cannot link 32 bit app

cannot link 32 bit app

[C Smith]

I can compile but not link my xenomai app. I get:
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/xenomai/lib/libtrank.so when
searching for -ltrank
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/xenomai/lib/libcobalt.so when
searching for -lcobalt
etc.

I am testing  xenomai 3.1 with x86-64 bit kernel 4.19.89 (I am porting my
xenomai 2.6 codebase to xeno 3.1). I have compiled the kernel OK with 32
bit emulation support (CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION=y), as I must run my very
large legacy xenomai 2.6 codebase as 32 bit.  The xenomai testsuite
latency, clocktest, switchtest apps run fine, BTW.

Is the problem that the xenomai libs like cobalt are 64 bit only? Did I
omit some xenomai configure option to support 32 bit xenomai apps ?

Here is an example of the kind of gcc command line my Makefile puts out:
gcc -g3 -m32 -I/usr/xenomai/include/trank -D__XENO_COMPAT__
-I/usr/xenomai/include/cobalt -I/usr/xenomai/include -D_GNU_SOURCE
-D_REENTRANT -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -D__COBALT__
-I/usr/xenomai/include/alchemy -I/usr/include/libxml2
-I/usr/xenomai/include/rtdm  -I"../include/nanopb"    -Xlinker -rpath
-Xlinker /usr/xenomai/lib  testapp.c  ../modules/rtdinsync.h
-Wl,--no-as-needed -ltrank -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers -lalchemy
-lcopperplate /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
-Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt
-lmodechk -lpthread -lrt    -lfuse -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
-Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers
-Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
 /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
-Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt
-lmodechk -lpthread -lrt    -lfuse -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
-Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers
-Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
 /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
-Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt
-lmodechk -lpthread -lrt    -lfuse -pthread -lz -llzma -lm -ldl
-Wl,--start-group -loshw -losal -Wl,--end-group -lm -o testapp

thanks,
-C Smith

Re: cannot link 32 bit app

[Jan Kiszka]

On 07.08.21 09:43, C Smith via Xenomai wrote:
> I can compile but not link my xenomai app. I get:
> /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/xenomai/lib/libtrank.so when
> searching for -ltrank
> /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/xenomai/lib/libcobalt.so when
> searching for -lcobalt
> etc.
> 
> I am testing  xenomai 3.1 with x86-64 bit kernel 4.19.89 (I am porting my
> xenomai 2.6 codebase to xeno 3.1). I have compiled the kernel OK with 32
> bit emulation support (CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION=y), as I must run my very
> large legacy xenomai 2.6 codebase as 32 bit.  The xenomai testsuite
> latency, clocktest, switchtest apps run fine, BTW.
> 
> Is the problem that the xenomai libs like cobalt are 64 bit only? Did I
> omit some xenomai configure option to support 32 bit xenomai apps ?
> 
> Here is an example of the kind of gcc command line my Makefile puts out:
> gcc -g3 -m32 -I/usr/xenomai/include/trank -D__XENO_COMPAT__
> -I/usr/xenomai/include/cobalt -I/usr/xenomai/include -D_GNU_SOURCE
> -D_REENTRANT -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -D__COBALT__
> -I/usr/xenomai/include/alchemy -I/usr/include/libxml2
> -I/usr/xenomai/include/rtdm  -I"../include/nanopb"    -Xlinker -rpath
> -Xlinker /usr/xenomai/lib  testapp.c  ../modules/rtdinsync.h
> -Wl,--no-as-needed -ltrank -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers -lalchemy
> -lcopperplate /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt
> -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt    -lfuse -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
>  /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt
> -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt    -lfuse -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
>  /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt
> -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt    -lfuse -pthread -lz -llzma -lm -ldl
> -Wl,--start-group -loshw -losal -Wl,--end-group -lm -o testapp
> 

Xenomai userland works fine in 32-bit mode on x86, we do the same in
production. This is how I configure for 32-bit on my 64-bit machine:

/configure --host=i686-linux CFLAGS="-m32 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64" \
    LDFLAGS=-m32 host_alias=i686-linux

Then you should be able to build just using the output of "xeno-config
--skin=... --cflags --ldflags".

That said, things are not nicely tested in upstream yet, see [1].

Jan

[1] https://gitlab.com/Xenomai/xenomai-hacker-space/-/issues/21

-- 
Siemens AG, T RDA IOT
Corporate Competence Center Embedded Linux

Re: cannot link 32 bit app

[C Smith]

Hi Jan,Thanks for your prompt reply.  I reduced my very large app to about
200 lines, it only starts one periodic process. but I still get this error
during linkage:

/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o: In function `xenomai_main':
/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94: multiple
definition of `xenomai_main'
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94:
first defined here
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition of
`xenomai_auto_bootstrap'
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o: In function `xenomai_main':
/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94: multiple
definition of `xenomai_main'
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94:
first defined here
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition of
`xenomai_auto_bootstrap'
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o: In function `xenomai_main':
/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94: multiple
definition of `xenomai_main'
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94:
first defined here
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition of
`xenomai_auto_bootstrap'
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [<builtin>: myapp] Error 1

I had used your advice to get the compiler args in my Makefile with:
/usr/xenomai/bin/xeno-config --skin=native --cflags --ldflags
The resulting command line is:

gcc -g3 -m32 -I/usr/xenomai/include/trank -D__XENO_COMPAT__
-I/usr/xenomai/include/cobalt
-I/usr/xenomai/include -m32 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_GNU_SOURCE
-D_REENTRANT -fasynchronous-unwind-tables
-D__COBALT__ -I/usr/xenomai/include/alchemy -I/usr/xenomai/include/rtdm
-Wl,--no-as-needed -ltrank
-Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers -lalchemy -lcopperplate
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o
-Wl,--wrap=main -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
-L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk
-lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse -pthread -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I"SOEM/"
-I"SOEM/osal" -I"SOEM/oshw/linux"
-I"SOEM/soem" -I"../include/nanopb"    -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker
/usr/xenomai/lib  myapp.c ../include/myapp.h
../include/dia_dev_myapp.h ../include/crc_table.h ../include/dacdefs.h
../include/version.h
../include/canopen_drives.h ../include/adcdefs.h ../include/myapp_version.h
../include/canodefs.h
../include/preproc_myapp.h ../include/myapp_mem_manager_data.h
../include/comm_dta_myapp.h ../include/comproto.h
../modules/rtdinsync.h quad.o dac.o adc.o SOEM/lib/linux/liboshw.a
SOEM/lib/linux/libosal.a SOEM/lib/linux/libsoem.a
../include/nanopb/nanopb.a  -Wl,--no-as-needed -ltrank
-Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers -lalchemy -lcopperplate
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
-Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
-L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse -pthread
 -Wl,--no-as-needed
-Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
-Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
-L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse -pthread
 -Wl,--no-as-needed
-Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
/usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
-Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
-L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse -pthread
 -lxml2 -lz -llzma -lm
-ldl -L"SOEM/lib/linux" -Wl,--start-group -loshw -losal -lsoem
-Wl,--end-group -lm -o myapp

What is going wrong with the linkage?  Thanks, C Smith

On Sat, Aug 7, 2021 at 8:34 AM Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> wrote:

> On 07.08.21 09:43, C Smith via Xenomai wrote:
> > I can compile but not link my xenomai app. I get:
> > /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/xenomai/lib/libtrank.so when
> > searching for -ltrank
> > /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/xenomai/lib/libcobalt.so when
> > searching for -lcobalt
> > etc.
> >
> > I am testing  xenomai 3.1 with x86-64 bit kernel 4.19.89 (I am porting my
> > xenomai 2.6 codebase to xeno 3.1). I have compiled the kernel OK with 32
> > bit emulation support (CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION=y), as I must run my very
> > large legacy xenomai 2.6 codebase as 32 bit.  The xenomai testsuite
> > latency, clocktest, switchtest apps run fine, BTW.
> >
> > Is the problem that the xenomai libs like cobalt are 64 bit only? Did I
> > omit some xenomai configure option to support 32 bit xenomai apps ?
> >
> > Here is an example of the kind of gcc command line my Makefile puts out:
> > gcc -g3 -m32 -I/usr/xenomai/include/trank -D__XENO_COMPAT__
> > -I/usr/xenomai/include/cobalt -I/usr/xenomai/include -D_GNU_SOURCE
> > -D_REENTRANT -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -D__COBALT__
> > -I/usr/xenomai/include/alchemy -I/usr/include/libxml2
> > -I/usr/xenomai/include/rtdm  -I"../include/nanopb"    -Xlinker -rpath
> > -Xlinker /usr/xenomai/lib  testapp.c  ../modules/rtdinsync.h
> > -Wl,--no-as-needed -ltrank -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
> -lalchemy
> > -lcopperplate /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> > -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld -L/usr/xenomai/lib
> -lcobalt
> > -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt    -lfuse -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
> > -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers
> > -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
> >  /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> > -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld -L/usr/xenomai/lib
> -lcobalt
> > -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt    -lfuse -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
> > -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers
> > -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
> >  /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> > -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld -L/usr/xenomai/lib
> -lcobalt
> > -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt    -lfuse -pthread -lz -llzma -lm -ldl
> > -Wl,--start-group -loshw -losal -Wl,--end-group -lm -o testapp
> >
>
> Xenomai userland works fine in 32-bit mode on x86, we do the same in
> production. This is how I configure for 32-bit on my 64-bit machine:
>
> /configure --host=i686-linux CFLAGS="-m32 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64" \
>     LDFLAGS=-m32 host_alias=i686-linux
>
> Then you should be able to build just using the output of "xeno-config
> --skin=... --cflags --ldflags".
>
> That said, things are not nicely tested in upstream yet, see [1].
>
> Jan
>
> [1] https://gitlab.com/Xenomai/xenomai-hacker-space/-/issues/21
>
> --
> Siemens AG, T RDA IOT
> Corporate Competence Center Embedded Linux
>

Re: cannot link 32 bit app

[Jan Kiszka]

On 12.08.21 07:50, C Smith wrote:
> Hi Jan,Thanks for your prompt reply.  I reduced my very large app to
> about 200 lines, it only starts one periodic process. but I still get
> this error during linkage:
> 
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o: In function `xenomai_main':
> /usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94: multiple
> definition of `xenomai_main'
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94:
> first defined here
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition
> of `xenomai_auto_bootstrap'
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o: In function `xenomai_main':
> /usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94: multiple
> definition of `xenomai_main'
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94:
> first defined here
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition
> of `xenomai_auto_bootstrap'
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o: In function `xenomai_main':
> /usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94: multiple
> definition of `xenomai_main'
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94:
> first defined here
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition
> of `xenomai_auto_bootstrap'
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here
> collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
> make[1]: *** [<builtin>: myapp] Error 1
> 
> I had used your advice to get the compiler args in my Makefile with:
> /usr/xenomai/bin/xeno-config --skin=native --cflags --ldflags
> The resulting command line is:
> 
> gcc -g3 -m32 -I/usr/xenomai/include/trank -D__XENO_COMPAT__
> -I/usr/xenomai/include/cobalt
> -I/usr/xenomai/include -m32 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_GNU_SOURCE
> -D_REENTRANT -fasynchronous-unwind-tables
> -D__COBALT__ -I/usr/xenomai/include/alchemy -I/usr/xenomai/include/rtdm
> -Wl,--no-as-needed -ltrank
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers -lalchemy -lcopperplate
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o
> -Wl,--wrap=main -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
> -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk
> -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse -pthread -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I"SOEM/"
> -I"SOEM/osal" -I"SOEM/oshw/linux"
> -I"SOEM/soem" -I"../include/nanopb"    -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker
> /usr/xenomai/lib  myapp.c ../include/myapp.h
> ../include/dia_dev_myapp.h ../include/crc_table.h ../include/dacdefs.h
> ../include/version.h
> ../include/canopen_drives.h ../include/adcdefs.h
> ../include/myapp_version.h ../include/canodefs.h
> ../include/preproc_myapp.h ../include/myapp_mem_manager_data.h
> ../include/comm_dta_myapp.h ../include/comproto.h
> ../modules/rtdinsync.h quad.o dac.o adc.o SOEM/lib/linux/liboshw.a
> SOEM/lib/linux/libosal.a SOEM/lib/linux/libsoem.a
> ../include/nanopb/nanopb.a  -Wl,--no-as-needed -ltrank
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers -lalchemy -lcopperplate
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
> -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse
> -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
> -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse
> -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
> -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse
> -pthread  -lxml2 -lz -llzma -lm
> -ldl -L"SOEM/lib/linux" -Wl,--start-group -loshw -losal -lsoem
> -Wl,--end-group -lm -o myapp
> 
> What is going wrong with the linkage?  Thanks, C Smith
> 

Something is broken in your makefile. If you look at the end of the
resulting gcc call above, you see e.g. bootstrap.o being listed multiple
times (which explains the error, obviously). This is not coming from
xeno-config. So check your local setup, or just do

gcc $(xeno-config ...) -o my-app my-app.c -I my-includes

Jan

-- 
Siemens AG, T RDA IOT
Corporate Competence Center Embedded Linux

Re: cannot link 32 bit app

[C Smith]

OK, yeah I had mistakenly put --ldflags in the xeno-config line for  CFLAGS
=
This was also problem:
LDLIBS= $(shell $(XENOCONFIG) --skin=native --ldflags) \
$(shell $(XENOCONFIG) --skin=rtdm --ldflags) \
$(shell $(XENOCONFIG) --skin=posix --ldflags)
That used to work in Xenomai 2.6 but not in Xenomai 3.1.
All I needed was
LDLIBS= $(shell $(XENOCONFIG) --skin=alchemy --ldflags)

My larger (30K lines) app compiles successfully now.
Thanks.  -C Smith

On Wed, Aug 11, 2021 at 11:04 PM Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> wrote:

> On 12.08.21 07:50, C Smith wrote:
> > Hi Jan,Thanks for your prompt reply.  I reduced my very large app to
> > about 200 lines, it only starts one periodic process. but I still get
> > this error during linkage:
> >
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o: In function `xenomai_main':
> > /usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94: multiple
> > definition of `xenomai_main'
> >
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94:
> > first defined here
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition
> > of `xenomai_auto_bootstrap'
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o: In function `xenomai_main':
> > /usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94: multiple
> > definition of `xenomai_main'
> >
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94:
> > first defined here
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition
> > of `xenomai_auto_bootstrap'
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o: In function `xenomai_main':
> > /usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94: multiple
> > definition of `xenomai_main'
> >
> /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:/usr/src/xenomai-3.1/lib/boilerplate/init/bootstrap.c:94:
> > first defined here
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition
> > of `xenomai_auto_bootstrap'
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here
> > collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
> > make[1]: *** [<builtin>: myapp] Error 1
> >
> > I had used your advice to get the compiler args in my Makefile with:
> > /usr/xenomai/bin/xeno-config --skin=native --cflags --ldflags
> > The resulting command line is:
> >
> > gcc -g3 -m32 -I/usr/xenomai/include/trank -D__XENO_COMPAT__
> > -I/usr/xenomai/include/cobalt
> > -I/usr/xenomai/include -m32 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_GNU_SOURCE
> > -D_REENTRANT -fasynchronous-unwind-tables
> > -D__COBALT__ -I/usr/xenomai/include/alchemy -I/usr/xenomai/include/rtdm
> > -Wl,--no-as-needed -ltrank
> > -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers -lalchemy -lcopperplate
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o
> > -Wl,--wrap=main -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
> > -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk
> > -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse -pthread -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I"SOEM/"
> > -I"SOEM/osal" -I"SOEM/oshw/linux"
> > -I"SOEM/soem" -I"../include/nanopb"    -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker
> > /usr/xenomai/lib  myapp.c ../include/myapp.h
> > ../include/dia_dev_myapp.h ../include/crc_table.h ../include/dacdefs.h
> > ../include/version.h
> > ../include/canopen_drives.h ../include/adcdefs.h
> > ../include/myapp_version.h ../include/canodefs.h
> > ../include/preproc_myapp.h ../include/myapp_mem_manager_data.h
> > ../include/comm_dta_myapp.h ../include/comproto.h
> > ../modules/rtdinsync.h quad.o dac.o adc.o SOEM/lib/linux/liboshw.a
> > SOEM/lib/linux/libosal.a SOEM/lib/linux/libsoem.a
> > ../include/nanopb/nanopb.a  -Wl,--no-as-needed -ltrank
> > -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers -lalchemy -lcopperplate
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> > -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
> > -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse
> > -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
> > -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> > -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
> > -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse
> > -pthread  -Wl,--no-as-needed
> > -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/cobalt.wrappers
> -Wl,@/usr/xenomai/lib/modechk.wrappers
> > /usr/xenomai/lib/xenomai/bootstrap.o -Wl,--wrap=main
> > -Wl,--dynamic-list=/usr/xenomai/lib/dynlist.ld
> > -L/usr/xenomai/lib -lcobalt -lmodechk -lpthread -lrt -m32   -lfuse
> > -pthread  -lxml2 -lz -llzma -lm
> > -ldl -L"SOEM/lib/linux" -Wl,--start-group -loshw -losal -lsoem
> > -Wl,--end-group -lm -o myapp
> >
> > What is going wrong with the linkage?  Thanks, C Smith
> >
>
> Something is broken in your makefile. If you look at the end of the
> resulting gcc call above, you see e.g. bootstrap.o being listed multiple
> times (which explains the error, obviously). This is not coming from
> xeno-config. So check your local setup, or just do
>
> gcc $(xeno-config ...) -o my-app my-app.c -I my-includes
>
> Jan
>
> --
> Siemens AG, T RDA IOT
> Corporate Competence Center Embedded Linux
>