* [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 1/3] f2fs: intorduce f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready
2022-05-07 8:17 [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 0/3] support compressed file write/read amplifiction Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
@ 2022-05-07 8:17 ` Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
2022-07-11 9:24 ` Chao Yu
2022-05-07 8:17 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 2/3] f2fs: use onstack pages instead of pvec Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
` (2 subsequent siblings)
3 siblings, 1 reply; 9+ messages in thread
From: Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel @ 2022-05-07 8:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: jaegeuk, chao; +Cc: Fengnan Chang, linux-f2fs-devel
When write total cluster, all pages is uptodate, there is not need to call
f2fs_prepare_compress_overwrite, intorduce f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready
to avoid this.
Signed-off-by: Fengnan Chang <changfengnan@vivo.com>
---
fs/f2fs/compress.c | 11 ++++++++---
fs/f2fs/data.c | 9 +++++++--
fs/f2fs/f2fs.h | 4 ++--
3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/compress.c b/fs/f2fs/compress.c
index 12a56f9e1572..fd28844aa53f 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/compress.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/compress.c
@@ -871,20 +871,25 @@ bool f2fs_cluster_can_merge_page(struct compress_ctx *cc, pgoff_t index)
return is_page_in_cluster(cc, index);
}
-bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_loaded(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
- int index, int nr_pages)
+bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
+ int index, int nr_pages, bool uptodate)
{
unsigned long pgidx;
int i;
+ if (uptodate && (pgidx % cc->cluster_size))
+ return false;
+
if (nr_pages - index < cc->cluster_size)
return false;
pgidx = pvec->pages[index]->index;
- for (i = 1; i < cc->cluster_size; i++) {
+ for (i = 0; i < cc->cluster_size; i++) {
if (pvec->pages[index + i]->index != pgidx + i)
return false;
+ if (uptodate && !PageUptodate(pvec->pages[index + i]))
+ return false;
}
return true;
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/data.c b/fs/f2fs/data.c
index 9a1a526f2092..77af65838a7c 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/data.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/data.c
@@ -2967,6 +2967,11 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
if (!f2fs_cluster_is_empty(&cc))
goto lock_page;
+ if (f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(&cc,
+ &pvec, i, nr_pages, true)) {
+ goto lock_page;
+ }
+
ret2 = f2fs_prepare_compress_overwrite(
inode, &pagep,
page->index, &fsdata);
@@ -2977,8 +2982,8 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
} else if (ret2 &&
(!f2fs_compress_write_end(inode,
fsdata, page->index, 1) ||
- !f2fs_all_cluster_page_loaded(&cc,
- &pvec, i, nr_pages))) {
+ !f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(&cc,
+ &pvec, i, nr_pages, false))) {
retry = 1;
break;
}
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
index 38cbed0f544e..5a33f2d4aee8 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
@@ -4177,8 +4177,8 @@ void f2fs_end_read_compressed_page(struct page *page, bool failed,
block_t blkaddr);
bool f2fs_cluster_is_empty(struct compress_ctx *cc);
bool f2fs_cluster_can_merge_page(struct compress_ctx *cc, pgoff_t index);
-bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_loaded(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
- int index, int nr_pages);
+bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
+ int index, int nr_pages, bool uptodate);
bool f2fs_sanity_check_cluster(struct dnode_of_data *dn);
void f2fs_compress_ctx_add_page(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct page *page);
int f2fs_write_multi_pages(struct compress_ctx *cc,
--
2.35.1
_______________________________________________
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Linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-f2fs-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread* Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 1/3] f2fs: intorduce f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready
2022-05-07 8:17 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 1/3] f2fs: intorduce f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
@ 2022-07-11 9:24 ` Chao Yu
0 siblings, 0 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: Chao Yu @ 2022-07-11 9:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Fengnan Chang, jaegeuk; +Cc: linux-f2fs-devel
On 2022/5/7 16:17, Fengnan Chang wrote:
> When write total cluster, all pages is uptodate, there is not need to call
> f2fs_prepare_compress_overwrite, intorduce f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready
> to avoid this.
>
> Signed-off-by: Fengnan Chang <changfengnan@vivo.com>
> ---
> fs/f2fs/compress.c | 11 ++++++++---
> fs/f2fs/data.c | 9 +++++++--
> fs/f2fs/f2fs.h | 4 ++--
> 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/compress.c b/fs/f2fs/compress.c
> index 12a56f9e1572..fd28844aa53f 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/compress.c
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/compress.c
> @@ -871,20 +871,25 @@ bool f2fs_cluster_can_merge_page(struct compress_ctx *cc, pgoff_t index)
> return is_page_in_cluster(cc, index);
> }
>
> -bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_loaded(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
> - int index, int nr_pages)
> +bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
> + int index, int nr_pages, bool uptodate)
> {
> unsigned long pgidx;
> int i;
>
> + if (uptodate && (pgidx % cc->cluster_size))
> + return false;
How about adding comments here to describe the logic if @update is true.
> +
> if (nr_pages - index < cc->cluster_size)
> return false;
>
> pgidx = pvec->pages[index]->index;
>
> - for (i = 1; i < cc->cluster_size; i++) {
> + for (i = 0; i < cc->cluster_size; i++) {
@i should be assigned differently according to @update?
> if (pvec->pages[index + i]->index != pgidx + i)
> return false;
> + if (uptodate && !PageUptodate(pvec->pages[index + i]))
> + return false;
> }
>
> return true;
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/data.c b/fs/f2fs/data.c
> index 9a1a526f2092..77af65838a7c 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/data.c
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/data.c
> @@ -2967,6 +2967,11 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
> if (!f2fs_cluster_is_empty(&cc))
> goto lock_page;
>
> + if (f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(&cc,
> + &pvec, i, nr_pages, true)) {
> + goto lock_page;
> + }
./scripts/checkpatch.pl mentioned that:
braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks
Thanks,
> +
> ret2 = f2fs_prepare_compress_overwrite(
> inode, &pagep,
> page->index, &fsdata);
> @@ -2977,8 +2982,8 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
> } else if (ret2 &&
> (!f2fs_compress_write_end(inode,
> fsdata, page->index, 1) ||
> - !f2fs_all_cluster_page_loaded(&cc,
> - &pvec, i, nr_pages))) {
> + !f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(&cc,
> + &pvec, i, nr_pages, false))) {
> retry = 1;
> break;
> }
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> index 38cbed0f544e..5a33f2d4aee8 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> @@ -4177,8 +4177,8 @@ void f2fs_end_read_compressed_page(struct page *page, bool failed,
> block_t blkaddr);
> bool f2fs_cluster_is_empty(struct compress_ctx *cc);
> bool f2fs_cluster_can_merge_page(struct compress_ctx *cc, pgoff_t index);
> -bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_loaded(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
> - int index, int nr_pages);
> +bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
> + int index, int nr_pages, bool uptodate);
> bool f2fs_sanity_check_cluster(struct dnode_of_data *dn);
> void f2fs_compress_ctx_add_page(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct page *page);
> int f2fs_write_multi_pages(struct compress_ctx *cc,
_______________________________________________
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Linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-f2fs-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 2/3] f2fs: use onstack pages instead of pvec
2022-05-07 8:17 [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 0/3] support compressed file write/read amplifiction Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
2022-05-07 8:17 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 1/3] f2fs: intorduce f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
@ 2022-05-07 8:17 ` Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
2022-07-11 9:46 ` Chao Yu
2022-05-07 8:17 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 3/3] f2fs: support compressed file write/read amplifiction Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
2022-06-03 2:13 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 0/3] " fengnan chang
3 siblings, 1 reply; 9+ messages in thread
From: Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel @ 2022-05-07 8:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: jaegeuk, chao; +Cc: Fengnan Chang, linux-f2fs-devel
Since pvec have 15 pages, it not a multiple of 4, when write compressed
pages, write in 64K as a unit, it will call pagevec_lookup_range_tag
agagin, sometimes this will take a lot of time.
Use onstack pages instead of pvec to mitigate this problem.
Signed-off-by: Fengnan Chang <changfengnan@vivo.com>
---
fs/f2fs/compress.c | 8 ++++----
fs/f2fs/data.c | 16 +++++++---------
fs/f2fs/f2fs.h | 4 +++-
3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/compress.c b/fs/f2fs/compress.c
index fd28844aa53f..d18a65292b69 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/compress.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/compress.c
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ bool f2fs_cluster_can_merge_page(struct compress_ctx *cc, pgoff_t index)
return is_page_in_cluster(cc, index);
}
-bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
+bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct page **pages,
int index, int nr_pages, bool uptodate)
{
unsigned long pgidx;
@@ -883,12 +883,12 @@ bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
if (nr_pages - index < cc->cluster_size)
return false;
- pgidx = pvec->pages[index]->index;
+ pgidx = pages[index]->index;
for (i = 0; i < cc->cluster_size; i++) {
- if (pvec->pages[index + i]->index != pgidx + i)
+ if (pages[index + i]->index != pgidx + i)
return false;
- if (uptodate && !PageUptodate(pvec->pages[index + i]))
+ if (uptodate && !PageUptodate(pages[index + i]))
return false;
}
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/data.c b/fs/f2fs/data.c
index 77af65838a7c..0ae7819b085d 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/data.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/data.c
@@ -2872,7 +2872,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
{
int ret = 0;
int done = 0, retry = 0;
- struct pagevec pvec;
+ struct page *pages[F2FS_ONSTACK_PAGES];
struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_M_SB(mapping);
struct bio *bio = NULL;
sector_t last_block;
@@ -2903,8 +2903,6 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
int submitted = 0;
int i;
- pagevec_init(&pvec);
-
if (get_dirty_pages(mapping->host) <=
SM_I(F2FS_M_SB(mapping))->min_hot_blocks)
set_inode_flag(mapping->host, FI_HOT_DATA);
@@ -2930,13 +2928,13 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
tag_pages_for_writeback(mapping, index, end);
done_index = index;
while (!done && !retry && (index <= end)) {
- nr_pages = pagevec_lookup_range_tag(&pvec, mapping, &index, end,
- tag);
+ nr_pages = find_get_pages_range_tag(mapping, &index, end,
+ tag, F2FS_ONSTACK_PAGES, pages);
if (nr_pages == 0)
break;
for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
- struct page *page = pvec.pages[i];
+ struct page *page = pages[i];
bool need_readd;
readd:
need_readd = false;
@@ -2968,7 +2966,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
goto lock_page;
if (f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(&cc,
- &pvec, i, nr_pages, true)) {
+ pages, i, nr_pages, true)) {
goto lock_page;
}
@@ -2983,7 +2981,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
(!f2fs_compress_write_end(inode,
fsdata, page->index, 1) ||
!f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(&cc,
- &pvec, i, nr_pages, false))) {
+ pages, i, nr_pages, false))) {
retry = 1;
break;
}
@@ -3073,7 +3071,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
if (need_readd)
goto readd;
}
- pagevec_release(&pvec);
+ release_pages(pages, nr_pages);
cond_resched();
}
#ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
index 5a33f2d4aee8..d9c2795dd34d 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
@@ -597,6 +597,8 @@ enum {
#define RECOVERY_MAX_RA_BLOCKS BIO_MAX_VECS
#define RECOVERY_MIN_RA_BLOCKS 1
+#define F2FS_ONSTACK_PAGES 16 /* nr of onstack pages */
+
struct rb_entry {
struct rb_node rb_node; /* rb node located in rb-tree */
union {
@@ -4177,7 +4179,7 @@ void f2fs_end_read_compressed_page(struct page *page, bool failed,
block_t blkaddr);
bool f2fs_cluster_is_empty(struct compress_ctx *cc);
bool f2fs_cluster_can_merge_page(struct compress_ctx *cc, pgoff_t index);
-bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct pagevec *pvec,
+bool f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct page **pages,
int index, int nr_pages, bool uptodate);
bool f2fs_sanity_check_cluster(struct dnode_of_data *dn);
void f2fs_compress_ctx_add_page(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct page *page);
--
2.35.1
_______________________________________________
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^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread* [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 3/3] f2fs: support compressed file write/read amplifiction
2022-05-07 8:17 [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 0/3] support compressed file write/read amplifiction Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
2022-05-07 8:17 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 1/3] f2fs: intorduce f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
2022-05-07 8:17 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 2/3] f2fs: use onstack pages instead of pvec Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
@ 2022-05-07 8:17 ` Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
2022-07-10 12:40 ` fengnan chang
2022-07-11 10:10 ` Chao Yu
2022-06-03 2:13 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 0/3] " fengnan chang
3 siblings, 2 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel @ 2022-05-07 8:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: jaegeuk, chao; +Cc: Fengnan Chang, linux-f2fs-devel
Try to support compressed file write and amplifiction accounting.
Signed-off-by: Fengnan Chang <changfengnan@vivo.com>
---
fs/f2fs/data.c | 19 +++++++++++++++----
fs/f2fs/debug.c | 7 +++++--
fs/f2fs/f2fs.h | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/data.c b/fs/f2fs/data.c
index 0ae7819b085d..98c3d05cae1d 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/data.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/data.c
@@ -2234,6 +2234,11 @@ int f2fs_read_multi_pages(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct bio **bio_ret,
*last_block_in_bio = blkaddr;
}
+ if (cc->nr_cpages > cc->nr_rpages)
+ f2fs_i_compr_ra_blocks_update(inode, cc->nr_cpages - cc->nr_rpages, true);
+ else
+ f2fs_i_compr_ra_blocks_update(inode, cc->nr_rpages - cc->nr_cpages, false);
+
if (from_dnode)
f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
@@ -2900,11 +2905,11 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
int range_whole = 0;
xa_mark_t tag;
int nwritten = 0;
- int submitted = 0;
+ int submitted = 0, raw_dirty_pages = 0;
int i;
- if (get_dirty_pages(mapping->host) <=
- SM_I(F2FS_M_SB(mapping))->min_hot_blocks)
+ raw_dirty_pages = get_dirty_pages(mapping->host);
+ if (raw_dirty_pages <= SM_I(F2FS_M_SB(mapping))->min_hot_blocks)
set_inode_flag(mapping->host, FI_HOT_DATA);
else
clear_inode_flag(mapping->host, FI_HOT_DATA);
@@ -3039,7 +3044,6 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
#endif
nwritten += submitted;
wbc->nr_to_write -= submitted;
-
if (unlikely(ret)) {
/*
* keep nr_to_write, since vfs uses this to
@@ -3105,6 +3109,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
if (bio)
f2fs_submit_merged_ipu_write(sbi, &bio, NULL);
+ if (f2fs_compressed_file(inode)) {
+ if (nwritten > raw_dirty_pages)
+ f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(inode, nwritten - raw_dirty_pages, true);
+ else
+ f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(inode, raw_dirty_pages - nwritten, false);
+ }
return ret;
}
@@ -3369,6 +3379,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
err = ret;
goto fail;
} else if (ret) {
+ f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(inode, ret - 1, true);
return 0;
}
}
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/debug.c b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
index fcdf253cd211..32d06990b1a6 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/debug.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
@@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ static void update_general_status(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
si->inline_dir = atomic_read(&sbi->inline_dir);
si->compr_inode = atomic_read(&sbi->compr_inode);
si->compr_blocks = atomic64_read(&sbi->compr_blocks);
+ si->compr_wa_blocks = atomic64_read(&sbi->compr_wa_blocks);
+ si->compr_ra_blocks = atomic64_read(&sbi->compr_ra_blocks);
si->append = sbi->im[APPEND_INO].ino_num;
si->update = sbi->im[UPDATE_INO].ino_num;
si->orphans = sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO].ino_num;
@@ -389,8 +391,9 @@ static int stat_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
si->inline_inode);
seq_printf(s, " - Inline_dentry Inode: %u\n",
si->inline_dir);
- seq_printf(s, " - Compressed Inode: %u, Blocks: %llu\n",
- si->compr_inode, si->compr_blocks);
+ seq_printf(s, " - Compressed Inode: %u, Blocks: %llu, WA Blocks: %lld, RA Blocks %lld\n",
+ si->compr_inode, si->compr_blocks,
+ si->compr_wa_blocks, si->compr_ra_blocks);
seq_printf(s, " - Orphan/Append/Update Inode: %u, %u, %u\n",
si->orphans, si->append, si->update);
seq_printf(s, "\nMain area: %d segs, %d secs %d zones\n",
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
index d9c2795dd34d..ab09281c28bb 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
@@ -1751,6 +1751,8 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
atomic_t inline_dir; /* # of inline_dentry inodes */
atomic_t compr_inode; /* # of compressed inodes */
atomic64_t compr_blocks; /* # of compressed blocks */
+ atomic64_t compr_wa_blocks; /* # of compressed WA blocks */
+ atomic64_t compr_ra_blocks; /* # of compressed RA blocks */
atomic_t vw_cnt; /* # of volatile writes */
atomic_t max_aw_cnt; /* max # of atomic writes */
atomic_t max_vw_cnt; /* max # of volatile writes */
@@ -3829,6 +3831,8 @@ struct f2fs_stat_info {
int inline_xattr, inline_inode, inline_dir, append, update, orphans;
int compr_inode;
unsigned long long compr_blocks;
+ long long compr_wa_blocks;
+ long long compr_ra_blocks;
int aw_cnt, max_aw_cnt, vw_cnt, max_vw_cnt;
unsigned int valid_count, valid_node_count, valid_inode_count, discard_blks;
unsigned int bimodal, avg_vblocks;
@@ -3917,6 +3921,14 @@ static inline struct f2fs_stat_info *F2FS_STAT(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
(atomic64_add(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_blocks))
#define stat_sub_compr_blocks(inode, blocks) \
(atomic64_sub(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_blocks))
+#define stat_add_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) \
+ (atomic64_add(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_wa_blocks))
+#define stat_sub_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) \
+ (atomic64_sub(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_wa_blocks))
+#define stat_add_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) \
+ (atomic64_add(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_ra_blocks))
+#define stat_sub_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) \
+ (atomic64_sub(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_ra_blocks))
#define stat_inc_meta_count(sbi, blkaddr) \
do { \
if (blkaddr < SIT_I(sbi)->sit_base_addr) \
@@ -4012,6 +4024,10 @@ void f2fs_update_sit_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi);
#define stat_dec_compr_inode(inode) do { } while (0)
#define stat_add_compr_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
#define stat_sub_compr_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
+#define stat_add_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
+#define stat_sub_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
+#define stat_add_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
+#define stat_sub_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
#define stat_update_max_atomic_write(inode) do { } while (0)
#define stat_inc_volatile_write(inode) do { } while (0)
#define stat_dec_volatile_write(inode) do { } while (0)
@@ -4444,6 +4460,24 @@ static inline void f2fs_i_compr_blocks_update(struct inode *inode,
f2fs_mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode, true);
}
+static inline void f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(struct inode *inode,
+ u64 blocks, bool add)
+{
+ if (add)
+ stat_add_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks);
+ else
+ stat_sub_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks);
+}
+
+static inline void f2fs_i_compr_ra_blocks_update(struct inode *inode,
+ u64 blocks, bool add)
+{
+ if (add)
+ stat_add_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks);
+ else
+ stat_sub_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks);
+}
+
static inline int block_unaligned_IO(struct inode *inode,
struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
{
--
2.35.1
_______________________________________________
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Linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-f2fs-devel
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread* Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 3/3] f2fs: support compressed file write/read amplifiction
2022-05-07 8:17 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 3/3] f2fs: support compressed file write/read amplifiction Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
@ 2022-07-10 12:40 ` fengnan chang
2022-07-11 10:10 ` Chao Yu
1 sibling, 0 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: fengnan chang @ 2022-07-10 12:40 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jaegeuk Kim, Chao Yu; +Cc: linux-f2fs-devel
ping
Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
<linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net> 于2022年5月7日周六 16:18写道：
>
> Try to support compressed file write and amplifiction accounting.
>
> Signed-off-by: Fengnan Chang <changfengnan@vivo.com>
> ---
> fs/f2fs/data.c | 19 +++++++++++++++----
> fs/f2fs/debug.c | 7 +++++--
> fs/f2fs/f2fs.h | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 3 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/data.c b/fs/f2fs/data.c
> index 0ae7819b085d..98c3d05cae1d 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/data.c
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/data.c
> @@ -2234,6 +2234,11 @@ int f2fs_read_multi_pages(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct bio **bio_ret,
> *last_block_in_bio = blkaddr;
> }
>
> + if (cc->nr_cpages > cc->nr_rpages)
> + f2fs_i_compr_ra_blocks_update(inode, cc->nr_cpages - cc->nr_rpages, true);
> + else
> + f2fs_i_compr_ra_blocks_update(inode, cc->nr_rpages - cc->nr_cpages, false);
> +
> if (from_dnode)
> f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
>
> @@ -2900,11 +2905,11 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
> int range_whole = 0;
> xa_mark_t tag;
> int nwritten = 0;
> - int submitted = 0;
> + int submitted = 0, raw_dirty_pages = 0;
> int i;
>
> - if (get_dirty_pages(mapping->host) <=
> - SM_I(F2FS_M_SB(mapping))->min_hot_blocks)
> + raw_dirty_pages = get_dirty_pages(mapping->host);
> + if (raw_dirty_pages <= SM_I(F2FS_M_SB(mapping))->min_hot_blocks)
> set_inode_flag(mapping->host, FI_HOT_DATA);
> else
> clear_inode_flag(mapping->host, FI_HOT_DATA);
> @@ -3039,7 +3044,6 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
> #endif
> nwritten += submitted;
> wbc->nr_to_write -= submitted;
> -
> if (unlikely(ret)) {
> /*
> * keep nr_to_write, since vfs uses this to
> @@ -3105,6 +3109,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
> if (bio)
> f2fs_submit_merged_ipu_write(sbi, &bio, NULL);
>
> + if (f2fs_compressed_file(inode)) {
> + if (nwritten > raw_dirty_pages)
> + f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(inode, nwritten - raw_dirty_pages, true);
> + else
> + f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(inode, raw_dirty_pages - nwritten, false);
> + }
> return ret;
> }
>
> @@ -3369,6 +3379,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
> err = ret;
> goto fail;
> } else if (ret) {
> + f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(inode, ret - 1, true);
> return 0;
> }
> }
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/debug.c b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
> index fcdf253cd211..32d06990b1a6 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/debug.c
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
> @@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ static void update_general_status(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> si->inline_dir = atomic_read(&sbi->inline_dir);
> si->compr_inode = atomic_read(&sbi->compr_inode);
> si->compr_blocks = atomic64_read(&sbi->compr_blocks);
> + si->compr_wa_blocks = atomic64_read(&sbi->compr_wa_blocks);
> + si->compr_ra_blocks = atomic64_read(&sbi->compr_ra_blocks);
> si->append = sbi->im[APPEND_INO].ino_num;
> si->update = sbi->im[UPDATE_INO].ino_num;
> si->orphans = sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO].ino_num;
> @@ -389,8 +391,9 @@ static int stat_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
> si->inline_inode);
> seq_printf(s, " - Inline_dentry Inode: %u\n",
> si->inline_dir);
> - seq_printf(s, " - Compressed Inode: %u, Blocks: %llu\n",
> - si->compr_inode, si->compr_blocks);
> + seq_printf(s, " - Compressed Inode: %u, Blocks: %llu, WA Blocks: %lld, RA Blocks %lld\n",
> + si->compr_inode, si->compr_blocks,
> + si->compr_wa_blocks, si->compr_ra_blocks);
> seq_printf(s, " - Orphan/Append/Update Inode: %u, %u, %u\n",
> si->orphans, si->append, si->update);
> seq_printf(s, "\nMain area: %d segs, %d secs %d zones\n",
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> index d9c2795dd34d..ab09281c28bb 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> @@ -1751,6 +1751,8 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
> atomic_t inline_dir; /* # of inline_dentry inodes */
> atomic_t compr_inode; /* # of compressed inodes */
> atomic64_t compr_blocks; /* # of compressed blocks */
> + atomic64_t compr_wa_blocks; /* # of compressed WA blocks */
> + atomic64_t compr_ra_blocks; /* # of compressed RA blocks */
> atomic_t vw_cnt; /* # of volatile writes */
> atomic_t max_aw_cnt; /* max # of atomic writes */
> atomic_t max_vw_cnt; /* max # of volatile writes */
> @@ -3829,6 +3831,8 @@ struct f2fs_stat_info {
> int inline_xattr, inline_inode, inline_dir, append, update, orphans;
> int compr_inode;
> unsigned long long compr_blocks;
> + long long compr_wa_blocks;
> + long long compr_ra_blocks;
> int aw_cnt, max_aw_cnt, vw_cnt, max_vw_cnt;
> unsigned int valid_count, valid_node_count, valid_inode_count, discard_blks;
> unsigned int bimodal, avg_vblocks;
> @@ -3917,6 +3921,14 @@ static inline struct f2fs_stat_info *F2FS_STAT(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> (atomic64_add(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_blocks))
> #define stat_sub_compr_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> (atomic64_sub(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_blocks))
> +#define stat_add_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> + (atomic64_add(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_wa_blocks))
> +#define stat_sub_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> + (atomic64_sub(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_wa_blocks))
> +#define stat_add_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> + (atomic64_add(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_ra_blocks))
> +#define stat_sub_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> + (atomic64_sub(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_ra_blocks))
> #define stat_inc_meta_count(sbi, blkaddr) \
> do { \
> if (blkaddr < SIT_I(sbi)->sit_base_addr) \
> @@ -4012,6 +4024,10 @@ void f2fs_update_sit_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi);
> #define stat_dec_compr_inode(inode) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_add_compr_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_sub_compr_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> +#define stat_add_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> +#define stat_sub_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> +#define stat_add_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> +#define stat_sub_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_update_max_atomic_write(inode) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_inc_volatile_write(inode) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_dec_volatile_write(inode) do { } while (0)
> @@ -4444,6 +4460,24 @@ static inline void f2fs_i_compr_blocks_update(struct inode *inode,
> f2fs_mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode, true);
> }
>
> +static inline void f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(struct inode *inode,
> + u64 blocks, bool add)
> +{
> + if (add)
> + stat_add_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks);
> + else
> + stat_sub_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void f2fs_i_compr_ra_blocks_update(struct inode *inode,
> + u64 blocks, bool add)
> +{
> + if (add)
> + stat_add_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks);
> + else
> + stat_sub_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks);
> +}
> +
> static inline int block_unaligned_IO(struct inode *inode,
> struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
> {
> --
> 2.35.1
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Linux-f2fs-devel mailing list
> Linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-f2fs-devel
_______________________________________________
Linux-f2fs-devel mailing list
Linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-f2fs-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread* Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 3/3] f2fs: support compressed file write/read amplifiction
2022-05-07 8:17 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 3/3] f2fs: support compressed file write/read amplifiction Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
2022-07-10 12:40 ` fengnan chang
@ 2022-07-11 10:10 ` Chao Yu
1 sibling, 0 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: Chao Yu @ 2022-07-11 10:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Fengnan Chang, jaegeuk; +Cc: linux-f2fs-devel
On 2022/5/7 16:17, Fengnan Chang wrote:
> Try to support compressed file write and amplifiction accounting.
>
> Signed-off-by: Fengnan Chang <changfengnan@vivo.com>
> ---
> fs/f2fs/data.c | 19 +++++++++++++++----
> fs/f2fs/debug.c | 7 +++++--
> fs/f2fs/f2fs.h | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 3 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/data.c b/fs/f2fs/data.c
> index 0ae7819b085d..98c3d05cae1d 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/data.c
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/data.c
> @@ -2234,6 +2234,11 @@ int f2fs_read_multi_pages(struct compress_ctx *cc, struct bio **bio_ret,
> *last_block_in_bio = blkaddr;
> }
>
> + if (cc->nr_cpages > cc->nr_rpages)
> + f2fs_i_compr_ra_blocks_update(inode, cc->nr_cpages - cc->nr_rpages, true);
> + else
> + f2fs_i_compr_ra_blocks_update(inode, cc->nr_rpages - cc->nr_cpages, false);
Well, w/ COMPRESS_CACHE option, compressed block can be reused during readpage() or
readahead(), in such case, nr_cpages can be wrong here?
Thanks,
> +
> if (from_dnode)
> f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
>
> @@ -2900,11 +2905,11 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
> int range_whole = 0;
> xa_mark_t tag;
> int nwritten = 0;
> - int submitted = 0;
> + int submitted = 0, raw_dirty_pages = 0;
> int i;
>
> - if (get_dirty_pages(mapping->host) <=
> - SM_I(F2FS_M_SB(mapping))->min_hot_blocks)
> + raw_dirty_pages = get_dirty_pages(mapping->host);
> + if (raw_dirty_pages <= SM_I(F2FS_M_SB(mapping))->min_hot_blocks)
> set_inode_flag(mapping->host, FI_HOT_DATA);
> else
> clear_inode_flag(mapping->host, FI_HOT_DATA);
> @@ -3039,7 +3044,6 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
> #endif
> nwritten += submitted;
> wbc->nr_to_write -= submitted;
> -
> if (unlikely(ret)) {
> /*
> * keep nr_to_write, since vfs uses this to
> @@ -3105,6 +3109,12 @@ static int f2fs_write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
> if (bio)
> f2fs_submit_merged_ipu_write(sbi, &bio, NULL);
>
> + if (f2fs_compressed_file(inode)) {
> + if (nwritten > raw_dirty_pages)
> + f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(inode, nwritten - raw_dirty_pages, true);
> + else
> + f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(inode, raw_dirty_pages - nwritten, false);
> + }
> return ret;
> }
>
> @@ -3369,6 +3379,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
> err = ret;
> goto fail;
> } else if (ret) {
> + f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(inode, ret - 1, true);
> return 0;
> }
> }
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/debug.c b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
> index fcdf253cd211..32d06990b1a6 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/debug.c
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
> @@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ static void update_general_status(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> si->inline_dir = atomic_read(&sbi->inline_dir);
> si->compr_inode = atomic_read(&sbi->compr_inode);
> si->compr_blocks = atomic64_read(&sbi->compr_blocks);
> + si->compr_wa_blocks = atomic64_read(&sbi->compr_wa_blocks);
> + si->compr_ra_blocks = atomic64_read(&sbi->compr_ra_blocks);
> si->append = sbi->im[APPEND_INO].ino_num;
> si->update = sbi->im[UPDATE_INO].ino_num;
> si->orphans = sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO].ino_num;
> @@ -389,8 +391,9 @@ static int stat_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
> si->inline_inode);
> seq_printf(s, " - Inline_dentry Inode: %u\n",
> si->inline_dir);
> - seq_printf(s, " - Compressed Inode: %u, Blocks: %llu\n",
> - si->compr_inode, si->compr_blocks);
> + seq_printf(s, " - Compressed Inode: %u, Blocks: %llu, WA Blocks: %lld, RA Blocks %lld\n",
> + si->compr_inode, si->compr_blocks,
> + si->compr_wa_blocks, si->compr_ra_blocks);
> seq_printf(s, " - Orphan/Append/Update Inode: %u, %u, %u\n",
> si->orphans, si->append, si->update);
> seq_printf(s, "\nMain area: %d segs, %d secs %d zones\n",
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> index d9c2795dd34d..ab09281c28bb 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> @@ -1751,6 +1751,8 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
> atomic_t inline_dir; /* # of inline_dentry inodes */
> atomic_t compr_inode; /* # of compressed inodes */
> atomic64_t compr_blocks; /* # of compressed blocks */
> + atomic64_t compr_wa_blocks; /* # of compressed WA blocks */
> + atomic64_t compr_ra_blocks; /* # of compressed RA blocks */
> atomic_t vw_cnt; /* # of volatile writes */
> atomic_t max_aw_cnt; /* max # of atomic writes */
> atomic_t max_vw_cnt; /* max # of volatile writes */
> @@ -3829,6 +3831,8 @@ struct f2fs_stat_info {
> int inline_xattr, inline_inode, inline_dir, append, update, orphans;
> int compr_inode;
> unsigned long long compr_blocks;
> + long long compr_wa_blocks;
> + long long compr_ra_blocks;
> int aw_cnt, max_aw_cnt, vw_cnt, max_vw_cnt;
> unsigned int valid_count, valid_node_count, valid_inode_count, discard_blks;
> unsigned int bimodal, avg_vblocks;
> @@ -3917,6 +3921,14 @@ static inline struct f2fs_stat_info *F2FS_STAT(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> (atomic64_add(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_blocks))
> #define stat_sub_compr_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> (atomic64_sub(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_blocks))
> +#define stat_add_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> + (atomic64_add(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_wa_blocks))
> +#define stat_sub_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> + (atomic64_sub(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_wa_blocks))
> +#define stat_add_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> + (atomic64_add(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_ra_blocks))
> +#define stat_sub_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) \
> + (atomic64_sub(blocks, &F2FS_I_SB(inode)->compr_ra_blocks))
> #define stat_inc_meta_count(sbi, blkaddr) \
> do { \
> if (blkaddr < SIT_I(sbi)->sit_base_addr) \
> @@ -4012,6 +4024,10 @@ void f2fs_update_sit_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi);
> #define stat_dec_compr_inode(inode) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_add_compr_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_sub_compr_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> +#define stat_add_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> +#define stat_sub_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> +#define stat_add_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> +#define stat_sub_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_update_max_atomic_write(inode) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_inc_volatile_write(inode) do { } while (0)
> #define stat_dec_volatile_write(inode) do { } while (0)
> @@ -4444,6 +4460,24 @@ static inline void f2fs_i_compr_blocks_update(struct inode *inode,
> f2fs_mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode, true);
> }
>
> +static inline void f2fs_i_compr_wa_blocks_update(struct inode *inode,
> + u64 blocks, bool add)
> +{
> + if (add)
> + stat_add_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks);
> + else
> + stat_sub_compr_wa_blocks(inode, blocks);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void f2fs_i_compr_ra_blocks_update(struct inode *inode,
> + u64 blocks, bool add)
> +{
> + if (add)
> + stat_add_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks);
> + else
> + stat_sub_compr_ra_blocks(inode, blocks);
> +}
> +
> static inline int block_unaligned_IO(struct inode *inode,
> struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
> {
_______________________________________________
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Linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-f2fs-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 0/3] support compressed file write/read amplifiction
2022-05-07 8:17 [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 0/3] support compressed file write/read amplifiction Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2022-05-07 8:17 ` [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2 3/3] f2fs: support compressed file write/read amplifiction Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
@ 2022-06-03 2:13 ` fengnan chang
3 siblings, 0 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: fengnan chang @ 2022-06-03 2:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Fengnan Chang; +Cc: Jaegeuk Kim, linux-f2fs-devel
ping...
Fengnan Chang via Linux-f2fs-devel
<linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net> 于2022年5月7日周六 16:18写道：
>
> Optimise f2fs_write_cache_pages, and support compressed file write/read
> amplifiction accounting.
>
> Fengnan Chang (3):
> f2fs: intorduce f2fs_all_cluster_page_ready
> f2fs: use onstack pages instead of pvec
> f2fs: support compressed file write/read amplifiction
>
> fs/f2fs/compress.c | 15 ++++++++++-----
> fs/f2fs/data.c | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
> fs/f2fs/debug.c | 7 +++++--
> fs/f2fs/f2fs.h | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
> 4 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
>
> --
> 2.35.1
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Linux-f2fs-devel mailing list
> Linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-f2fs-devel
_______________________________________________
Linux-f2fs-devel mailing list
Linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-f2fs-devel
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread