[RFC PATCH 00/32] x86: enable FRED for x86-64

[RFC PATCH 00/32] x86: enable FRED for x86-64

[Xin Li]

This patch set enables FRED for x86-64, and it's based on the previous LKGS
patch set.

The Intel flexible return and event delivery (FRED) architecture defines simple
new transitions that change privilege level (ring transitions).  The FRED
architecture was designed with the following goals:
1) Improve overall performance and response time by replacing event delivery
through the interrupt descriptor table (IDT event delivery) and event return by
the IRET instruction with lower latency transitions.
2) Improve software robustness by ensuring that event delivery establishes the
full supervisor context and that event return establishes the full user context.

The new transitions defined by the FRED architecture are FRED event delivery and,
for returning from events, two FRED return instructions. FRED event delivery can
effect a transition from ring 3 to ring 0, but it is used also to deliver events
incident to ring 0. One FRED instruction (ERETU) effects a return from ring 0 to
ring 3, while the other (ERETS) returns while remaining in ring 0.

In addition to these transitions, the FRED architecture defines a new instruction
(LKGS) for managing the state of the GS segment register. The LKGS instruction
can be used by 64-bit operating systems that do not use the new FRED transitions.

The Intel FRED architecture spec can be downloaded from:
	https://cdrdv2.intel.com/v1/dl/getContent/678938

As of now there is no publicly avaiable CPU supporting FRED, thus the Intel
Simics® Simulator is used as software development and testing vehicle.
To enable FRED, Simics package 8112 QSP-CPU needs to be installed with CPU
model configured as:
	$cpu_comp_class = "x86-experimental-fred"

Longer term, we should refactor common code shared by FRED and IDT into common
shared files, and contain IDT code using a new config CONFIG_X86_IDT.

TODO: call exc_raise_irq() to reinject IRQ in KVM VMX.

H. Peter Anvin (Intel) (24):
  x86/traps: let common_interrupt() handle IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR
  x86/traps: add a system interrupt table for system interrupt dispatch
  x86/traps: add external_interrupt() to dispatch external interrupts
  x86/cpufeature: add the cpu feature bit for FRED
  x86/opcode: add ERETU, ERETS instructions to x86-opcode-map
  x86/objtool: teach objtool about ERETU and ERETS
  x86/cpu: add X86_CR4_FRED macro
  x86/fred: add Kconfig option for FRED (CONFIG_X86_FRED)
  x86/fred: if CONFIG_X86_FRED is disabled, disable FRED support
  x86/cpu: add MSR numbers for FRED configuration
  x86/fred: header file with FRED definitions
  x86/fred: make unions for the cs and ss fields in struct pt_regs
  x86/fred: reserve space for the FRED stack frame
  x86/fred: add a page fault entry stub for FRED
  x86/fred: add a debug fault entry stub for FRED
  x86/fred: add a NMI entry stub for FRED
  x86/fred: FRED entry/exit and dispatch code
  x86/fred: FRED initialization code
  x86/fred: update MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0 during task switch
  x86/fred: let ret_from_fork() jmp to fred_exit_user when FRED is
    enabled
  x86/fred: disallow the swapgs instruction when FRED is enabled
  x86/fred: no ESPFIX needed when FRED is enabled
  x86/fred: allow single-step trap and NMI when starting a new thread
  x86/fred: allow FRED systems to use interrupt vectors 0x10-0x1f

Xin Li (8):
  x86/traps: add install_system_interrupt_handler()
  x86/traps: add exc_raise_irq() for VMX IRQ reinjection
  x86/fred: header file for event types
  x86/fred: add a machine check entry stub for FRED
  x86/fred: fixup fault on ERETU by jumping to fred_entrypoint_user
  x86/ia32: do not modify the DPL bits for a null selector
  x86/fred: allow dynamic stack frame size
  x86/fred: disable FRED by default in its early stage

 .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         |   4 +
 arch/x86/Kconfig                              |   9 +
 arch/x86/entry/Makefile                       |   5 +-
 arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S                     |   2 +-
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S                     |   5 +
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S                |  59 ++++
 arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c                   | 272 ++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/entry/vsyscall/vsyscall_64.c         |   2 +-
 arch/x86/ia32/ia32_signal.c                   |  21 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h            |   1 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h      |   8 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/entry-common.h           |   3 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/event-type.h             |  17 ++
 arch/x86/include/asm/extable_fixup_types.h    |   4 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h                   | 129 +++++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h               |  62 +++-
 arch/x86/include/asm/irq.h                    |   5 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h            |  15 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h              |  12 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h              |  12 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h                 |  36 ++-
 arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h              |   7 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h            |  35 +--
 arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h                  |  15 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h                    |  17 +-
 arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/processor-flags.h   |   2 +
 arch/x86/kernel/Makefile                      |   1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c                   |  11 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c                 |   8 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/acrn.c                    |   7 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c                  |  88 ++++--
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c                |  11 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mshyperv.c                |  22 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/espfix_64.c                   |   8 +
 arch/x86/kernel/fred.c                        |  73 +++++
 arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S                     |   3 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/idt.c                         |   6 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c                         |   6 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c                     |   7 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c                         |   4 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c                         |  28 ++
 arch/x86/kernel/process.c                     |   5 +
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c                  |  21 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/traps.c                       | 180 ++++++++++--
 arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt               |   2 +-
 arch/x86/mm/extable.c                         |  28 ++
 arch/x86/mm/fault.c                           |  20 +-
 drivers/xen/events/events_base.c              |   5 +-
 kernel/fork.c                                 |   6 +
 tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h      |   1 +
 .../arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h  |   8 +-
 tools/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h        |  12 +-
 tools/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt         |   2 +-
 tools/objtool/arch/x86/decode.c               |  22 +-
 54 files changed, 1180 insertions(+), 174 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/event-type.h
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/fred.c

-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 01/32] x86/traps: let common_interrupt() handle IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR is the only one of the system IRQ vectors that
is *below* FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR. It is a slow path, so just push it
into common_interrupt() just before the spurious interrupt handling.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
index 766ffe3ba313..7e125fff45ab 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
@@ -248,6 +248,10 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(common_interrupt)
 	desc = __this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector]);
 	if (likely(!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(desc))) {
 		handle_irq(desc, regs);
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+	} else if (vector == IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR) {
+		sysvec_irq_move_cleanup(regs);
+#endif
 	} else {
 		ack_APIC_irq();
 
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 02/32] x86/traps: add a system interrupt table for system interrupt dispatch

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Upon receiving an external interrupt, KVM VMX reinjects it through
calling the interrupt handler in its IDT descriptor on the current
kernel stack, which essentially uses the IDT as an interrupt dispatch
table.

However the IDT is one of the lowest level critical data structures
between a x86 CPU and the Linux kernel, we should avoid using it
*directly* whenever possible, espeically in a software defined manner.

On x86, external interrupts are divided into the following groups
  1) system interrupts
  2) external device interrupts
With the IDT, system interrupts are dispatched through the IDT
directly, while external device interrupts are all routed to the
external interrupt dispatch function common_interrupt(), which
dispatches external device interrupts through a per-CPU external
interrupt dispatch table vector_irq.

To eliminate dispatching external interrupts through the IDT, add
a system interrupt handler table for dispatching a system interrupt
to its corresponding handler directly. Thus a software based dispatch
function will be:

  void external_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs, u8 vector)
  {
    if (is_system_interrupt(vector))
      system_interrupt_handlers[vector_to_sysvec(vector)](regs);
    else /* external device interrupt */
      common_interrupt(regs, vector);
  }

What's more, with the Intel FRED (Flexible Return and Event Delivery)
architecture, IDT, the hardware based event dispatch table, is gone,
and the Linux kernel needs to dispatch events to their handlers with
vector to handler mappings, the dispatch function external_interrupt()
is also needed.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Co-developed-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h    |  7 +++++
 arch/x86/kernel/traps.c         | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
index 72184b0b2219..966d720046f1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
@@ -167,18 +167,24 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
 
 /**
  * DECLARE_IDTENTRY_IRQ - Declare functions for device interrupt IDT entry
- *			  points (common/spurious)
+ *			  points (common/spurious) and their corresponding
+ *			  software based dispatch handlers in non-noinstr
+ *			  text section
  * @vector:	Vector number (ignored for C)
  * @func:	Function name of the entry point
  *
  * Maps to DECLARE_IDTENTRY_ERRORCODE()
  */
 #define DECLARE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(vector, func)				\
-	DECLARE_IDTENTRY_ERRORCODE(vector, func)
+	DECLARE_IDTENTRY_ERRORCODE(vector, func);			\
+	void dispatch_##func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
 
 /**
  * DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ - Emit code for device interrupt IDT entry points
- * @func:	Function name of the entry point
+ *			 and their corresponding software based dispatch
+ *			 handlers in non-noinstr text section.
+ * @func:		Function name of the IDT entry point
+ * @dispatch_func:	Function name of the software based dispatch handler
  *
  * The vector number is pushed by the low level entry stub and handed
  * to the function as error_code argument which needs to be truncated
@@ -204,10 +210,20 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs,			\
 	irqentry_exit(regs, state);					\
 }									\
 									\
+void dispatch_##func(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)	\
+{									\
+	u32 vector = (u32)(u8)error_code;				\
+									\
+	kvm_set_cpu_l1tf_flush_l1d();					\
+	run_irq_on_irqstack_cond(__##func, regs, vector);		\
+}									\
+									\
 static noinline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector)
 
 /**
  * DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC - Declare functions for system vector entry points
+ *			     and their corresponding software based dispatch
+ *			     handlers in non-noinstr text section
  * @vector:	Vector number (ignored for C)
  * @func:	Function name of the entry point
  *
@@ -215,15 +231,20 @@ static noinline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector)
  * - The ASM entry point: asm_##func
  * - The XEN PV trap entry point: xen_##func (maybe unused)
  * - The C handler called from the ASM entry point
+ * - The C handler used in the system interrupt handler table
  *
  * Maps to DECLARE_IDTENTRY().
  */
 #define DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(vector, func)				\
-	DECLARE_IDTENTRY(vector, func)
+	DECLARE_IDTENTRY(vector, func);					\
+	void dispatch_table_##func(struct pt_regs *regs)
 
 /**
  * DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC - Emit code for system vector IDT entry points
- * @func:	Function name of the entry point
+ *			    and their corresponding software based dispatch
+ *			    handlers in non-noinstr text section
+ * @func:		Function name of the IDT entry point
+ * @dispatch_table_func:Function name of the software based dispatch handler
  *
  * irqentry_enter/exit() and irq_enter/exit_rcu() are invoked before the
  * function body. KVM L1D flush request is set.
@@ -244,12 +265,21 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs)			\
 	irqentry_exit(regs, state);					\
 }									\
 									\
+void dispatch_table_##func(struct pt_regs *regs)			\
+{									\
+	kvm_set_cpu_l1tf_flush_l1d();					\
+	run_sysvec_on_irqstack_cond(__##func, regs);			\
+}									\
+									\
 static noinline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs)
 
 /**
  * DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC_SIMPLE - Emit code for simple system vector IDT
- *				   entry points
- * @func:	Function name of the entry point
+ *				   entry points and their corresponding
+ *				   software based dispatch handlers in
+ *				   non-noinstr text section
+ * @func:		Function name of the IDT entry point
+ * @dispatch_table_func:Function name of the software based dispatch handler
  *
  * Runs the function on the interrupted stack. No switch to IRQ stack and
  * only the minimal __irq_enter/exit() handling.
@@ -273,6 +303,14 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs)			\
 	irqentry_exit(regs, state);					\
 }									\
 									\
+void dispatch_table_##func(struct pt_regs *regs)			\
+{									\
+	__irq_enter_raw();						\
+	kvm_set_cpu_l1tf_flush_l1d();					\
+	__##func (regs);						\
+	__irq_exit_raw();						\
+}									\
+									\
 static __always_inline void __##func(struct pt_regs *regs)
 
 /**
@@ -638,9 +676,7 @@ DECLARE_IDTENTRY(X86_TRAP_VE,		exc_virtualization_exception);
 
 /* Device interrupts common/spurious */
 DECLARE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(X86_TRAP_OTHER,	common_interrupt);
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
 DECLARE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(X86_TRAP_OTHER,	spurious_interrupt);
-#endif
 
 /* System vector entry points */
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
@@ -651,7 +687,7 @@ DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(X86_PLATFORM_IPI_VECTOR,	sysvec_x86_platform_ipi);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-DECLARE_IDTENTRY(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR,			sysvec_reschedule_ipi);
+DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR,		sysvec_reschedule_ipi);
 DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR,	sysvec_irq_move_cleanup);
 DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(REBOOT_VECTOR,			sysvec_reboot);
 DECLARE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(CALL_FUNCTION_SINGLE_VECTOR,	sysvec_call_function_single);
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
index 47ecfff2c83d..28c8ba5fd81c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
@@ -47,4 +47,11 @@ void __noreturn handle_stack_overflow(struct pt_regs *regs,
 				      struct stack_info *info);
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * How system interrupt handlers are called.
+ */
+#define DECLARE_SYSTEM_INTERRUPT_HANDLER(f)	\
+	void f (struct pt_regs *regs)
+typedef DECLARE_SYSTEM_INTERRUPT_HANDLER((*system_interrupt_handler));
+
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_TRAPS_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
index d3fdec706f1d..8f751c06c052 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1451,6 +1451,46 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SW(iret_error)
 }
 #endif
 
+#define SYSV(x,y) [(x) - FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR] = y
+
+static system_interrupt_handler system_interrupt_handlers[NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS] = {
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+	SYSV(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR,			dispatch_table_sysvec_reschedule_ipi),
+	SYSV(CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_call_function),
+	SYSV(CALL_FUNCTION_SINGLE_VECTOR,	dispatch_table_sysvec_call_function_single),
+	SYSV(REBOOT_VECTOR,			dispatch_table_sysvec_reboot),
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_THERMAL_VECTOR
+	SYSV(THERMAL_APIC_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_thermal),
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE_THRESHOLD
+	SYSV(THRESHOLD_APIC_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_threshold),
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE_AMD
+	SYSV(DEFERRED_ERROR_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_deferred_error),
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
+	SYSV(LOCAL_TIMER_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt),
+	SYSV(X86_PLATFORM_IPI_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_x86_platform_ipi),
+# ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_KVM
+	SYSV(POSTED_INTR_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_kvm_posted_intr_ipi),
+	SYSV(POSTED_INTR_WAKEUP_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_kvm_posted_intr_wakeup_ipi),
+	SYSV(POSTED_INTR_NESTED_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_kvm_posted_intr_nested_ipi),
+# endif
+# ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_WORK
+	SYSV(IRQ_WORK_VECTOR,			dispatch_table_sysvec_irq_work),
+# endif
+	SYSV(SPURIOUS_APIC_VECTOR,		dispatch_table_sysvec_spurious_apic_interrupt),
+	SYSV(ERROR_APIC_VECTOR,			dispatch_table_sysvec_error_interrupt),
+#endif
+};
+
+#undef SYSV
+
 void __init trap_init(void)
 {
 	/* Init cpu_entry_area before IST entries are set up */
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 03/32] x86/traps: add install_system_interrupt_handler()

[Xin Li]

Some kernel components install system interrupt handlers into the IDT,
and we need to do the same for system_interrupt_handlers. A new function
install_system_interrupt_handler() is added to install a system interrupt
handler into both the IDT and system_interrupt_handlers.

Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h     |  2 ++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/acrn.c       |  7 +++++--
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mshyperv.c   | 22 ++++++++++++++--------
 arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c            |  4 +++-
 arch/x86/kernel/traps.c          |  8 ++++++++
 drivers/xen/events/events_base.c |  5 ++++-
 6 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
index 28c8ba5fd81c..46f5e4e2a346 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ void math_emulate(struct math_emu_info *);
 
 bool fault_in_kernel_space(unsigned long address);
 
+void install_system_interrupt_handler(unsigned int n, const void *asm_addr, const void *addr);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
 void __noreturn handle_stack_overflow(struct pt_regs *regs,
 				      unsigned long fault_address,
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/acrn.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/acrn.c
index 485441b7f030..9351bf183a9e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/acrn.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/acrn.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
 #include <asm/idtentry.h>
 #include <asm/irq_regs.h>
+#include <asm/traps.h>
 
 static u32 __init acrn_detect(void)
 {
@@ -26,8 +27,10 @@ static u32 __init acrn_detect(void)
 
 static void __init acrn_init_platform(void)
 {
-	/* Setup the IDT for ACRN hypervisor callback */
-	alloc_intr_gate(HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR, asm_sysvec_acrn_hv_callback);
+	/* Install system interrupt handler for ACRN hypervisor callback */
+	install_system_interrupt_handler(HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR,
+					 asm_sysvec_acrn_hv_callback,
+					 sysvec_acrn_hv_callback);
 
 	x86_platform.calibrate_tsc = acrn_get_tsc_khz;
 	x86_platform.calibrate_cpu = acrn_get_tsc_khz;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mshyperv.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mshyperv.c
index 831613959a92..144b4a622188 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mshyperv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mshyperv.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <asm/i8259.h>
 #include <asm/apic.h>
 #include <asm/timer.h>
+#include <asm/traps.h>
 #include <asm/reboot.h>
 #include <asm/nmi.h>
 #include <clocksource/hyperv_timer.h>
@@ -415,19 +416,24 @@ static void __init ms_hyperv_init_platform(void)
 	 */
 	x86_platform.apic_post_init = hyperv_init;
 	hyperv_setup_mmu_ops();
-	/* Setup the IDT for hypervisor callback */
-	alloc_intr_gate(HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR, asm_sysvec_hyperv_callback);
 
-	/* Setup the IDT for reenlightenment notifications */
+	/* Install system interrupt handler for hypervisor callback */
+	install_system_interrupt_handler(HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR,
+					 asm_sysvec_hyperv_callback,
+					 sysvec_hyperv_callback);
+
+	/* Install system interrupt handler for reenlightenment notifications */
 	if (ms_hyperv.features & HV_ACCESS_REENLIGHTENMENT) {
-		alloc_intr_gate(HYPERV_REENLIGHTENMENT_VECTOR,
-				asm_sysvec_hyperv_reenlightenment);
+		install_system_interrupt_handler(HYPERV_REENLIGHTENMENT_VECTOR,
+						 asm_sysvec_hyperv_reenlightenment,
+						 sysvec_hyperv_reenlightenment);
 	}
 
-	/* Setup the IDT for stimer0 */
+	/* Install system interrupt handler for stimer0 */
 	if (ms_hyperv.misc_features & HV_STIMER_DIRECT_MODE_AVAILABLE) {
-		alloc_intr_gate(HYPERV_STIMER0_VECTOR,
-				asm_sysvec_hyperv_stimer0);
+		install_system_interrupt_handler(HYPERV_STIMER0_VECTOR,
+						 asm_sysvec_hyperv_stimer0,
+						 sysvec_hyperv_stimer0);
 	}
 
 # ifdef CONFIG_SMP
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c b/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c
index d4e48b4a438b..b7388ed2a980 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/kvm.c
@@ -835,7 +835,9 @@ static void __init kvm_guest_init(void)
 
 	if (kvm_para_has_feature(KVM_FEATURE_ASYNC_PF_INT) && kvmapf) {
 		static_branch_enable(&kvm_async_pf_enabled);
-		alloc_intr_gate(HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR, asm_sysvec_kvm_asyncpf_interrupt);
+		install_system_interrupt_handler(HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR,
+						 asm_sysvec_kvm_asyncpf_interrupt,
+						 sysvec_kvm_asyncpf_interrupt);
 	}
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
index 8f751c06c052..2b8530235e47 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1491,6 +1491,14 @@ static system_interrupt_handler system_interrupt_handlers[NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS] = {
 
 #undef SYSV
 
+void __init install_system_interrupt_handler(unsigned int n, const void *asm_addr, const void *addr)
+{
+	BUG_ON(n < FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR);
+
+	system_interrupt_handlers[n - FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR] = (system_interrupt_handler)addr;
+	alloc_intr_gate(n, asm_addr);
+}
+
 void __init trap_init(void)
 {
 	/* Init cpu_entry_area before IST entries are set up */
diff --git a/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c b/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c
index c443f04aaad7..1a9eaf417acc 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include <asm/irq.h>
 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
 #include <asm/i8259.h>
+#include <asm/traps.h>
 #include <asm/xen/cpuid.h>
 #include <asm/xen/pci.h>
 #endif
@@ -2246,7 +2247,9 @@ static __init void xen_alloc_callback_vector(void)
 		return;
 
 	pr_info("Xen HVM callback vector for event delivery is enabled\n");
-	alloc_intr_gate(HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR, asm_sysvec_xen_hvm_callback);
+	install_system_interrupt_handler(HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR,
+					 asm_sysvec_xen_hvm_callback,
+					 sysvec_xen_hvm_callback);
 }
 #else
 void xen_setup_callback_vector(void) {}
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 04/32] x86/traps: add external_interrupt() to dispatch external interrupts

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add external_interrupt() to dispatch external interrupts to their
handlers. If an external interrupt is a system interrupt, dipatch
it through system_interrupt_handler_table, otherwise call into
dispatch_common_interrupt().

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Co-developed-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/traps.c | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
index 2b8530235e47..c35dd2b4d146 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1499,6 +1499,43 @@ void __init install_system_interrupt_handler(unsigned int n, const void *asm_add
 	alloc_intr_gate(n, asm_addr);
 }
 
+#ifndef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
+DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(spurious_interrupt)
+{
+	pr_info("Spurious interrupt (vector 0x%x) on CPU#%d, should never happen.\n",
+		vector, smp_processor_id());
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * External interrupt dispatch function.
+ *
+ * Until/unless dispatch_common_interrupt() can be taught to deal with the
+ * special system vectors, split the dispatch.
+ *
+ * Note: dispatch_common_interrupt() already deals with IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR.
+ */
+int external_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int vector)
+{
+	unsigned int sysvec = vector - FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR;
+
+	if (vector < FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR) {
+		pr_err("invalid external interrupt vector %d\n", vector);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (sysvec < NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS) {
+		if (system_interrupt_handlers[sysvec])
+			system_interrupt_handlers[sysvec](regs);
+		else
+			dispatch_spurious_interrupt(regs, vector);
+	} else {
+		dispatch_common_interrupt(regs, vector);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void __init trap_init(void)
 {
 	/* Init cpu_entry_area before IST entries are set up */
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 05/32] x86/traps: add exc_raise_irq() for VMX IRQ reinjection

[Xin Li]

To eliminate dispatching IRQ through the IDT, add exc_raise_irq(),
which calls external_interrupt() for IRQ reinjection.

Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h |  2 ++
 arch/x86/kernel/traps.c      | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
index 46f5e4e2a346..366b1675c033 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
@@ -56,4 +56,6 @@ void __noreturn handle_stack_overflow(struct pt_regs *regs,
 	void f (struct pt_regs *regs)
 typedef DECLARE_SYSTEM_INTERRUPT_HANDLER((*system_interrupt_handler));
 
+int exc_raise_irq(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector);
+
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_TRAPS_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
index c35dd2b4d146..99386836b02e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1536,6 +1536,24 @@ int external_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int vector)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM_INTEL)
+/*
+ * KVM VMX reinjects IRQ on its current stack, it's a sync call
+ * thus the values in the pt_regs structure are not used in
+ * executing IRQ handlers, except cs.RPL and flags.IF, which
+ * are both always 0 in the VMX IRQ reinjection context.
+ *
+ * However, the pt_regs structure is sometimes used in stack
+ * dump, e.g., show_regs(). So let the caller, i.e., KVM VMX
+ * decide how to initialize the input pt_regs structure.
+ */
+int exc_raise_irq(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector)
+{
+	return external_interrupt(regs, vector);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(exc_raise_irq);
+#endif
+
 void __init trap_init(void)
 {
 	/* Init cpu_entry_area before IST entries are set up */
-- 
2.34.1

RE: [RFC PATCH 05/32] x86/traps: add exc_raise_irq() for VMX IRQ reinjection

[Li, Xin3]

> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
> index 46f5e4e2a346..366b1675c033 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
> @@ -56,4 +56,6 @@ void __noreturn handle_stack_overflow(struct pt_regs
> *regs,
>  	void f (struct pt_regs *regs)
>  typedef DECLARE_SYSTEM_INTERRUPT_HANDLER((*system_interrupt_handler));
> 
> +int exc_raise_irq(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector);
> +
>  #endif /* _ASM_X86_TRAPS_H */
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
> index c35dd2b4d146..99386836b02e 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
> @@ -1536,6 +1536,24 @@ int external_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned
> int vector)
>  	return 0;
>  }
> 
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM_INTEL)
> +/*
> + * KVM VMX reinjects IRQ on its current stack, it's a sync call
> + * thus the values in the pt_regs structure are not used in
> + * executing IRQ handlers, except cs.RPL and flags.IF, which
> + * are both always 0 in the VMX IRQ reinjection context.
> + *
> + * However, the pt_regs structure is sometimes used in stack
> + * dump, e.g., show_regs(). So let the caller, i.e., KVM VMX
> + * decide how to initialize the input pt_regs structure.
> + */
> +int exc_raise_irq(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector)
> +{
> +	return external_interrupt(regs, vector);
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(exc_raise_irq);
> +#endif

Maybe it's better to simply export external_interrupt()

 +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(external_interrupt);

Then I don't need to add exc_raise_irq().

> +
>  void __init trap_init(void)
>  {
>  	/* Init cpu_entry_area before IST entries are set up */
> --
> 2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 06/32] x86/cpufeature: add the cpu feature bit for FRED

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add the CPU feature bit for FRED (Flexible Return and Event Delivery).

The Intel flexible return and event delivery (FRED) architecture defines simple
new transitions that change privilege level (ring transitions).  The FRED
architecture was designed with the following goals:
1) Improve overall performance and response time by replacing event delivery
through the interrupt descriptor table (IDT event delivery) and event return by
the IRET instruction with lower latency transitions.
2) Improve software robustness by ensuring that event delivery establishes the
full supervisor context and that event return establishes the full user context.

The new transitions defined by the FRED architecture are FRED event delivery and,
for returning from events, two FRED return instructions. FRED event delivery can
effect a transition from ring 3 to ring 0, but it is used also to deliver events
incident to ring 0. One FRED instruction (ERETU) effects a return from ring 0 to
ring 3, while the other (ERETS) returns while remaining in ring 0.

The Intel FRED architecture spec can be downloaded from:
	https://cdrdv2.intel.com/v1/dl/getContent/678938

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h       | 1 +
 tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h | 1 +
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index 29f53b31056e..6148e8a94d24 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@
 #define X86_FEATURE_AVX_VNNI		(12*32+ 4) /* AVX VNNI instructions */
 #define X86_FEATURE_AVX512_BF16		(12*32+ 5) /* AVX512 BFLOAT16 instructions */
 #define X86_FEATURE_LKGS		(12*32+ 18) /* "" Load "kernel" (userspace) gs */
+#define X86_FEATURE_FRED		(12*32+ 17) /* Flexible Return and Event Delivery */
 
 /* AMD-defined CPU features, CPUID level 0x80000008 (EBX), word 13 */
 #define X86_FEATURE_CLZERO		(13*32+ 0) /* CLZERO instruction */
diff --git a/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index 3dc1a48c2796..41d1e1b4a6cb 100644
--- a/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -308,6 +308,7 @@
 /* Intel-defined CPU features, CPUID level 0x00000007:1 (EAX), word 12 */
 #define X86_FEATURE_AVX_VNNI		(12*32+ 4) /* AVX VNNI instructions */
 #define X86_FEATURE_AVX512_BF16		(12*32+ 5) /* AVX512 BFLOAT16 instructions */
+#define X86_FEATURE_FRED		(12*32+ 17) /* Flexible Return and Event Delivery */
 #define X86_FEATURE_LKGS		(12*32+ 18) /* "" Load "kernel" (userspace) gs */
 
 /* AMD-defined CPU features, CPUID level 0x80000008 (EBX), word 13 */
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 07/32] x86/opcode: add ERETU, ERETS instructions to x86-opcode-map

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add the instruction opcodes used by FRED: ERETU, ERETS.
Opcode number is per public FRED draft spec v3.0
https://cdrdv2.intel.com/v1/dl/getContent/678938.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt       | 2 +-
 tools/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt b/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt
index 5168ee0360b2..7a269e269dc0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt
@@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@ EndTable
 
 GrpTable: Grp7
 0: SGDT Ms | VMCALL (001),(11B) | VMLAUNCH (010),(11B) | VMRESUME (011),(11B) | VMXOFF (100),(11B) | PCONFIG (101),(11B) | ENCLV (000),(11B)
-1: SIDT Ms | MONITOR (000),(11B) | MWAIT (001),(11B) | CLAC (010),(11B) | STAC (011),(11B) | ENCLS (111),(11B)
+1: SIDT Ms | MONITOR (000),(11B) | MWAIT (001),(11B) | CLAC (010),(11B) | STAC (011),(11B) | ENCLS (111),(11B) | ERETU (F3),(010),(11B) | ERETS (F2),(010),(11B)
 2: LGDT Ms | XGETBV (000),(11B) | XSETBV (001),(11B) | VMFUNC (100),(11B) | XEND (101)(11B) | XTEST (110)(11B) | ENCLU (111),(11B)
 3: LIDT Ms
 4: SMSW Mw/Rv
diff --git a/tools/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt b/tools/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt
index 5168ee0360b2..7a269e269dc0 100644
--- a/tools/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt
+++ b/tools/arch/x86/lib/x86-opcode-map.txt
@@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@ EndTable
 
 GrpTable: Grp7
 0: SGDT Ms | VMCALL (001),(11B) | VMLAUNCH (010),(11B) | VMRESUME (011),(11B) | VMXOFF (100),(11B) | PCONFIG (101),(11B) | ENCLV (000),(11B)
-1: SIDT Ms | MONITOR (000),(11B) | MWAIT (001),(11B) | CLAC (010),(11B) | STAC (011),(11B) | ENCLS (111),(11B)
+1: SIDT Ms | MONITOR (000),(11B) | MWAIT (001),(11B) | CLAC (010),(11B) | STAC (011),(11B) | ENCLS (111),(11B) | ERETU (F3),(010),(11B) | ERETS (F2),(010),(11B)
 2: LGDT Ms | XGETBV (000),(11B) | XSETBV (001),(11B) | VMFUNC (100),(11B) | XEND (101)(11B) | XTEST (110)(11B) | ENCLU (111),(11B)
 3: LIDT Ms
 4: SMSW Mw/Rv
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 08/32] x86/objtool: teach objtool about ERETU and ERETS

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Update the objtool decoder to know about the ERETU and ERETS
instructions (type INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH.)

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 tools/objtool/arch/x86/decode.c | 22 ++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/objtool/arch/x86/decode.c b/tools/objtool/arch/x86/decode.c
index 1c253b4b7ce0..fbfe0a39599a 100644
--- a/tools/objtool/arch/x86/decode.c
+++ b/tools/objtool/arch/x86/decode.c
@@ -480,12 +480,22 @@ int arch_decode_instruction(struct objtool_file *file, const struct section *sec
 	case 0x0f:
 
 		if (op2 == 0x01) {
-
-			if (modrm == 0xca)
-				*type = INSN_CLAC;
-			else if (modrm == 0xcb)
-				*type = INSN_STAC;
-
+			switch (insn_last_prefix_id(&insn)) {
+			case INAT_PFX_REPE:
+			case INAT_PFX_REPNE:
+				if (modrm == 0xca) {
+					/* eretu/erets */
+					*type = INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH;
+				}
+				break;
+			default:
+				if (modrm == 0xca) {
+					*type = INSN_CLAC;
+				} else if (modrm == 0xcb) {
+					*type = INSN_STAC;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
 		} else if (op2 >= 0x80 && op2 <= 0x8f) {
 
 			*type = INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL;
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 09/32] x86/cpu: add X86_CR4_FRED macro

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add X86_CR4_FRED macro for the FRED bit in %cr4. This bit should be a
pinned bit, not to be changed after initialization.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/processor-flags.h |  2 ++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c                | 11 ++++++++---
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/processor-flags.h b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/processor-flags.h
index c47cc7f2feeb..a90933f1ff41 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/processor-flags.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/processor-flags.h
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@
 #define X86_CR4_PKE		_BITUL(X86_CR4_PKE_BIT)
 #define X86_CR4_CET_BIT		23 /* enable Control-flow Enforcement Technology */
 #define X86_CR4_CET		_BITUL(X86_CR4_CET_BIT)
+#define X86_CR4_FRED_BIT	32 /* enable FRED kernel entry */
+#define X86_CR4_FRED		_BITULL(X86_CR4_FRED_BIT)
 
 /*
  * x86-64 Task Priority Register, CR8
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index d6eb4f60b47d..05a5538052ad 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -411,10 +411,15 @@ static __always_inline void setup_umip(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 	cr4_clear_bits(X86_CR4_UMIP);
 }
 
-/* These bits should not change their value after CPU init is finished. */
+/*
+ * These bits should not change their value after CPU init is
+ * finished.  The explicit cast to unsigned long suppresses a warning
+ * on i386 for x86-64 only feature bits >= 32.
+ */
 static const unsigned long cr4_pinned_mask =
-	X86_CR4_SMEP | X86_CR4_SMAP | X86_CR4_UMIP |
-	X86_CR4_FSGSBASE | X86_CR4_CET;
+	(unsigned long)
+	(X86_CR4_SMEP | X86_CR4_SMAP | X86_CR4_UMIP |
+	 X86_CR4_FSGSBASE | X86_CR4_CET | X86_CR4_FRED);
 static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE_RO(cr_pinning);
 static unsigned long cr4_pinned_bits __ro_after_init;
 
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 10/32] x86/fred: add Kconfig option for FRED (CONFIG_X86_FRED)

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add the configuration option CONFIG_X86_FRED to enable FRED.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/Kconfig | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index 67745ceab0db..1155d2e06fd1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -500,6 +500,15 @@ config X86_CPU_RESCTRL
 
 	  Say N if unsure.
 
+config X86_FRED
+	bool "Flexible Return and Event Delivery"
+	depends on X86_64
+	help
+	  When enabled, try to use Flexible Return and Event Delivery
+	  instead of the legacy SYSCALL/SYSENTER/IDT architecture for
+	  ring transitions and exception/interrupt handling if the
+	  system supports.
+
 if X86_32
 config X86_BIGSMP
 	bool "Support for big SMP systems with more than 8 CPUs"
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 11/32] x86/fred: if CONFIG_X86_FRED is disabled, disable FRED support

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add CONFIG_X86_FRED to <asm/disabled-features.h> to make
cpu_feature_enabled() work correctly with FRED.

Originally-by: Megha Dey <megha.dey@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h       | 8 +++++++-
 tools/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h | 8 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h
index 33d2cd04d254..3a2d0ad63332 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h
@@ -87,6 +87,12 @@
 # define DISABLE_TDX_GUEST	(1 << (X86_FEATURE_TDX_GUEST & 31))
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+# define DISABLE_FRED 0
+#else
+# define DISABLE_FRED (1 << (X86_FEATURE_FRED & 31))
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Make sure to add features to the correct mask
  */
@@ -102,7 +108,7 @@
 #define DISABLED_MASK9	(DISABLE_SGX)
 #define DISABLED_MASK10	0
 #define DISABLED_MASK11	(DISABLE_RETPOLINE|DISABLE_RETHUNK|DISABLE_UNRET)
-#define DISABLED_MASK12	0
+#define DISABLED_MASK12	(DISABLE_FRED)
 #define DISABLED_MASK13	0
 #define DISABLED_MASK14	0
 #define DISABLED_MASK15	0
diff --git a/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h b/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h
index 33d2cd04d254..3a2d0ad63332 100644
--- a/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h
+++ b/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h
@@ -87,6 +87,12 @@
 # define DISABLE_TDX_GUEST	(1 << (X86_FEATURE_TDX_GUEST & 31))
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+# define DISABLE_FRED 0
+#else
+# define DISABLE_FRED (1 << (X86_FEATURE_FRED & 31))
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Make sure to add features to the correct mask
  */
@@ -102,7 +108,7 @@
 #define DISABLED_MASK9	(DISABLE_SGX)
 #define DISABLED_MASK10	0
 #define DISABLED_MASK11	(DISABLE_RETPOLINE|DISABLE_RETHUNK|DISABLE_UNRET)
-#define DISABLED_MASK12	0
+#define DISABLED_MASK12	(DISABLE_FRED)
 #define DISABLED_MASK13	0
 #define DISABLED_MASK14	0
 #define DISABLED_MASK15	0
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 12/32] x86/cpu: add MSR numbers for FRED configuration

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add MSR numbers for the FRED configuration registers.

Originally-by: Megha Dey <megha.dey@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h       | 12 +++++++++++-
 tools/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h | 12 +++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
index 4a2af82553e4..dea9223ec9ba 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
@@ -39,8 +39,18 @@
 #define EFER_LMSLE		(1<<_EFER_LMSLE)
 #define EFER_FFXSR		(1<<_EFER_FFXSR)
 
-/* Intel MSRs. Some also available on other CPUs */
+/* FRED MSRs */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0	0x1cc /* Level 0 stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1	0x1cd /* Level 1 stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2	0x1ce /* Level 2 stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3	0x1cf /* Level 3 stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS	0x1d0 /* Exception stack levels */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_SSP1	0x1d1 /* Level 1 shadow stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_SSP2	0x1d2 /* Level 2 shadow stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_SSP3	0x1d3 /* Level 3 shadow stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_CONFIG	0x1d4 /* Entrypoint and interrupt stack level */
 
+/* Intel MSRs. Some also available on other CPUs */
 #define MSR_TEST_CTRL				0x00000033
 #define MSR_TEST_CTRL_SPLIT_LOCK_DETECT_BIT	29
 #define MSR_TEST_CTRL_SPLIT_LOCK_DETECT		BIT(MSR_TEST_CTRL_SPLIT_LOCK_DETECT_BIT)
diff --git a/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h b/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
index f17ade084720..5c9d9040dd04 100644
--- a/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
+++ b/tools/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
@@ -39,8 +39,18 @@
 #define EFER_LMSLE		(1<<_EFER_LMSLE)
 #define EFER_FFXSR		(1<<_EFER_FFXSR)
 
-/* Intel MSRs. Some also available on other CPUs */
+/* FRED MSRs */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0	0x1cc /* Level 0 stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1	0x1cd /* Level 1 stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2	0x1ce /* Level 2 stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3	0x1cf /* Level 3 stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS	0x1d0 /* Exception stack levels */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_SSP1	0x1d1 /* Level 1 shadow stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_SSP2	0x1d2 /* Level 2 shadow stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_SSP3	0x1d3 /* Level 3 shadow stack pointer */
+#define MSR_IA32_FRED_CONFIG	0x1d4 /* Entrypoint and interrupt stack level */
 
+/* Intel MSRs. Some also available on other CPUs */
 #define MSR_TEST_CTRL				0x00000033
 #define MSR_TEST_CTRL_SPLIT_LOCK_DETECT_BIT	29
 #define MSR_TEST_CTRL_SPLIT_LOCK_DETECT		BIT(MSR_TEST_CTRL_SPLIT_LOCK_DETECT_BIT)
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 13/32] x86/fred: header file for event types

[Xin Li]

FRED inherits the Intel VT-x enhancement of classified events with
a two-level event dispatch logic. The first-level dispatch is on
the event type, not the event vector as used in the IDT architecture.
This also means that vectors in different event types are orthogonal,
e.g., vectors 0x10-0x1f become available as hardware interrupts.

Add a header file for event types, and also use it in <asm/vmx.h>.

Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/event-type.h | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h        | 17 +++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/event-type.h

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/event-type.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/event-type.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fedaa0e492c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/event-type.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef _ASM_X86_EVENT_TYPE_H
+#define _ASM_X86_EVENT_TYPE_H
+
+/*
+ * Event type codes: these are the same that are used by VTx.
+ */
+#define EVENT_TYPE_HWINT	0	/* Maskable external interrupt */
+#define EVENT_TYPE_RESERVED	1
+#define EVENT_TYPE_NMI		2	/* Non-maskable interrupt */
+#define EVENT_TYPE_HWFAULT	3	/* Hardware exceptions (e.g., page fault) */
+#define EVENT_TYPE_SWINT	4	/* Software interrupt (INT n) */
+#define EVENT_TYPE_PRIVSW	5	/* INT1 (ICEBP) */
+#define EVENT_TYPE_SWFAULT	6	/* Software exception (INT3 or INTO) */
+#define EVENT_TYPE_OTHER	7	/* FRED: SYSCALL/SYSENTER */
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h
index 498dc600bd5c..8d9b8b0d8e56 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <uapi/asm/vmx.h>
+#include <asm/event-type.h>
 #include <asm/vmxfeatures.h>
 
 #define VMCS_CONTROL_BIT(x)	BIT(VMX_FEATURE_##x & 0x1f)
@@ -372,14 +373,14 @@ enum vmcs_field {
 #define VECTORING_INFO_DELIVER_CODE_MASK    	INTR_INFO_DELIVER_CODE_MASK
 #define VECTORING_INFO_VALID_MASK       	INTR_INFO_VALID_MASK
 
-#define INTR_TYPE_EXT_INTR              (0 << 8) /* external interrupt */
-#define INTR_TYPE_RESERVED              (1 << 8) /* reserved */
-#define INTR_TYPE_NMI_INTR		(2 << 8) /* NMI */
-#define INTR_TYPE_HARD_EXCEPTION	(3 << 8) /* processor exception */
-#define INTR_TYPE_SOFT_INTR             (4 << 8) /* software interrupt */
-#define INTR_TYPE_PRIV_SW_EXCEPTION	(5 << 8) /* ICE breakpoint - undocumented */
-#define INTR_TYPE_SOFT_EXCEPTION	(6 << 8) /* software exception */
-#define INTR_TYPE_OTHER_EVENT           (7 << 8) /* other event */
+#define INTR_TYPE_EXT_INTR		(EVENT_TYPE_HWINT << 8)		/* external interrupt */
+#define INTR_TYPE_RESERVED		(EVENT_TYPE_RESERVED << 8)	/* reserved */
+#define INTR_TYPE_NMI_INTR		(EVENT_TYPE_NMI << 8)		/* NMI */
+#define INTR_TYPE_HARD_EXCEPTION	(EVENT_TYPE_HWFAULT << 8)	/* processor exception */
+#define INTR_TYPE_SOFT_INTR		(EVENT_TYPE_SWINT << 8)		/* software interrupt */
+#define INTR_TYPE_PRIV_SW_EXCEPTION	(EVENT_TYPE_PRIVSW << 8)	/* ICE breakpoint - undocumented */
+#define INTR_TYPE_SOFT_EXCEPTION	(EVENT_TYPE_SWFAULT << 8)	/* software exception */
+#define INTR_TYPE_OTHER_EVENT		(EVENT_TYPE_OTHER << 8)		/* other event */
 
 /* GUEST_INTERRUPTIBILITY_INFO flags. */
 #define GUEST_INTR_STATE_STI		0x00000001
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 14/32] x86/fred: header file with FRED definitions

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add a header file for FRED prototypes and definitions.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h | 99 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 99 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6292b28d461d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
+ *
+ * Macros for Flexible Return and Event Delivery (FRED)
+ */
+
+#ifndef ASM_X86_FRED_H
+#define ASM_X86_FRED_H
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+
+#include <linux/const.h>
+#include <asm/asm.h>
+
+/*
+ * FRED return instructions
+ *
+ * Replace with "ERETS"/"ERETU" once binutils support FRED return instructions.
+ */
+#define ERETS			_ASM_BYTES(0xf2,0x0f,0x01,0xca)
+#define ERETU			_ASM_BYTES(0xf3,0x0f,0x01,0xca)
+
+/*
+ * Event stack level macro for the FRED_STKLVLS MSR.
+ * Usage example: FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF, 3)
+ * Multiple values can be ORd together.
+ */
+#define FRED_STKLVL(v,l)	(_AT(unsigned long, l) << (2*(v)))
+
+/* FRED_CONFIG MSR */
+#define FRED_CONFIG_CSL_MASK		0x3
+#define FRED_CONFIG_SHADOW_STACK_SPACE	_BITUL(3)
+#define FRED_CONFIG_REDZONE(b)		__ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK((b), _UL(0x3f))
+#define FRED_CONFIG_INT_STKLVL(l)	(_AT(unsigned long, l) << 9)
+#define FRED_CONFIG_ENTRYPOINT(p)	_AT(unsigned long, (p))
+
+/* FRED event type and vector bit width and counts */
+#define FRED_EVENT_TYPE_BITS		3 /* only 3 bits used in FRED 3.0 */
+#define FRED_EVENT_TYPE_COUNT		_BITUL(FRED_EVENT_TYPE_BITS)
+#define FRED_EVENT_VECTOR_BITS		8
+#define FRED_EVENT_VECTOR_COUNT		_BITUL(FRED_EVENT_VECTOR_BITS)
+
+/* FRED EVENT_TYPE_OTHER vector numbers */
+#define FRED_SYSCALL			1
+#define FRED_SYSENTER			2
+
+/* Flags above the CS selector (regs->csl) */
+#define FRED_CSL_ENABLE_NMI		_BITUL(28)
+#define FRED_CSL_ALLOW_SINGLE_STEP	_BITUL(25)
+#define FRED_CSL_INTERRUPT_SHADOW	_BITUL(24)
+
+#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <asm/ptrace.h>
+
+/* FRED stack frame information */
+struct fred_info {
+	unsigned long edata;	/* Event data: CR2, DR6, ... */
+	unsigned long resv;
+};
+
+/* Full format of the FRED stack frame */
+struct fred_frame {
+	struct pt_regs   regs;
+	struct fred_info info;
+};
+
+/* Getting the FRED frame information from a pt_regs pointer */
+static __always_inline struct fred_info *fred_info(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	return &container_of(regs, struct fred_frame, regs)->info;
+}
+
+static __always_inline unsigned long fred_event_data(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	return fred_info(regs)->edata;
+}
+
+/*
+ * How FRED event handlers are called.
+ *
+ * FRED event delivery establishes the full supervisor context
+ * by pushing everything related to the event being delivered
+ * to the FRED stack frame, e.g., the faulting linear address
+ * of a #PF is pushed as event data of the FRED #PF stack frame.
+ * Thus a struct pt_regs has everything needed and it's the only
+ * input parameter required for a FRED event handler.
+ */
+#define DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(f) void f (struct pt_regs *regs)
+#define DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(f) noinstr DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(f)
+typedef DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER((*fred_handler));
+
+#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_X86_FRED */
+
+#endif /* ASM_X86_FRED_H */
-- 
2.34.1

Re: [RFC PATCH 14/32] x86/fred: header file with FRED definitions

[Peter Zijlstra]

> +/*
> + * FRED return instructions
> + *
> + * Replace with "ERETS"/"ERETU" once binutils support FRED return instructions.

binutils version that supports these instructions goes here...

> + */
> +#define ERETS			_ASM_BYTES(0xf2,0x0f,0x01,0xca)
> +#define ERETU			_ASM_BYTES(0xf3,0x0f,0x01,0xca)
> +
> +/*
> + * Event stack level macro for the FRED_STKLVLS MSR.
> + * Usage example: FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF, 3)
> + * Multiple values can be ORd together.
> + */
> +#define FRED_STKLVL(v,l)	(_AT(unsigned long, l) << (2*(v)))
> +
> +/* FRED_CONFIG MSR */
> +#define FRED_CONFIG_CSL_MASK		0x3
> +#define FRED_CONFIG_SHADOW_STACK_SPACE	_BITUL(3)
> +#define FRED_CONFIG_REDZONE(b)		__ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK((b), _UL(0x3f))
> +#define FRED_CONFIG_INT_STKLVL(l)	(_AT(unsigned long, l) << 9)
> +#define FRED_CONFIG_ENTRYPOINT(p)	_AT(unsigned long, (p))
> +
> +/* FRED event type and vector bit width and counts */
> +#define FRED_EVENT_TYPE_BITS		3 /* only 3 bits used in FRED 3.0 */
> +#define FRED_EVENT_TYPE_COUNT		_BITUL(FRED_EVENT_TYPE_BITS)
> +#define FRED_EVENT_VECTOR_BITS		8
> +#define FRED_EVENT_VECTOR_COUNT		_BITUL(FRED_EVENT_VECTOR_BITS)
> +
> +/* FRED EVENT_TYPE_OTHER vector numbers */
> +#define FRED_SYSCALL			1
> +#define FRED_SYSENTER			2
> +
> +/* Flags above the CS selector (regs->csl) */
> +#define FRED_CSL_ENABLE_NMI		_BITUL(28)
> +#define FRED_CSL_ALLOW_SINGLE_STEP	_BITUL(25)
> +#define FRED_CSL_INTERRUPT_SHADOW	_BITUL(24)

What's the state of IBT WAIT-FOR-ENDBR vs this? That really should also
get a high CS bit.

RE: [RFC PATCH 14/32] x86/fred: header file with FRED definitions

[Li, Xin3]

> > +/*
> > + * FRED return instructions
> > + *
> > + * Replace with "ERETS"/"ERETU" once binutils support FRED return
> instructions.
> 
> binutils version that supports these instructions goes here...
> 
> > + */
> > +#define ERETS			_ASM_BYTES(0xf2,0x0f,0x01,0xca)
> > +#define ERETU			_ASM_BYTES(0xf3,0x0f,0x01,0xca)
> > +
> > +/*
> > + * Event stack level macro for the FRED_STKLVLS MSR.
> > + * Usage example: FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF, 3)
> > + * Multiple values can be ORd together.
> > + */
> > +#define FRED_STKLVL(v,l)	(_AT(unsigned long, l) << (2*(v)))
> > +
> > +/* FRED_CONFIG MSR */
> > +#define FRED_CONFIG_CSL_MASK		0x3
> > +#define FRED_CONFIG_SHADOW_STACK_SPACE	_BITUL(3)
> > +#define FRED_CONFIG_REDZONE(b)		__ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK((b),
> _UL(0x3f))
> > +#define FRED_CONFIG_INT_STKLVL(l)	(_AT(unsigned long, l) << 9)
> > +#define FRED_CONFIG_ENTRYPOINT(p)	_AT(unsigned long, (p))
> > +
> > +/* FRED event type and vector bit width and counts */
> > +#define FRED_EVENT_TYPE_BITS		3 /* only 3 bits used in FRED 3.0
> */
> > +#define FRED_EVENT_TYPE_COUNT		_BITUL(FRED_EVENT_TYPE_BITS)
> > +#define FRED_EVENT_VECTOR_BITS		8
> > +#define FRED_EVENT_VECTOR_COUNT
> 	_BITUL(FRED_EVENT_VECTOR_BITS)
> > +
> > +/* FRED EVENT_TYPE_OTHER vector numbers */
> > +#define FRED_SYSCALL			1
> > +#define FRED_SYSENTER			2
> > +
> > +/* Flags above the CS selector (regs->csl) */
> > +#define FRED_CSL_ENABLE_NMI		_BITUL(28)
> > +#define FRED_CSL_ALLOW_SINGLE_STEP	_BITUL(25)
> > +#define FRED_CSL_INTERRUPT_SHADOW	_BITUL(24)
> 
> What's the state of IBT WAIT-FOR-ENDBR vs this? That really should also get a
> high CS bit.

FRED does provide more possibilities :)

Re: [RFC PATCH 14/32] x86/fred: header file with FRED definitions

[Peter Zijlstra]

On Wed, Dec 21, 2022 at 02:58:06AM +0000, Li, Xin3 wrote:

> > > +/* Flags above the CS selector (regs->csl) */
> > > +#define FRED_CSL_ENABLE_NMI		_BITUL(28)
> > > +#define FRED_CSL_ALLOW_SINGLE_STEP	_BITUL(25)
> > > +#define FRED_CSL_INTERRUPT_SHADOW	_BITUL(24)
> > 
> > What's the state of IBT WAIT-FOR-ENDBR vs this? That really should also get a
> > high CS bit.
> 
> FRED does provide more possibilities :)

That's not an answer. IBT has a clear defect and FRED *should* fix it.

Re: [RFC PATCH 14/32] x86/fred: header file with FRED definitions

[H. Peter Anvin]

On December 22, 2022 5:03:57 AM PST, Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> wrote:
>On Wed, Dec 21, 2022 at 02:58:06AM +0000, Li, Xin3 wrote:
>
>> > > +/* Flags above the CS selector (regs->csl) */
>> > > +#define FRED_CSL_ENABLE_NMI		_BITUL(28)
>> > > +#define FRED_CSL_ALLOW_SINGLE_STEP	_BITUL(25)
>> > > +#define FRED_CSL_INTERRUPT_SHADOW	_BITUL(24)
>> > 
>> > What's the state of IBT WAIT-FOR-ENDBR vs this? That really should also get a
>> > high CS bit.
>> 
>> FRED does provide more possibilities :)
>
>That's not an answer. IBT has a clear defect and FRED *should* fix it.

You are not wrong, of course. That being said, we have not wanted to hitch too many things to the FRED baseline, lest it ends up delayed for implementation/validation reasons. The important thing is that FRED *does* provide the mechanism for addressing that even if it does not make the first implementation.

[RFC PATCH 15/32] x86/fred: make unions for the cs and ss fields in struct pt_regs

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Make the cs and ss fields in struct pt_regs unions between the actual
selector and the unsigned long stack slot. FRED uses this space to
store additional flags.

The printk changes are simply due to the cs and ss fields changed to
unsigned short from unsigned long.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/entry/vsyscall/vsyscall_64.c |  2 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h         | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c          |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/vsyscall/vsyscall_64.c b/arch/x86/entry/vsyscall/vsyscall_64.c
index 4af81df133ee..6349c818d20a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/vsyscall/vsyscall_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/vsyscall/vsyscall_64.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ static void warn_bad_vsyscall(const char *level, struct pt_regs *regs,
 	if (!show_unhandled_signals)
 		return;
 
-	printk_ratelimited("%s%s[%d] %s ip:%lx cs:%lx sp:%lx ax:%lx si:%lx di:%lx\n",
+	printk_ratelimited("%s%s[%d] %s ip:%lx cs:%x sp:%lx ax:%lx si:%lx di:%lx\n",
 			   level, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current),
 			   message, regs->ip, regs->cs,
 			   regs->sp, regs->ax, regs->si, regs->di);
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h
index f4db78b09c8f..341e44847cc1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h
@@ -82,13 +82,41 @@ struct pt_regs {
  * On hw interrupt, it's IRQ number:
  */
 	unsigned long orig_ax;
-/* Return frame for iretq */
+
+	/* Return frame for iretq/eretu/erets */
 	unsigned long ip;
-	unsigned long cs;
+	union {
+		unsigned long  csl; /* CS + any fields above it */
+		struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {
+			unsigned short cs;  /* CS selector proper */
+			unsigned int current_stack_level: 2;
+			unsigned int __csl_resv1	: 6;
+			unsigned int interrupt_shadowed	: 1;
+			unsigned int software_initiated	: 1;
+			unsigned int __csl_resv2	: 2;
+			unsigned int nmi		: 1;
+			unsigned int __csl_resv3	: 3;
+			unsigned int __csl_resv4	: 32;
+		};
+	};
 	unsigned long flags;
 	unsigned long sp;
-	unsigned long ss;
-/* top of stack page */
+	union {
+		unsigned long  ssl; /* SS + any fields above it */
+		struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {
+			unsigned short ss;  /* SS selector proper */
+			unsigned int __ssl_resv1: 16;
+			unsigned int vector	: 8;
+			unsigned int __ssl_resv2: 8;
+			unsigned int type	: 4;
+			unsigned int __ssl_resv3: 4;
+			unsigned int enclv	: 1;
+			unsigned int long_mode	: 1;
+			unsigned int nested	: 1;
+			unsigned int __ssl_resv4: 1;
+			unsigned int instr_len	: 4;
+		};
+	};
 };
 
 #endif /* !__i386__ */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index 6b3418bff326..bfe6179b7a17 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ void __show_regs(struct pt_regs *regs, enum show_regs_mode mode,
 
 	printk("%sFS:  %016lx(%04x) GS:%016lx(%04x) knlGS:%016lx\n",
 	       log_lvl, fs, fsindex, gs, gsindex, shadowgs);
-	printk("%sCS:  %04lx DS: %04x ES: %04x CR0: %016lx\n",
+	printk("%sCS:  %04x DS: %04x ES: %04x CR0: %016lx\n",
 		log_lvl, regs->cs, ds, es, cr0);
 	printk("%sCR2: %016lx CR3: %016lx CR4: %016lx\n",
 		log_lvl, cr2, cr3, cr4);
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 16/32] x86/fred: reserve space for the FRED stack frame

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

When using FRED, reserve space at the top of the stack frame, just
like i386 does. A future version of FRED might have dynamic frame
sizes, though, in which case it might be necessary to make
TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING a variable instead of a constant.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
index f0cb881c1d69..fea0e69fc3d4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@
  * In vm86 mode, the hardware frame is much longer still, so add 16
  * bytes to make room for the real-mode segments.
  *
- * x86_64 has a fixed-length stack frame.
+ * x86-64 has a fixed-length stack frame, but it depends on whether
+ * or not FRED is enabled. Future versions of FRED might make this
+ * dynamic, but for now it is always 2 words longer.
  */
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 # ifdef CONFIG_VM86
@@ -39,8 +41,12 @@
 # else
 #  define TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING 8
 # endif
-#else
-# define TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING 0
+#else /* x86-64 */
+# ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+#  define TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING (2*8)
+# else
+#  define TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING 0
+# endif
 #endif
 
 /*
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 17/32] x86/fred: add a page fault entry stub for FRED

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add a page fault entry stub for FRED.

On a FRED system, the faulting address (CR2) is passed on the stack,
to avoid the problem of transient state. Thus we get the page fault
address from the stack instead of CR2.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h |  2 ++
 arch/x86/mm/fault.c         | 20 ++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
index 6292b28d461d..38a90eae7c0f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ static __always_inline unsigned long fred_event_data(struct pt_regs *regs)
 #define DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(f) noinstr DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(f)
 typedef DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER((*fred_handler));
 
+DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_page_fault);
+
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_FRED */
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/fault.c b/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
index 7b0d4ab894c8..f31053f32048 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <asm/kvm_para.h>		/* kvm_handle_async_pf		*/
 #include <asm/vdso.h>			/* fixup_vdso_exception()	*/
 #include <asm/irq_stack.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>			/* fred_event_data()	*/
 
 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include <asm/trace/exceptions.h>
@@ -1528,9 +1529,10 @@ handle_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(exc_page_fault)
+static __always_inline void page_fault_common(struct pt_regs *regs,
+					      unsigned int error_code,
+					      unsigned long address)
 {
-	unsigned long address = read_cr2();
 	irqentry_state_t state;
 
 	prefetchw(&current->mm->mmap_lock);
@@ -1577,3 +1579,17 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(exc_page_fault)
 
 	irqentry_exit(regs, state);
 }
+
+DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(exc_page_fault)
+{
+	page_fault_common(regs, error_code, read_cr2());
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+
+DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_page_fault)
+{
+	page_fault_common(regs, regs->orig_ax, fred_event_data(regs));
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_X86_FRED */
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 18/32] x86/fred: add a debug fault entry stub for FRED

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Add a debug fault entry stub for FRED.

On a FRED system, the debug trap status information (DR6) is passed
on the stack, to avoid the problem of transient state. Furthermore,
FRED transitions avoid a lot of ugly corner cases the handling of which
can, and should be, skipped.

The FRED debug trap status information saved on the stack differs from DR6
in both stickiness and polarity; it is exactly what debug_read_clear_dr6()
returns, and exc_debug_user()/exc_debug_kernel() expect.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h |  1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/traps.c     | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
index 38a90eae7c0f..3089d1c70771 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ static __always_inline unsigned long fred_event_data(struct pt_regs *regs)
 #define DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(f) noinstr DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(f)
 typedef DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER((*fred_handler));
 
+DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_debug);
 DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_page_fault);
 
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
index 99386836b02e..b0ee83bab9e6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include <asm/debugreg.h>
 #include <asm/realmode.h>
 #include <asm/text-patching.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
 #include <asm/ftrace.h>
 #include <asm/traps.h>
 #include <asm/desc.h>
@@ -1020,22 +1021,9 @@ static bool notify_debug(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long *dr6)
 	return false;
 }
 
-static __always_inline void exc_debug_kernel(struct pt_regs *regs,
-					     unsigned long dr6)
+static __always_inline void debug_kernel_common(struct pt_regs *regs,
+						unsigned long dr6)
 {
-	/*
-	 * Disable breakpoints during exception handling; recursive exceptions
-	 * are exceedingly 'fun'.
-	 *
-	 * Since this function is NOKPROBE, and that also applies to
-	 * HW_BREAKPOINT_X, we can't hit a breakpoint before this (XXX except a
-	 * HW_BREAKPOINT_W on our stack)
-	 *
-	 * Entry text is excluded for HW_BP_X and cpu_entry_area, which
-	 * includes the entry stack is excluded for everything.
-	 */
-	unsigned long dr7 = local_db_save();
-	irqentry_state_t irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
 	instrumentation_begin();
 
 	/*
@@ -1062,7 +1050,8 @@ static __always_inline void exc_debug_kernel(struct pt_regs *regs,
 	 * Catch SYSENTER with TF set and clear DR_STEP. If this hit a
 	 * watchpoint at the same time then that will still be handled.
 	 */
-	if ((dr6 & DR_STEP) && is_sysenter_singlestep(regs))
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED) &&
+	    (dr6 & DR_STEP) && is_sysenter_singlestep(regs))
 		dr6 &= ~DR_STEP;
 
 	/*
@@ -1089,8 +1078,28 @@ static __always_inline void exc_debug_kernel(struct pt_regs *regs,
 		regs->flags &= ~X86_EFLAGS_TF;
 out:
 	instrumentation_end();
-	irqentry_nmi_exit(regs, irq_state);
+}
+
+static __always_inline void exc_debug_kernel(struct pt_regs *regs,
+					     unsigned long dr6)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Disable breakpoints during exception handling; recursive exceptions
+	 * are exceedingly 'fun'.
+	 *
+	 * Since this function is NOKPROBE, and that also applies to
+	 * HW_BREAKPOINT_X, we can't hit a breakpoint before this (XXX except a
+	 * HW_BREAKPOINT_W on our stack)
+	 *
+	 * Entry text is excluded for HW_BP_X and cpu_entry_area, which
+	 * includes the entry stack is excluded for everything.
+	 */
+	unsigned long dr7 = local_db_save();
+	irqentry_state_t irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
+
+	debug_kernel_common(regs, dr6);
 
+	irqentry_nmi_exit(regs, irq_state);
 	local_db_restore(dr7);
 }
 
@@ -1179,6 +1188,24 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_DEBUG_USER(exc_debug)
 {
 	exc_debug_user(regs, debug_read_clear_dr6());
 }
+
+# ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_debug)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The FRED debug information saved onto stack differs from
+	 * DR6 in both stickiness and polarity; it is exactly what
+	 * debug_read_clear_dr6() returns.
+	 */
+	unsigned long dr6 = fred_event_data(regs);
+
+	if (user_mode(regs))
+		exc_debug_user(regs, dr6);
+	else
+		debug_kernel_common(regs, dr6);
+}
+# endif /* CONFIG_X86_FRED */
+
 #else
 /* 32 bit does not have separate entry points. */
 DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW(exc_debug)
-- 
2.34.1

Re: [RFC PATCH 18/32] x86/fred: add a debug fault entry stub for FRED

[Peter Zijlstra]

On Mon, Dec 19, 2022 at 10:36:44PM -0800, Xin Li wrote:

> +static __always_inline void debug_kernel_common(struct pt_regs *regs,
> +						unsigned long dr6)
>  {
> -	/*
> -	 * Disable breakpoints during exception handling; recursive exceptions
> -	 * are exceedingly 'fun'.
> -	 *
> -	 * Since this function is NOKPROBE, and that also applies to
> -	 * HW_BREAKPOINT_X, we can't hit a breakpoint before this (XXX except a
> -	 * HW_BREAKPOINT_W on our stack)
> -	 *
> -	 * Entry text is excluded for HW_BP_X and cpu_entry_area, which
> -	 * includes the entry stack is excluded for everything.
> -	 */
> -	unsigned long dr7 = local_db_save();
> -	irqentry_state_t irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
>  	instrumentation_begin();
>  
>  	/*
> @@ -1062,7 +1050,8 @@ static __always_inline void exc_debug_kernel(struct pt_regs *regs,
>  	 * Catch SYSENTER with TF set and clear DR_STEP. If this hit a
>  	 * watchpoint at the same time then that will still be handled.
>  	 */
> -	if ((dr6 & DR_STEP) && is_sysenter_singlestep(regs))
> +	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED) &&
> +	    (dr6 & DR_STEP) && is_sysenter_singlestep(regs))
>  		dr6 &= ~DR_STEP;
>  
>  	/*
> @@ -1089,8 +1078,28 @@ static __always_inline void exc_debug_kernel(struct pt_regs *regs,
>  		regs->flags &= ~X86_EFLAGS_TF;
>  out:
>  	instrumentation_end();
> -	irqentry_nmi_exit(regs, irq_state);
> +}

Why doesn't the FRED handler get to to use irqentry_nmi_{enter,exit}() ?

> @@ -1179,6 +1188,24 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_DEBUG_USER(exc_debug)
>  {
>  	exc_debug_user(regs, debug_read_clear_dr6());
>  }
> +
> +# ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
> +DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_debug)
> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * The FRED debug information saved onto stack differs from
> +	 * DR6 in both stickiness and polarity; it is exactly what
> +	 * debug_read_clear_dr6() returns.
> +	 */
> +	unsigned long dr6 = fred_event_data(regs);
> +
> +	if (user_mode(regs))
> +		exc_debug_user(regs, dr6);
> +	else
> +		debug_kernel_common(regs, dr6);
> +}
> +# endif /* CONFIG_X86_FRED */

[RFC PATCH 19/32] x86/fred: add a NMI entry stub for FRED

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

On a FRED system, NMIs nest both with themselves and faults, transient
information is saved into the stack frame, and NMI unblocking only
happens when the stack frame indicates that so should happen.

Thus, the NMI entry stub for FRED is really quite small...

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h |  1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c       | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
index 3089d1c70771..66c274a12e26 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ static __always_inline unsigned long fred_event_data(struct pt_regs *regs)
 #define DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(f) noinstr DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(f)
 typedef DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER((*fred_handler));
 
+DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_nmi);
 DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_debug);
 DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_page_fault);
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
index cec0bfa3bc04..d497071a79f2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <asm/cache.h>
 #include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
 #include <asm/sev.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
 
 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include <trace/events/nmi.h>
@@ -537,6 +538,33 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW(exc_nmi_noist)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(asm_exc_nmi_noist);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_nmi)
+{
+	/*
+	 * With FRED, CR2 and DR6 are pushed atomically on faults,
+	 * so we don't have to worry about saving and restoring them.
+	 * Breakpoint faults nest, so assume it is OK to leave DR7
+	 * enabled.
+	 */
+	irqentry_state_t irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
+
+	/*
+	 * VM exit induced by a NMI keeps NMI blocked, and we do
+	 * "int $2" to reinject the NMI w/ NMI kept being blocked.
+	 * However "int $2" doesn't set the nmi bit in the FRED
+	 * stack frame, so we explicitly set it to make sure a
+	 * later ERETS will unblock NMI immediately.
+	 */
+	regs->nmi = 1;
+
+	inc_irq_stat(__nmi_count);
+	default_do_nmi(regs);
+
+	irqentry_nmi_exit(regs, irq_state);
+}
+#endif
+
 void stop_nmi(void)
 {
 	ignore_nmis++;
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 20/32] x86/fred: add a machine check entry stub for FRED

[Xin Li]

Add a machine check entry stub for FRED.

Unlike IDT, no need to save/restore dr7 in FRED machine check handler.

Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h    |  1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
index 66c274a12e26..01678ced5451 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ typedef DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER((*fred_handler));
 DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_nmi);
 DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_debug);
 DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_page_fault);
+DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_machine_check);
 
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c
index 2c8ec5c71712..0186c9b39f5f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 #include <asm/mce.h>
 #include <asm/msr.h>
 #include <asm/reboot.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
 
 #include "internal.h"
 
@@ -2121,6 +2122,16 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_MCE_USER(exc_machine_check)
 	exc_machine_check_user(regs);
 	local_db_restore(dr7);
 }
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_machine_check)
+{
+	if (user_mode(regs))
+		exc_machine_check_user(regs);
+	else
+		exc_machine_check_kernel(regs);
+}
+#endif
 #else
 /* 32bit unified entry point */
 DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW(exc_machine_check)
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 21/32] x86/fred: FRED entry/exit and dispatch code

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

The code to actually handle kernel and event entry/exit using
FRED. It is split up into two files thus:

- entry_64_fred.S contains the actual entrypoints and exit code, and
  saves and restores registers.
- entry_fred.c contains the event multi-level dispatch code for FRED.
  The two-level dispatch is on the event type, and the second-level
  is on the event vector.

Some event handlers, #DB/#BP/#DF/#PF/#MC/#UD, start instrumentation
in their own ways. Dave Hansen suggested to use an exception bitmap
for the checking whether to start instrumentation in the exception
dispatch framework.

Originally-by: Megha Dey <megha.dey@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Co-developed-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/entry/Makefile         |   5 +-
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S  |  55 +++++++
 arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c     | 270 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h |   2 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h    |   2 +
 5 files changed, 333 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/Makefile b/arch/x86/entry/Makefile
index ca2fe186994b..c93e7f5c2a06 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/Makefile
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ obj-y				+= vdso/
 obj-y				+= vsyscall/
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_PREEMPTION)	+= thunk_$(BITS).o
+CFLAGS_entry_fred.o		+= -fno-stack-protector
+CFLAGS_REMOVE_entry_fred.o	+= -pg $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
+obj-$(CONFIG_X86_FRED)		+= entry_64_fred.o entry_fred.o
+
 obj-$(CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION)	+= entry_64_compat.o syscall_32.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_X86_X32_ABI)	+= syscall_x32.o
-
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1fb765fd3871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ *  arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S
+ *
+ * The actual FRED entry points.
+ */
+#include <linux/linkage.h>
+#include <asm/errno.h>
+#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
+
+#include "calling.h"
+
+	.code64
+	.section ".noinstr.text", "ax"
+
+.macro FRED_ENTER
+	UNWIND_HINT_EMPTY
+	PUSH_AND_CLEAR_REGS
+	movq	%rsp, %rdi	/* %rdi -> pt_regs */
+.endm
+
+.macro FRED_EXIT
+	UNWIND_HINT_REGS
+	POP_REGS
+	addq $8,%rsp		/* Drop error code */
+.endm
+
+/*
+ * The new RIP value that FRED event delivery establishes is
+ * IA32_FRED_CONFIG & ~FFFH for events that occur in ring 3.
+ * Thus the FRED ring 3 entry point must be 4K page aligned.
+ */
+	.align 4096
+
+SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(fred_entrypoint_user)
+	FRED_ENTER
+	call	fred_entry_from_user
+SYM_INNER_LABEL(fred_exit_user, SYM_L_GLOBAL)
+	FRED_EXIT
+	ERETU
+SYM_CODE_END(fred_entrypoint_user)
+
+/*
+ * The new RIP value that FRED event delivery establishes is
+ * (IA32_FRED_CONFIG & ~FFFH) + 256 for events that occur in
+ * ring 0, i.e., fred_entrypoint_user + 256.
+ */
+	.org fred_entrypoint_user+256
+SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(fred_entrypoint_kernel)
+	FRED_ENTER
+	call	fred_entry_from_kernel
+	FRED_EXIT
+	ERETS
+SYM_CODE_END(fred_entrypoint_kernel)
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c b/arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..56814ab0b825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c
+ *
+ * This contains the dispatch functions called from the entry point
+ * assembly.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/kdebug.h>		/* oops_begin/end, ...		*/
+#include <linux/nospec.h>
+#include <asm/event-type.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
+#include <asm/idtentry.h>
+#include <asm/syscall.h>
+#include <asm/trapnr.h>
+#include <asm/traps.h>
+#include <asm/kdebug.h>
+
+/*
+ * Badness...
+ */
+static DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_bad_event)
+{
+	irqentry_state_t irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
+
+	instrumentation_begin();
+
+	/* Panic on events from a high stack level */
+	if (regs->current_stack_level > 0) {
+		pr_emerg("PANIC: invalid or fatal FRED event; event type %u "
+			 "vector %u error 0x%lx aux 0x%lx at %04x:%016lx\n",
+			 regs->type, regs->vector, regs->orig_ax,
+			 fred_event_data(regs), regs->cs, regs->ip);
+		die("invalid or fatal FRED event", regs, regs->orig_ax);
+		panic("invalid or fatal FRED event");
+	} else {
+		unsigned long flags = oops_begin();
+		int sig = SIGKILL;
+
+		pr_alert("BUG: invalid or fatal FRED event; event type %u "
+			 "vector %u error 0x%lx aux 0x%lx at %04x:%016lx\n",
+			 regs->type, regs->vector, regs->orig_ax,
+			 fred_event_data(regs), regs->cs, regs->ip);
+
+		if (__die("Invalid or fatal FRED event", regs, regs->orig_ax))
+			sig = 0;
+
+		oops_end(flags, regs, sig);
+	}
+
+	instrumentation_end();
+	irqentry_nmi_exit(regs, irq_state);
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER(func)			\
+static void fred_##func(struct pt_regs *regs)			\
+{								\
+	func (regs);						\
+}
+
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER(exc_divide_error);
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER(exc_overflow);
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER(exc_bounds);
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER(exc_device_not_available);
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER(exc_coprocessor_error);
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER(exc_simd_coprocessor_error);
+
+#define DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ERRORCODE(func)		\
+static void fred_##func(struct pt_regs *regs)			\
+{								\
+	func (regs, regs->orig_ax);				\
+}
+
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ERRORCODE(exc_invalid_tss);
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ERRORCODE(exc_segment_not_present);
+noinstr DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ERRORCODE(exc_double_fault);
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ERRORCODE(exc_stack_segment);
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ERRORCODE(exc_general_protection);
+DEFINE_FRED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER_ERRORCODE(exc_alignment_check);
+
+/*
+ * Exception entry
+ */
+static DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exception)
+{
+	/*
+	 * This intentially omits exceptions that cannot happen on FRED h/w:
+	 * vectors _NOT_ listed are set to NULL.
+	 */
+	static const fred_handler exception_handlers[NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS] = {
+		[X86_TRAP_DE] = fred_exc_divide_error,
+		[X86_TRAP_DB] = fred_exc_debug,
+		[X86_TRAP_NMI] = NULL, /* A separate event type, not handled here */
+		[X86_TRAP_BP] = exc_int3,
+		[X86_TRAP_OF] = fred_exc_overflow,
+		[X86_TRAP_BR] = fred_exc_bounds,
+		[X86_TRAP_UD] = exc_invalid_op,
+		[X86_TRAP_NM] = fred_exc_device_not_available,
+		[X86_TRAP_DF] = fred_exc_double_fault,
+		[X86_TRAP_OLD_MF] = NULL, /* 387 only! */
+		[X86_TRAP_TS] = fred_exc_invalid_tss,
+		[X86_TRAP_NP] = fred_exc_segment_not_present,
+		[X86_TRAP_SS] = fred_exc_stack_segment,
+		[X86_TRAP_GP] = fred_exc_general_protection,
+		[X86_TRAP_PF] = fred_exc_page_fault,
+		[X86_TRAP_SPURIOUS] = NULL, /* Interrupts are their own event type */
+		[X86_TRAP_MF] = fred_exc_coprocessor_error,
+		[X86_TRAP_AC] = fred_exc_alignment_check,
+		[X86_TRAP_MC] = fred_exc_machine_check,
+		[X86_TRAP_XF] = fred_exc_simd_coprocessor_error
+	};
+	static const u32 noinstr_mask = BIT(X86_TRAP_DB) | BIT(X86_TRAP_BP) |
+					BIT(X86_TRAP_DF) | BIT(X86_TRAP_PF) |
+					BIT(X86_TRAP_MC) | BIT(X86_TRAP_UD);
+	u8 vector = array_index_nospec((u8)regs->vector, NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS);
+	irqentry_state_t state;
+
+	if (likely(exception_handlers[vector])) {
+		if (!(BIT(vector) & noinstr_mask)) {
+			state = irqentry_enter(regs);
+			instrumentation_begin();
+		}
+
+		exception_handlers[vector](regs);
+
+		if (!(BIT(vector) & noinstr_mask)) {
+			instrumentation_end();
+			irqentry_exit(regs, state);
+		}
+	} else {
+		return fred_bad_event(regs);
+	}
+}
+
+static __always_inline void fred_emulate_trap(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	regs->type = EVENT_TYPE_SWFAULT;
+	regs->orig_ax = 0;
+	fred_exception(regs);
+}
+
+static __always_inline void fred_emulate_fault(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	regs->ip -= regs->instr_len;
+	fred_emulate_trap(regs);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Emulate SYSENTER if applicable. This is not the preferred system
+ * call in 32-bit mode under FRED, rather int $0x80 is preferred and
+ * exported in the vdso. SYSCALL proper has a hard-coded early out in
+ * fred_entry_from_user().
+ */
+static DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_syscall_slow)
+{
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION) &&
+	    likely(regs->vector == FRED_SYSENTER)) {
+		/* Convert frame to a syscall frame */
+		regs->orig_ax = regs->ax;
+		regs->ax = -ENOSYS;
+		do_fast_syscall_32(regs);
+	} else {
+		regs->vector = X86_TRAP_UD;
+		fred_emulate_fault(regs);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Some software exceptions can also be triggered as int instructions,
+ * for historical reasons. Implement those here. The performance-critical
+ * int $0x80 (32-bit system call) has a hard-coded early out.
+ */
+static DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_sw_interrupt_user)
+{
+	if (likely(regs->vector == IA32_SYSCALL_VECTOR)) {
+		/* Convert frame to a syscall frame */
+		regs->orig_ax = regs->ax;
+		regs->ax = -ENOSYS;
+		return do_int80_syscall_32(regs);
+	}
+
+	switch (regs->vector) {
+	case X86_TRAP_BP:
+	case X86_TRAP_OF:
+		fred_emulate_trap(regs);
+		break;
+	default:
+		regs->vector = X86_TRAP_GP;
+		fred_emulate_fault(regs);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_hw_interrupt)
+{
+	irqentry_state_t state = irqentry_enter(regs);
+
+	instrumentation_begin();
+	external_interrupt(regs, regs->vector);
+	instrumentation_end();
+	irqentry_exit(regs, state);
+}
+
+__visible noinstr void fred_entry_from_user(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	static const fred_handler user_handlers[FRED_EVENT_TYPE_COUNT] =
+	{
+		[EVENT_TYPE_HWINT]	= fred_hw_interrupt,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_RESERVED]	= fred_bad_event,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_NMI]	= fred_exc_nmi,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_SWINT]	= fred_sw_interrupt_user,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_HWFAULT]	= fred_exception,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_SWFAULT]	= fred_exception,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_PRIVSW]	= fred_exception,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_OTHER]	= fred_syscall_slow
+	};
+
+	/*
+	 * FRED employs a two-level event dispatch mechanism, with
+	 * the first-level on the type of an event and the second-level
+	 * on its vector. Thus a dispatch typically induces 2 calls.
+	 * We optimize it by using early outs for the most frequent
+	 * events, and syscalls are the first. We may also need early
+	 * outs for page faults.
+	 */
+	if (likely(regs->type == EVENT_TYPE_OTHER &&
+		   regs->vector == FRED_SYSCALL)) {
+		/* Convert frame to a syscall frame */
+		regs->orig_ax = regs->ax;
+		regs->ax = -ENOSYS;
+		do_syscall_64(regs, regs->orig_ax);
+	} else {
+		/* Not a system call */
+		u8 type = array_index_nospec((u8)regs->type, FRED_EVENT_TYPE_COUNT);
+
+		user_handlers[type](regs);
+	}
+}
+
+static DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_sw_interrupt_kernel)
+{
+	switch (regs->vector) {
+	case X86_TRAP_NMI:
+		fred_exc_nmi(regs);
+		break;
+	default:
+		fred_bad_event(regs);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+__visible noinstr void fred_entry_from_kernel(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	static const fred_handler kernel_handlers[FRED_EVENT_TYPE_COUNT] =
+	{
+		[EVENT_TYPE_HWINT]	= fred_hw_interrupt,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_RESERVED]	= fred_bad_event,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_NMI]	= fred_exc_nmi,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_SWINT]	= fred_sw_interrupt_kernel,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_HWFAULT]	= fred_exception,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_SWFAULT]	= fred_exception,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_PRIVSW]	= fred_exception,
+		[EVENT_TYPE_OTHER]	= fred_bad_event
+	};
+	u8 type = array_index_nospec((u8)regs->type, FRED_EVENT_TYPE_COUNT);
+
+	/* The pt_regs frame on entry here is an exception frame */
+	kernel_handlers[type](regs);
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
index 966d720046f1..5b3b8402e0c5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
@@ -616,6 +616,8 @@ DECLARE_IDTENTRY_RAW(X86_TRAP_MC,	exc_machine_check);
 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_PV
 DECLARE_IDTENTRY_RAW(X86_TRAP_MC,	xenpv_exc_machine_check);
 #endif
+#else
+#define fred_exc_machine_check		(NULL)
 #endif
 
 /* NMI */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
index 366b1675c033..77ffc580e821 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
@@ -58,4 +58,6 @@ typedef DECLARE_SYSTEM_INTERRUPT_HANDLER((*system_interrupt_handler));
 
 int exc_raise_irq(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector);
 
+int external_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int vector);
+
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_TRAPS_H */
-- 
2.34.1

Re: [RFC PATCH 21/32] x86/fred: FRED entry/exit and dispatch code

[Peter Zijlstra]

On Mon, Dec 19, 2022 at 10:36:47PM -0800, Xin Li wrote:

> +static DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exception)
> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * This intentially omits exceptions that cannot happen on FRED h/w:
> +	 * vectors _NOT_ listed are set to NULL.
> +	 */
> +	static const fred_handler exception_handlers[NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS] = {
> +		[X86_TRAP_DE] = fred_exc_divide_error,
> +		[X86_TRAP_DB] = fred_exc_debug,
> +		[X86_TRAP_NMI] = NULL, /* A separate event type, not handled here */
> +		[X86_TRAP_BP] = exc_int3,
> +		[X86_TRAP_OF] = fred_exc_overflow,
> +		[X86_TRAP_BR] = fred_exc_bounds,
> +		[X86_TRAP_UD] = exc_invalid_op,
> +		[X86_TRAP_NM] = fred_exc_device_not_available,
> +		[X86_TRAP_DF] = fred_exc_double_fault,
> +		[X86_TRAP_OLD_MF] = NULL, /* 387 only! */
> +		[X86_TRAP_TS] = fred_exc_invalid_tss,
> +		[X86_TRAP_NP] = fred_exc_segment_not_present,
> +		[X86_TRAP_SS] = fred_exc_stack_segment,
> +		[X86_TRAP_GP] = fred_exc_general_protection,
> +		[X86_TRAP_PF] = fred_exc_page_fault,
> +		[X86_TRAP_SPURIOUS] = NULL, /* Interrupts are their own event type */
> +		[X86_TRAP_MF] = fred_exc_coprocessor_error,
> +		[X86_TRAP_AC] = fred_exc_alignment_check,
> +		[X86_TRAP_MC] = fred_exc_machine_check,
> +		[X86_TRAP_XF] = fred_exc_simd_coprocessor_error
> +	};
> +	static const u32 noinstr_mask = BIT(X86_TRAP_DB) | BIT(X86_TRAP_BP) |
> +					BIT(X86_TRAP_DF) | BIT(X86_TRAP_PF) |
> +					BIT(X86_TRAP_MC) | BIT(X86_TRAP_UD);
> +	u8 vector = array_index_nospec((u8)regs->vector, NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS);
> +	irqentry_state_t state;
> +
> +	if (likely(exception_handlers[vector])) {

Can't you get rid of this branch by stuffing the exception_handlers[]
table with fred_bad_event?

> +		if (!(BIT(vector) & noinstr_mask)) {
> +			state = irqentry_enter(regs);
> +			instrumentation_begin();
> +		}
> +
> +		exception_handlers[vector](regs);
> +
> +		if (!(BIT(vector) & noinstr_mask)) {
> +			instrumentation_end();
> +			irqentry_exit(regs, state);
> +		}

This noinstr mask is daft; why not have DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER and
DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER_RAW or something, have the normal one include the
irqentry bits and use the _RAW one for the 'funny' ones that need to do
it themselves?

> +	} else {
> +		return fred_bad_event(regs);
> +	}

Then all this becomes:

	exception_handlers[vector](regs);

no branches, no nothing.

> +}

RE: [RFC PATCH 21/32] x86/fred: FRED entry/exit and dispatch code

[Li, Xin3]

> > +static DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exception)
> > +{
> > +	/*
> > +	 * This intentially omits exceptions that cannot happen on FRED h/w:
> > +	 * vectors _NOT_ listed are set to NULL.
> > +	 */
> > +	static const fred_handler
> exception_handlers[NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS] = {
> > +		[X86_TRAP_DE] = fred_exc_divide_error,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_DB] = fred_exc_debug,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_NMI] = NULL, /* A separate event type, not handled
> here */
> > +		[X86_TRAP_BP] = exc_int3,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_OF] = fred_exc_overflow,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_BR] = fred_exc_bounds,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_UD] = exc_invalid_op,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_NM] = fred_exc_device_not_available,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_DF] = fred_exc_double_fault,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_OLD_MF] = NULL, /* 387 only! */
> > +		[X86_TRAP_TS] = fred_exc_invalid_tss,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_NP] = fred_exc_segment_not_present,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_SS] = fred_exc_stack_segment,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_GP] = fred_exc_general_protection,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_PF] = fred_exc_page_fault,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_SPURIOUS] = NULL, /* Interrupts are their own event
> type */
> > +		[X86_TRAP_MF] = fred_exc_coprocessor_error,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_AC] = fred_exc_alignment_check,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_MC] = fred_exc_machine_check,
> > +		[X86_TRAP_XF] = fred_exc_simd_coprocessor_error
> > +	};
> > +	static const u32 noinstr_mask = BIT(X86_TRAP_DB) | BIT(X86_TRAP_BP) |
> > +					BIT(X86_TRAP_DF) | BIT(X86_TRAP_PF) |
> > +					BIT(X86_TRAP_MC) | BIT(X86_TRAP_UD);
> > +	u8 vector = array_index_nospec((u8)regs->vector,
> NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS);
> > +	irqentry_state_t state;
> > +
> > +	if (likely(exception_handlers[vector])) {
> 
> Can't you get rid of this branch by stuffing the exception_handlers[] table with
> fred_bad_event?
> 
> > +		if (!(BIT(vector) & noinstr_mask)) {
> > +			state = irqentry_enter(regs);
> > +			instrumentation_begin();
> > +		}
> > +
> > +		exception_handlers[vector](regs);
> > +
> > +		if (!(BIT(vector) & noinstr_mask)) {
> > +			instrumentation_end();
> > +			irqentry_exit(regs, state);
> > +		}
> 
> This noinstr mask is daft; why not have DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER and
> DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER_RAW or something, have the normal one include the
> irqentry bits and use the _RAW one for the 'funny' ones that need to do it
> themselves?

I wanted to keep "state = irqentry_enter(regs); instrumentation_begin();"
in the dispatch framework, instead of pushing down to the handlers.

Of course, we could do it the other way if it is more preferred.

#PF is way more frequent than other events, maybe we should do an early
out for it in fred_entry_from_user/kernel().

> 
> > +	} else {
> > +		return fred_bad_event(regs);
> > +	}
> 
> Then all this becomes:
> 
> 	exception_handlers[vector](regs);
> 
> no branches, no nothing.

This does look simpler and cleaner at the dispatch framework layer.

Xin

Re: [RFC PATCH 21/32] x86/fred: FRED entry/exit and dispatch code

[Peter Zijlstra]

On Wed, Dec 21, 2022 at 02:56:08AM +0000, Li, Xin3 wrote:

> > > +		if (!(BIT(vector) & noinstr_mask)) {
> > > +			state = irqentry_enter(regs);
> > > +			instrumentation_begin();
> > > +		}
> > > +
> > > +		exception_handlers[vector](regs);
> > > +
> > > +		if (!(BIT(vector) & noinstr_mask)) {
> > > +			instrumentation_end();
> > > +			irqentry_exit(regs, state);
> > > +		}
> > 
> > This noinstr mask is daft; why not have DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER and
> > DEFINE_FRED_HANDLER_RAW or something, have the normal one include the
> > irqentry bits and use the _RAW one for the 'funny' ones that need to do it
> > themselves?
> 
> I wanted to keep "state = irqentry_enter(regs); instrumentation_begin();"
> in the dispatch framework, instead of pushing down to the handlers.
> 
> Of course, we could do it the other way if it is more preferred.

Yes, please do as I suggested, it is consistent IDTENTRY macros.

[RFC PATCH 22/32] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

The code to initialize FRED when it's available and _not_ disabled.

cpu_init_fred_exceptions() is the core function to initialize FRED,
which
  1. Sets up FRED entrypoints for events happening in ring 0 and 3.
  2. Sets up a default stack for event handling.
  3. Sets up dedicated event stacks for DB/NMI/MC/DF, equivalent to
     the IDT IST stacks.
  4. Forces 32-bit system calls to use "int $0x80" only.
  5. Enables FRED and invalidtes IDT.

When the FRED is used, cpu_init_exception_handling() initializes FRED
through calling cpu_init_fred_exceptions(), otherwise it sets up TSS
IST and loads IDT.

As FRED uses the ring 3 FRED entrypoint for SYSCALL and SYSENTER,
it skips setting up SYSCALL/SYSENTER related MSRs, e.g., MSR_LSTAR.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Co-developed-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h  | 14 +++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h |  2 +
 arch/x86/kernel/Makefile     |  1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c | 74 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 arch/x86/kernel/fred.c       | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c    |  7 +++-
 arch/x86/kernel/traps.c      | 16 +++++++-
 7 files changed, 157 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/fred.c

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
index 01678ced5451..b6308e351e14 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
@@ -97,8 +97,22 @@ DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_debug);
 DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_page_fault);
 DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_machine_check);
 
+/*
+ * The actual assembly entry and exit points
+ */
+extern __visible void fred_entrypoint_user(void);
+
+/*
+ * Initialization
+ */
+void cpu_init_fred_exceptions(void);
+void fred_setup_apic(void);
+
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 
+#else
+#define cpu_init_fred_exceptions() BUG()
+#define fred_setup_apic() BUG()
 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_FRED */
 
 #endif /* ASM_X86_FRED_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
index 77ffc580e821..963c51e680bd 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ void __noreturn handle_stack_overflow(struct pt_regs *regs,
 	void f (struct pt_regs *regs)
 typedef DECLARE_SYSTEM_INTERRUPT_HANDLER((*system_interrupt_handler));
 
+system_interrupt_handler get_system_interrupt_handler(unsigned int i);
+
 int exc_raise_irq(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 vector);
 
 int external_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int vector);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
index f901658d9f7c..1d9e669e288b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ obj-y			+= process_$(BITS).o signal.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_COMPAT)	+= signal_compat.o
 obj-y			+= traps.o idt.o irq.o irq_$(BITS).o dumpstack_$(BITS).o
 obj-y			+= time.o ioport.o dumpstack.o nmi.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_X86_FRED)	+= fred.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL)	+= ldt.o
 obj-y			+= setup.o x86_init.o i8259.o irqinit.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL)	+= jump_label.o
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index 05a5538052ad..5de68356fe62 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 #include <asm/microcode_intel.h>
 #include <asm/intel-family.h>
 #include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
 #include <asm/uv/uv.h>
 #include <asm/sigframe.h>
 #include <asm/traps.h>
@@ -2034,28 +2035,6 @@ static void wrmsrl_cstar(unsigned long val)
 /* May not be marked __init: used by software suspend */
 void syscall_init(void)
 {
-	wrmsr(MSR_STAR, 0, (__USER32_CS << 16) | __KERNEL_CS);
-	wrmsrl(MSR_LSTAR, (unsigned long)entry_SYSCALL_64);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
-	wrmsrl_cstar((unsigned long)entry_SYSCALL_compat);
-	/*
-	 * This only works on Intel CPUs.
-	 * On AMD CPUs these MSRs are 32-bit, CPU truncates MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP.
-	 * This does not cause SYSENTER to jump to the wrong location, because
-	 * AMD doesn't allow SYSENTER in long mode (either 32- or 64-bit).
-	 */
-	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, (u64)__KERNEL_CS);
-	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP,
-		    (unsigned long)(cpu_entry_stack(smp_processor_id()) + 1));
-	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, (u64)entry_SYSENTER_compat);
-#else
-	wrmsrl_cstar((unsigned long)ignore_sysret);
-	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, (u64)GDT_ENTRY_INVALID_SEG);
-	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP, 0ULL);
-	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, 0ULL);
-#endif
-
 	/*
 	 * Flags to clear on syscall; clear as much as possible
 	 * to minimize user space-kernel interference.
@@ -2066,6 +2045,41 @@ void syscall_init(void)
 	       X86_EFLAGS_IF|X86_EFLAGS_DF|X86_EFLAGS_OF|
 	       X86_EFLAGS_IOPL|X86_EFLAGS_NT|X86_EFLAGS_RF|
 	       X86_EFLAGS_AC|X86_EFLAGS_ID);
+
+	/*
+	 * The default user and kernel segments
+	 */
+	wrmsr(MSR_STAR, 0, (__USER32_CS << 16) | __KERNEL_CS);
+
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED)) {
+		/* Both sysexit and sysret cause #UD when FRED is enabled */
+		wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, (u64)GDT_ENTRY_INVALID_SEG);
+		wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP, 0ULL);
+		wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, 0ULL);
+	} else {
+		wrmsrl(MSR_LSTAR, (unsigned long)entry_SYSCALL_64);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
+		wrmsrl_cstar((unsigned long)entry_SYSCALL_compat);
+		/*
+		 * This only works on Intel CPUs.
+		 * On AMD CPUs these MSRs are 32-bit, CPU truncates
+		 * MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP.
+		 * This does not cause SYSENTER to jump to the wrong
+		 * location, because AMD doesn't allow SYSENTER in
+		 * long mode (either 32- or 64-bit).
+		 */
+		wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, (u64)__KERNEL_CS);
+		wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP,
+			    (unsigned long)(cpu_entry_stack(smp_processor_id()) + 1));
+		wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, (u64)entry_SYSENTER_compat);
+#else
+		wrmsrl_cstar((unsigned long)ignore_sysret);
+		wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, (u64)GDT_ENTRY_INVALID_SEG);
+		wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP, 0ULL);
+		wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, 0ULL);
+#endif
+	}
 }
 
 #else	/* CONFIG_X86_64 */
@@ -2214,18 +2228,24 @@ void cpu_init_exception_handling(void)
 	/* paranoid_entry() gets the CPU number from the GDT */
 	setup_getcpu(cpu);
 
-	/* IST vectors need TSS to be set up. */
-	tss_setup_ist(tss);
+	/* Set up the TSS */
 	tss_setup_io_bitmap(tss);
 	set_tss_desc(cpu, &get_cpu_entry_area(cpu)->tss.x86_tss);
-
 	load_TR_desc();
 
 	/* GHCB needs to be setup to handle #VC. */
 	setup_ghcb();
 
-	/* Finally load the IDT */
-	load_current_idt();
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED)) {
+		/* Set up FRED exception handling */
+		cpu_init_fred_exceptions();
+	} else {
+		/* IST vectors need TSS to be set up. */
+		tss_setup_ist(tss);
+
+		/* Finally load the IDT */
+		load_current_idt();
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..827b58fd98d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <asm/desc.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
+#include <asm/tlbflush.h>	/* For cr4_set_bits() */
+#include <asm/traps.h>
+
+/*
+ * Initialize FRED on this CPU. This cannot be __init as it is called
+ * during CPU hotplug.
+ */
+void cpu_init_fred_exceptions(void)
+{
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_CONFIG,
+	       FRED_CONFIG_ENTRYPOINT(fred_entrypoint_user) |
+	       FRED_CONFIG_REDZONE(8) | /* Reserve for CALL emulation */
+	       FRED_CONFIG_INT_STKLVL(0));
+
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS,
+	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DB,  1) |
+	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_NMI, 2) |
+	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_MC,  2) |
+	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF,  3));
+
+	/* The FRED equivalents to IST stacks... */
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DB));
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(NMI));
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DF));
+
+	/* Not used with FRED */
+	wrmsrl(MSR_LSTAR, 0ULL);
+	wrmsrl(MSR_CSTAR, 0ULL);
+	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS,  (u64)GDT_ENTRY_INVALID_SEG);
+	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP, 0ULL);
+	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, 0ULL);
+
+	/* Enable FRED */
+	cr4_set_bits(X86_CR4_FRED);
+	idt_invalidate();	/* Any further IDT use is a bug */
+
+	/* Use int $0x80 for 32-bit system calls in FRED mode */
+	setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_SYSENTER32);
+	setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_SYSCALL32);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize system vectors from a FRED perspective, so
+ * lapic_assign_system_vectors() can do its job.
+ */
+void __init fred_setup_apic(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR; i++)
+		set_bit(i, system_vectors);
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't set the non assigned system vectors in the
+	 * system_vectors bitmap. Otherwise they show up in
+	 * /proc/interrupts.
+	 */
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+	set_bit(IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR, system_vectors);
+#endif
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS; i++) {
+		if (get_system_interrupt_handler(i) != NULL) {
+			set_bit(i + FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR, system_vectors);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* The rest are fair game... */
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
index beb1bada1b0a..bb59661f0278 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <asm/setup.h>
 #include <asm/i8259.h>
 #include <asm/traps.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
 #include <asm/prom.h>
 
 /*
@@ -94,7 +95,11 @@ void __init native_init_IRQ(void)
 	/* Execute any quirks before the call gates are initialised: */
 	x86_init.irqs.pre_vector_init();
 
-	idt_setup_apic_and_irq_gates();
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		fred_setup_apic();
+	else
+		idt_setup_apic_and_irq_gates();
+
 	lapic_assign_system_vectors();
 
 	if (!acpi_ioapic && !of_ioapic && nr_legacy_irqs()) {
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
index b0ee83bab9e6..36a15df9b5e5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1518,12 +1518,21 @@ static system_interrupt_handler system_interrupt_handlers[NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS] = {
 
 #undef SYSV
 
+system_interrupt_handler get_system_interrupt_handler(unsigned int i)
+{
+	if (i >= NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return system_interrupt_handlers[i];
+}
+
 void __init install_system_interrupt_handler(unsigned int n, const void *asm_addr, const void *addr)
 {
 	BUG_ON(n < FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR);
 
 	system_interrupt_handlers[n - FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR] = (system_interrupt_handler)addr;
-	alloc_intr_gate(n, asm_addr);
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		alloc_intr_gate(n, asm_addr);
 }
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
@@ -1591,7 +1600,10 @@ void __init trap_init(void)
 
 	/* Initialize TSS before setting up traps so ISTs work */
 	cpu_init_exception_handling();
+
 	/* Setup traps as cpu_init() might #GP */
-	idt_setup_traps();
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		idt_setup_traps();
+
 	cpu_init();
 }
-- 
2.34.1

Re: [RFC PATCH 22/32] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

[Peter Zijlstra]

On Mon, Dec 19, 2022 at 10:36:48PM -0800, Xin Li wrote:

> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS,
> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DB,  1) |
> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_NMI, 2) |
> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_MC,  2) |
> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF,  3));
> +
> +	/* The FRED equivalents to IST stacks... */
> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DB));
> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(NMI));
> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DF));

Not quite.. IIRC fred only switches to another stack when the level of
the exception is higher. Specifically, if we trigger #DB while inside
#NMI we will not switch to the #DB stack (since 1 < 2).

Now, as mentioned elsewhere, it all nests a lot saner, but stack
exhaustion is still a thing, given the above, what happens when a #DB
hits an #NMI which tickles a #VE or something?

I don't think we've increased the exception stack size, but perhaps we
should for FRED?

Re: [RFC PATCH 22/32] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

[Andrew Cooper]

On 20/12/2022 9:45 am, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Mon, Dec 19, 2022 at 10:36:48PM -0800, Xin Li wrote:
>
>> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS,
>> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DB,  1) |
>> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_NMI, 2) |
>> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_MC,  2) |
>> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF,  3));
>> +
>> +	/* The FRED equivalents to IST stacks... */
>> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DB));
>> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(NMI));
>> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DF));
> Not quite.. IIRC fred only switches to another stack when the level of
> the exception is higher. Specifically, if we trigger #DB while inside
> #NMI we will not switch to the #DB stack (since 1 < 2).

There needs to be a new stack for #DF, and just possibly one for #MC. 
NMI and #DB do not need separate stacks under FRED.

> Now, as mentioned elsewhere, it all nests a lot saner, but stack
> exhaustion is still a thing, given the above, what happens when a #DB
> hits an #NMI which tickles a #VE or something?
>
> I don't think we've increased the exception stack size, but perhaps we
> should for FRED?

Not sure if it matters too much - it doesn't seem usefully different to
IDT delivery.  #DB shouldn't get too deep, and NMI gets properly
inhibited now.

~Andrew

Re: [RFC PATCH 22/32] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

[Peter Zijlstra]

On Tue, Dec 20, 2022 at 09:55:31AM +0000, Andrew Cooper wrote:
> On 20/12/2022 9:45 am, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> > On Mon, Dec 19, 2022 at 10:36:48PM -0800, Xin Li wrote:
> >
> >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS,
> >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DB,  1) |
> >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_NMI, 2) |
> >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_MC,  2) |
> >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF,  3));
> >> +
> >> +	/* The FRED equivalents to IST stacks... */
> >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DB));
> >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(NMI));
> >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DF));
> > Not quite.. IIRC fred only switches to another stack when the level of
> > the exception is higher. Specifically, if we trigger #DB while inside
> > #NMI we will not switch to the #DB stack (since 1 < 2).
> 
> There needs to be a new stack for #DF, and just possibly one for #MC. 
> NMI and #DB do not need separate stacks under FRED.

True, there is very little need to use additional stacks with FRED.

> > Now, as mentioned elsewhere, it all nests a lot saner, but stack
> > exhaustion is still a thing, given the above, what happens when a #DB
> > hits an #NMI which tickles a #VE or something?
> >
> > I don't think we've increased the exception stack size, but perhaps we
> > should for FRED?
> 
> Not sure if it matters too much - it doesn't seem usefully different to
> IDT delivery.  #DB shouldn't get too deep, and NMI gets properly
> inhibited now.

Both #DB and #NMI can end up in perf, and all that goes quite deep :/

RE: [RFC PATCH 22/32] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

[Li, Xin3]

> > >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS,
> > >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DB,  1) |
> > >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_NMI, 2) |
> > >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_MC,  2) |
> > >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF,  3));
> > >> +
> > >> +	/* The FRED equivalents to IST stacks... */
> > >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DB));
> > >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(NMI));
> > >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DF));
> > > Not quite.. IIRC fred only switches to another stack when the level
> > > of the exception is higher. Specifically, if we trigger #DB while
> > > inside #NMI we will not switch to the #DB stack (since 1 < 2).

Yes, current stack level can only grow higher.

> >
> > There needs to be a new stack for #DF, and just possibly one for #MC.
> > NMI and #DB do not need separate stacks under FRED.
> 
> True, there is very little need to use additional stacks with FRED.

Pretty much.

#DB/NMI from a ring 3 context uses CSL 0, and their CSLs increase only
when happening from a ring 0 context.

> 
> > > Now, as mentioned elsewhere, it all nests a lot saner, but stack
> > > exhaustion is still a thing, given the above, what happens when a
> > > #DB hits an #NMI which tickles a #VE or something?
> > >
> > > I don't think we've increased the exception stack size, but perhaps
> > > we should for FRED?
> >
> > Not sure if it matters too much - it doesn't seem usefully different
> > to IDT delivery.  #DB shouldn't get too deep, and NMI gets properly
> > inhibited now.
> 
> Both #DB and #NMI can end up in perf, and all that goes quite deep :/

Can you please elaborate it a bit?

RE: [RFC PATCH 22/32] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

[H. Peter Anvin]

On December 20, 2022 9:28:52 PM PST, "Li, Xin3" <xin3.li@intel.com> wrote:
>> > >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS,
>> > >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DB,  1) |
>> > >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_NMI, 2) |
>> > >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_MC,  2) |
>> > >> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF,  3));
>> > >> +
>> > >> +	/* The FRED equivalents to IST stacks... */
>> > >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DB));
>> > >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(NMI));
>> > >> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DF));
>> > > Not quite.. IIRC fred only switches to another stack when the level
>> > > of the exception is higher. Specifically, if we trigger #DB while
>> > > inside #NMI we will not switch to the #DB stack (since 1 < 2).
>
>Yes, current stack level can only grow higher.
>
>> >
>> > There needs to be a new stack for #DF, and just possibly one for #MC.
>> > NMI and #DB do not need separate stacks under FRED.
>> 
>> True, there is very little need to use additional stacks with FRED.
>
>Pretty much.
>
>#DB/NMI from a ring 3 context uses CSL 0, and their CSLs increase only
>when happening from a ring 0 context.
>
>> 
>> > > Now, as mentioned elsewhere, it all nests a lot saner, but stack
>> > > exhaustion is still a thing, given the above, what happens when a
>> > > #DB hits an #NMI which tickles a #VE or something?
>> > >
>> > > I don't think we've increased the exception stack size, but perhaps
>> > > we should for FRED?
>> >
>> > Not sure if it matters too much - it doesn't seem usefully different
>> > to IDT delivery.  #DB shouldn't get too deep, and NMI gets properly
>> > inhibited now.
>> 
>> Both #DB and #NMI can end up in perf, and all that goes quite deep :/
>
>Can you please elaborate it a bit?
>

Right, this is one major reason for putting #DB/NMI in a separate stack level.

Re: [RFC PATCH 22/32] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

[Peter Zijlstra]

On Tue, Dec 20, 2022 at 09:44:33PM -0800, H. Peter Anvin wrote:

> Right, this is one major reason for putting #DB/NMI in a separate stack level.

But with the IST they each have their own stack, with FRED they'll share
this small stack.

Re: [RFC PATCH 22/32] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

[H. Peter Anvin]

On December 22, 2022 5:09:28 AM PST, Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> wrote:
>On Tue, Dec 20, 2022 at 09:44:33PM -0800, H. Peter Anvin wrote:
>
>> Right, this is one major reason for putting #DB/NMI in a separate stack level.
>
>But with the IST they each have their own stack, with FRED they'll share
>this small stack.

So make the stack larger if you think we need it. You still end up using less total stack space with FRED.

Re: [RFC PATCH 22/32] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

[H. Peter Anvin]

On December 20, 2022 1:55:31 AM PST, Andrew Cooper <Andrew.Cooper3@citrix.com> wrote:
>On 20/12/2022 9:45 am, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
>> On Mon, Dec 19, 2022 at 10:36:48PM -0800, Xin Li wrote:
>>
>>> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS,
>>> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DB,  1) |
>>> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_NMI, 2) |
>>> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_MC,  2) |
>>> +	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF,  3));
>>> +
>>> +	/* The FRED equivalents to IST stacks... */
>>> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DB));
>>> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(NMI));
>>> +	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DF));
>> Not quite.. IIRC fred only switches to another stack when the level of
>> the exception is higher. Specifically, if we trigger #DB while inside
>> #NMI we will not switch to the #DB stack (since 1 < 2).
>
>There needs to be a new stack for #DF, and just possibly one for #MC. 
>NMI and #DB do not need separate stacks under FRED.
>
>> Now, as mentioned elsewhere, it all nests a lot saner, but stack
>> exhaustion is still a thing, given the above, what happens when a #DB
>> hits an #NMI which tickles a #VE or something?
>>
>> I don't think we've increased the exception stack size, but perhaps we
>> should for FRED?
>
>Not sure if it matters too much - it doesn't seem usefully different to
>IDT delivery.  #DB shouldn't get too deep, and NMI gets properly
>inhibited now.
>
>~Andrew
>

I still don't think you want to take #DB or – especially – NMI on the task stack while in the kernel. In fact, the plan is to get rid of the software irqstack handling, too, but at tglx's request that will be a later changeset (correctness first, then optimization.)

[RFC PATCH 23/32] x86/fred: update MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0 during task switch

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0 is used during ring 3 event delivery, and needs to
be updated to point to the top of next task stack during task switch.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
index c08eb0fdd11f..c28170d4fbba 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
@@ -71,9 +71,13 @@ static inline void update_task_stack(struct task_struct *task)
 	else
 		this_cpu_write(cpu_tss_rw.x86_tss.sp1, task->thread.sp0);
 #else
-	/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
-	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV))
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED)) {
+		wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0,
+		       task_top_of_stack(task) + TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING);
+	} else if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
+		/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
 		load_sp0(task_top_of_stack(task));
+	}
 #endif
 }
 
-- 
2.34.1

Re: [RFC PATCH 23/32] x86/fred: update MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0 during task switch

[Peter Zijlstra]

On Mon, Dec 19, 2022 at 10:36:49PM -0800, Xin Li wrote:
> From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>
> 
> MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0 is used during ring 3 event delivery, and needs to
> be updated to point to the top of next task stack during task switch.
> 
> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
> Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h | 8 ++++++--
>  1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
> index c08eb0fdd11f..c28170d4fbba 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
> @@ -71,9 +71,13 @@ static inline void update_task_stack(struct task_struct *task)
>  	else
>  		this_cpu_write(cpu_tss_rw.x86_tss.sp1, task->thread.sp0);
>  #else
> -	/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
> -	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV))
> +	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED)) {
> +		wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0,
> +		       task_top_of_stack(task) + TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING);

Urgh, I'm assuming this is a *fast* MSR ?

> +	} else if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
> +		/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
>  		load_sp0(task_top_of_stack(task));
> +	}
>  #endif

RE: [RFC PATCH 23/32] x86/fred: update MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0 during task switch

[Li, Xin3]

> > --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
> > +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
> > @@ -71,9 +71,13 @@ static inline void update_task_stack(struct task_struct
> *task)
> >  	else
> >  		this_cpu_write(cpu_tss_rw.x86_tss.sp1, task->thread.sp0);  #else
> > -	/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
> > -	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV))
> > +	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED)) {
> > +		wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0,
> > +		       task_top_of_stack(task) + TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING);
> 
> Urgh, I'm assuming this is a *fast* MSR ?

You're right, however that is another feature under development AFAIK.

Xin

Re: [RFC PATCH 23/32] x86/fred: update MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0 during task switch

[H. Peter Anvin]

On December 20, 2022 1:48:44 AM PST, Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> wrote:
>On Mon, Dec 19, 2022 at 10:36:49PM -0800, Xin Li wrote:
>> From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>
>> 
>> MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0 is used during ring 3 event delivery, and needs to
>> be updated to point to the top of next task stack during task switch.
>> 
>> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
>> ---
>>  arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h | 8 ++++++--
>>  1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>> 
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
>> index c08eb0fdd11f..c28170d4fbba 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
>> @@ -71,9 +71,13 @@ static inline void update_task_stack(struct task_struct *task)
>>  	else
>>  		this_cpu_write(cpu_tss_rw.x86_tss.sp1, task->thread.sp0);
>>  #else
>> -	/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
>> -	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV))
>> +	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED)) {
>> +		wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0,
>> +		       task_top_of_stack(task) + TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING);
>
>Urgh, I'm assuming this is a *fast* MSR ?
>
>> +	} else if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
>> +		/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
>>  		load_sp0(task_top_of_stack(task));
>> +	}
>>  #endif
>
>

The performance here will be addressed by WRMSRNS/WRMSRLIST. It is not included in the FRED patchset simply because there is a separate, parallel enabling effort going on for those instructions (which are useful in their own right, especially for perf, and may be available before FRED) and we don't want unnecessary collisions.

Those instructions weren't public when I wrote the first version of this patchset, but they are now in the ISE documentation.

Xin, could you add that note to the patch documentation?

RE: [RFC PATCH 23/32] x86/fred: update MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0 during task switch

[Li, Xin3]

> >> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
> >> b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
> >> index c08eb0fdd11f..c28170d4fbba 100644
> >> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
> >> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
> >> @@ -71,9 +71,13 @@ static inline void update_task_stack(struct task_struct
> *task)
> >>  	else
> >>  		this_cpu_write(cpu_tss_rw.x86_tss.sp1, task->thread.sp0);  #else
> >> -	/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
> >> -	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV))
> >> +	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED)) {
> >> +		wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0,
> >> +		       task_top_of_stack(task) +
> TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING);
> >
> >Urgh, I'm assuming this is a *fast* MSR ?
> >
> >> +	} else if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
> >> +		/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
> >>  		load_sp0(task_top_of_stack(task));
> >> +	}
> >>  #endif
> >
> >
> 
> The performance here will be addressed by WRMSRNS/WRMSRLIST. It is not
> included in the FRED patchset simply because there is a separate, parallel
> enabling effort going on for those instructions (which are useful in their own
> right, especially for perf, and may be available before FRED) and we don't want
> unnecessary collisions.
> 
> Those instructions weren't public when I wrote the first version of this patchset,
> but they are now in the ISE documentation.
> 
> Xin, could you add that note to the patch documentation?

Will do!

[RFC PATCH 24/32] x86/fred: let ret_from_fork() jmp to fred_exit_user when FRED is enabled

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Let ret_from_fork() jmp to fred_exit_user when FRED is enabled,
otherwise the existing IDT code is chosen.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
index e0c48998d2fb..cdb696cbb2a0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
@@ -297,7 +297,12 @@ SYM_CODE_START(ret_from_fork)
 	UNWIND_HINT_REGS
 	movq	%rsp, %rdi
 	call	syscall_exit_to_user_mode	/* returns with IRQs disabled */
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+	ALTERNATIVE "jmp swapgs_restore_regs_and_return_to_usermode", \
+		    "jmp fred_exit_user", X86_FEATURE_FRED
+#else
 	jmp	swapgs_restore_regs_and_return_to_usermode
+#endif
 
 1:
 	/* kernel thread */
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 25/32] x86/fred: disallow the swapgs instruction when FRED is enabled

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

The FRED architecture establishes the full supervisor/user through:
1) FRED event delivery swaps the value of the GS base address and
   that of the IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE MSR.
2) ERETU swaps the value of the GS base address and that of the
   IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE MSR.
Thus, the swapgs instruction is disallowed when FRED is enabled,
otherwise it cauess #UD.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index bfe6179b7a17..5b6cfd2ca630 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -165,7 +165,8 @@ static noinstr unsigned long __rdgsbase_inactive(void)
 
 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
 
-	if (!static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED) &&
+	    !static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
 		native_swapgs();
 		gsbase = rdgsbase();
 		native_swapgs();
@@ -190,7 +191,8 @@ static noinstr void __wrgsbase_inactive(unsigned long gsbase)
 {
 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
 
-	if (!static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED) &&
+	    !static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
 		native_swapgs();
 		wrgsbase(gsbase);
 		native_swapgs();
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 26/32] x86/fred: no ESPFIX needed when FRED is enabled

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Because FRED always restores the full value of %rsp, ESPFIX is
no longer needed when it's enabled.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/espfix_64.c | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/espfix_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/espfix_64.c
index 9417d5aa7305..b594fcc0a4b7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/espfix_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/espfix_64.c
@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@ void __init init_espfix_bsp(void)
 	pgd_t *pgd;
 	p4d_t *p4d;
 
+	/* FRED systems don't need ESPFIX */
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		return;
+
 	/* Install the espfix pud into the kernel page directory */
 	pgd = &init_top_pgt[pgd_index(ESPFIX_BASE_ADDR)];
 	p4d = p4d_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, ESPFIX_BASE_ADDR);
@@ -139,6 +143,10 @@ void init_espfix_ap(int cpu)
 	void *stack_page;
 	pteval_t ptemask;
 
+	/* FRED systems don't need ESPFIX */
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		return;
+
 	/* We only have to do this once... */
 	if (likely(per_cpu(espfix_stack, cpu)))
 		return;		/* Already initialized */
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 27/32] x86/fred: allow single-step trap and NMI when starting a new thread

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

Allow single-step trap and NMI when starting a new thread, thus once
the new thread returns to ring3, single-step trap and NMI are both
enabled immediately.

High-order 48 bits above the lowest 16 bit CS are discarded by the
legacy IRET instruction, thus can be set unconditionally, even when
FRED is not enabled.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h  | 11 +++++++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c | 13 +++++++------
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
index b6308e351e14..730e69d2bb87 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
@@ -50,6 +50,14 @@
 #define FRED_CSL_ALLOW_SINGLE_STEP	_BITUL(25)
 #define FRED_CSL_INTERRUPT_SHADOW	_BITUL(24)
 
+/*
+ * High-order 48 bits above the lowest 16 bit CS are discarded by the
+ * legacy IRET instruction, thus can be set unconditionally, even when
+ * FRED is not enabled.
+ */
+#define CSL_PROCESS_START \
+	(FRED_CSL_ENABLE_NMI | FRED_CSL_ALLOW_SINGLE_STEP)
+
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
@@ -113,6 +121,9 @@ void fred_setup_apic(void);
 #else
 #define cpu_init_fred_exceptions() BUG()
 #define fred_setup_apic() BUG()
+
+#define CSL_PROCESS_START 0
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_FRED */
 
 #endif /* ASM_X86_FRED_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index 5b6cfd2ca630..128dafc04acf 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include <asm/resctrl.h>
 #include <asm/unistd.h>
 #include <asm/fsgsbase.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
 /* Not included via unistd.h */
 #include <asm/unistd_32_ia32.h>
@@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ void x86_gsbase_write_task(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long gsbase)
 static void
 start_thread_common(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long new_ip,
 		    unsigned long new_sp,
-		    unsigned int _cs, unsigned int _ss, unsigned int _ds)
+		    u16 _cs, u16 _ss, u16 _ds)
 {
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(regs != current_pt_regs());
 
@@ -521,11 +522,11 @@ start_thread_common(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long new_ip,
 	loadsegment(ds, _ds);
 	load_gs_index(0);
 
-	regs->ip		= new_ip;
-	regs->sp		= new_sp;
-	regs->cs		= _cs;
-	regs->ss		= _ss;
-	regs->flags		= X86_EFLAGS_IF;
+	regs->ip    = new_ip;
+	regs->sp    = new_sp;
+	regs->csl   = _cs | CSL_PROCESS_START;
+	regs->ssl   = _ss;
+	regs->flags = X86_EFLAGS_IF | X86_EFLAGS_FIXED;
 }
 
 void
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 28/32] x86/fred: fixup fault on ERETU by jumping to fred_entrypoint_user

[Xin Li]

If the stack frame contains an invalid user context (e.g. due to invalid SS,
a non-canonical RIP, etc.) the ERETU instruction will trap (#SS or #GP).

From a Linux point of view, this really should be considered a user space
failure, so use the standard fault fixup mechanism to intercept the fault,
fix up the exception frame, and redirect execution to fred_entrypoint_user.
The end result is that it appears just as if the hardware had taken the
exception immediately after completing the transition to user space.

Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S             |  8 +++++--
 arch/x86/include/asm/extable_fixup_types.h |  4 ++++
 arch/x86/mm/extable.c                      | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S
index 1fb765fd3871..027ef8f1e600 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_fred.S
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@
  * The actual FRED entry points.
  */
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
-#include <asm/errno.h>
+#include <asm/asm.h>
 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
+#include <asm/errno.h>
+#include <asm/export.h>
 #include <asm/fred.h>
 
 #include "calling.h"
@@ -38,7 +40,9 @@ SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(fred_entrypoint_user)
 	call	fred_entry_from_user
 SYM_INNER_LABEL(fred_exit_user, SYM_L_GLOBAL)
 	FRED_EXIT
-	ERETU
+1:	ERETU
+
+	_ASM_EXTABLE_TYPE(1b, fred_entrypoint_user, EX_TYPE_ERETU)
 SYM_CODE_END(fred_entrypoint_user)
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/extable_fixup_types.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/extable_fixup_types.h
index 991e31cfde94..ddebd5b8b340 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/extable_fixup_types.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/extable_fixup_types.h
@@ -66,4 +66,8 @@
 
 #define EX_TYPE_ZEROPAD			20 /* longword load with zeropad on fault */
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+#define	EX_TYPE_ERETU			21
+#endif
+
 #endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/extable.c b/arch/x86/mm/extable.c
index 60814e110a54..be9d75358f50 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/extable.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/extable.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <xen/xen.h>
 
 #include <asm/fpu/api.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
 #include <asm/sev.h>
 #include <asm/traps.h>
 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
@@ -195,6 +196,29 @@ static bool ex_handler_ucopy_len(const struct exception_table_entry *fixup,
 	return ex_handler_uaccess(fixup, regs, trapnr);
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+static bool ex_handler_eretu(const struct exception_table_entry *fixup,
+			     struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
+{
+	struct pt_regs *uregs = (struct pt_regs *)(regs->sp - offsetof(struct pt_regs, ip));
+	unsigned short ss = uregs->ss;
+	unsigned short cs = uregs->cs;
+
+	fred_info(uregs)->edata = fred_event_data(regs);
+	uregs->ssl = regs->ssl;
+	uregs->ss = ss;
+	uregs->csl = regs->csl;
+	uregs->current_stack_level = 0;
+	uregs->cs = cs;
+	uregs->orig_ax = error_code;
+
+	/* drop error code */
+	regs->sp -= 8;
+
+	return ex_handler_default(fixup, regs);
+}
+#endif
+
 int ex_get_fixup_type(unsigned long ip)
 {
 	const struct exception_table_entry *e = search_exception_tables(ip);
@@ -272,6 +296,10 @@ int fixup_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, int trapnr, unsigned long error_code,
 		return ex_handler_ucopy_len(e, regs, trapnr, reg, imm);
 	case EX_TYPE_ZEROPAD:
 		return ex_handler_zeropad(e, regs, fault_addr);
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+	case EX_TYPE_ERETU:
+		return ex_handler_eretu(e, regs, error_code);
+#endif
 	}
 	BUG();
 }
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 29/32] x86/ia32: do not modify the DPL bits for a null selector

[Xin Li]

When a null selector is to be loaded into a segment register,
reload_segments() sets its DPL bits to 3. Later when the IRET
instruction loads it, it zeros the segment register. The two
operations offset each other to actually effect a nop.

Unlike IRET, ERETU does not make any of DS, ES, FS, or GS null
if it is found to have DPL < 3. It is expected that a FRED-enabled
operating system will return to ring 3 (in compatibility mode)
only when those segments all have DPL = 3.

Thus when FRED is enabled, we end up with having 3 in a segment
register even when it is initially set to 0.

Fix it by not modifying the DPL bits for a null selector.

Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/ia32/ia32_signal.c | 21 +++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/ia32/ia32_signal.c b/arch/x86/ia32/ia32_signal.c
index 14c739303099..31f5bbb59441 100644
--- a/arch/x86/ia32/ia32_signal.c
+++ b/arch/x86/ia32/ia32_signal.c
@@ -36,22 +36,27 @@
 #include <asm/smap.h>
 #include <asm/gsseg.h>
 
+static inline u16 usrseg(u16 sel)
+{
+	return sel <= 3 ? sel : sel | 3;
+}
+
 static inline void reload_segments(struct sigcontext_32 *sc)
 {
 	unsigned int cur;
 
 	savesegment(gs, cur);
-	if ((sc->gs | 0x03) != cur)
-		load_gs_index(sc->gs | 0x03);
+	if (usrseg(sc->gs) != cur)
+		load_gs_index(usrseg(sc->gs));
 	savesegment(fs, cur);
-	if ((sc->fs | 0x03) != cur)
-		loadsegment(fs, sc->fs | 0x03);
+	if (usrseg(sc->fs) != cur)
+		loadsegment(fs, usrseg(sc->fs));
 	savesegment(ds, cur);
-	if ((sc->ds | 0x03) != cur)
-		loadsegment(ds, sc->ds | 0x03);
+	if (usrseg(sc->ds) != cur)
+		loadsegment(ds, usrseg(sc->ds));
 	savesegment(es, cur);
-	if ((sc->es | 0x03) != cur)
-		loadsegment(es, sc->es | 0x03);
+	if (usrseg(sc->es) != cur)
+		loadsegment(es, usrseg(sc->es));
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 30/32] x86/fred: allow FRED systems to use interrupt vectors 0x10-0x1f

[Xin Li]

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@zytor.com>

FRED inherits the Intel VT-x enhancement of classified events with
a two-level event dispatch logic. The first-level dispatch is on
the event type, and the second-level is on the event vector. This
also means that vectors in different event types are orthogonal,
thus, vectors 0x10-0x1f become available as hardware interrupts.

Enable interrupt vectors 0x10-0x1f on FRED systems (interrupt 0x80 is
already enabled.) Most of these changes are about removing the
assumption that the lowest-priority vector is hard-wired to 0x20.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h    |  4 ++--
 arch/x86/include/asm/irq.h         |  5 +++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h | 15 +++++++++++----
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c        | 11 ++++++++---
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c      |  8 +++++++-
 arch/x86/kernel/fred.c             |  4 ++--
 arch/x86/kernel/idt.c              |  6 +++---
 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c              |  2 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/traps.c            |  2 ++
 9 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
index 5b3b8402e0c5..a3660f2f85ca 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h
@@ -534,8 +534,8 @@ __visible noinstr void func(struct pt_regs *regs,			\
  */
 	.align IDT_ALIGN
 SYM_CODE_START(irq_entries_start)
-    vector=FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR
-    .rept NR_EXTERNAL_VECTORS
+    vector=FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT
+    .rept FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT
 	UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS
 0 :
 	ENDBR
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/irq.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/irq.h
index 768aa234cbb4..e4be6f8409ad 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/irq.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/irq.h
@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@
 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
 #include <asm/irq_vectors.h>
 
+/*
+ * The first available IRQ vector
+ */
+extern unsigned int __ro_after_init first_external_vector;
+
 /*
  * The irq entry code is in the noinstr section and the start/end of
  * __irqentry_text is emitted via labels. Make the build fail if
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h
index 43dcb9284208..cb3670a7c18f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h
@@ -31,15 +31,23 @@
 
 /*
  * IDT vectors usable for external interrupt sources start at 0x20.
- * (0x80 is the syscall vector, 0x30-0x3f are for ISA)
+ * (0x80 is the syscall vector, 0x30-0x3f are for ISA).
+ *
+ * With FRED we can also use 0x10-0x1f even though those overlap
+ * exception vectors as FRED distinguishes exceptions and interrupts.
+ * Therefore, FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR is no longer a constant.
  */
-#define FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR		0x20
+#define FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT	0x20
+#define FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_FRED	0x10
+#define FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR		first_external_vector
 
 /*
  * Reserve the lowest usable vector (and hence lowest priority)  0x20 for
  * triggering cleanup after irq migration. 0x21-0x2f will still be used
  * for device interrupts.
  */
+#define IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR_IDT	FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT
+#define IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR_FRED	FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_FRED
 #define IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR		FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR
 
 #define IA32_SYSCALL_VECTOR		0x80
@@ -48,7 +56,7 @@
  * Vectors 0x30-0x3f are used for ISA interrupts.
  *   round up to the next 16-vector boundary
  */
-#define ISA_IRQ_VECTOR(irq)		(((FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR + 16) & ~15) + irq)
+#define ISA_IRQ_VECTOR(irq)		(((FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT + 16) & ~15) + irq)
 
 /*
  * Special IRQ vectors used by the SMP architecture, 0xf0-0xff
@@ -114,7 +122,6 @@
 #define FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR		NR_VECTORS
 #endif
 
-#define NR_EXTERNAL_VECTORS		(FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR)
 #define NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS		(NR_VECTORS - FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR)
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
index c6876d3ea4b1..1fbf6e3ed6c7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
@@ -1621,12 +1621,17 @@ static void setup_local_APIC(void)
 	/*
 	 * Set Task Priority to 'accept all except vectors 0-31'.  An APIC
 	 * vector in the 16-31 range could be delivered if TPR == 0, but we
-	 * would think it's an exception and terrible things will happen.  We
-	 * never change this later on.
+	 * would think it's an exception and terrible things will happen,
+	 * unless we are using FRED in which case interrupts and
+	 * exceptions are distinguished by type code.
+	 *
+	 * We never change this later on.
 	 */
+	BUG_ON(!first_external_vector);
+
 	value = apic_read(APIC_TASKPRI);
 	value &= ~APIC_TPRI_MASK;
-	value |= 0x10;
+	value |= (first_external_vector - 0x10) & APIC_TPRI_MASK;
 	apic_write(APIC_TASKPRI, value);
 
 	/* Clear eventually stale ISR/IRR bits */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c
index 3e6f6b448f6a..1d7374fa8a1c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ static struct irq_matrix *vector_matrix;
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hlist_head, cleanup_list);
 #endif
+unsigned int first_external_vector = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT;
 
 void lock_vector_lock(void)
 {
@@ -800,7 +801,12 @@ int __init arch_early_irq_init(void)
 	 * Allocate the vector matrix allocator data structure and limit the
 	 * search area.
 	 */
-	vector_matrix = irq_alloc_matrix(NR_VECTORS, FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR,
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		first_external_vector = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_FRED;
+	else
+		first_external_vector = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT;
+
+	vector_matrix = irq_alloc_matrix(NR_VECTORS, first_external_vector,
 					 FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR);
 	BUG_ON(!vector_matrix);
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c
index 827b58fd98d4..04f057219c6e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void __init fred_setup_apic(void)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_FRED; i++)
 		set_bit(i, system_vectors);
 
 	/*
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ void __init fred_setup_apic(void)
 	 * /proc/interrupts.
 	 */
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-	set_bit(IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR, system_vectors);
+	set_bit(IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR_FRED, system_vectors);
 #endif
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS; i++) {
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/idt.c b/arch/x86/kernel/idt.c
index a58c6bc1cd68..d3fd86f85de9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/idt.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/idt.c
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ static const __initconst struct idt_data apic_idts[] = {
 	INTG(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR,			asm_sysvec_reschedule_ipi),
 	INTG(CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR,		asm_sysvec_call_function),
 	INTG(CALL_FUNCTION_SINGLE_VECTOR,	asm_sysvec_call_function_single),
-	INTG(IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR,		asm_sysvec_irq_move_cleanup),
+	INTG(IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR_IDT,	asm_sysvec_irq_move_cleanup),
 	INTG(REBOOT_VECTOR,			asm_sysvec_reboot),
 #endif
 
@@ -274,13 +274,13 @@ static void __init idt_map_in_cea(void)
  */
 void __init idt_setup_apic_and_irq_gates(void)
 {
-	int i = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR;
+	int i = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT;
 	void *entry;
 
 	idt_setup_from_table(idt_table, apic_idts, ARRAY_SIZE(apic_idts), true);
 
 	for_each_clear_bit_from(i, system_vectors, FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR) {
-		entry = irq_entries_start + IDT_ALIGN * (i - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR);
+		entry = irq_entries_start + IDT_ALIGN * (i - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT);
 		set_intr_gate(i, entry);
 	}
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
index 7e125fff45ab..b7511e02959c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ void fixup_irqs(void)
 	 * vector_lock because the cpu is already marked !online, so
 	 * nothing else will touch it.
 	 */
-	for (vector = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR; vector < NR_VECTORS; vector++) {
+	for (vector = first_external_vector; vector < NR_VECTORS; vector++) {
 		if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(__this_cpu_read(vector_irq[vector])))
 			continue;
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
index 36a15df9b5e5..c6e60e888de7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1541,6 +1541,8 @@ DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ(spurious_interrupt)
 	pr_info("Spurious interrupt (vector 0x%x) on CPU#%d, should never happen.\n",
 		vector, smp_processor_id());
 }
+
+unsigned int first_external_vector = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR_IDT;
 #endif
 
 /*
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 31/32] x86/fred: allow dynamic stack frame size

[Xin Li]

A FRED stack frame could contain different amount of information for
different event types, or perhaps even for different instances of the
same event type. Thus we need to eliminate the need of any advance
information of the stack frame size to allow dynamic stack frame size.

Implement it through:
  1) add a new field user_pt_regs to thread_info, and initialize it
     with a pointer to a virtual pt_regs structure at the top of a
     thread stack.
  2) save a pointer to the user-space pt_regs structure created by
     fred_entrypoint_user() to user_pt_regs in fred_entry_from_user().
  3) initialize the init_thread_info's user_pt_regs with a pointer to
     a virtual pt_regs structure at the top of init stack.

This approach also works for IDT, thus we unify the code.

Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S           |  2 +-
 arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c         |  2 ++
 arch/x86/include/asm/entry-common.h |  3 +++
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h    | 12 +++------
 arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h    |  3 +--
 arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h  | 41 ++++-------------------------
 arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S           |  3 +--
 arch/x86/kernel/process.c           |  5 ++++
 kernel/fork.c                       |  6 +++++
 9 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S
index e309e7156038..d98cc64ca82b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_32.S
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ SYM_CODE_START(rewind_stack_and_make_dead)
 	xorl	%ebp, %ebp
 
 	movl	PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_current_top_of_stack), %esi
-	leal	-TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING-PTREGS_SIZE(%esi), %esp
+	leal	-PTREGS_SIZE(%esi), %esp
 
 	call	make_task_dead
 1:	jmp 1b
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c b/arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c
index 56814ab0b825..140d9110bc39 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c
@@ -216,6 +216,8 @@ __visible noinstr void fred_entry_from_user(struct pt_regs *regs)
 		[EVENT_TYPE_OTHER]	= fred_syscall_slow
 	};
 
+	current->thread_info.user_pt_regs = regs;
+
 	/*
 	 * FRED employs a two-level event dispatch mechanism, with
 	 * the first-level on the type of an event and the second-level
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/entry-common.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/entry-common.h
index 674ed46d3ced..21e1e3ef9e33 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/entry-common.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/entry-common.h
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 /* Check that the stack and regs on entry from user mode are sane. */
 static __always_inline void arch_enter_from_user_mode(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		current->thread_info.user_pt_regs = regs;
+
 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_ENTRY)) {
 		/*
 		 * Make sure that the entry code gave us a sensible EFLAGS
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
index 67c9d73b31fa..6d573eeea074 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -747,17 +747,11 @@ static inline void spin_lock_prefetch(const void *x)
 	prefetchw(x);
 }
 
-#define TOP_OF_INIT_STACK ((unsigned long)&init_stack + sizeof(init_stack) - \
-			   TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING)
+#define TOP_OF_INIT_STACK ((unsigned long)&init_stack + sizeof(init_stack))
 
-#define task_top_of_stack(task) ((unsigned long)(task_pt_regs(task) + 1))
+#define task_top_of_stack(task) ((unsigned long)task_stack_page(task) + THREAD_SIZE)
 
-#define task_pt_regs(task) \
-({									\
-	unsigned long __ptr = (unsigned long)task_stack_page(task);	\
-	__ptr += THREAD_SIZE - TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING;		\
-	((struct pt_regs *)__ptr) - 1;					\
-})
+#define task_pt_regs(task) ((task)->thread_info.user_pt_regs)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 #define INIT_THREAD  {							  \
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
index c28170d4fbba..8ad5788da416 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/switch_to.h
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ static inline void update_task_stack(struct task_struct *task)
 		this_cpu_write(cpu_tss_rw.x86_tss.sp1, task->thread.sp0);
 #else
 	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED)) {
-		wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0,
-		       task_top_of_stack(task) + TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING);
+		wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP0, task_top_of_stack(task));
 	} else if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
 		/* Xen PV enters the kernel on the thread stack. */
 		load_sp0(task_top_of_stack(task));
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
index fea0e69fc3d4..9b88b7a04fda 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
@@ -13,42 +13,6 @@
 #include <asm/percpu.h>
 #include <asm/types.h>
 
-/*
- * TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING is a number of unused bytes that we
- * reserve at the top of the kernel stack.  We do it because of a nasty
- * 32-bit corner case.  On x86_32, the hardware stack frame is
- * variable-length.  Except for vm86 mode, struct pt_regs assumes a
- * maximum-length frame.  If we enter from CPL 0, the top 8 bytes of
- * pt_regs don't actually exist.  Ordinarily this doesn't matter, but it
- * does in at least one case:
- *
- * If we take an NMI early enough in SYSENTER, then we can end up with
- * pt_regs that extends above sp0.  On the way out, in the espfix code,
- * we can read the saved SS value, but that value will be above sp0.
- * Without this offset, that can result in a page fault.  (We are
- * careful that, in this case, the value we read doesn't matter.)
- *
- * In vm86 mode, the hardware frame is much longer still, so add 16
- * bytes to make room for the real-mode segments.
- *
- * x86-64 has a fixed-length stack frame, but it depends on whether
- * or not FRED is enabled. Future versions of FRED might make this
- * dynamic, but for now it is always 2 words longer.
- */
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
-# ifdef CONFIG_VM86
-#  define TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING 16
-# else
-#  define TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING 8
-# endif
-#else /* x86-64 */
-# ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
-#  define TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING (2*8)
-# else
-#  define TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING 0
-# endif
-#endif
-
 /*
  * low level task data that entry.S needs immediate access to
  * - this struct should fit entirely inside of one cache line
@@ -56,6 +20,7 @@
  */
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
 struct task_struct;
+struct pt_regs;
 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
 
@@ -66,11 +31,14 @@ struct thread_info {
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 	u32			cpu;		/* current CPU */
 #endif
+	struct pt_regs		*user_pt_regs;
 };
 
+#define INIT_TASK_PT_REGS ((struct pt_regs *)TOP_OF_INIT_STACK - 1)
 #define INIT_THREAD_INFO(tsk)			\
 {						\
 	.flags		= 0,			\
+	.user_pt_regs   = INIT_TASK_PT_REGS,	\
 }
 
 #else /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
@@ -235,6 +203,7 @@ static inline int arch_within_stack_frames(const void * const stack,
 
 extern void arch_task_cache_init(void);
 extern int arch_dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *dst, struct task_struct *src);
+extern void arch_init_user_pt_regs(struct task_struct *tsk);
 extern void arch_release_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk);
 extern void arch_setup_new_exec(void);
 #define arch_setup_new_exec arch_setup_new_exec
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S b/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S
index 9b7acc9c7874..8961946f1418 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S
@@ -539,8 +539,7 @@ SYM_DATA_END(initial_page_table)
  * reliably detect the end of the stack.
  */
 SYM_DATA(initial_stack,
-		.long init_thread_union + THREAD_SIZE -
-		SIZEOF_PTREGS - TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING)
+		.long init_thread_union + THREAD_SIZE - SIZEOF_PTREGS)
 
 __INITRODATA
 int_msg:
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
index e436c9c1ef3b..6294d41f7691 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
@@ -97,6 +97,11 @@ int arch_dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *dst, struct task_struct *src)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+void arch_init_user_pt_regs(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	tsk->thread_info.user_pt_regs = (struct pt_regs *)task_top_of_stack(tsk)- 1;
+}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 void arch_release_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 08969f5aa38d..00bd585a4e07 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -948,6 +948,10 @@ int __weak arch_dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *dst,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+void __weak arch_init_user_pt_regs(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+}
+
 void set_task_stack_end_magic(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	unsigned long *stackend;
@@ -975,6 +979,8 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
 	if (err)
 		goto free_tsk;
 
+	arch_init_user_pt_regs(tsk);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 	refcount_set(&tsk->stack_refcount, 1);
 #endif
-- 
2.34.1

[RFC PATCH 32/32] x86/fred: disable FRED by default in its early stage

[Xin Li]

Disable FRED by default in its early stage.

To enable FRED, a new kernel command line option "fred" needs to be added.

Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
---
 Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 4 ++++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c                    | 3 +++
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 42af9ca0127e..0bc76d926dd4 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -1506,6 +1506,10 @@
 			Warning: use of this parameter will taint the kernel
 			and may cause unknown problems.
 
+	fred
+			Forcefully enable flexible return and event delivery,
+			which is otherwise disabled by default.
+
 	ftrace=[tracer]
 			[FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
 			as early as possible in order to facilitate early
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index 5de68356fe62..1a160337ad41 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -1434,6 +1434,9 @@ static void __init cpu_parse_early_param(void)
 	char *argptr = arg, *opt;
 	int arglen, taint = 0;
 
+	if (!cmdline_find_option_bool(boot_command_line, "fred"))
+		setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_FRED);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 	if (cmdline_find_option_bool(boot_command_line, "no387"))
 #ifdef CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION
-- 
2.34.1