All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
To: Conor Dooley <Conor.Dooley@microchip.com>
Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>,
	Bartosz Golaszewski <bgolaszewski@baylibre.com>,
	Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org>,
	Jassi Brar <jassisinghbrar@gmail.com>,
	Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>,
	Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>,
	Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>,
	Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>,
	Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>,
	Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>,
	Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	Lewis Hanly <Lewis.Hanly@microchip.com>,
	Daire.McNamara@microchip.com, Atish Patra <atish.patra@wdc.com>,
	Ivan.Griffin@microchip.com,
	"open list:GPIO SUBSYSTEM" <linux-gpio@vger.kernel.org>,
	"open list:OPEN FIRMWARE AND FLATTENED DEVICE TREE BINDINGS" 
	<devicetree@vger.kernel.org>,
	Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
	Linux I2C <linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org>,
	linux-riscv <linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org>,
	Linux Crypto Mailing List <linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org>,
	linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org, linux-spi <linux-spi@vger.kernel.org>,
	USB list <linux-usb@vger.kernel.org>,
	Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@canonical.com>,
	Bin Meng <bin.meng@windriver.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 12/13] riscv: icicle-kit: update microchip icicle kit device tree
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 2021 17:17:52 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <CAMuHMdUQRJHkbwj++jJBMG7QqLd5_bmzUrMzyxEd92bgZbvDYw@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <e91ebf36-5a8b-9d9f-d4f0-aa9e38e7a41f@microchip.com>

Hi Conor,

On Mon, Nov 15, 2021 at 4:39 PM <Conor.Dooley@microchip.com> wrote:
> On 10/11/2021 14:58, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
> > On Wed, Nov 10, 2021 at 3:20 PM <Conor.Dooley@microchip.com> wrote:
> >> On 09/11/2021 09:04, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
> >>> On Mon, Nov 8, 2021 at 4:07 PM <conor.dooley@microchip.com> wrote:
> >>>> From: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
> >>>>
> >>>> +&gpio2 {
> >>>> +       interrupts = <PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT>;
> >>>
> >>> Why override interrupts in the board .dts file?
> >>> Doesn't this belong in the SoC .dtsi file?
> >> The interrupt setup for the gpio isnt fixed, there is an option to
> >> either connect the individual gpio interrupts to the plic *or* they can
> >> be connected to a per gpio controller common interrupt, and it is up to
> >> the driver to read a register to determine which interrupt triggered the
> >> common/NON_DIRECT interrupt. This decision is made by a write to a
> >> system register in application code, which to us didn't seem like it
> >> belonged in the soc .dtsi.
> >
> > So it is software policy? Then it doesn't belong in the board DTS either.
>
> The write (if was to be done) would be done by the bootloader, based on
> the bitstream written to the FPGA, before even u-boot is started. By
> application I meant the bootloader (or some other bare metal
> application), not a program running in userspace in case that's what you
> interpreted. Am I incorrect in thinking that if it is set up by the
> bootloader that Linux can take it for granted?

If it is to be provided by the boot loader, the boot loader should fill
in the interrupts property, just like it already does (or should do, if it
doesn't) for /memory and chosen/bootargs.

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

                        Geert

--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
                                -- Linus Torvalds

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
To: Conor Dooley <Conor.Dooley@microchip.com>
Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>,
	 Bartosz Golaszewski <bgolaszewski@baylibre.com>,
	Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org>,
	 Jassi Brar <jassisinghbrar@gmail.com>,
	Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>,
	Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>,
	Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>,
	 Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>,
	Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>,
	 Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>,
	Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	 Lewis Hanly <Lewis.Hanly@microchip.com>,
	Daire.McNamara@microchip.com,  Atish Patra <atish.patra@wdc.com>,
	Ivan.Griffin@microchip.com,
	 "open list:GPIO SUBSYSTEM" <linux-gpio@vger.kernel.org>,
	 "open list:OPEN FIRMWARE AND FLATTENED DEVICE TREE BINDINGS"
	<devicetree@vger.kernel.org>,
	 Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
	Linux I2C <linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org>,
	 linux-riscv <linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org>,
	 Linux Crypto Mailing List <linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org>,
	linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org,  linux-spi <linux-spi@vger.kernel.org>,
	USB list <linux-usb@vger.kernel.org>,
	 Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@canonical.com>,
	Bin Meng <bin.meng@windriver.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 12/13] riscv: icicle-kit: update microchip icicle kit device tree
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 2021 17:17:52 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <CAMuHMdUQRJHkbwj++jJBMG7QqLd5_bmzUrMzyxEd92bgZbvDYw@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <e91ebf36-5a8b-9d9f-d4f0-aa9e38e7a41f@microchip.com>

Hi Conor,

On Mon, Nov 15, 2021 at 4:39 PM <Conor.Dooley@microchip.com> wrote:
> On 10/11/2021 14:58, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
> > On Wed, Nov 10, 2021 at 3:20 PM <Conor.Dooley@microchip.com> wrote:
> >> On 09/11/2021 09:04, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
> >>> On Mon, Nov 8, 2021 at 4:07 PM <conor.dooley@microchip.com> wrote:
> >>>> From: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
> >>>>
> >>>> +&gpio2 {
> >>>> +       interrupts = <PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT
> >>>> +               PLIC_INT_GPIO2_NON_DIRECT>;
> >>>
> >>> Why override interrupts in the board .dts file?
> >>> Doesn't this belong in the SoC .dtsi file?
> >> The interrupt setup for the gpio isnt fixed, there is an option to
> >> either connect the individual gpio interrupts to the plic *or* they can
> >> be connected to a per gpio controller common interrupt, and it is up to
> >> the driver to read a register to determine which interrupt triggered the
> >> common/NON_DIRECT interrupt. This decision is made by a write to a
> >> system register in application code, which to us didn't seem like it
> >> belonged in the soc .dtsi.
> >
> > So it is software policy? Then it doesn't belong in the board DTS either.
>
> The write (if was to be done) would be done by the bootloader, based on
> the bitstream written to the FPGA, before even u-boot is started. By
> application I meant the bootloader (or some other bare metal
> application), not a program running in userspace in case that's what you
> interpreted. Am I incorrect in thinking that if it is set up by the
> bootloader that Linux can take it for granted?

If it is to be provided by the boot loader, the boot loader should fill
in the interrupts property, just like it already does (or should do, if it
doesn't) for /memory and chosen/bootargs.

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

                        Geert

--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
                                -- Linus Torvalds

_______________________________________________
linux-riscv mailing list
linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org
http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/linux-riscv

  reply	other threads:[~2021-11-15 16:18 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 140+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2021-11-08 15:05 [PATCH 00/13]Update the icicle kit device tree conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05 ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 01/13] dt-bindings: interrupt-controller: create a header for RISC-V interrupts conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-23 11:07   ` Heiko Stübner
2021-11-23 11:07     ` Heiko Stübner
2021-11-23 11:35     ` Anup Patel
2021-11-23 11:35       ` Anup Patel
2021-11-29 19:57   ` Rob Herring
2021-11-29 19:57     ` Rob Herring
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 02/13] dt-bindings: interrupt-controller: add defines for mpfs-plic conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-23 11:17   ` Heiko Stübner
2021-11-23 11:17     ` Heiko Stübner
2021-11-29 19:56   ` Rob Herring
2021-11-29 19:56     ` Rob Herring
2021-11-30  8:15     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-30  8:15       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 03/13] dt-bindings: soc/microchip: update sys ctrlr compat string conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:09   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:09     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09  8:33   ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09  8:33     ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09 15:20     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 15:20       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-29 20:03   ` Rob Herring
2021-11-29 20:03     ` Rob Herring
2021-11-30  8:35     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-30  8:35       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 04/13] dt-bindings: riscv: update microchip polarfire binds conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:10   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:10     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09  8:34   ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09  8:34     ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09 12:08     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 12:08       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 13:04       ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09 13:04         ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-23 11:24         ` Heiko Stübner
2021-11-23 11:24           ` Heiko Stübner
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 05/13] dt-bindings: i2c: add bindings for microchip mpfs i2c conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:13   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:13     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09  4:06   ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09  4:06     ` Rob Herring
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 06/13] dt-bindings: rng: add bindings for microchip mpfs rng conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:16   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:16     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09 12:54     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 12:54       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 12:56       ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09 12:56         ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09 13:36         ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 13:36           ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-10  7:43           ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-10  7:43             ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-10  9:46             ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-10  9:46               ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-29 20:08               ` Rob Herring
2021-11-29 20:08                 ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09  8:37   ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09  8:37     ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09 11:55     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 11:55       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 07/13] dt-bindings: rtc: add bindings for microchip mpfs rtc conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:20   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:20     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09  4:06   ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09  4:06     ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09  8:39   ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09  8:39     ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 08/13] dt-bindings: soc/microchip: add bindings for mpfs system services conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:20   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:20     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 09/13] dt-bindings: gpio: add bindings for microchip mpfs gpio conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:22   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:22     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09  4:06   ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09  4:06     ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09  8:43   ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09  8:43     ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 10/13] dt-bindings: spi: add bindings for microchip mpfs spi conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:24   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:24     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09  4:06   ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09  4:06     ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09 12:16     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 12:16       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 12:53       ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09 12:53         ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09 12:58         ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 12:58           ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 13:04           ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09 13:04             ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09 13:20             ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 13:20               ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-10  7:45               ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-10  7:45                 ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09  8:45   ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09  8:45     ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09 10:56     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09 10:56       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 11/13] dt-bindings: usb: add bindings for microchip mpfs musb conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:27   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:27     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-09  4:06   ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09  4:06     ` Rob Herring
2021-11-09  8:48   ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09  8:48     ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 12/13] riscv: icicle-kit: update microchip icicle kit device tree conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley
2021-11-08 21:40   ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-08 21:40     ` Krzysztof Kozlowski
2021-11-10 12:07     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-10 12:07       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-09  9:04   ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-09  9:04     ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-10 14:19     ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-10 14:19       ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-10 14:58       ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-10 14:58         ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-10 15:07         ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-10 15:07           ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-15 15:39         ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-15 15:39           ` Conor.Dooley
2021-11-15 16:17           ` Geert Uytterhoeven [this message]
2021-11-15 16:17             ` Geert Uytterhoeven
2021-11-17 12:17             ` Daire.McNamara
2021-11-17 12:17               ` Daire.McNamara
2021-11-08 15:05 ` [PATCH 13/13] MAINTAINERS: update riscv/microchip entry conor.dooley
2021-11-08 15:05   ` conor.dooley

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=CAMuHMdUQRJHkbwj++jJBMG7QqLd5_bmzUrMzyxEd92bgZbvDYw@mail.gmail.com \
    --to=geert@linux-m68k.org \
    --cc=Conor.Dooley@microchip.com \
    --cc=Daire.McNamara@microchip.com \
    --cc=Ivan.Griffin@microchip.com \
    --cc=Lewis.Hanly@microchip.com \
    --cc=a.zummo@towertech.it \
    --cc=alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com \
    --cc=aou@eecs.berkeley.edu \
    --cc=atish.patra@wdc.com \
    --cc=bgolaszewski@baylibre.com \
    --cc=bin.meng@windriver.com \
    --cc=broonie@kernel.org \
    --cc=devicetree@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=gregkh@linuxfoundation.org \
    --cc=jassisinghbrar@gmail.com \
    --cc=krzysztof.kozlowski@canonical.com \
    --cc=linus.walleij@linaro.org \
    --cc=linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-gpio@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org \
    --cc=linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-spi@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-usb@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=palmer@dabbelt.com \
    --cc=paul.walmsley@sifive.com \
    --cc=robh+dt@kernel.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.