All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Gavin Shan <gshan@redhat.com>
To: kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
Cc: maz@kernel.org, sudeep.holla@arm.com, shan.gavin@gmail.com,
	catalin.marinas@arm.com, will@kernel.org,
	linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Subject: [PATCH RFCv1 3/7] kvm/arm64: Replace hsr with esr
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 18:58:16 +1000	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20200410085820.758686-4-gshan@redhat.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20200410085820.758686-1-gshan@redhat.com>

This replace the variable names to make them self-explaining. The
tracepoint isn't changed accordingly because they're part of ABI:

   * @hsr to @esr
   * @hsr_ec to @ec
   * Use kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class() helper if possible

Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <gshan@redhat.com>
---
 arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c  |  9 ++++-----
 arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c    | 30 +++++++++++++++---------------
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
index 00858db82a64..e3b3dcd5b811 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
@@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ static int kvm_handle_wfx(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
  */
 static int kvm_handle_guest_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
 {
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_DEBUG;
-	run->debug.arch.hsr = hsr;
+	run->debug.arch.hsr = esr;
 
-	switch (ESR_ELx_EC(hsr)) {
+	switch (kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr)) {
 	case ESR_ELx_EC_WATCHPT_LOW:
 		run->debug.arch.far = vcpu->arch.fault.far_el2;
 		/* fall through */
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ static int kvm_handle_guest_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
 	case ESR_ELx_EC_BRK64:
 		break;
 	default:
-		kvm_err("%s: un-handled case hsr: %#08x\n",
-			__func__, (unsigned int) hsr);
+		kvm_err("%s: un-handled case esr: %#08x\n",
+			__func__, (unsigned int)esr);
 		ret = -1;
 		break;
 	}
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ static int kvm_handle_guest_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
 
 static int kvm_handle_unknown_ec(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
 {
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
 
-	kvm_pr_unimpl("Unknown exception class: hsr: %#08x -- %s\n",
-		      hsr, esr_get_class_string(hsr));
+	kvm_pr_unimpl("Unknown exception class: esr: %#08x -- %s\n",
+		      esr, esr_get_class_string(esr));
 
 	kvm_inject_undefined(vcpu);
 	return 1;
@@ -230,10 +230,10 @@ static exit_handle_fn arm_exit_handlers[] = {
 
 static exit_handle_fn kvm_get_exit_handler(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-	u8 hsr_ec = ESR_ELx_EC(hsr);
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	u8 ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
 
-	return arm_exit_handlers[hsr_ec];
+	return arm_exit_handlers[ec];
 }
 
 /*
@@ -273,15 +273,15 @@ int handle_exit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run,
 {
 	if (ARM_SERROR_PENDING(exception_index)) {
 		u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-		u8 hsr_ec = ESR_ELx_EC(esr);
+		u8 ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
 
 		/*
 		 * HVC/SMC already have an adjusted PC, which we need
 		 * to correct in order to return to after having
 		 * injected the SError.
 		 */
-		if (hsr_ec == ESR_ELx_EC_HVC32 || hsr_ec == ESR_ELx_EC_HVC64 ||
-		    hsr_ec == ESR_ELx_EC_SMC32 || hsr_ec == ESR_ELx_EC_SMC64) {
+		if (ec == ESR_ELx_EC_HVC32 || ec == ESR_ELx_EC_HVC64 ||
+		    ec == ESR_ELx_EC_SMC32 || ec == ESR_ELx_EC_SMC64) {
 			u32 adj =  kvm_vcpu_trap_il_is32bit(esr) ? 4 : 2;
 			*vcpu_pc(vcpu) -= adj;
 		}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c
index 369f22f49f3d..7bf4840bf90e 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c
@@ -356,8 +356,8 @@ static bool __hyp_text __populate_fault_info(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 static bool __hyp_text __hyp_handle_fpsimd(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
 	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	u8 ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
 	bool vhe, sve_guest, sve_host;
-	u8 hsr_ec;
 
 	if (!system_supports_fpsimd())
 		return false;
@@ -372,14 +372,13 @@ static bool __hyp_text __hyp_handle_fpsimd(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 		vhe = has_vhe();
 	}
 
-	hsr_ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
-	if (hsr_ec != ESR_ELx_EC_FP_ASIMD &&
-	    hsr_ec != ESR_ELx_EC_SVE)
+	if (ec != ESR_ELx_EC_FP_ASIMD &&
+	    ec != ESR_ELx_EC_SVE)
 		return false;
 
 	/* Don't handle SVE traps for non-SVE vcpus here: */
 	if (!sve_guest)
-		if (hsr_ec != ESR_ELx_EC_FP_ASIMD)
+		if (ec != ESR_ELx_EC_FP_ASIMD)
 			return false;
 
 	/* Valid trap.  Switch the context: */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
index 012fff834a4b..58f81ab519af 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
@@ -2182,10 +2182,10 @@ static void unhandled_cp_access(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 				struct sys_reg_params *params)
 {
 	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-	u8 hsr_ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
+	u8 ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
 	int cp = -1;
 
-	switch(hsr_ec) {
+	switch (ec) {
 	case ESR_ELx_EC_CP15_32:
 	case ESR_ELx_EC_CP15_64:
 		cp = 15;
@@ -2216,17 +2216,17 @@ static int kvm_handle_cp_64(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 			    size_t nr_specific)
 {
 	struct sys_reg_params params;
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-	int Rt = kvm_vcpu_sys_get_rt(hsr);
-	int Rt2 = (hsr >> 10) & 0x1f;
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	int Rt = kvm_vcpu_sys_get_rt(esr);
+	int Rt2 = (esr >> 10) & 0x1f;
 
 	params.is_aarch32 = true;
 	params.is_32bit = false;
-	params.CRm = (hsr >> 1) & 0xf;
-	params.is_write = ((hsr & 1) == 0);
+	params.CRm = (esr >> 1) & 0xf;
+	params.is_write = ((esr & 1) == 0);
 
 	params.Op0 = 0;
-	params.Op1 = (hsr >> 16) & 0xf;
+	params.Op1 = (esr >> 16) & 0xf;
 	params.Op2 = 0;
 	params.CRn = 0;
 
@@ -2273,18 +2273,18 @@ static int kvm_handle_cp_32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 			    size_t nr_specific)
 {
 	struct sys_reg_params params;
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-	int Rt  = kvm_vcpu_sys_get_rt(hsr);
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	int Rt = kvm_vcpu_sys_get_rt(esr);
 
 	params.is_aarch32 = true;
 	params.is_32bit = true;
-	params.CRm = (hsr >> 1) & 0xf;
+	params.CRm = (esr >> 1) & 0xf;
 	params.regval = vcpu_get_reg(vcpu, Rt);
-	params.is_write = ((hsr & 1) == 0);
-	params.CRn = (hsr >> 10) & 0xf;
+	params.is_write = ((esr & 1) == 0);
+	params.CRn = (esr >> 10) & 0xf;
 	params.Op0 = 0;
-	params.Op1 = (hsr >> 14) & 0x7;
-	params.Op2 = (hsr >> 17) & 0x7;
+	params.Op1 = (esr >> 14) & 0x7;
+	params.Op2 = (esr >> 17) & 0x7;
 
 	if (!emulate_cp(vcpu, &params, target_specific, nr_specific) ||
 	    !emulate_cp(vcpu, &params, global, nr_global)) {
-- 
2.23.0

_______________________________________________
kvmarm mailing list
kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/kvmarm

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Gavin Shan <gshan@redhat.com>
To: kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
Cc: mark.rutland@arm.com, drjones@redhat.com, suzuki.poulose@arm.com,
	maz@kernel.org, sudeep.holla@arm.com, eric.auger@redhat.com,
	james.morse@arm.com, shan.gavin@gmail.com,
	catalin.marinas@arm.com, will@kernel.org,
	linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Subject: [PATCH RFCv1 3/7] kvm/arm64: Replace hsr with esr
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 18:58:16 +1000	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20200410085820.758686-4-gshan@redhat.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20200410085820.758686-1-gshan@redhat.com>

This replace the variable names to make them self-explaining. The
tracepoint isn't changed accordingly because they're part of ABI:

   * @hsr to @esr
   * @hsr_ec to @ec
   * Use kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class() helper if possible

Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <gshan@redhat.com>
---
 arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c  |  9 ++++-----
 arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c    | 30 +++++++++++++++---------------
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
index 00858db82a64..e3b3dcd5b811 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
@@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ static int kvm_handle_wfx(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
  */
 static int kvm_handle_guest_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
 {
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_DEBUG;
-	run->debug.arch.hsr = hsr;
+	run->debug.arch.hsr = esr;
 
-	switch (ESR_ELx_EC(hsr)) {
+	switch (kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr)) {
 	case ESR_ELx_EC_WATCHPT_LOW:
 		run->debug.arch.far = vcpu->arch.fault.far_el2;
 		/* fall through */
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ static int kvm_handle_guest_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
 	case ESR_ELx_EC_BRK64:
 		break;
 	default:
-		kvm_err("%s: un-handled case hsr: %#08x\n",
-			__func__, (unsigned int) hsr);
+		kvm_err("%s: un-handled case esr: %#08x\n",
+			__func__, (unsigned int)esr);
 		ret = -1;
 		break;
 	}
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ static int kvm_handle_guest_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
 
 static int kvm_handle_unknown_ec(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
 {
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
 
-	kvm_pr_unimpl("Unknown exception class: hsr: %#08x -- %s\n",
-		      hsr, esr_get_class_string(hsr));
+	kvm_pr_unimpl("Unknown exception class: esr: %#08x -- %s\n",
+		      esr, esr_get_class_string(esr));
 
 	kvm_inject_undefined(vcpu);
 	return 1;
@@ -230,10 +230,10 @@ static exit_handle_fn arm_exit_handlers[] = {
 
 static exit_handle_fn kvm_get_exit_handler(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-	u8 hsr_ec = ESR_ELx_EC(hsr);
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	u8 ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
 
-	return arm_exit_handlers[hsr_ec];
+	return arm_exit_handlers[ec];
 }
 
 /*
@@ -273,15 +273,15 @@ int handle_exit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run,
 {
 	if (ARM_SERROR_PENDING(exception_index)) {
 		u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-		u8 hsr_ec = ESR_ELx_EC(esr);
+		u8 ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
 
 		/*
 		 * HVC/SMC already have an adjusted PC, which we need
 		 * to correct in order to return to after having
 		 * injected the SError.
 		 */
-		if (hsr_ec == ESR_ELx_EC_HVC32 || hsr_ec == ESR_ELx_EC_HVC64 ||
-		    hsr_ec == ESR_ELx_EC_SMC32 || hsr_ec == ESR_ELx_EC_SMC64) {
+		if (ec == ESR_ELx_EC_HVC32 || ec == ESR_ELx_EC_HVC64 ||
+		    ec == ESR_ELx_EC_SMC32 || ec == ESR_ELx_EC_SMC64) {
 			u32 adj =  kvm_vcpu_trap_il_is32bit(esr) ? 4 : 2;
 			*vcpu_pc(vcpu) -= adj;
 		}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c
index 369f22f49f3d..7bf4840bf90e 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c
@@ -356,8 +356,8 @@ static bool __hyp_text __populate_fault_info(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 static bool __hyp_text __hyp_handle_fpsimd(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
 	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	u8 ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
 	bool vhe, sve_guest, sve_host;
-	u8 hsr_ec;
 
 	if (!system_supports_fpsimd())
 		return false;
@@ -372,14 +372,13 @@ static bool __hyp_text __hyp_handle_fpsimd(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 		vhe = has_vhe();
 	}
 
-	hsr_ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
-	if (hsr_ec != ESR_ELx_EC_FP_ASIMD &&
-	    hsr_ec != ESR_ELx_EC_SVE)
+	if (ec != ESR_ELx_EC_FP_ASIMD &&
+	    ec != ESR_ELx_EC_SVE)
 		return false;
 
 	/* Don't handle SVE traps for non-SVE vcpus here: */
 	if (!sve_guest)
-		if (hsr_ec != ESR_ELx_EC_FP_ASIMD)
+		if (ec != ESR_ELx_EC_FP_ASIMD)
 			return false;
 
 	/* Valid trap.  Switch the context: */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
index 012fff834a4b..58f81ab519af 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
@@ -2182,10 +2182,10 @@ static void unhandled_cp_access(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 				struct sys_reg_params *params)
 {
 	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-	u8 hsr_ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
+	u8 ec = kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(esr);
 	int cp = -1;
 
-	switch(hsr_ec) {
+	switch (ec) {
 	case ESR_ELx_EC_CP15_32:
 	case ESR_ELx_EC_CP15_64:
 		cp = 15;
@@ -2216,17 +2216,17 @@ static int kvm_handle_cp_64(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 			    size_t nr_specific)
 {
 	struct sys_reg_params params;
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-	int Rt = kvm_vcpu_sys_get_rt(hsr);
-	int Rt2 = (hsr >> 10) & 0x1f;
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	int Rt = kvm_vcpu_sys_get_rt(esr);
+	int Rt2 = (esr >> 10) & 0x1f;
 
 	params.is_aarch32 = true;
 	params.is_32bit = false;
-	params.CRm = (hsr >> 1) & 0xf;
-	params.is_write = ((hsr & 1) == 0);
+	params.CRm = (esr >> 1) & 0xf;
+	params.is_write = ((esr & 1) == 0);
 
 	params.Op0 = 0;
-	params.Op1 = (hsr >> 16) & 0xf;
+	params.Op1 = (esr >> 16) & 0xf;
 	params.Op2 = 0;
 	params.CRn = 0;
 
@@ -2273,18 +2273,18 @@ static int kvm_handle_cp_32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 			    size_t nr_specific)
 {
 	struct sys_reg_params params;
-	u32 hsr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
-	int Rt  = kvm_vcpu_sys_get_rt(hsr);
+	u32 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	int Rt = kvm_vcpu_sys_get_rt(esr);
 
 	params.is_aarch32 = true;
 	params.is_32bit = true;
-	params.CRm = (hsr >> 1) & 0xf;
+	params.CRm = (esr >> 1) & 0xf;
 	params.regval = vcpu_get_reg(vcpu, Rt);
-	params.is_write = ((hsr & 1) == 0);
-	params.CRn = (hsr >> 10) & 0xf;
+	params.is_write = ((esr & 1) == 0);
+	params.CRn = (esr >> 10) & 0xf;
 	params.Op0 = 0;
-	params.Op1 = (hsr >> 14) & 0x7;
-	params.Op2 = (hsr >> 17) & 0x7;
+	params.Op1 = (esr >> 14) & 0x7;
+	params.Op2 = (esr >> 17) & 0x7;
 
 	if (!emulate_cp(vcpu, &params, target_specific, nr_specific) ||
 	    !emulate_cp(vcpu, &params, global, nr_global)) {
-- 
2.23.0


_______________________________________________
linux-arm-kernel mailing list
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/linux-arm-kernel

  parent reply	other threads:[~2020-04-10  9:42 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 31+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2020-04-10  8:58 [PATCH RFCv1 0/7] Support Async Page Fault Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58 ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58 ` [PATCH RFCv1 1/7] kvm/arm64: Rename kvm_vcpu_get_hsr() to kvm_vcpu_get_esr() Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58   ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58 ` [PATCH RFCv1 2/7] kvm/arm64: Detach ESR operator from vCPU struct Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58   ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58 ` Gavin Shan [this message]
2020-04-10  8:58   ` [PATCH RFCv1 3/7] kvm/arm64: Replace hsr with esr Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58 ` [PATCH RFCv1 4/7] kvm/arm64: Export kvm_handle_user_mem_abort() with prefault mode Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58   ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58 ` [PATCH RFCv1 5/7] kvm/arm64: Allow inject data abort with specified DFSC Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58   ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58 ` [PATCH RFCv1 6/7] kvm/arm64: Support async page fault Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58   ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-10 20:27   ` kbuild test robot
2020-04-10  8:58 ` [PATCH RFCv1 7/7] arm64: " Gavin Shan
2020-04-10  8:58   ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-10 12:52 ` [PATCH RFCv1 0/7] Support Async Page Fault Marc Zyngier
2020-04-10 12:52   ` Marc Zyngier
2020-04-14  5:39   ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-14  5:39     ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-14 11:05     ` Mark Rutland
2020-04-14 11:05       ` Mark Rutland
2020-04-16  7:59       ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-16  7:59         ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-16  9:16         ` Mark Rutland
2020-04-16  9:16           ` Mark Rutland
2020-04-16  9:21           ` Will Deacon
2020-04-16  9:21             ` Will Deacon
2020-04-17 10:34           ` Gavin Shan
2020-04-17 10:34             ` Gavin Shan

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20200410085820.758686-4-gshan@redhat.com \
    --to=gshan@redhat.com \
    --cc=catalin.marinas@arm.com \
    --cc=kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu \
    --cc=linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org \
    --cc=maz@kernel.org \
    --cc=shan.gavin@gmail.com \
    --cc=sudeep.holla@arm.com \
    --cc=will@kernel.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.