[PATCHv4 bpf-next 0/5] bpf: Speed up symbol resolving in kprobe multi link

[PATCHv4 bpf-next 0/5] bpf: Speed up symbol resolving in kprobe multi link

[Jiri Olsa]

hi,
sending additional fix for symbol resolving in kprobe multi link
requested by Alexei and Andrii [1].

This speeds up bpftrace kprobe attachment, when using pure symbols
(3344 symbols) to attach:

Before:

  # perf stat -r 5 -e cycles ./src/bpftrace -e 'kprobe:x* {  } i:ms:1 { exit(); }'
  ...
  6.5681 +- 0.0225 seconds time elapsed  ( +-  0.34% )

After:

  # perf stat -r 5 -e cycles ./src/bpftrace -e 'kprobe:x* {  } i:ms:1 { exit(); }'
  ...
  0.5661 +- 0.0275 seconds time elapsed  ( +-  4.85% )

v4 changes:
  - fix compile issue [kernel test robot]
  - added acks [Andrii]

v3 changes:
  - renamed kallsyms_lookup_names to ftrace_lookup_symbols
    and moved it to ftrace.c [Masami]
  - added ack [Andrii]
  - couple small test fixes [Andrii]

v2 changes (first version [2]):
  - removed the 2 seconds check [Alexei]
  - moving/forcing symbols sorting out of kallsyms_lookup_names function [Alexei]
  - skipping one array allocation and copy_from_user [Andrii]
  - several small fixes [Masami,Andrii]
  - build fix [kernel test robot]

thanks,
jirka


[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CAEf4BzZtQaiUxQ-sm_hH2qKPRaqGHyOfEsW96DxtBHRaKLoL3Q@mail.gmail.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220407125224.310255-1-jolsa@kernel.org/
---
Jiri Olsa (5):
      kallsyms: Fully export kallsyms_on_each_symbol function
      ftrace: Add ftrace_lookup_symbols function
      fprobe: Resolve symbols with ftrace_lookup_symbols
      bpf: Resolve symbols with ftrace_lookup_symbols for kprobe multi link
      selftests/bpf: Add attach bench test

 include/linux/ftrace.h                                     |   6 ++++++
 include/linux/kallsyms.h                                   |   7 ++++++-
 kernel/kallsyms.c                                          |   3 +--
 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c                                   | 112 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------------------------
 kernel/trace/fprobe.c                                      |  32 ++++++++++++--------------------
 kernel/trace/ftrace.c                                      |  62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c | 133 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c     |  12 ++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 298 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c

[PATCHv4 bpf-next 1/5] kallsyms: Fully export kallsyms_on_each_symbol function

[Jiri Olsa]

Fully exporting kallsyms_on_each_symbol function, so it can be used
in following changes.

Rather than adding another ifdef option let's export the function
completely (when CONFIG_KALLSYMS option is defined).

Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/kallsyms.h | 7 ++++++-
 kernel/kallsyms.c        | 2 --
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/kallsyms.h b/include/linux/kallsyms.h
index ce1bd2fbf23e..89f063651192 100644
--- a/include/linux/kallsyms.h
+++ b/include/linux/kallsyms.h
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ static inline void *dereference_symbol_descriptor(void *ptr)
 	return ptr;
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
 int kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *, struct module *,
 				      unsigned long),
 			    void *data);
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
 /* Lookup the address for a symbol. Returns 0 if not found. */
 unsigned long kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name);
 
@@ -163,6 +163,11 @@ static inline bool kallsyms_show_value(const struct cred *cred)
 	return false;
 }
 
+static inline int kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *, struct module *, unsigned long),
+					  void *data)
+{
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
 #endif /*CONFIG_KALLSYMS*/
 
 static inline void print_ip_sym(const char *loglvl, unsigned long ip)
diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
index 79f2eb617a62..fdfd308bebc4 100644
--- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
+++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
@@ -228,7 +228,6 @@ unsigned long kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name)
 	return module_kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
 }
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
 /*
  * Iterate over all symbols in vmlinux.  For symbols from modules use
  * module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol instead.
@@ -251,7 +250,6 @@ int kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *, struct module *,
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
-#endif /* CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
 
 static unsigned long get_symbol_pos(unsigned long addr,
 				    unsigned long *symbolsize,
-- 
2.35.1

Re: [PATCHv4 bpf-next 1/5] kallsyms: Fully export kallsyms_on_each_symbol function

[Masami Hiramatsu]

On Thu, 28 Apr 2022 22:12:03 +0200
Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> wrote:

> Fully exporting kallsyms_on_each_symbol function, so it can be used
> in following changes.
> 
> Rather than adding another ifdef option let's export the function
> completely (when CONFIG_KALLSYMS option is defined).
> 

This looks good to me.

Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>

Thanks!

> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
> ---
>  include/linux/kallsyms.h | 7 ++++++-
>  kernel/kallsyms.c        | 2 --
>  2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/kallsyms.h b/include/linux/kallsyms.h
> index ce1bd2fbf23e..89f063651192 100644
> --- a/include/linux/kallsyms.h
> +++ b/include/linux/kallsyms.h
> @@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ static inline void *dereference_symbol_descriptor(void *ptr)
>  	return ptr;
>  }
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
>  int kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *, struct module *,
>  				      unsigned long),
>  			    void *data);
>  
> -#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
>  /* Lookup the address for a symbol. Returns 0 if not found. */
>  unsigned long kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name);
>  
> @@ -163,6 +163,11 @@ static inline bool kallsyms_show_value(const struct cred *cred)
>  	return false;
>  }
>  
> +static inline int kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *, struct module *, unsigned long),
> +					  void *data)
> +{
> +	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
> +}
>  #endif /*CONFIG_KALLSYMS*/
>  
>  static inline void print_ip_sym(const char *loglvl, unsigned long ip)
> diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
> index 79f2eb617a62..fdfd308bebc4 100644
> --- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
> +++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
> @@ -228,7 +228,6 @@ unsigned long kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name)
>  	return module_kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
>  }
>  
> -#ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
>  /*
>   * Iterate over all symbols in vmlinux.  For symbols from modules use
>   * module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol instead.
> @@ -251,7 +250,6 @@ int kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *, struct module *,
>  	}
>  	return 0;
>  }
> -#endif /* CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
>  
>  static unsigned long get_symbol_pos(unsigned long addr,
>  				    unsigned long *symbolsize,
> -- 
> 2.35.1
> 


-- 
Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>

[PATCHv4 bpf-next 2/5] ftrace: Add ftrace_lookup_symbols function

[Jiri Olsa]

Adding ftrace_lookup_symbols function that resolves array of symbols
with single pass over kallsyms.

The user provides array of string pointers with count and pointer to
allocated array for resolved values.

  int ftrace_lookup_symbols(const char **sorted_syms, size_t cnt,
                            unsigned long *addrs)

It iterates all kallsyms symbols and tries to loop up each in provided
symbols array with bsearch. The symbols array needs to be sorted by
name for this reason.

We also check each symbol to pass ftrace_location, because this API
will be used for fprobe symbols resolving.

Suggested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/ftrace.h |  6 ++++
 kernel/kallsyms.c      |  1 +
 kernel/trace/ftrace.c  | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/ftrace.h b/include/linux/ftrace.h
index 4816b7e11047..820500430eae 100644
--- a/include/linux/ftrace.h
+++ b/include/linux/ftrace.h
@@ -303,6 +303,8 @@ int unregister_ftrace_function(struct ftrace_ops *ops);
 extern void ftrace_stub(unsigned long a0, unsigned long a1,
 			struct ftrace_ops *op, struct ftrace_regs *fregs);
 
+
+int ftrace_lookup_symbols(const char **sorted_syms, size_t cnt, unsigned long *addrs);
 #else /* !CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER */
 /*
  * (un)register_ftrace_function must be a macro since the ops parameter
@@ -313,6 +315,10 @@ extern void ftrace_stub(unsigned long a0, unsigned long a1,
 static inline void ftrace_kill(void) { }
 static inline void ftrace_free_init_mem(void) { }
 static inline void ftrace_free_mem(struct module *mod, void *start, void *end) { }
+static inline int ftrace_lookup_symbols(const char **sorted_syms, size_t cnt, unsigned long *addrs)
+{
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
 #endif /* CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER */
 
 struct ftrace_func_entry {
diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
index fdfd308bebc4..fbdf8d3279ac 100644
--- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
+++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/bsearch.h>
 
 /*
  * These will be re-linked against their real values
diff --git a/kernel/trace/ftrace.c b/kernel/trace/ftrace.c
index 4f1d2f5e7263..07d87c7a525d 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/ftrace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/ftrace.c
@@ -7964,3 +7964,65 @@ ftrace_enable_sysctl(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
 	mutex_unlock(&ftrace_lock);
 	return ret;
 }
+
+static int symbols_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const char **str_a = (const char **) a;
+	const char **str_b = (const char **) b;
+
+	return strcmp(*str_a, *str_b);
+}
+
+struct kallsyms_data {
+	unsigned long *addrs;
+	const char **syms;
+	size_t cnt;
+	size_t found;
+};
+
+static int kallsyms_callback(void *data, const char *name,
+			     struct module *mod, unsigned long addr)
+{
+	struct kallsyms_data *args = data;
+
+	if (!bsearch(&name, args->syms, args->cnt, sizeof(*args->syms), symbols_cmp))
+		return 0;
+
+	addr = ftrace_location(addr);
+	if (!addr)
+		return 0;
+
+	args->addrs[args->found++] = addr;
+	return args->found == args->cnt ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ftrace_lookup_symbols - Lookup addresses for array of symbols
+ *
+ * @sorted_syms: array of symbols pointers symbols to resolve,
+ * must be alphabetically sorted
+ * @cnt: number of symbols/addresses in @syms/@addrs arrays
+ * @addrs: array for storing resulting addresses
+ *
+ * This function looks up addresses for array of symbols provided in
+ * @syms array (must be alphabetically sorted) and stores them in
+ * @addrs array, which needs to be big enough to store at least @cnt
+ * addresses.
+ *
+ * This function returns 0 if all provided symbols are found,
+ * -ESRCH otherwise.
+ */
+int ftrace_lookup_symbols(const char **sorted_syms, size_t cnt, unsigned long *addrs)
+{
+	struct kallsyms_data args;
+	int err;
+
+	args.addrs = addrs;
+	args.syms = sorted_syms;
+	args.cnt = cnt;
+	args.found = 0;
+	err = kallsyms_on_each_symbol(kallsyms_callback, &args);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	return args.found == args.cnt ? 0 : -ESRCH;
+}
-- 
2.35.1

Re: [PATCHv4 bpf-next 2/5] ftrace: Add ftrace_lookup_symbols function

[Masami Hiramatsu]

On Thu, 28 Apr 2022 22:12:04 +0200
Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> wrote:

> Adding ftrace_lookup_symbols function that resolves array of symbols
> with single pass over kallsyms.
> 
> The user provides array of string pointers with count and pointer to
> allocated array for resolved values.
> 
>   int ftrace_lookup_symbols(const char **sorted_syms, size_t cnt,
>                             unsigned long *addrs)
> 
> It iterates all kallsyms symbols and tries to loop up each in provided
> symbols array with bsearch. The symbols array needs to be sorted by
> name for this reason.
> 
> We also check each symbol to pass ftrace_location, because this API
> will be used for fprobe symbols resolving.

This looks good to me.

Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>

Thanks!

> 
> Suggested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
> ---
>  include/linux/ftrace.h |  6 ++++
>  kernel/kallsyms.c      |  1 +
>  kernel/trace/ftrace.c  | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 69 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/ftrace.h b/include/linux/ftrace.h
> index 4816b7e11047..820500430eae 100644
> --- a/include/linux/ftrace.h
> +++ b/include/linux/ftrace.h
> @@ -303,6 +303,8 @@ int unregister_ftrace_function(struct ftrace_ops *ops);
>  extern void ftrace_stub(unsigned long a0, unsigned long a1,
>  			struct ftrace_ops *op, struct ftrace_regs *fregs);
>  
> +
> +int ftrace_lookup_symbols(const char **sorted_syms, size_t cnt, unsigned long *addrs);
>  #else /* !CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER */
>  /*
>   * (un)register_ftrace_function must be a macro since the ops parameter
> @@ -313,6 +315,10 @@ extern void ftrace_stub(unsigned long a0, unsigned long a1,
>  static inline void ftrace_kill(void) { }
>  static inline void ftrace_free_init_mem(void) { }
>  static inline void ftrace_free_mem(struct module *mod, void *start, void *end) { }
> +static inline int ftrace_lookup_symbols(const char **sorted_syms, size_t cnt, unsigned long *addrs)
> +{
> +	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
> +}
>  #endif /* CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER */
>  
>  struct ftrace_func_entry {
> diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
> index fdfd308bebc4..fbdf8d3279ac 100644
> --- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
> +++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
> @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
>  #include <linux/compiler.h>
>  #include <linux/module.h>
>  #include <linux/kernel.h>
> +#include <linux/bsearch.h>
>  
>  /*
>   * These will be re-linked against their real values
> diff --git a/kernel/trace/ftrace.c b/kernel/trace/ftrace.c
> index 4f1d2f5e7263..07d87c7a525d 100644
> --- a/kernel/trace/ftrace.c
> +++ b/kernel/trace/ftrace.c
> @@ -7964,3 +7964,65 @@ ftrace_enable_sysctl(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
>  	mutex_unlock(&ftrace_lock);
>  	return ret;
>  }
> +
> +static int symbols_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
> +{
> +	const char **str_a = (const char **) a;
> +	const char **str_b = (const char **) b;
> +
> +	return strcmp(*str_a, *str_b);
> +}
> +
> +struct kallsyms_data {
> +	unsigned long *addrs;
> +	const char **syms;
> +	size_t cnt;
> +	size_t found;
> +};
> +
> +static int kallsyms_callback(void *data, const char *name,
> +			     struct module *mod, unsigned long addr)
> +{
> +	struct kallsyms_data *args = data;
> +
> +	if (!bsearch(&name, args->syms, args->cnt, sizeof(*args->syms), symbols_cmp))
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	addr = ftrace_location(addr);
> +	if (!addr)
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	args->addrs[args->found++] = addr;
> +	return args->found == args->cnt ? 1 : 0;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * ftrace_lookup_symbols - Lookup addresses for array of symbols
> + *
> + * @sorted_syms: array of symbols pointers symbols to resolve,
> + * must be alphabetically sorted
> + * @cnt: number of symbols/addresses in @syms/@addrs arrays
> + * @addrs: array for storing resulting addresses
> + *
> + * This function looks up addresses for array of symbols provided in
> + * @syms array (must be alphabetically sorted) and stores them in
> + * @addrs array, which needs to be big enough to store at least @cnt
> + * addresses.
> + *
> + * This function returns 0 if all provided symbols are found,
> + * -ESRCH otherwise.
> + */
> +int ftrace_lookup_symbols(const char **sorted_syms, size_t cnt, unsigned long *addrs)
> +{
> +	struct kallsyms_data args;
> +	int err;
> +
> +	args.addrs = addrs;
> +	args.syms = sorted_syms;
> +	args.cnt = cnt;
> +	args.found = 0;
> +	err = kallsyms_on_each_symbol(kallsyms_callback, &args);
> +	if (err < 0)
> +		return err;
> +	return args.found == args.cnt ? 0 : -ESRCH;
> +}
> -- 
> 2.35.1
> 


-- 
Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>

[PATCHv4 bpf-next 3/5] fprobe: Resolve symbols with ftrace_lookup_symbols

[Jiri Olsa]

Using ftrace_lookup_symbols to speed up symbols lookup
in register_fprobe_syms API.

This requires syms array to be alphabetically sorted.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/trace/fprobe.c | 32 ++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/fprobe.c b/kernel/trace/fprobe.c
index 89d9f994ebb0..aac63ca9c3d1 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/fprobe.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/fprobe.c
@@ -85,39 +85,31 @@ static void fprobe_exit_handler(struct rethook_node *rh, void *data,
 }
 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(fprobe_exit_handler);
 
+static int symbols_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const char **str_a = (const char **) a;
+	const char **str_b = (const char **) b;
+
+	return strcmp(*str_a, *str_b);
+}
+
 /* Convert ftrace location address from symbols */
 static unsigned long *get_ftrace_locations(const char **syms, int num)
 {
-	unsigned long addr, size;
 	unsigned long *addrs;
-	int i;
 
 	/* Convert symbols to symbol address */
 	addrs = kcalloc(num, sizeof(*addrs), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!addrs)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-		addr = kallsyms_lookup_name(syms[i]);
-		if (!addr)	/* Maybe wrong symbol */
-			goto error;
-
-		/* Convert symbol address to ftrace location. */
-		if (!kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(addr, &size, NULL) || !size)
-			goto error;
+	/* ftrace_lookup_symbols expects sorted symbols */
+	sort(syms, num, sizeof(*syms), symbols_cmp, NULL);
 
-		addr = ftrace_location_range(addr, addr + size - 1);
-		if (!addr) /* No dynamic ftrace there. */
-			goto error;
+	if (!ftrace_lookup_symbols(syms, num, addrs))
+		return addrs;
 
-		addrs[i] = addr;
-	}
-
-	return addrs;
-
-error:
 	kfree(addrs);
-
 	return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
 }
 
-- 
2.35.1

Re: [PATCHv4 bpf-next 3/5] fprobe: Resolve symbols with ftrace_lookup_symbols

[Masami Hiramatsu]

On Thu, 28 Apr 2022 22:12:05 +0200
Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> wrote:

> Using ftrace_lookup_symbols to speed up symbols lookup
> in register_fprobe_syms API.
> 
> This requires syms array to be alphabetically sorted.

This line is no more needed because get_ftrace_locations sorts the syms.
Except for that, this looks good to me.

Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>

Thanks!

> 
> Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
> ---
>  kernel/trace/fprobe.c | 32 ++++++++++++--------------------
>  1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/kernel/trace/fprobe.c b/kernel/trace/fprobe.c
> index 89d9f994ebb0..aac63ca9c3d1 100644
> --- a/kernel/trace/fprobe.c
> +++ b/kernel/trace/fprobe.c
> @@ -85,39 +85,31 @@ static void fprobe_exit_handler(struct rethook_node *rh, void *data,
>  }
>  NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(fprobe_exit_handler);
>  
> +static int symbols_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
> +{
> +	const char **str_a = (const char **) a;
> +	const char **str_b = (const char **) b;
> +
> +	return strcmp(*str_a, *str_b);
> +}
> +
>  /* Convert ftrace location address from symbols */
>  static unsigned long *get_ftrace_locations(const char **syms, int num)
>  {
> -	unsigned long addr, size;
>  	unsigned long *addrs;
> -	int i;
>  
>  	/* Convert symbols to symbol address */
>  	addrs = kcalloc(num, sizeof(*addrs), GFP_KERNEL);
>  	if (!addrs)
>  		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
>  
> -	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
> -		addr = kallsyms_lookup_name(syms[i]);
> -		if (!addr)	/* Maybe wrong symbol */
> -			goto error;
> -
> -		/* Convert symbol address to ftrace location. */
> -		if (!kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(addr, &size, NULL) || !size)
> -			goto error;
> +	/* ftrace_lookup_symbols expects sorted symbols */
> +	sort(syms, num, sizeof(*syms), symbols_cmp, NULL);
>  
> -		addr = ftrace_location_range(addr, addr + size - 1);
> -		if (!addr) /* No dynamic ftrace there. */
> -			goto error;
> +	if (!ftrace_lookup_symbols(syms, num, addrs))
> +		return addrs;
>  
> -		addrs[i] = addr;
> -	}
> -
> -	return addrs;
> -
> -error:
>  	kfree(addrs);
> -
>  	return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
>  }
>  
> -- 
> 2.35.1
> 


-- 
Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>

[PATCHv4 bpf-next 4/5] bpf: Resolve symbols with ftrace_lookup_symbols for kprobe multi link

[Jiri Olsa]

Using kallsyms_lookup_names function to speed up symbols lookup in
kprobe multi link attachment and replacing with it the current
kprobe_multi_resolve_syms function.

This speeds up bpftrace kprobe attachment:

  # perf stat -r 5 -e cycles ./src/bpftrace -e 'kprobe:x* {  } i:ms:1 { exit(); }'
  ...
  6.5681 +- 0.0225 seconds time elapsed  ( +-  0.34% )

After:

  # perf stat -r 5 -e cycles ./src/bpftrace -e 'kprobe:x* {  } i:ms:1 { exit(); }'
  ...
  0.5661 +- 0.0275 seconds time elapsed  ( +-  4.85% )

Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c | 112 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
index f15b826f9899..7fd11c17558d 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
@@ -2229,6 +2229,59 @@ struct bpf_kprobe_multi_run_ctx {
 	unsigned long entry_ip;
 };
 
+struct user_syms {
+	const char **syms;
+	char *buf;
+};
+
+static int copy_user_syms(struct user_syms *us, unsigned long __user *usyms, u32 cnt)
+{
+	unsigned long __user usymbol;
+	const char **syms = NULL;
+	char *buf = NULL, *p;
+	int err = -ENOMEM;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	syms = kvmalloc(cnt * sizeof(*syms), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!syms)
+		goto error;
+
+	buf = kvmalloc(cnt * KSYM_NAME_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		goto error;
+
+	for (p = buf, i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		if (__get_user(usymbol, usyms + i)) {
+			err = -EFAULT;
+			goto error;
+		}
+		err = strncpy_from_user(p, (const char __user *) usymbol, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
+		if (err == KSYM_NAME_LEN)
+			err = -E2BIG;
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto error;
+		syms[i] = p;
+		p += err + 1;
+	}
+
+	us->syms = syms;
+	us->buf = buf;
+	return 0;
+
+error:
+	if (err) {
+		kvfree(syms);
+		kvfree(buf);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void free_user_syms(struct user_syms *us)
+{
+	kvfree(us->syms);
+	kvfree(us->buf);
+}
+
 static void bpf_kprobe_multi_link_release(struct bpf_link *link)
 {
 	struct bpf_kprobe_multi_link *kmulti_link;
@@ -2349,53 +2402,12 @@ kprobe_multi_link_handler(struct fprobe *fp, unsigned long entry_ip,
 	kprobe_multi_link_prog_run(link, entry_ip, regs);
 }
 
-static int
-kprobe_multi_resolve_syms(const void __user *usyms, u32 cnt,
-			  unsigned long *addrs)
+static int symbols_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
-	unsigned long addr, size;
-	const char __user **syms;
-	int err = -ENOMEM;
-	unsigned int i;
-	char *func;
-
-	size = cnt * sizeof(*syms);
-	syms = kvzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!syms)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	const char **str_a = (const char **) a;
+	const char **str_b = (const char **) b;
 
-	func = kmalloc(KSYM_NAME_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!func)
-		goto error;
-
-	if (copy_from_user(syms, usyms, size)) {
-		err = -EFAULT;
-		goto error;
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
-		err = strncpy_from_user(func, syms[i], KSYM_NAME_LEN);
-		if (err == KSYM_NAME_LEN)
-			err = -E2BIG;
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto error;
-		err = -EINVAL;
-		addr = kallsyms_lookup_name(func);
-		if (!addr)
-			goto error;
-		if (!kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(addr, &size, NULL))
-			goto error;
-		addr = ftrace_location_range(addr, addr + size - 1);
-		if (!addr)
-			goto error;
-		addrs[i] = addr;
-	}
-
-	err = 0;
-error:
-	kvfree(syms);
-	kfree(func);
-	return err;
+	return strcmp(*str_a, *str_b);
 }
 
 int bpf_kprobe_multi_link_attach(const union bpf_attr *attr, struct bpf_prog *prog)
@@ -2441,7 +2453,15 @@ int bpf_kprobe_multi_link_attach(const union bpf_attr *attr, struct bpf_prog *pr
 			goto error;
 		}
 	} else {
-		err = kprobe_multi_resolve_syms(usyms, cnt, addrs);
+		struct user_syms us;
+
+		err = copy_user_syms(&us, usyms, cnt);
+		if (err)
+			goto error;
+
+		sort(us.syms, cnt, sizeof(*us.syms), symbols_cmp, NULL);
+		err = ftrace_lookup_symbols(us.syms, cnt, addrs);
+		free_user_syms(&us);
 		if (err)
 			goto error;
 	}
-- 
2.35.1

[PATCHv4 bpf-next 5/5] selftests/bpf: Add attach bench test

[Jiri Olsa]

Adding test that reads all functions from ftrace available_filter_functions
file and attach them all through kprobe_multi API.

It also prints stats info with -v option, like on my setup:

  test_bench_attach: found 48712 functions
  test_bench_attach: attached in   1.069s
  test_bench_attach: detached in   0.373s

Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
---
 .../bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c        | 133 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c  |  12 ++
 2 files changed, 145 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c
index b9876b55fc0c..a0664c5c15ee 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 #include <test_progs.h>
 #include "kprobe_multi.skel.h"
 #include "trace_helpers.h"
+#include "kprobe_multi_empty.skel.h"
+#include "bpf/libbpf_internal.h"
+#include "bpf/hashmap.h"
 
 static void kprobe_multi_test_run(struct kprobe_multi *skel, bool test_return)
 {
@@ -301,6 +304,134 @@ static void test_attach_api_fails(void)
 	kprobe_multi__destroy(skel);
 }
 
+static inline __u64 get_time_ns(void)
+{
+	struct timespec t;
+
+	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t);
+	return (__u64) t.tv_sec * 1000000000 + t.tv_nsec;
+}
+
+static size_t symbol_hash(const void *key, void *ctx __maybe_unused)
+{
+	return str_hash((const char *) key);
+}
+
+static bool symbol_equal(const void *key1, const void *key2, void *ctx __maybe_unused)
+{
+	return strcmp((const char *) key1, (const char *) key2) == 0;
+}
+
+static int get_syms(char ***symsp, size_t *cntp)
+{
+	size_t cap = 0, cnt = 0, i;
+	char *name, **syms = NULL;
+	struct hashmap *map;
+	char buf[256];
+	FILE *f;
+	int err;
+
+	/*
+	 * The available_filter_functions contains many duplicates,
+	 * but other than that all symbols are usable in kprobe multi
+	 * interface.
+	 * Filtering out duplicates by using hashmap__add, which won't
+	 * add existing entry.
+	 */
+	f = fopen("/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/available_filter_functions", "r");
+	if (!f)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	map = hashmap__new(symbol_hash, symbol_equal, NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(map))
+		goto error;
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f)) {
+		/* skip modules */
+		if (strchr(buf, '['))
+			continue;
+		if (sscanf(buf, "%ms$*[^\n]\n", &name) != 1)
+			continue;
+		err = hashmap__add(map, name, NULL);
+		if (err) {
+			free(name);
+			if (err == -EEXIST)
+				continue;
+			goto error;
+		}
+		err = libbpf_ensure_mem((void **) &syms, &cap,
+					sizeof(*syms), cnt + 1);
+		if (err) {
+			free(name);
+			goto error;
+		}
+		syms[cnt] = name;
+		cnt++;
+	}
+
+	*symsp = syms;
+	*cntp = cnt;
+
+error:
+	fclose(f);
+	hashmap__free(map);
+	if (err) {
+		for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+			free(syms[cnt]);
+		free(syms);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void test_bench_attach(void)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_kprobe_multi_opts, opts);
+	struct kprobe_multi_empty *skel = NULL;
+	long attach_start_ns, attach_end_ns;
+	long detach_start_ns, detach_end_ns;
+	double attach_delta, detach_delta;
+	struct bpf_link *link = NULL;
+	char **syms = NULL;
+	size_t cnt, i;
+
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(get_syms(&syms, &cnt), "get_syms"))
+		return;
+
+	skel = kprobe_multi_empty__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "kprobe_multi_empty__open_and_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	opts.syms = (const char **) syms;
+	opts.cnt = cnt;
+
+	attach_start_ns = get_time_ns();
+	link = bpf_program__attach_kprobe_multi_opts(skel->progs.test_kprobe_empty,
+						     NULL, &opts);
+	attach_end_ns = get_time_ns();
+
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "bpf_program__attach_kprobe_multi_opts"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	detach_start_ns = get_time_ns();
+	bpf_link__destroy(link);
+	detach_end_ns = get_time_ns();
+
+	attach_delta = (attach_end_ns - attach_start_ns) / 1000000000.0;
+	detach_delta = (detach_end_ns - detach_start_ns) / 1000000000.0;
+
+	printf("%s: found %lu functions\n", __func__, cnt);
+	printf("%s: attached in %7.3lfs\n", __func__, attach_delta);
+	printf("%s: detached in %7.3lfs\n", __func__, detach_delta);
+
+cleanup:
+	kprobe_multi_empty__destroy(skel);
+	if (syms) {
+		for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+			free(syms[i]);
+		free(syms);
+	}
+}
+
 void test_kprobe_multi_test(void)
 {
 	if (!ASSERT_OK(load_kallsyms(), "load_kallsyms"))
@@ -320,4 +451,6 @@ void test_kprobe_multi_test(void)
 		test_attach_api_syms();
 	if (test__start_subtest("attach_api_fails"))
 		test_attach_api_fails();
+	if (test__start_subtest("bench_attach"))
+		test_bench_attach();
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e76e499aca39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h>
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+
+SEC("kprobe.multi/")
+int test_kprobe_empty(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
-- 
2.35.1

Re: [PATCHv4 bpf-next 0/5] bpf: Speed up symbol resolving in kprobe multi link

[Andrii Nakryiko]

On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 1:12 PM Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> hi,
> sending additional fix for symbol resolving in kprobe multi link
> requested by Alexei and Andrii [1].
>
> This speeds up bpftrace kprobe attachment, when using pure symbols
> (3344 symbols) to attach:
>
> Before:
>
>   # perf stat -r 5 -e cycles ./src/bpftrace -e 'kprobe:x* {  } i:ms:1 { exit(); }'
>   ...
>   6.5681 +- 0.0225 seconds time elapsed  ( +-  0.34% )
>
> After:
>
>   # perf stat -r 5 -e cycles ./src/bpftrace -e 'kprobe:x* {  } i:ms:1 { exit(); }'
>   ...
>   0.5661 +- 0.0275 seconds time elapsed  ( +-  4.85% )
>
> v4 changes:
>   - fix compile issue [kernel test robot]
>   - added acks [Andrii]
>
> v3 changes:
>   - renamed kallsyms_lookup_names to ftrace_lookup_symbols
>     and moved it to ftrace.c [Masami]
>   - added ack [Andrii]
>   - couple small test fixes [Andrii]
>
> v2 changes (first version [2]):
>   - removed the 2 seconds check [Alexei]
>   - moving/forcing symbols sorting out of kallsyms_lookup_names function [Alexei]
>   - skipping one array allocation and copy_from_user [Andrii]
>   - several small fixes [Masami,Andrii]
>   - build fix [kernel test robot]
>
> thanks,
> jirka
>
>
> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CAEf4BzZtQaiUxQ-sm_hH2qKPRaqGHyOfEsW96DxtBHRaKLoL3Q@mail.gmail.com/
> [2] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220407125224.310255-1-jolsa@kernel.org/
> ---
> Jiri Olsa (5):
>       kallsyms: Fully export kallsyms_on_each_symbol function
>       ftrace: Add ftrace_lookup_symbols function
>       fprobe: Resolve symbols with ftrace_lookup_symbols
>       bpf: Resolve symbols with ftrace_lookup_symbols for kprobe multi link
>       selftests/bpf: Add attach bench test
>

Please check [0], it reports rcu_read_unlock() misuse

  [0] https://github.com/kernel-patches/bpf/runs/6223167405?check_suite_focus=true

>  include/linux/ftrace.h                                     |   6 ++++++
>  include/linux/kallsyms.h                                   |   7 ++++++-
>  kernel/kallsyms.c                                          |   3 +--
>  kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c                                   | 112 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------------------------
>  kernel/trace/fprobe.c                                      |  32 ++++++++++++--------------------
>  kernel/trace/ftrace.c                                      |  62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c | 133 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c     |  12 ++++++++++++
>  8 files changed, 298 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c

Re: [PATCHv4 bpf-next 0/5] bpf: Speed up symbol resolving in kprobe multi link

[Jiri Olsa]

On Fri, Apr 29, 2022 at 07:28:11AM -0700, Andrii Nakryiko wrote:
> On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 1:12 PM Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> wrote:
> >
> > hi,
> > sending additional fix for symbol resolving in kprobe multi link
> > requested by Alexei and Andrii [1].
> >
> > This speeds up bpftrace kprobe attachment, when using pure symbols
> > (3344 symbols) to attach:
> >
> > Before:
> >
> >   # perf stat -r 5 -e cycles ./src/bpftrace -e 'kprobe:x* {  } i:ms:1 { exit(); }'
> >   ...
> >   6.5681 +- 0.0225 seconds time elapsed  ( +-  0.34% )
> >
> > After:
> >
> >   # perf stat -r 5 -e cycles ./src/bpftrace -e 'kprobe:x* {  } i:ms:1 { exit(); }'
> >   ...
> >   0.5661 +- 0.0275 seconds time elapsed  ( +-  4.85% )
> >
> > v4 changes:
> >   - fix compile issue [kernel test robot]
> >   - added acks [Andrii]
> >
> > v3 changes:
> >   - renamed kallsyms_lookup_names to ftrace_lookup_symbols
> >     and moved it to ftrace.c [Masami]
> >   - added ack [Andrii]
> >   - couple small test fixes [Andrii]
> >
> > v2 changes (first version [2]):
> >   - removed the 2 seconds check [Alexei]
> >   - moving/forcing symbols sorting out of kallsyms_lookup_names function [Alexei]
> >   - skipping one array allocation and copy_from_user [Andrii]
> >   - several small fixes [Masami,Andrii]
> >   - build fix [kernel test robot]
> >
> > thanks,
> > jirka
> >
> >
> > [1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CAEf4BzZtQaiUxQ-sm_hH2qKPRaqGHyOfEsW96DxtBHRaKLoL3Q@mail.gmail.com/
> > [2] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220407125224.310255-1-jolsa@kernel.org/
> > ---
> > Jiri Olsa (5):
> >       kallsyms: Fully export kallsyms_on_each_symbol function
> >       ftrace: Add ftrace_lookup_symbols function
> >       fprobe: Resolve symbols with ftrace_lookup_symbols
> >       bpf: Resolve symbols with ftrace_lookup_symbols for kprobe multi link
> >       selftests/bpf: Add attach bench test
> >
> 
> Please check [0], it reports rcu_read_unlock() misuse
> 
>   [0] https://github.com/kernel-patches/bpf/runs/6223167405?check_suite_focus=true

hm, first I though it might be related to the bench test
attaching to 'bad' function, but the the warning showed
before that

will try to reproduce  with the CI .config

jirka


> 
> >  include/linux/ftrace.h                                     |   6 ++++++
> >  include/linux/kallsyms.h                                   |   7 ++++++-
> >  kernel/kallsyms.c                                          |   3 +--
> >  kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c                                   | 112 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------------------------
> >  kernel/trace/fprobe.c                                      |  32 ++++++++++++--------------------
> >  kernel/trace/ftrace.c                                      |  62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kprobe_multi_test.c | 133 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c     |  12 ++++++++++++
> >  8 files changed, 298 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)
> >  create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kprobe_multi_empty.c