[PATCH 0/3] contrib/elf2dmp: Windows Server 2022 support

[PATCH 0/3] contrib/elf2dmp: Windows Server 2022 support

[Viktor Prutyanov]

Hi,

For now, elf2dmp is unable to convert ELF-dump to DMP-dump made of
Windows Server 2022 guest. This patch series fixes it.

Viktor Prutyanov (3):
  contrib/elf2dmp: fix code style
  contrib/elf2dmp: move PE dir search to pe_get_data_dir_entry
  contrib/elf2dmp: add PE name check and Windows Server 2022 support

 contrib/elf2dmp/main.c | 103 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h   | 115 +++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 2 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

-- 
2.31.1

[PATCH 1/3] contrib/elf2dmp: fix code style

[Viktor Prutyanov]

Originally elf2dmp were added with some code style issues,
especially in pe.h header, and some were introduced by
2d0fc797faaa73fbc1d30f5f9e90407bf3dd93f0. Fix them now.

Signed-off-by: Viktor Prutyanov <viktor.prutyanov@phystech.edu>
---
 contrib/elf2dmp/main.c |   9 ++--
 contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h   | 100 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c b/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
index 20b477d582..beb534e79c 100644
--- a/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
+++ b/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
@@ -281,14 +281,16 @@ static int fill_header(WinDumpHeader64 *hdr, struct pa_space *ps,
     };
 
     for (i = 0; i < ps->block_nr; i++) {
-        h.PhysicalMemoryBlock.NumberOfPages += ps->block[i].size / ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE;
+        h.PhysicalMemoryBlock.NumberOfPages +=
+                ps->block[i].size / ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE;
         h.PhysicalMemoryBlock.Run[i] = (WinDumpPhyMemRun64) {
             .BasePage = ps->block[i].paddr / ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE,
             .PageCount = ps->block[i].size / ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE,
         };
     }
 
-    h.RequiredDumpSpace += h.PhysicalMemoryBlock.NumberOfPages << ELF2DMP_PAGE_BITS;
+    h.RequiredDumpSpace +=
+            h.PhysicalMemoryBlock.NumberOfPages << ELF2DMP_PAGE_BITS;
 
     *hdr = h;
 
@@ -298,7 +300,8 @@ static int fill_header(WinDumpHeader64 *hdr, struct pa_space *ps,
 static int fill_context(KDDEBUGGER_DATA64 *kdbg,
         struct va_space *vs, QEMU_Elf *qe)
 {
-        int i;
+    int i;
+
     for (i = 0; i < qe->state_nr; i++) {
         uint64_t Prcb;
         uint64_t Context;
diff --git a/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h b/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h
index c2a4a6ba7c..807d006364 100644
--- a/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h
+++ b/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h
@@ -33,70 +33,70 @@ typedef struct IMAGE_DOS_HEADER {
 } __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_DOS_HEADER;
 
 typedef struct IMAGE_FILE_HEADER {
-  uint16_t  Machine;
-  uint16_t  NumberOfSections;
-  uint32_t  TimeDateStamp;
-  uint32_t  PointerToSymbolTable;
-  uint32_t  NumberOfSymbols;
-  uint16_t  SizeOfOptionalHeader;
-  uint16_t  Characteristics;
+    uint16_t  Machine;
+    uint16_t  NumberOfSections;
+    uint32_t  TimeDateStamp;
+    uint32_t  PointerToSymbolTable;
+    uint32_t  NumberOfSymbols;
+    uint16_t  SizeOfOptionalHeader;
+    uint16_t  Characteristics;
 } __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_FILE_HEADER;
 
 typedef struct IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY {
-  uint32_t VirtualAddress;
-  uint32_t Size;
+    uint32_t VirtualAddress;
+    uint32_t Size;
 } __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY;
 
 #define IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES 16
 
 typedef struct IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 {
-  uint16_t  Magic; /* 0x20b */
-  uint8_t   MajorLinkerVersion;
-  uint8_t   MinorLinkerVersion;
-  uint32_t  SizeOfCode;
-  uint32_t  SizeOfInitializedData;
-  uint32_t  SizeOfUninitializedData;
-  uint32_t  AddressOfEntryPoint;
-  uint32_t  BaseOfCode;
-  uint64_t  ImageBase;
-  uint32_t  SectionAlignment;
-  uint32_t  FileAlignment;
-  uint16_t  MajorOperatingSystemVersion;
-  uint16_t  MinorOperatingSystemVersion;
-  uint16_t  MajorImageVersion;
-  uint16_t  MinorImageVersion;
-  uint16_t  MajorSubsystemVersion;
-  uint16_t  MinorSubsystemVersion;
-  uint32_t  Win32VersionValue;
-  uint32_t  SizeOfImage;
-  uint32_t  SizeOfHeaders;
-  uint32_t  CheckSum;
-  uint16_t  Subsystem;
-  uint16_t  DllCharacteristics;
-  uint64_t  SizeOfStackReserve;
-  uint64_t  SizeOfStackCommit;
-  uint64_t  SizeOfHeapReserve;
-  uint64_t  SizeOfHeapCommit;
-  uint32_t  LoaderFlags;
-  uint32_t  NumberOfRvaAndSizes;
-  IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY DataDirectory[IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES];
+    uint16_t  Magic; /* 0x20b */
+    uint8_t   MajorLinkerVersion;
+    uint8_t   MinorLinkerVersion;
+    uint32_t  SizeOfCode;
+    uint32_t  SizeOfInitializedData;
+    uint32_t  SizeOfUninitializedData;
+    uint32_t  AddressOfEntryPoint;
+    uint32_t  BaseOfCode;
+    uint64_t  ImageBase;
+    uint32_t  SectionAlignment;
+    uint32_t  FileAlignment;
+    uint16_t  MajorOperatingSystemVersion;
+    uint16_t  MinorOperatingSystemVersion;
+    uint16_t  MajorImageVersion;
+    uint16_t  MinorImageVersion;
+    uint16_t  MajorSubsystemVersion;
+    uint16_t  MinorSubsystemVersion;
+    uint32_t  Win32VersionValue;
+    uint32_t  SizeOfImage;
+    uint32_t  SizeOfHeaders;
+    uint32_t  CheckSum;
+    uint16_t  Subsystem;
+    uint16_t  DllCharacteristics;
+    uint64_t  SizeOfStackReserve;
+    uint64_t  SizeOfStackCommit;
+    uint64_t  SizeOfHeapReserve;
+    uint64_t  SizeOfHeapCommit;
+    uint32_t  LoaderFlags;
+    uint32_t  NumberOfRvaAndSizes;
+    IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY DataDirectory[IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES];
 } __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64;
 
 typedef struct IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 {
-  uint32_t Signature;
-  IMAGE_FILE_HEADER FileHeader;
-  IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 OptionalHeader;
+    uint32_t Signature;
+    IMAGE_FILE_HEADER FileHeader;
+    IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 OptionalHeader;
 } __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64;
 
 typedef struct IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY {
-  uint32_t Characteristics;
-  uint32_t TimeDateStamp;
-  uint16_t MajorVersion;
-  uint16_t MinorVersion;
-  uint32_t Type;
-  uint32_t SizeOfData;
-  uint32_t AddressOfRawData;
-  uint32_t PointerToRawData;
+    uint32_t Characteristics;
+    uint32_t TimeDateStamp;
+    uint16_t MajorVersion;
+    uint16_t MinorVersion;
+    uint32_t Type;
+    uint32_t SizeOfData;
+    uint32_t AddressOfRawData;
+    uint32_t PointerToRawData;
 } __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY;
 
 #define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_CODEVIEW   2
-- 
2.31.1

[PATCH 2/3] contrib/elf2dmp: move PE dir search to pe_get_data_dir_entry

[Viktor Prutyanov]

Move out PE directory search functionality to be reused not only
for Debug Directory processing but for arbitrary PE directory.

Signed-off-by: Viktor Prutyanov <viktor.prutyanov@phystech.edu>
---
 contrib/elf2dmp/main.c | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c b/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
index beb534e79c..a62fde23cc 100644
--- a/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
+++ b/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
@@ -332,6 +332,40 @@ static int fill_context(KDDEBUGGER_DATA64 *kdbg,
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int pe_get_data_dir_entry(uint64_t base, void *start_addr, int idx,
+        void *entry, size_t size, struct va_space *vs)
+{
+    const char e_magic[2] = "MZ";
+    const char Signature[4] = "PE\0\0";
+    IMAGE_DOS_HEADER *dos_hdr = start_addr;
+    IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 nt_hdrs;
+    IMAGE_FILE_HEADER *file_hdr = &nt_hdrs.FileHeader;
+    IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 *opt_hdr = &nt_hdrs.OptionalHeader;
+    IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY *data_dir = nt_hdrs.OptionalHeader.DataDirectory;
+
+    if (memcmp(&dos_hdr->e_magic, e_magic, sizeof(e_magic))) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (va_space_rw(vs, base + dos_hdr->e_lfanew,
+                &nt_hdrs, sizeof(nt_hdrs), 0)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (memcmp(&nt_hdrs.Signature, Signature, sizeof(Signature)) ||
+            file_hdr->Machine != 0x8664 || opt_hdr->Magic != 0x020b) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (va_space_rw(vs,
+                base + data_dir[idx].VirtualAddress,
+                entry, size, 0)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static int write_dump(struct pa_space *ps,
         WinDumpHeader64 *hdr, const char *name)
 {
@@ -368,42 +402,16 @@ static int write_dump(struct pa_space *ps,
 static int pe_get_pdb_symstore_hash(uint64_t base, void *start_addr,
         char *hash, struct va_space *vs)
 {
-    const char e_magic[2] = "MZ";
-    const char Signature[4] = "PE\0\0";
     const char sign_rsds[4] = "RSDS";
-    IMAGE_DOS_HEADER *dos_hdr = start_addr;
-    IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 nt_hdrs;
-    IMAGE_FILE_HEADER *file_hdr = &nt_hdrs.FileHeader;
-    IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 *opt_hdr = &nt_hdrs.OptionalHeader;
-    IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY *data_dir = nt_hdrs.OptionalHeader.DataDirectory;
     IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY debug_dir;
     OMFSignatureRSDS rsds;
     char *pdb_name;
     size_t pdb_name_sz;
     size_t i;
 
-    QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*dos_hdr) >= ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE);
-
-    if (memcmp(&dos_hdr->e_magic, e_magic, sizeof(e_magic))) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (va_space_rw(vs, base + dos_hdr->e_lfanew,
-                &nt_hdrs, sizeof(nt_hdrs), 0)) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (memcmp(&nt_hdrs.Signature, Signature, sizeof(Signature)) ||
-            file_hdr->Machine != 0x8664 || opt_hdr->Magic != 0x020b) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    printf("Debug Directory RVA = 0x%08"PRIx32"\n",
-            (uint32_t)data_dir[IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY].VirtualAddress);
-
-    if (va_space_rw(vs,
-                base + data_dir[IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY].VirtualAddress,
-                &debug_dir, sizeof(debug_dir), 0)) {
+    if (pe_get_data_dir_entry(base, start_addr, IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY,
+                &debug_dir, sizeof(debug_dir), vs)) {
+        eprintf("Failed to get Debug Directory\n");
         return 1;
     }
 
-- 
2.31.1

[PATCH 3/3] contrib/elf2dmp: add PE name check and Windows Server 2022 support

[Viktor Prutyanov]

Since its inception elf2dmp has checked MZ signatures within an
address space above IDT[0] interrupt vector and took first PE image
found as Windows Kernel.
But in Windows Server 2022 memory dump this address space range is
full of invalid PE fragments and the tool must check that PE image
is 'ntoskrnl.exe' actually.
So, introduce additional validation by checking image name from
Export Directory against 'ntoskrnl.exe'.

Signed-off-by: Viktor Prutyanov <viktor.prutyanov@phystech.edu>
---
 contrib/elf2dmp/main.c | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h   | 15 +++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c b/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
index a62fde23cc..04cdd07292 100644
--- a/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
+++ b/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #define SYM_URL_BASE    "https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols/"
 #define PDB_NAME    "ntkrnlmp.pdb"
+#define PE_NAME     "ntoskrnl.exe"
 
 #define INITIAL_MXCSR   0x1f80
 
@@ -399,6 +400,25 @@ static int write_dump(struct pa_space *ps,
     return fclose(dmp_file);
 }
 
+static bool pe_check_export_name(uint64_t base, void *start_addr,
+        struct va_space *vs)
+{
+    IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY export_dir;
+    const char *pe_name;
+
+    if (pe_get_data_dir_entry(base, start_addr, IMAGE_FILE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY,
+                &export_dir, sizeof(export_dir), vs)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    pe_name = va_space_resolve(vs, base + export_dir.Name);
+    if (!pe_name) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return !strcmp(pe_name, PE_NAME);
+}
+
 static int pe_get_pdb_symstore_hash(uint64_t base, void *start_addr,
         char *hash, struct va_space *vs)
 {
@@ -483,6 +503,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     uint64_t KdDebuggerDataBlock;
     KDDEBUGGER_DATA64 *kdbg;
     uint64_t KdVersionBlock;
+    bool kernel_found = false;
 
     if (argc != 3) {
         eprintf("usage:\n\t%s elf_file dmp_file\n", argv[0]);
@@ -530,11 +551,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         }
 
         if (*(uint16_t *)nt_start_addr == 0x5a4d) { /* MZ */
-            break;
+            if (pe_check_export_name(KernBase, nt_start_addr, &vs)) {
+                kernel_found = true;
+                break;
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    if (!nt_start_addr) {
+    if (!kernel_found) {
         eprintf("Failed to find NT kernel image\n");
         err = 1;
         goto out_ps;
diff --git a/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h b/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h
index 807d006364..71126af1ac 100644
--- a/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h
+++ b/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h
@@ -88,6 +88,20 @@ typedef struct IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 {
     IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 OptionalHeader;
 } __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64;
 
+typedef struct IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY {
+    uint32_t    Characteristics;
+    uint32_t    TimeDateStamp;
+    uint16_t    MajorVersion;
+    uint16_t    MinorVersion;
+    uint32_t    Name;
+    uint32_t    Base;
+    uint32_t    NumberOfFunctions;
+    uint32_t    NumberOfNames;
+    uint32_t    AddressOfFunctions;
+    uint32_t    AddressOfNames;
+    uint32_t    AddressOfNameOrdinals;
+} __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY;
+
 typedef struct IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY {
     uint32_t Characteristics;
     uint32_t TimeDateStamp;
@@ -102,6 +116,7 @@ typedef struct IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY {
 #define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_CODEVIEW   2
 #endif
 
+#define IMAGE_FILE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY 0
 #define IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY  6
 
 typedef struct guid_t {
-- 
2.31.1

Re: [PATCH 3/3] contrib/elf2dmp: add PE name check and Windows Server 2022 support

[Yuri Benditovich]

On Wed, Nov 3, 2021 at 6:13 PM Viktor Prutyanov
<viktor.prutyanov@phystech.edu> wrote:
>
> Since its inception elf2dmp has checked MZ signatures within an
> address space above IDT[0] interrupt vector and took first PE image
> found as Windows Kernel.
> But in Windows Server 2022 memory dump this address space range is
> full of invalid PE fragments and the tool must check that PE image
> is 'ntoskrnl.exe' actually.
> So, introduce additional validation by checking image name from
> Export Directory against 'ntoskrnl.exe'.
>
> Signed-off-by: Viktor Prutyanov <viktor.prutyanov@phystech.edu>
Tested-by: Yuri Benditovich <yuri.benditovich@daynix.com>
> ---
>  contrib/elf2dmp/main.c | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
>  contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h   | 15 +++++++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c b/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
> index a62fde23cc..04cdd07292 100644
> --- a/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
> +++ b/contrib/elf2dmp/main.c
> @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
>
>  #define SYM_URL_BASE    "https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols/"
>  #define PDB_NAME    "ntkrnlmp.pdb"
> +#define PE_NAME     "ntoskrnl.exe"
>
>  #define INITIAL_MXCSR   0x1f80
>
> @@ -399,6 +400,25 @@ static int write_dump(struct pa_space *ps,
>      return fclose(dmp_file);
>  }
>
> +static bool pe_check_export_name(uint64_t base, void *start_addr,
> +        struct va_space *vs)
> +{
> +    IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY export_dir;
> +    const char *pe_name;
> +
> +    if (pe_get_data_dir_entry(base, start_addr, IMAGE_FILE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY,
> +                &export_dir, sizeof(export_dir), vs)) {
> +        return false;
> +    }
> +
> +    pe_name = va_space_resolve(vs, base + export_dir.Name);
> +    if (!pe_name) {
> +        return false;
> +    }
> +
> +    return !strcmp(pe_name, PE_NAME);
> +}
> +
>  static int pe_get_pdb_symstore_hash(uint64_t base, void *start_addr,
>          char *hash, struct va_space *vs)
>  {
> @@ -483,6 +503,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
>      uint64_t KdDebuggerDataBlock;
>      KDDEBUGGER_DATA64 *kdbg;
>      uint64_t KdVersionBlock;
> +    bool kernel_found = false;
>
>      if (argc != 3) {
>          eprintf("usage:\n\t%s elf_file dmp_file\n", argv[0]);
> @@ -530,11 +551,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
>          }
>
>          if (*(uint16_t *)nt_start_addr == 0x5a4d) { /* MZ */
> -            break;
> +            if (pe_check_export_name(KernBase, nt_start_addr, &vs)) {
> +                kernel_found = true;
> +                break;
> +            }
>          }
>      }
>
> -    if (!nt_start_addr) {
> +    if (!kernel_found) {
>          eprintf("Failed to find NT kernel image\n");
>          err = 1;
>          goto out_ps;
> diff --git a/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h b/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h
> index 807d006364..71126af1ac 100644
> --- a/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h
> +++ b/contrib/elf2dmp/pe.h
> @@ -88,6 +88,20 @@ typedef struct IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 {
>      IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 OptionalHeader;
>  } __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64;
>
> +typedef struct IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY {
> +    uint32_t    Characteristics;
> +    uint32_t    TimeDateStamp;
> +    uint16_t    MajorVersion;
> +    uint16_t    MinorVersion;
> +    uint32_t    Name;
> +    uint32_t    Base;
> +    uint32_t    NumberOfFunctions;
> +    uint32_t    NumberOfNames;
> +    uint32_t    AddressOfFunctions;
> +    uint32_t    AddressOfNames;
> +    uint32_t    AddressOfNameOrdinals;
> +} __attribute__ ((packed)) IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY;
> +
>  typedef struct IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY {
>      uint32_t Characteristics;
>      uint32_t TimeDateStamp;
> @@ -102,6 +116,7 @@ typedef struct IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY {
>  #define IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_CODEVIEW   2
>  #endif
>
> +#define IMAGE_FILE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY 0
>  #define IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY  6
>
>  typedef struct guid_t {
> --
> 2.31.1
>