linux-arm-kernel.lists.infradead.org archive mirror
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
To: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: michel@lespinasse.org, jglisse@google.com, mhocko@suse.com,
	vbabka@suse.cz,  hannes@cmpxchg.org, mgorman@suse.de,
	dave@stgolabs.net, willy@infradead.org,  liam.howlett@oracle.com,
	peterz@infradead.org, ldufour@linux.ibm.com,
	 laurent.dufour@fr.ibm.com, paulmck@kernel.org, luto@kernel.org,
	 songliubraving@fb.com, peterx@redhat.com, david@redhat.com,
	 dhowells@redhat.com, hughd@google.com, bigeasy@linutronix.de,
	 kent.overstreet@linux.dev, rientjes@google.com,
	axelrasmussen@google.com,  joelaf@google.com, minchan@google.com,
	surenb@google.com,  kernel-team@android.com, linux-mm@kvack.org,
	 linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
	linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org,  x86@kernel.org,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [RFC PATCH RESEND 13/28] mm: conditionally mark VMA as locked in free_pgtables and unmap_page_range
Date: Thu,  1 Sep 2022 10:35:01 -0700	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20220901173516.702122-14-surenb@google.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20220901173516.702122-1-surenb@google.com>

free_pgtables and unmap_page_range functions can be called with mmap_lock
held for write (e.g. in mmap_region), held for read (e.g in
madvise_pageout) or not held at all (e.g in madvise_remove might
drop mmap_lock before calling vfs_fallocate, which ends up calling
unmap_page_range).
Provide free_pgtables and unmap_page_range with additional argument
indicating whether to mark the VMA as locked or not based on the usage.
The parameter is set based on whether mmap_lock is held in write mode
during the call. This ensures no change in behavior between mmap_lock
and per-vma locks.

Signed-off-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
---
 include/linux/mm.h |  2 +-
 mm/internal.h      |  4 ++--
 mm/memory.c        | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 mm/mmap.c          | 17 +++++++++--------
 mm/oom_kill.c      |  3 ++-
 5 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 476bf936c5f0..dc72be923e5b 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -1874,7 +1874,7 @@ void zap_vma_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
 void zap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
 		    unsigned long size);
 void unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *start_vma,
-		unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
+		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, bool lock_vma);
 
 struct mmu_notifier_range;
 
diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h
index 785409805ed7..e6c0f999e0cb 100644
--- a/mm/internal.h
+++ b/mm/internal.h
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ bool __folio_end_writeback(struct folio *folio);
 void deactivate_file_folio(struct folio *folio);
 
 void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *start_vma,
-		unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling);
+		unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling, bool lock_vma);
 void pmd_install(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, pgtable_t *pte);
 
 struct zap_details;
 void unmap_page_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 			     struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			     unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
-			     struct zap_details *details);
+			     struct zap_details *details, bool lock_vma);
 
 void page_cache_ra_order(struct readahead_control *, struct file_ra_state *,
 		unsigned int order);
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 4ba73f5aa8bb..9ac9944e8c62 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ void free_pgd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 }
 
 void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
-		unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling)
+		unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling, bool lock_vma)
 {
 	while (vma) {
 		struct vm_area_struct *next = vma->vm_next;
@@ -413,6 +413,8 @@ void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		 * Hide vma from rmap and truncate_pagecache before freeing
 		 * pgtables
 		 */
+		if (lock_vma)
+			vma_mark_locked(vma);
 		unlink_anon_vmas(vma);
 		unlink_file_vma(vma);
 
@@ -427,6 +429,8 @@ void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			       && !is_vm_hugetlb_page(next)) {
 				vma = next;
 				next = vma->vm_next;
+				if (lock_vma)
+					vma_mark_locked(vma);
 				unlink_anon_vmas(vma);
 				unlink_file_vma(vma);
 			}
@@ -1631,12 +1635,16 @@ static inline unsigned long zap_p4d_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 void unmap_page_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 			     struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			     unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
-			     struct zap_details *details)
+			     struct zap_details *details,
+			     bool lock_vma)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
 	unsigned long next;
 
 	BUG_ON(addr >= end);
+	if (lock_vma)
+		vma_mark_locked(vma);
+
 	tlb_start_vma(tlb, vma);
 	pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, addr);
 	do {
@@ -1652,7 +1660,7 @@ void unmap_page_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 static void unmap_single_vma(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr,
 		unsigned long end_addr,
-		struct zap_details *details)
+		struct zap_details *details, bool lock_vma)
 {
 	unsigned long start = max(vma->vm_start, start_addr);
 	unsigned long end;
@@ -1691,7 +1699,7 @@ static void unmap_single_vma(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 				i_mmap_unlock_write(vma->vm_file->f_mapping);
 			}
 		} else
-			unmap_page_range(tlb, vma, start, end, details);
+			unmap_page_range(tlb, vma, start, end, details, lock_vma);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1715,7 +1723,7 @@ static void unmap_single_vma(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
  */
 void unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr,
-		unsigned long end_addr)
+		unsigned long end_addr, bool lock_vma)
 {
 	struct mmu_notifier_range range;
 	struct zap_details details = {
@@ -1728,7 +1736,8 @@ void unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 				start_addr, end_addr);
 	mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
 	for ( ; vma && vma->vm_start < end_addr; vma = vma->vm_next)
-		unmap_single_vma(tlb, vma, start_addr, end_addr, &details);
+		unmap_single_vma(tlb, vma, start_addr, end_addr, &details,
+				 lock_vma);
 	mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
 }
 
@@ -1753,7 +1762,7 @@ void zap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
 	update_hiwater_rss(vma->vm_mm);
 	mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
 	for ( ; vma && vma->vm_start < range.end; vma = vma->vm_next)
-		unmap_single_vma(&tlb, vma, start, range.end, NULL);
+		unmap_single_vma(&tlb, vma, start, range.end, NULL, false);
 	mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
 	tlb_finish_mmu(&tlb);
 }
@@ -1768,7 +1777,7 @@ void zap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
  * The range must fit into one VMA.
  */
 static void zap_page_range_single(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
-		unsigned long size, struct zap_details *details)
+		unsigned long size, struct zap_details *details, bool lock_vma)
 {
 	struct mmu_notifier_range range;
 	struct mmu_gather tlb;
@@ -1779,7 +1788,7 @@ static void zap_page_range_single(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr
 	tlb_gather_mmu(&tlb, vma->vm_mm);
 	update_hiwater_rss(vma->vm_mm);
 	mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
-	unmap_single_vma(&tlb, vma, address, range.end, details);
+	unmap_single_vma(&tlb, vma, address, range.end, details, lock_vma);
 	mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
 	tlb_finish_mmu(&tlb);
 }
@@ -1802,7 +1811,7 @@ void zap_vma_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
 	    		!(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP))
 		return;
 
-	zap_page_range_single(vma, address, size, NULL);
+	zap_page_range_single(vma, address, size, NULL, true);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zap_vma_ptes);
 
@@ -3483,7 +3492,8 @@ static void unmap_mapping_range_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		unsigned long start_addr, unsigned long end_addr,
 		struct zap_details *details)
 {
-	zap_page_range_single(vma, start_addr, end_addr - start_addr, details);
+	zap_page_range_single(vma, start_addr, end_addr - start_addr, details,
+			      false);
 }
 
 static inline void unmap_mapping_range_tree(struct rb_root_cached *root,
diff --git a/mm/mmap.c b/mm/mmap.c
index 121544fd90de..094678b4434b 100644
--- a/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/mm/mmap.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ core_param(ignore_rlimit_data, ignore_rlimit_data, bool, 0644);
 
 static void unmap_region(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_area_struct *prev,
-		unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
+		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, bool lock_vma);
 
 static pgprot_t vm_pgprot_modify(pgprot_t oldprot, unsigned long vm_flags)
 {
@@ -1866,7 +1866,7 @@ unsigned long mmap_region(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
 	vma->vm_file = NULL;
 
 	/* Undo any partial mapping done by a device driver. */
-	unmap_region(mm, vma, prev, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end);
+	unmap_region(mm, vma, prev, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, true);
 	if (vm_flags & VM_SHARED)
 		mapping_unmap_writable(file->f_mapping);
 free_vma:
@@ -2626,7 +2626,7 @@ static void remove_vma_list(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
  */
 static void unmap_region(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_area_struct *prev,
-		unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
+		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, bool lock_vma)
 {
 	struct vm_area_struct *next = vma_next(mm, prev);
 	struct mmu_gather tlb;
@@ -2634,9 +2634,10 @@ static void unmap_region(struct mm_struct *mm,
 	lru_add_drain();
 	tlb_gather_mmu(&tlb, mm);
 	update_hiwater_rss(mm);
-	unmap_vmas(&tlb, vma, start, end);
+	unmap_vmas(&tlb, vma, start, end, lock_vma);
 	free_pgtables(&tlb, vma, prev ? prev->vm_end : FIRST_USER_ADDRESS,
-				 next ? next->vm_start : USER_PGTABLES_CEILING);
+				 next ? next->vm_start : USER_PGTABLES_CEILING,
+				 lock_vma);
 	tlb_finish_mmu(&tlb);
 }
 
@@ -2849,7 +2850,7 @@ int __do_munmap(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start, size_t len,
 	if (downgrade)
 		mmap_write_downgrade(mm);
 
-	unmap_region(mm, vma, prev, start, end);
+	unmap_region(mm, vma, prev, start, end, !downgrade);
 
 	/* Fix up all other VM information */
 	remove_vma_list(mm, vma);
@@ -3129,8 +3130,8 @@ void exit_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm)
 	tlb_gather_mmu_fullmm(&tlb, mm);
 	/* update_hiwater_rss(mm) here? but nobody should be looking */
 	/* Use -1 here to ensure all VMAs in the mm are unmapped */
-	unmap_vmas(&tlb, vma, 0, -1);
-	free_pgtables(&tlb, vma, FIRST_USER_ADDRESS, USER_PGTABLES_CEILING);
+	unmap_vmas(&tlb, vma, 0, -1, true);
+	free_pgtables(&tlb, vma, FIRST_USER_ADDRESS, USER_PGTABLES_CEILING, true);
 	tlb_finish_mmu(&tlb);
 
 	/* Walk the list again, actually closing and freeing it. */
diff --git a/mm/oom_kill.c b/mm/oom_kill.c
index 3c6cf9e3cd66..6ffa7c511aa3 100644
--- a/mm/oom_kill.c
+++ b/mm/oom_kill.c
@@ -549,7 +549,8 @@ bool __oom_reap_task_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
 				ret = false;
 				continue;
 			}
-			unmap_page_range(&tlb, vma, range.start, range.end, NULL);
+			unmap_page_range(&tlb, vma, range.start, range.end,
+					 NULL, false);
 			mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
 			tlb_finish_mmu(&tlb);
 		}
-- 
2.37.2.789.g6183377224-goog


_______________________________________________
linux-arm-kernel mailing list
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/linux-arm-kernel

  parent reply	other threads:[~2022-09-01 18:07 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 91+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2022-09-01 17:34 [RFC PATCH RESEND 00/28] per-VMA locks proposal Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 01/28] mm: introduce CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 02/28] mm: rcu safe VMA freeing Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 03/28] mm: introduce __find_vma to be used without mmap_lock protection Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 20:22   ` Kent Overstreet
2022-09-01 23:18     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 04/28] mm: move mmap_lock assert function definitions Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 20:24   ` Kent Overstreet
2022-09-01 20:51     ` Liam Howlett
2022-09-01 23:21       ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-02  6:23     ` Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
2022-09-02 17:46       ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 05/28] mm: add per-VMA lock and helper functions to control it Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 13:46   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-06 17:24     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 06/28] mm: mark VMA as locked whenever vma->vm_flags are modified Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 14:26   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-06 19:00     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 20:00       ` Liam Howlett
2022-09-06 20:13         ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 07/28] kernel/fork: mark VMAs as locked before copying pages during fork Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 14:37   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-08 23:57     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 13:27       ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09 16:29         ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 08/28] mm/khugepaged: mark VMA as locked while collapsing a hugepage Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 14:43   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09  0:15     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 09/28] mm/mempolicy: mark VMA as locked when changing protection policy Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 14:47   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09  0:27     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 10/28] mm/mmap: mark VMAs as locked in vma_adjust Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 15:35   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09  0:51     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 15:52       ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-01 17:34 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 11/28] mm/mmap: mark VMAs as locked before merging or splitting them Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 15:44   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 12/28] mm/mremap: mark VMA as locked while remapping it to a new address range Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 16:09   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-01 17:35 ` Suren Baghdasaryan [this message]
2022-09-09 10:33   ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 13/28] mm: conditionally mark VMA as locked in free_pgtables and unmap_page_range Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09 16:43     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 14/28] mm: mark VMAs as locked before isolating them Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 13:35   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09 16:28     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 15/28] mm/mmap: mark adjacent VMAs as locked if they can grow into unmapped area Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 13:43   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09 16:25     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 16/28] kernel/fork: assert no VMA readers during its destruction Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 13:56   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09 16:19     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 17/28] mm/mmap: prevent pagefault handler from racing with mmu_notifier registration Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 14:20   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09 16:12     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 18/28] mm: add FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK flag Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 14:26   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 19/28] mm: disallow do_swap_page to handle page faults under VMA lock Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 19:39   ` Peter Xu
2022-09-06 20:08     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-06 20:22       ` Peter Xu
2022-09-07  0:58         ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 14:26   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 20/28] mm: introduce per-VMA lock statistics Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 14:28   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09 16:11     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 21/28] mm: introduce find_and_lock_anon_vma to be used from arch-specific code Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 14:38   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09 16:10     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 22/28] x86/mm: try VMA lock-based page fault handling first Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 23/28] x86/mm: define ARCH_SUPPORTS_PER_VMA_LOCK Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 20:20   ` Kent Overstreet
2022-09-01 23:17     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 24/28] arm64/mm: try VMA lock-based page fault handling first Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 25/28] arm64/mm: define ARCH_SUPPORTS_PER_VMA_LOCK Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 26/28] powerc/mm: try VMA lock-based page fault handling first Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 27/28] powerpc/mm: define ARCH_SUPPORTS_PER_VMA_LOCK Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-01 17:35 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 28/28] kernel/fork: throttle call_rcu() calls in vm_area_free Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 15:19   ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-09 16:02     ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-09 16:14       ` Laurent Dufour
2022-09-01 20:58 ` [RFC PATCH RESEND 00/28] per-VMA locks proposal Kent Overstreet
2022-09-01 23:26   ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-11  9:35     ` Vlastimil Babka
2022-09-28  2:28       ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-29 11:18         ` Vlastimil Babka
2022-09-02  7:42 ` Peter Zijlstra
2022-09-02 14:45   ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-05 12:32 ` Michal Hocko
2022-09-05 18:32   ` Suren Baghdasaryan
2022-09-05 20:35     ` Kent Overstreet
2022-09-06 15:46       ` Suren Baghdasaryan

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20220901173516.702122-14-surenb@google.com \
    --to=surenb@google.com \
    --cc=akpm@linux-foundation.org \
    --cc=axelrasmussen@google.com \
    --cc=bigeasy@linutronix.de \
    --cc=dave@stgolabs.net \
    --cc=david@redhat.com \
    --cc=dhowells@redhat.com \
    --cc=hannes@cmpxchg.org \
    --cc=hughd@google.com \
    --cc=jglisse@google.com \
    --cc=joelaf@google.com \
    --cc=kent.overstreet@linux.dev \
    --cc=kernel-team@android.com \
    --cc=laurent.dufour@fr.ibm.com \
    --cc=ldufour@linux.ibm.com \
    --cc=liam.howlett@oracle.com \
    --cc=linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
    --cc=linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org \
    --cc=luto@kernel.org \
    --cc=mgorman@suse.de \
    --cc=mhocko@suse.com \
    --cc=michel@lespinasse.org \
    --cc=minchan@google.com \
    --cc=paulmck@kernel.org \
    --cc=peterx@redhat.com \
    --cc=peterz@infradead.org \
    --cc=rientjes@google.com \
    --cc=songliubraving@fb.com \
    --cc=vbabka@suse.cz \
    --cc=willy@infradead.org \
    --cc=x86@kernel.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).