed by file, purely
    to enforce userspace infrastructure is in place for LSM support.

W^X handling:
  - mmap() to /dev/sgx/enclave only allowed with PROT_NONE, i.e. force
    userspace through mprotect() to simplify the kernel implementation.
  - Add vm_ops mprotect() ops hook (I'll refer to SGX's implementation
    as SGX.mprotect())
  - Take explicit ALLOW_WRITE at ADD_REGION, a.k.a. EADD
  - ADD_REGION also used to describe EAUG region (tentatively for SGX2).
  - Track "can be written at some point in time (past or future)" as
    ALLOW_WRITE (to avoid confusiong with MAY_WRITE).  A priori knowledge
    of writability avoids having to track/coordinate PROT_WRITE across
    VMAs and MMs.
  - SGX.mprotect() returns -EPERM if PROT_WRITE && !ALLOW_WRITE.
  - Add security_enclave_mprotect() LSM hook, called by SGX.mprotect(),
    e.g. int security_enclave_mprotect(struct file *sigstruct,
                                       unsigned long prot,
                                       bool allow_write)
  - Intention is that EXECMOD is required if PROT_EXEC and ALLOW_WRITE.

Enclave {white,black}listing:
  - Optional/Future: add security_enclave_create(), invoked during
    SGX ECREATE ioctl(), e.g.
       int security_enclave_create(struct vm_area_struct *sigstruct)

  - If this LSM hook is implemented, having sigstruct at ECREATE
    allows LSMs to determine whether or not the enclave is allowed to
    execute before allocating EPC for the enclave, e.g. unwanted enclaves
    can't DoS wanted enclaves.

LSM implementation possibilities:

  - Define ENCLAVE__EXECUTE and ENCLAVE__EXECMOD, require them on the
    process.  Does not require sigstruct to be backed by file, but cannot
    achieve per-enclave granularity.  

  - Define ENCLAVE__EXECUTE and ENCLAVE__EXECMOD, require them on the
    sigstruct, i.e. force sigstruct to reside in filesystem.  Allows
    per-enclave granularity.

  - Reuse FILE__EXECUTE and FILE__EXECMOD on sigstruct.  Likely has
    implications that may or may not be concerning, e.g. the sigstruct
    file itself is weirdly executable.

  - Adding ENCLAVE__EXECUTE and ENCLAVE__EXECMOD means the sigstruct,
    which may be emdedded in the same file as the enclave, does *not*
    require FILE__EXECUTE or FILE__EXECMOD, e.g. can be read-only.

  - LSMs can (will?) require ENCLAVE__EXECUTE and ENCLAVE__EXECMOD to
    effectively map an enclave, even if the process acquired the enclave
    via SCM_RIGHTS (enclaves are tracked by fds).  This is good or bad
    depending on your perspective.

Userspace changes:

  - EADD ioctl adds flags param to take ALLOW_WRITE

  - ECREATE ioctl takes sigstruct instead of EINIT

  - Initial mmap() must be PROT_NONE.

  - sigstruct likely needs to reside in a file (this may not affect
    some userspace implementations).

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 18:01                                                                                               ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-30 19:20                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-30 21:16                                                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-30 21:48                                                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-06-03 21:05                                                                                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-30 19:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 11:01 AM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 09:14:10AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 8:04 AM Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
> > >
> > > On 5/30/19 10:31 AM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > > Hi all-
> > > >
> > > > After an offline discussion with Sean yesterday, here are some updates
> > > > to the user API parts of my proposal.
> > > >
> > > > Unfortunately, Sean convinced me that MAXPERM doesn't work the way I
> > > > described it because, for SGX2, the enclave loader won't know at load
> > > > time whether a given EAUG-ed page will ever be executed.  So here's an
> > > > update.
> > > >
> > > > First, here are the requrements as I see them, where EXECUTE, EXECMOD,
> > > > and EXECMEM could be substituted with other rules at the LSM's
> > > > discretion:
> > > >
> > > >   - You can create a WX or RWX mapping if and only if you have EXECMEM.
> > > >
> > > >   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that has ever been W, you
> > > > need EXECMOD.
> > >
> > > EXECMOD to what file? The enclave file from which the page's content
> > > originated, the sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?
> >
> > I leave that decision to you :)  The user should need permission to do
> > an execmod thing on an enclave, however that wants to be encoded.
>
> But that decision dictates how the SGX API handles sigstruct.  If LSMs
> want to associate EXECMOD with sigstruct, then SGX needs to take sigstruct
> early and hold a reference to the file for the lifetime of the enclave.
> And if we're going to do that, the whole approach of inheriting
> permissions from source VMAs becomes unnecessary complexity.
>
> > >
> > > >   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that came from EADD, you
> > > > need EXECUTE on the source file.  Optionally, we could also permit
> > > > this if you have EXECMOD.
> > >
> > > What is the "source file" i.e. the target of the check?  Enclave file,
> > > sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?
> >
> > Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data is loaded.
>
> It wasn't explicitly called out in Andy's proposal(s), but the idea is
> that the SGX driver would effectively inherit permissions from the source
> VMA (EADD needs a source for the initial value of the encave page).

I actually meant for it to *not* work like this.  I don't want the
source VMA to have to be VM_EXEC.  I think the LSM should just check
permissions on ->vm_file.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 19:20                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-30 21:16                                                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-30 21:23                                                                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-30 21:48                                                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-30 21:16 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 12:20:45PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 11:01 AM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 09:14:10AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data is loaded.
> >
> > It wasn't explicitly called out in Andy's proposal(s), but the idea is
> > that the SGX driver would effectively inherit permissions from the source
> > VMA (EADD needs a source for the initial value of the encave page).
> 
> I actually meant for it to *not* work like this.  I don't want the
> source VMA to have to be VM_EXEC.  I think the LSM should just check
> permissions on ->vm_file.

But if ->vm_file is NULL, i.e. the enclave is not backed by a file,
then PROCESS__EXECMEM is required (or more likely, ENCLAVE__EXECMEM).

In practice, it's the same net effect of using sigstruct as a proxy,
i.e. *something* has to get to the file system to avoid EXECMEM.  But
putting the entire enclave to the filesystem seems like a heaver lift
than dumping the sigstruct.

And if sigstruct needs to be in the file system for
security_enclave_create/init()...

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 21:16                                                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-30 21:23                                                                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-30 21:36                                                                                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-05-30 21:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 2:16 PM Sean Christopherson
<sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 12:20:45PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 11:01 AM Sean Christopherson
> > <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 09:14:10AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > > Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data is loaded.
> > >
> > > It wasn't explicitly called out in Andy's proposal(s), but the idea is
> > > that the SGX driver would effectively inherit permissions from the source
> > > VMA (EADD needs a source for the initial value of the encave page).
> >
> > I actually meant for it to *not* work like this.  I don't want the
> > source VMA to have to be VM_EXEC.  I think the LSM should just check
> > permissions on ->vm_file.
>
> But if ->vm_file is NULL, i.e. the enclave is not backed by a file,
> then PROCESS__EXECMEM is required (or more likely, ENCLAVE__EXECMEM).
>

If ->vm_file is NULL, then I think some privilege is needed.  I
suppose the policy could have a new lesser permission EXECUNTRUSTED
which is like EXECMOD but you can't modify it.  I'm not convinced this
is particular important.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 21:23                                                                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-05-30 21:36                                                                                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-06-03  9:12                                                                                                         ` Dr. Greg
  2019-06-03 21:08                                                                                                         ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-30 21:36 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts, Jarkko Sakkinen,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 02:23:07PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 2:16 PM Sean Christopherson
> <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 12:20:45PM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 11:01 AM Sean Christopherson
> > > <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 09:14:10AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > > > Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data is loaded.
> > > >
> > > > It wasn't explicitly called out in Andy's proposal(s), but the idea is
> > > > that the SGX driver would effectively inherit permissions from the source
> > > > VMA (EADD needs a source for the initial value of the encave page).
> > >
> > > I actually meant for it to *not* work like this.  I don't want the
> > > source VMA to have to be VM_EXEC.  I think the LSM should just check
> > > permissions on ->vm_file.
> >
> > But if ->vm_file is NULL, i.e. the enclave is not backed by a file,
> > then PROCESS__EXECMEM is required (or more likely, ENCLAVE__EXECMEM).
> >
> 
> If ->vm_file is NULL, then I think some privilege is needed.  I
> suppose the policy could have a new lesser permission EXECUNTRUSTED
> which is like EXECMOD but you can't modify it.  I'm not convinced this
> is particular important.

Assuming MRENCLAVE generated by Graphene or any other hosting scheme are
stable[1], then avoiding EXEC<whatever> means the user can effectively
whitelist what enclaves are runnable by Graphene, even if the kernel
doesn't implement security_enclave_create/init().

I agree that it probably isn't all that important, it's more of a "why
not" argument, i.e. what is gained by not using sigstruct as a proxy?

[1] What in the world is being attested if MRENCLAVE isn't stable?

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* RE: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 19:20                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-30 21:16                                                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-05-30 21:48                                                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
  2019-05-30 22:24                                                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Xing, Cedric @ 2019-05-30 21:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski, Christopherson, Sean J
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, William Roberts, Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris,
	Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux,
	Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

Hi Andy,

I'm just curious how Sean convinced you that "MAXPERM doesn't work". More specifically, I'm objecting to the statement of "the enclave loader won't know at load time whether a given EAUG-ed page will ever be executed".

I'm still new to LSM so my understanding may not be correct. But I think LSM policy defines a boundary that "loosely" restricts what a process can do. By "loosely", I mean it is usually more permissive than a process needs. For example, FILE__EXECMOD basically says there are self-modifying code in a file, but it isn't specific on which pages contain self-modifying code, hence *all* pages are allowed mprotect(RW->RX) even though only a (small) subset actually need it. LSM policies are static too, as FILE__EXECMOD is given by a system admin to be associated with the disk file, instead of being requested/programmed by any processes loading/mapping that file.

So I think the same rationale applies to enclaves. Your original idea of MAXPERM is the policy set forth by system admin and shall *never* change at runtime. If an enclave is dynamically linked and needs to bring in code pages at runtime, the admin needs to enable it by setting, say ENCLAVE__EXECMOD, in the sigstruct file. Then all EAUG'ed pages will receive RWX as MAXPERM. The process would then mprotect() selective pages to be RX but which exact set of pages doesn't concern LSM usually.

> From: Andy Lutomirski [mailto:luto@kernel.org]
> Sent: Thursday, May 30, 2019 12:21 PM
> 
> On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 11:01 AM Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
> wrote:
> >
> > On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 09:14:10AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 8:04 AM Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On 5/30/19 10:31 AM, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > > > Hi all-
> > > > >
> > > > > After an offline discussion with Sean yesterday, here are some
> > > > > updates to the user API parts of my proposal.
> > > > >
> > > > > Unfortunately, Sean convinced me that MAXPERM doesn't work the
> > > > > way I described it because, for SGX2, the enclave loader won't
> > > > > know at load time whether a given EAUG-ed page will ever be
> > > > > executed.  So here's an update.
> > > > >
> > > > > First, here are the requrements as I see them, where EXECUTE,
> > > > > EXECMOD, and EXECMEM could be substituted with other rules at
> > > > > the LSM's
> > > > > discretion:
> > > > >
> > > > >   - You can create a WX or RWX mapping if and only if you have EXECMEM.
> > > > >
> > > > >   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that has ever been
> > > > > W, you need EXECMOD.
> > > >
> > > > EXECMOD to what file? The enclave file from which the page's
> > > > content originated, the sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?
> > >
> > > I leave that decision to you :)  The user should need permission to
> > > do an execmod thing on an enclave, however that wants to be encoded.
> >
> > But that decision dictates how the SGX API handles sigstruct.  If LSMs
> > want to associate EXECMOD with sigstruct, then SGX needs to take
> > sigstruct early and hold a reference to the file for the lifetime of the enclave.
> > And if we're going to do that, the whole approach of inheriting
> > permissions from source VMAs becomes unnecessary complexity.
> >
> > > >
> > > > >   - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that came from
> > > > > EADD, you need EXECUTE on the source file.  Optionally, we could
> > > > > also permit this if you have EXECMOD.
> > > >
> > > > What is the "source file" i.e. the target of the check?  Enclave
> > > > file, sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?
> > >
> > > Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data is loaded.
> >
> > It wasn't explicitly called out in Andy's proposal(s), but the idea is
> > that the SGX driver would effectively inherit permissions from the
> > source VMA (EADD needs a source for the initial value of the encave page).
> 
> I actually meant for it to *not* work like this.  I don't want the source VMA to have to
> be VM_EXEC.  I think the LSM should just check permissions on ->vm_file.

-Cedric

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 21:48                                                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
@ 2019-05-30 22:24                                                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-05-30 22:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Xing, Cedric
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, William Roberts,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 02:48:43PM -0700, Xing, Cedric wrote:
> So I think the same rationale applies to enclaves. Your original idea of
> MAXPERM is the policy set forth by system admin and shall *never* change at
> runtime. If an enclave is dynamically linked and needs to bring in code pages
> at runtime, the admin needs to enable it by setting, say ENCLAVE__EXECMOD, in
> the sigstruct file. Then all EAUG'ed pages will receive RWX as MAXPERM. The
> process would then mprotect() selective pages to be RX but which exact set of
> pages doesn't concern LSM usually.

Because passing RWX means the enclave "requires" EXECMOD even if it never
actually does a RW->RX transition.  It's not broken per se, but at the
very least it's decidedly odd.

Dynamically detecting the EXECMOD case is not difficult and has the
advantage of simplifying userspace loaders, e.g. all EAUG pages are tagged
ALLOW_WRITE and the kernel takes care of the rest.

I *think* auditing/learning is also messed up with a MAXPERMS approach, as
mprotect() would fail (due to MAXPERMS clearing MAY_{READ,WRITE,EXEC})
before it calls security_file_mprotect().  Hooking mprotect() is the
obvious workaround, but then it's looking a lot like the new proposals.

In other words, the new proposals are rooted in the MAXPERMS concept, e.g.
MAXPERM is effectively "I want EXECMOD", which gets distilled down to
ALLOW_WRITE (or ALLOW_EXEC in Andy's proposal).

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 21:36                                                                                                       ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-06-03  9:12                                                                                                         ` Dr. Greg
  2019-06-03 21:08                                                                                                         ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Dr. Greg @ 2019-06-03  9:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts,
	Jarkko Sakkinen, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx,
	Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir,
	Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 02:36:01PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:

Good morning, I hope everyone had a pleasant weekend.

> Assuming MRENCLAVE generated by Graphene or any other hosting scheme
> are stable[1], then avoiding EXEC<whatever> means the user can
> effectively whitelist what enclaves are runnable by Graphene, even
> if the kernel doesn't implement security_enclave_create/init().
>
> I agree that it probably isn't all that important, it's more of a
> "why not" argument, i.e. what is gained by not using sigstruct as a
> proxy?
>
> [1] What in the world is being attested if MRENCLAVE isn't stable?

The cryptographic identity of the entity that signed the enclave and
generated the SIGSTRUCT.

At the risk of being the monotone in the choir, any relevant SGX
security controls require verifying the identity of whoever signed the
identity characteristics (SIGSTRUCT) of the image that initiates the
execution of an SGX TEE.  Other then verifying the initial execution
image, the MRENCLAVE value isn't all that relevant.

This issue is further evidenced by the fact that sealing data to an
enclave uses the MRSIGNER variant of ENCLU[EGETKEY] key derivation.

The current work on LSM controls seems to focus on the identity of the
entity that is requesting the image to be loaded rather then who
actually signed, and presumably authored, the code.  As I have
previously noted, with SGX2/EDMM, a platform owner may not even have
any visibility into the code that an SGX TEE may ultimately load and
execute.

Any security relevant LSM control in this space has to focus on
providing the platform owner the ability to take action based on the
contents of the SIGSTRUCT of the initiating image.  In addition to the
identity of who is requesting the image to be loaded.

Have a good week.

Dr. Greg

As always,
Dr. G.W. Wettstein, Ph.D.   Enjellic Systems Development, LLC.
4206 N. 19th Ave.           Specializing in information infra-structure
Fargo, ND  58102            development.
PH: 701-281-1686
FAX: 701-281-3949           EMAIL: greg@enjellic.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Experience is something you don't get until just after you need it."
                                -- Olivier

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 14:31                                                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-30 15:04                                                                                           ` Stephen Smalley
@ 2019-06-03 20:43                                                                                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-06-03 20:43 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Christopherson, Sean J,
	William Roberts, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 07:31:14AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
>  - To create an X mapping of an enclave page that came from EADD, you
> need EXECUTE on the source file.  Optionally, we could also permit
> this if you have EXECMOD.

Source file? EADD ioctl takes memory buffer in right now.

> And I have two design proposals.  One is static and one is dynamic.
> To implement either one, we will probably need a new .may_mprotect vm
> operation, and that operation can call an LSM hook.  Or we can give
> LSMs a way to detect that a given vm_area_struct is an enclave.  As I
> see it, this is an implementation detail that is certainly solveable.

Why VM operation and not file operation?

> EADD takes an execute_intent flag.  It calls a new hook:
> 
>   int security_enclave_load(struct vm_area_struct *source, bool execute_intent);
> 
> This hook will fail if execute_intent==true and the caller has neither
> EXECUTE, EXECMOD, nor EXECMEM.
> 
> EAUG sets execute_intent = false.
> 
> EINIT takes a sigstruct pointer.  SGX can (when initially upstreamed
> or later on once there's demand) call a new hook:
> 
>   security_enclave_init(struct sigstruct *sigstruct, struct
> vm_area_struct *source);

What is the source VMA in these callbacks? Why is @execute_intent
needed anyway as a ioctl arugment and not deduced from SECINFO?

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 15:04                                                                                           ` Stephen Smalley
  2019-05-30 16:14                                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-06-03 20:47                                                                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-06-03 20:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Stephen Smalley
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Xing, Cedric, Christopherson, Sean J,
	William Roberts, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 11:04:24AM -0400, Stephen Smalley wrote:
> Does this occur for both setting initial permissions and runtime permissions
> or just runtime? Both userspace- and driver-initiated mmap/mprotect
> operations or just userspace-initiated ones?  Does the driver use interfaces
> that call the mmap/mprotect hooks or lower level functions?

The driver never initiates mmap() or mprotect().

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 16:14                                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
  2019-05-30 18:01                                                                                               ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-06-03 20:54                                                                                               ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-06-03 21:23                                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-06-03 21:37                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-06-03 20:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andy Lutomirski
  Cc: Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Christopherson, Sean J,
	William Roberts, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 09:14:10AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > What is the "source file" i.e. the target of the check?  Enclave file,
> > sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?
> 
> Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data
> is loaded.

Wonder why KVM gets away without having this given that enclaves are
lot alike VMs.

> It's provided by userspace based on whether it thinks the data in
> question is enclave code.  source->vm_file is the file from which the
> code is being loaded.  I'm assuming that the user code will only set
> excute_intent ==true if it actually wants to execute the code, so, if
> there's a denial, it will be fatal.  The normal case will be that the
> request will be granted on the basis of EXECUTE.

AFAIK user spaces tells that already with the SECINFO flags. I don't
get why we need a duplicate parameter.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 18:01                                                                                               ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-05-30 19:20                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
@ 2019-06-03 21:05                                                                                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-06-03 21:05 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 11:01:10AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
>   - Requires enclave builder to mark enclave pages executable in the
>     non-enclave VMAs, which may unnecessarily require EXECMOD on the
>     source file, or even worse, EXECMEM, and potentially increases the
>     attack surface since the file must be executable.

Enclave builder marks *non-enclave pages*? Not following.

> W^X handling:
>   - mmap() to /dev/sgx/enclave only allowed with PROT_NONE, i.e. force
>     userspace through mprotect() to simplify the kernel implementation.
>   - Add vm_ops mprotect() ops hook (I'll refer to SGX's implementation
>     as SGX.mprotect())
>   - Take explicit ALLOW_WRITE at ADD_REGION, a.k.a. EADD
>   - ADD_REGION also used to describe EAUG region (tentatively for SGX2).
>   - Track "can be written at some point in time (past or future)" as
>     ALLOW_WRITE (to avoid confusiong with MAY_WRITE).  A priori knowledge
>     of writability avoids having to track/coordinate PROT_WRITE across
>     VMAs and MMs.

Still not sure why you want to use vm_ops instead of file_operations.

The approach I've been proposing earlier in this email thread before
these new proposals can be summarized from hook perspective as:

- Allow mmap() only before ECREATE and require it to be size
  of the ELRANGE (ECREATE ioctl would check this). This would
  be with PROT_NONE.
- Disallow mprotect() before EINIT. Requires a new callback
  to file_operations like mmap() has.
- After EINIT check for each mprotect() that it matches the
  permissions of underlying enclave pages. Disallow mmap()
  after EINIT.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-05-30 21:36                                                                                                       ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-06-03  9:12                                                                                                         ` Dr. Greg
@ 2019-06-03 21:08                                                                                                         ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-06-03 21:08 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 02:36:01PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> Assuming MRENCLAVE generated by Graphene or any other hosting scheme are
> stable[1], then avoiding EXEC<whatever> means the user can effectively
> whitelist what enclaves are runnable by Graphene, even if the kernel
> doesn't implement security_enclave_create/init().
> 
> I agree that it probably isn't all that important, it's more of a "why
> not" argument, i.e. what is gained by not using sigstruct as a proxy?
> 
> [1] What in the world is being attested if MRENCLAVE isn't stable?

If I've understood correctly, Graphene uses a single loader enclave
that loads the executable in.

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-06-03 20:54                                                                                               ` Jarkko Sakkinen
@ 2019-06-03 21:23                                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
  2019-06-04 11:39                                                                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-06-03 21:37                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 127+ messages in thread
From: Sean Christopherson @ 2019-06-03 21:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jarkko Sakkinen
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Mon, Jun 03, 2019 at 11:54:05PM +0300, Jarkko Sakkinen wrote:
> On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 09:14:10AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > What is the "source file" i.e. the target of the check?  Enclave file,
> > > sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?
> > 
> > Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data
> > is loaded.
> 
> Wonder why KVM gets away without having this given that enclaves are
> lot alike VMs.

From a memory management perspective, VMs are not at all like enclaves.
An enclave is an extension of its host, i.e. runs in the same address.
This isn't strictly necessary, e.g. an enclave could run in a sandbox
process, but even then the enclave will be running with the kernel's
standard page tables.

A VM is a essentially an opaque blob of data that gets loaded into memory.
KVM builds a completely different set of page tables for the VM, the VM
has it's own file system (or perhaps doesn't have a file system at all),
etc...  Ignoring Spectre and L1TF, the VM is contained to its own world.

There are a lot of ways for a userspace VMM to expose things beyond raw
memory, but doing so requires the appropriate permissions.

And practically speaking, all traditional VMs will effectively need RWX
memory, i.e. Qemu (or any other userspace VMM) would be required to have
EXECMEM permissions, which would be a net negative for security.

> > It's provided by userspace based on whether it thinks the data in
> > question is enclave code.  source->vm_file is the file from which the
> > code is being loaded.  I'm assuming that the user code will only set
> > excute_intent ==true if it actually wants to execute the code, so, if
> > there's a denial, it will be fatal.  The normal case will be that the
> > request will be granted on the basis of EXECUTE.
> 
> AFAIK user spaces tells that already with the SECINFO flags. I don't
> get why we need a duplicate parameter.

Please read through the RFC, I think it address a lot of your questions.
Hopefully that will help us avoid some thrash.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-06-03 20:54                                                                                               ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  2019-06-03 21:23                                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-06-03 21:37                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Andy Lutomirski @ 2019-06-03 21:37 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jarkko Sakkinen
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, Christopherson,
	Sean J, William Roberts, James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List,
	Paul Moore, Eric Paris, selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave,
	Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg, Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML,
	linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman, npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge,
	Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao, Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai,
	Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett, Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Mon, Jun 3, 2019 at 1:54 PM Jarkko Sakkinen
<jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, May 30, 2019 at 09:14:10AM -0700, Andy Lutomirski wrote:
> > > What is the "source file" i.e. the target of the check?  Enclave file,
> > > sigstruct file, or /dev/sgx/enclave?
> >
> > Enclave file -- that is, the file backing the vma from which the data
> > is loaded.
>
> Wonder why KVM gets away without having this given that enclaves are
> lot alike VMs.
>

I would argue it's because access to /dev/kvm means you can execute
whatever you code you want in a VM.  I don't see how this is
avoidable. On the other hand, it would be nice for SGX to not imply
this same sort of "execute anything" right, especially since, unlike
KVM, SGX is not a sandbox.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

* Re: SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support)
  2019-06-03 21:23                                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
@ 2019-06-04 11:39                                                                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 127+ messages in thread
From: Jarkko Sakkinen @ 2019-06-04 11:39 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Sean Christopherson
  Cc: Andy Lutomirski, Stephen Smalley, Xing, Cedric, William Roberts,
	James Morris, Serge E. Hallyn, LSM List, Paul Moore, Eric Paris,
	selinux, Jethro Beekman, Hansen, Dave, Thomas Gleixner, Dr. Greg,
	Linus Torvalds, LKML, X86 ML, linux-sgx, Andrew Morton, nhorman,
	npmccallum, Ayoun, Serge, Katz-zamir, Shay, Huang, Haitao,
	Andy Shevchenko, Svahn, Kai, Borislav Petkov, Josh Triplett,
	Huang, Kai, David Rientjes

On Mon, Jun 03, 2019 at 02:23:36PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> Please read through the RFC, I think it address a lot of your questions.
> Hopefully that will help us avoid some thrash.

I promise to read it through with detail albeit I just said that as a
patch set it is broken :-) Internals still need documentation tho...

/Jarkko

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 127+ messages in thread

end of thread, other threads:[~2019-06-04 11:40 UTC | newest]

Thread overview: 127+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
     [not found] <8fe520bb-30bd-f246-a3d8-c5443e47a014@intel.com>
     [not found] ` <358e9b36-230f-eb18-efdb-b472be8438b4@fortanix.com>
     [not found]   ` <960B34DE67B9E140824F1DCDEC400C0F4E886094@ORSMSX116.amr.corp.intel.com>
     [not found]     ` <6da269d8-7ebb-4177-b6a7-50cc5b435cf4@fortanix.com>
     [not found]       ` <CALCETrWCZQwg-TUCm58DVG43=xCKRsMe1tVHrR8vdt06hf4fWA@mail.gmail.com>
     [not found]         ` <20190513102926.GD8743@linux.intel.com>
     [not found]           ` <20190514104323.GA7591@linux.intel.com>
     [not found]             ` <CALCETrVbgTCnPo=PAq0-KoaRwt--urrPzn==quAJ8wodCpkBkw@mail.gmail.com>
     [not found]               ` <20190514204527.GC1977@linux.intel.com>
     [not found]                 ` <CALCETrX6aL367mMJh5+Y1Seznfu-AvhPV6P7GkWF4Dhu0GV8cw@mail.gmail.com>
     [not found]                   ` <20190515013031.GF1977@linux.intel.com>
2019-05-15 18:27                     ` SGX vs LSM (Re: [PATCH v20 00/28] Intel SGX1 support) Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-15 19:58                       ` James Morris
2019-05-15 20:35                         ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-15 22:46                           ` James Morris
2019-05-15 23:13                             ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-16  3:03                               ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-16  4:40                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-16 22:23                                   ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-17  0:35                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-17  1:06                                       ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-17  1:21                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-17 16:05                                       ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17 13:53                                     ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-17 15:09                                       ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17 16:20                                         ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-17 16:24                                           ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-17 16:37                                           ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-17 17:12                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-17 18:05                                               ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-17 19:20                                                 ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-17 19:28                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17 20:09                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-17 20:14                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-17 20:34                                                       ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-17 21:36                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17 17:29                                             ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17 17:42                                               ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-17 17:50                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17 18:16                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-17 17:43                                               ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-17 17:55                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17 18:04                                                   ` Linus Torvalds
2019-05-17 18:21                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17 18:33                                                       ` Linus Torvalds
2019-05-17 18:52                                                         ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17 18:53                                                       ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-16  7:24                               ` James Morris
2019-05-16 21:00                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-20  9:38                                 ` Dr. Greg
2019-05-15 21:38                       ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-16  1:19                         ` Haitao Huang
2019-05-16  5:16                       ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-16 21:02                         ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-16 22:45                           ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-16 23:29                             ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-20 11:29                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-20 11:33                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-17  0:03                       ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-17  0:26                         ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-17 15:41                           ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-20 11:42                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-20 11:41                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-21 15:19                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-21 15:24                               ` Jethro Beekman
2019-05-22 13:10                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-21 15:51                               ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-22 13:20                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-22 13:22                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-22 13:56                                     ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-22 15:38                                       ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-22 22:42                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-23  2:35                                           ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-23 10:26                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-23 14:17                                               ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-23 15:38                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-23 23:40                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-24  1:17                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-24  7:24                                                       ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-24 15:41                                                         ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-24 16:57                                                           ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-24 17:42                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-24 17:56                                                               ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-24 17:54                                                             ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-24 18:34                                                               ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-24 19:13                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-24 19:30                                                                   ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-24 20:42                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-24 21:11                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-24 19:37                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-24 20:03                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-24 20:58                                                                     ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-24 21:27                                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-24 22:41                                                                       ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-24 23:42                                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-25 22:40                                                                           ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-26  0:57                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-26  6:09                                                                               ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-28 20:24                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-28 20:48                                                                                   ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-28 21:41                                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-30  5:38                                                                                       ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-30 17:21                                                                                         ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-29 14:08                                                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-30  6:12                                                                                     ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-30 14:22                                                                                       ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-30 14:31                                                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-30 15:04                                                                                           ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-30 16:14                                                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-30 18:01                                                                                               ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-30 19:20                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-30 21:16                                                                                                   ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-30 21:23                                                                                                     ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-30 21:36                                                                                                       ` Sean Christopherson
2019-06-03  9:12                                                                                                         ` Dr. Greg
2019-06-03 21:08                                                                                                         ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-30 21:48                                                                                                   ` Xing, Cedric
2019-05-30 22:24                                                                                                     ` Sean Christopherson
2019-06-03 21:05                                                                                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-06-03 20:54                                                                                               ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-06-03 21:23                                                                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
2019-06-04 11:39                                                                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-06-03 21:37                                                                                                 ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-06-03 20:47                                                                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-06-03 20:43                                                                                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-25 17:31                                                                     ` Dr. Greg
2019-05-24 16:43                                                         ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-24 17:07                                                           ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-24 17:51                                                             ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-05-24 14:44                                                   ` Stephen Smalley
2019-05-27 13:48                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-23 19:58                                                 ` Sean Christopherson
2019-05-27 13:34                                                 ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-27 13:38                                                   ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-23  8:10                                           ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-23  8:23                                             ` Jarkko Sakkinen
2019-05-20 11:36                         ` Jarkko Sakkinen

This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).