[PATCH v2] riscv: mm: Pre-allocate PGD entries for vmalloc/modules area

[PATCH v2] riscv: mm: Pre-allocate PGD entries for vmalloc/modules area

[Björn Töpel]

From: Björn Töpel <bjorn@rivosinc.com>

The RISC-V port requires that kernel PGD entries are to be
synchronized between MMs. This is done via the vmalloc_fault()
function, that simply copies the PGD entries from init_mm to the
faulting one.

Historically, faulting in PGD entries have been a source for both bugs
[1], and poor performance.

One way to get rid of vmalloc faults is by pre-allocating the PGD
entries. Pre-allocating the entries potientially wastes 64 * 4K (65 on
SV39). The pre-allocation function is pulled from Jörg Rödel's x86
work, with the addition of 3-level page tables (PMD allocations).

The pmd_alloc() function needs the ptlock cache to be initialized
(when split page locks is enabled), so the pre-allocation is done in a
RISC-V specific pgtable_cache_init() implementation.

Pre-allocate the kernel PGD entries for the vmalloc/modules area, but
only for 64b platforms.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200508144043.13893-1-joro@8bytes.org/ # [1]
Signed-off-by: Björn Töpel <bjorn@rivosinc.com>
---
v1->v2: Fixed broken !MMU build.
---
arch/riscv/mm/fault.c | 16 ++----------
 arch/riscv/mm/init.c  | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/fault.c b/arch/riscv/mm/fault.c
index 8685f85a7474..b023fb311e28 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/mm/fault.c
@@ -238,24 +238,12 @@ void handle_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs)
 	 * only copy the information from the master page table,
 	 * nothing more.
 	 */
-	if (unlikely((addr >= VMALLOC_START) && (addr < VMALLOC_END))) {
+	if ((!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MMU) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT)) &&
+	    unlikely(addr >= VMALLOC_START && addr < VMALLOC_END)) {
 		vmalloc_fault(regs, code, addr);
 		return;
 	}
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
-	/*
-	 * Modules in 64bit kernels lie in their own virtual region which is not
-	 * in the vmalloc region, but dealing with page faults in this region
-	 * or the vmalloc region amounts to doing the same thing: checking that
-	 * the mapping exists in init_mm.pgd and updating user page table, so
-	 * just use vmalloc_fault.
-	 */
-	if (unlikely(addr >= MODULES_VADDR && addr < MODULES_END)) {
-		vmalloc_fault(regs, code, addr);
-		return;
-	}
-#endif
 	/* Enable interrupts if they were enabled in the parent context. */
 	if (!regs_irqs_disabled(regs))
 		local_irq_enable();
diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
index 747e5b1ef02d..45ceaff5679e 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
@@ -1363,3 +1363,61 @@ int __meminit vmemmap_populate(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int node,
 	return vmemmap_populate_basepages(start, end, node, NULL);
 }
 #endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+/*
+ * Pre-allocates page-table pages for a specific area in the kernel
+ * page-table. Only the level which needs to be synchronized between
+ * all page-tables is allocated because the synchronization can be
+ * expensive.
+ */
+static void __init preallocate_pgd_pages_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+					       const char *area)
+{
+	unsigned long addr;
+	const char *lvl;
+
+	for (addr = start; addr < end && addr >= start; addr = ALIGN(addr + 1, PGDIR_SIZE)) {
+		pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
+		p4d_t *p4d;
+		pud_t *pud;
+		pmd_t *pmd;
+
+		lvl = "p4d";
+		p4d = p4d_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, addr);
+		if (!p4d)
+			goto failed;
+
+		if (pgtable_l5_enabled)
+			continue;
+
+		lvl = "pud";
+		pud = pud_alloc(&init_mm, p4d, addr);
+		if (!pud)
+			goto failed;
+
+		if (pgtable_l4_enabled)
+			continue;
+
+		lvl = "pmd";
+		pmd = pmd_alloc(&init_mm, pud, addr);
+		if (!pmd)
+			goto failed;
+	}
+	return;
+
+failed:
+	/*
+	 * The pages have to be there now or they will be missing in
+	 * process page-tables later.
+	 */
+	panic("Failed to pre-allocate %s pages for %s area\n", lvl, area);
+}
+
+void __init pgtable_cache_init(void)
+{
+	preallocate_pgd_pages_range(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END, "vmalloc");
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES))
+		preallocate_pgd_pages_range(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END, "bpf/modules");
+}
+#endif

base-commit: ac9a78681b921877518763ba0e89202254349d1b
-- 
2.39.2


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Re: [PATCH v2] riscv: mm: Pre-allocate PGD entries for vmalloc/modules area

[Alexandre Ghiti]

Hi Björn,

On 31/05/2023 11:38, Björn Töpel wrote:
> From: Björn Töpel <bjorn@rivosinc.com>
>
> The RISC-V port requires that kernel PGD entries are to be
> synchronized between MMs. This is done via the vmalloc_fault()
> function, that simply copies the PGD entries from init_mm to the
> faulting one.
>
> Historically, faulting in PGD entries have been a source for both bugs
> [1], and poor performance.
>
> One way to get rid of vmalloc faults is by pre-allocating the PGD
> entries. Pre-allocating the entries potientially wastes 64 * 4K (65 on
> SV39). The pre-allocation function is pulled from Jörg Rödel's x86
> work, with the addition of 3-level page tables (PMD allocations).
>
> The pmd_alloc() function needs the ptlock cache to be initialized
> (when split page locks is enabled), so the pre-allocation is done in a
> RISC-V specific pgtable_cache_init() implementation.
>
> Pre-allocate the kernel PGD entries for the vmalloc/modules area, but
> only for 64b platforms.
>
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200508144043.13893-1-joro@8bytes.org/ # [1]
> Signed-off-by: Björn Töpel <bjorn@rivosinc.com>
> ---
> v1->v2: Fixed broken !MMU build.
> ---
> arch/riscv/mm/fault.c | 16 ++----------
>   arch/riscv/mm/init.c  | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   2 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/fault.c b/arch/riscv/mm/fault.c
> index 8685f85a7474..b023fb311e28 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/mm/fault.c
> +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/fault.c
> @@ -238,24 +238,12 @@ void handle_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs)
>   	 * only copy the information from the master page table,
>   	 * nothing more.
>   	 */
> -	if (unlikely((addr >= VMALLOC_START) && (addr < VMALLOC_END))) {
> +	if ((!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MMU) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT)) &&
> +	    unlikely(addr >= VMALLOC_START && addr < VMALLOC_END)) {
>   		vmalloc_fault(regs, code, addr);
>   		return;
>   	}
>   
> -#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
> -	/*
> -	 * Modules in 64bit kernels lie in their own virtual region which is not
> -	 * in the vmalloc region, but dealing with page faults in this region
> -	 * or the vmalloc region amounts to doing the same thing: checking that
> -	 * the mapping exists in init_mm.pgd and updating user page table, so
> -	 * just use vmalloc_fault.
> -	 */
> -	if (unlikely(addr >= MODULES_VADDR && addr < MODULES_END)) {
> -		vmalloc_fault(regs, code, addr);
> -		return;
> -	}
> -#endif
>   	/* Enable interrupts if they were enabled in the parent context. */
>   	if (!regs_irqs_disabled(regs))
>   		local_irq_enable();
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
> index 747e5b1ef02d..45ceaff5679e 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
> +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
> @@ -1363,3 +1363,61 @@ int __meminit vmemmap_populate(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int node,
>   	return vmemmap_populate_basepages(start, end, node, NULL);
>   }
>   #endif
> +
> +#if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
> +/*
> + * Pre-allocates page-table pages for a specific area in the kernel
> + * page-table. Only the level which needs to be synchronized between
> + * all page-tables is allocated because the synchronization can be
> + * expensive.
> + */
> +static void __init preallocate_pgd_pages_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
> +					       const char *area)
> +{
> +	unsigned long addr;
> +	const char *lvl;
> +
> +	for (addr = start; addr < end && addr >= start; addr = ALIGN(addr + 1, PGDIR_SIZE)) {
> +		pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
> +		p4d_t *p4d;
> +		pud_t *pud;
> +		pmd_t *pmd;
> +
> +		lvl = "p4d";
> +		p4d = p4d_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, addr);
> +		if (!p4d)
> +			goto failed;
> +
> +		if (pgtable_l5_enabled)
> +			continue;
> +
> +		lvl = "pud";
> +		pud = pud_alloc(&init_mm, p4d, addr);
> +		if (!pud)
> +			goto failed;
> +
> +		if (pgtable_l4_enabled)
> +			continue;
> +
> +		lvl = "pmd";
> +		pmd = pmd_alloc(&init_mm, pud, addr);
> +		if (!pmd)
> +			goto failed;
> +	}
> +	return;
> +
> +failed:
> +	/*
> +	 * The pages have to be there now or they will be missing in
> +	 * process page-tables later.
> +	 */
> +	panic("Failed to pre-allocate %s pages for %s area\n", lvl, area);
> +}
> +
> +void __init pgtable_cache_init(void)
> +{
> +	preallocate_pgd_pages_range(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END, "vmalloc");
> +	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES))
> +		preallocate_pgd_pages_range(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END, "bpf/modules");
> +}
> +#endif
>
> base-commit: ac9a78681b921877518763ba0e89202254349d1b


You can add:

Reviewed-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>

Thanks!

Alex


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Re: [PATCH v2] riscv: mm: Pre-allocate PGD entries for vmalloc/modules area

[patchwork-bot+linux-riscv]

Hello:

This patch was applied to riscv/linux.git (for-next)
by Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>:

On Wed, 31 May 2023 11:38:17 +0200 you wrote:
> From: Björn Töpel <bjorn@rivosinc.com>
> 
> The RISC-V port requires that kernel PGD entries are to be
> synchronized between MMs. This is done via the vmalloc_fault()
> function, that simply copies the PGD entries from init_mm to the
> faulting one.
> 
> [...]

Here is the summary with links:
  - [v2] riscv: mm: Pre-allocate PGD entries for vmalloc/modules area
    https://git.kernel.org/riscv/c/7d3332be011e

You are awesome, thank you!
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