[patch 03/13] memcg: sync flush only if periodic flush is delayed

[Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>]

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From: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Subject: memcg: sync flush only if periodic flush is delayed

Daniel Dao has reported [1] a regression on workloads that may trigger a
lot of refaults (anon and file).  The underlying issue is that flushing
rstat is expensive.  Although rstat flush are batched with (nr_cpus *
MEMCG_BATCH) stat updates, it seems like there are workloads which
genuinely do stat updates larger than batch value within short amount of
time.  Since the rstat flush can happen in the performance critical
codepaths like page faults, such workload can suffer greatly.

This patch fixes this regression by making the rstat flushing conditional
in the performance critical codepaths.  More specifically, the kernel
relies on the async periodic rstat flusher to flush the stats and only if
the periodic flusher is delayed by more than twice the amount of its
normal time window then the kernel allows rstat flushing from the
performance critical codepaths.

Now the question: what are the side-effects of this change?  The worst
that can happen is the refault codepath will see 4sec old lruvec stats and
may cause false (or missed) activations of the refaulted page which may
under-or-overestimate the workingset size.  Though that is not very
concerning as the kernel can already miss or do false activations.

There are two more codepaths whose flushing behavior is not changed by
this patch and we may need to come to them in future.  One is the
writeback stats used by dirty throttling and second is the deactivation
heuristic in the reclaim.  For now keeping an eye on them and if there is
report of regression due to these codepaths, we will reevaluate then.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CA+wXwBSyO87ZX5PVwdHm-=dBjZYECGmfnydUicUyrQqndgX2MQ@mail.gmail.com [1]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220304184040.1304781-1-shakeelb@google.com
Fixes: 1f828223b799 ("memcg: flush lruvec stats in the refault")
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reported-by: Daniel Dao <dqminh@cloudflare.com>
Tested-by: Ivan Babrou <ivan@cloudflare.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Frank Hofmann <fhofmann@cloudflare.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
---

 include/linux/memcontrol.h |    5 +++++
 mm/memcontrol.c            |   12 +++++++++++-
 mm/workingset.c            |    2 +-
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

--- a/include/linux/memcontrol.h~memcg-sync-flush-only-if-periodic-flush-is-delayed
+++ a/include/linux/memcontrol.h
@@ -1012,6 +1012,7 @@ static inline unsigned long lruvec_page_
 }
 
 void mem_cgroup_flush_stats(void);
+void mem_cgroup_flush_stats_delayed(void);
 
 void __mod_memcg_lruvec_state(struct lruvec *lruvec, enum node_stat_item idx,
 			      int val);
@@ -1455,6 +1456,10 @@ static inline void mem_cgroup_flush_stat
 {
 }
 
+static inline void mem_cgroup_flush_stats_delayed(void)
+{
+}
+
 static inline void __mod_memcg_lruvec_state(struct lruvec *lruvec,
 					    enum node_stat_item idx, int val)
 {
--- a/mm/memcontrol.c~memcg-sync-flush-only-if-periodic-flush-is-delayed
+++ a/mm/memcontrol.c
@@ -587,6 +587,9 @@ static DECLARE_DEFERRABLE_WORK(stats_flu
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(stats_flush_lock);
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, stats_updates);
 static atomic_t stats_flush_threshold = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
+static u64 flush_next_time;
+
+#define FLUSH_TIME (2UL*HZ)
 
 /*
  * Accessors to ensure that preemption is disabled on PREEMPT_RT because it can
@@ -637,6 +640,7 @@ static void __mem_cgroup_flush_stats(voi
 	if (!spin_trylock_irqsave(&stats_flush_lock, flag))
 		return;
 
+	flush_next_time = jiffies_64 + 2*FLUSH_TIME;
 	cgroup_rstat_flush_irqsafe(root_mem_cgroup->css.cgroup);
 	atomic_set(&stats_flush_threshold, 0);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&stats_flush_lock, flag);
@@ -648,10 +652,16 @@ void mem_cgroup_flush_stats(void)
 		__mem_cgroup_flush_stats();
 }
 
+void mem_cgroup_flush_stats_delayed(void)
+{
+	if (time_after64(jiffies_64, flush_next_time))
+		mem_cgroup_flush_stats();
+}
+
 static void flush_memcg_stats_dwork(struct work_struct *w)
 {
 	__mem_cgroup_flush_stats();
-	queue_delayed_work(system_unbound_wq, &stats_flush_dwork, 2UL*HZ);
+	queue_delayed_work(system_unbound_wq, &stats_flush_dwork, FLUSH_TIME);
 }
 
 /**
--- a/mm/workingset.c~memcg-sync-flush-only-if-periodic-flush-is-delayed
+++ a/mm/workingset.c
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ void workingset_refault(struct folio *fo
 
 	mod_lruvec_state(lruvec, WORKINGSET_REFAULT_BASE + file, nr);
 
-	mem_cgroup_flush_stats();
+	mem_cgroup_flush_stats_delayed();
 	/*
 	 * Compare the distance to the existing workingset size. We
 	 * don't activate pages that couldn't stay resident even if
_