[PATCH v9 0/4] randomize memory access of dirty_log_perf_test

[PATCH v9 0/4] randomize memory access of dirty_log_perf_test

[Colton Lewis]

Add the ability to randomize parts of dirty_log_perf_test,
specifically the order pages are accessed and whether pages are read
or written.

v9:

Move declaration of rand_state to one commit later to reflect where it
is first used.

Formatting.

Colton Lewis (4):
  KVM: selftests: implement random number generator for guest code
  KVM: selftests: create -r argument to specify random seed
  KVM: selftests: randomize which pages are written vs read
  KVM: selftests: randomize page access order

 .../selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c |  2 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c       | 57 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h    |  8 ++-
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h |  7 +++
 .../selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c        | 33 +++++++++--
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/test_util.c   | 17 ++++++
 6 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

--
2.38.1.273.g43a17bfeac-goog

[PATCH v9 1/4] KVM: selftests: implement random number generator for guest code

[Colton Lewis]

Implement random number generator for guest code to randomize parts
of the test, making it less predictable and a more accurate reflection
of reality.

The random number generator chosen is the Park-Miller Linear
Congruential Generator, a fancy name for a basic and well-understood
random number generator entirely sufficient for this purpose. Each
vCPU calculates its own seed by adding its index to the seed provided.

Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h |  7 +++++++
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/test_util.c     | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
index befc754ce9b3..9e4f36a1a8b0 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
@@ -152,4 +152,11 @@ static inline void *align_ptr_up(void *x, size_t size)
 	return (void *)align_up((unsigned long)x, size);
 }
 
+struct guest_random_state {
+	uint32_t seed;
+};
+
+struct guest_random_state new_guest_random_state(uint32_t seed);
+uint32_t guest_random_u32(struct guest_random_state *state);
+
 #endif /* SELFTEST_KVM_TEST_UTIL_H */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/test_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/test_util.c
index 6d23878bbfe1..c4d2749fb2c3 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/test_util.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/test_util.c
@@ -17,6 +17,23 @@
 
 #include "test_util.h"
 
+/*
+ * Random number generator that is usable from guest code. This is the
+ * Park-Miller LCG using standard constants.
+ */
+
+struct guest_random_state new_guest_random_state(uint32_t seed)
+{
+	struct guest_random_state s = {.seed = seed};
+	return s;
+}
+
+uint32_t guest_random_u32(struct guest_random_state *state)
+{
+	state->seed = (uint64_t)state->seed * 48271 % ((uint32_t)(1 << 31) - 1);
+	return state->seed;
+}
+
 /*
  * Parses "[0-9]+[kmgt]?".
  */
-- 
2.38.1.273.g43a17bfeac-goog

Re: [PATCH v9 1/4] KVM: selftests: implement random number generator for guest code

[Sean Christopherson]

On Wed, Nov 02, 2022, Colton Lewis wrote:
> Implement random number generator for guest code to randomize parts
> of the test, making it less predictable and a more accurate reflection
> of reality.
> 
> The random number generator chosen is the Park-Miller Linear
> Congruential Generator, a fancy name for a basic and well-understood
> random number generator entirely sufficient for this purpose. Each
> vCPU calculates its own seed by adding its index to the seed provided.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>
> ---

Reviewed-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>

Re: [PATCH v9 1/4] KVM: selftests: implement random number generator for guest code

[David Matlack]

On Wed, Nov 02, 2022 at 04:00:04PM +0000, Colton Lewis wrote:
> Implement random number generator for guest code to randomize parts
> of the test, making it less predictable and a more accurate reflection
> of reality.
> 
> The random number generator chosen is the Park-Miller Linear
> Congruential Generator, a fancy name for a basic and well-understood
> random number generator entirely sufficient for this purpose. Each
> vCPU calculates its own seed by adding its index to the seed provided.

Move this last sentence to patch 3?

> 
> Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>

Otherwise,

Reviewed-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com>

Re: [PATCH v9 1/4] KVM: selftests: implement random number generator for guest code

[Colton Lewis]

David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> writes:

> On Wed, Nov 02, 2022 at 04:00:04PM +0000, Colton Lewis wrote:
>> Implement random number generator for guest code to randomize parts
>> of the test, making it less predictable and a more accurate reflection
>> of reality.

>> The random number generator chosen is the Park-Miller Linear
>> Congruential Generator, a fancy name for a basic and well-understood
>> random number generator entirely sufficient for this purpose. Each
>> vCPU calculates its own seed by adding its index to the seed provided.

> Move this last sentence to patch 3?


Will do.

[PATCH v9 2/4] KVM: selftests: create -r argument to specify random seed

[Colton Lewis]

Create a -r argument to specify a random seed. If no argument is
provided, the seed defaults to 1. The random seed is set with
perf_test_set_random_seed() and must be set before guest_code runs to
apply.

Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c    | 12 ++++++++++--
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h |  2 ++
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c     |  6 ++++++
 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
index f99e39a672d3..c97a5e455699 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ struct test_params {
 	bool partition_vcpu_memory_access;
 	enum vm_mem_backing_src_type backing_src;
 	int slots;
+	uint32_t random_seed;
 };
 
 static void toggle_dirty_logging(struct kvm_vm *vm, int slots, bool enable)
@@ -225,6 +226,9 @@ static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
 				 p->slots, p->backing_src,
 				 p->partition_vcpu_memory_access);
 
+	/* If no argument provided, random seed will be 1. */
+	pr_info("Random seed: %u\n", p->random_seed);
+	perf_test_set_random_seed(vm, p->random_seed ? p->random_seed : 1);
 	perf_test_set_wr_fract(vm, p->wr_fract);
 
 	guest_num_pages = (nr_vcpus * guest_percpu_mem_size) >> vm->page_shift;
@@ -352,7 +356,7 @@ static void help(char *name)
 {
 	puts("");
 	printf("usage: %s [-h] [-i iterations] [-p offset] [-g] "
-	       "[-m mode] [-n] [-b vcpu bytes] [-v vcpus] [-o] [-s mem type]"
+	       "[-m mode] [-n] [-b vcpu bytes] [-v vcpus] [-o] [-r random seed ] [-s mem type]"
 	       "[-x memslots]\n", name);
 	puts("");
 	printf(" -i: specify iteration counts (default: %"PRIu64")\n",
@@ -380,6 +384,7 @@ static void help(char *name)
 	printf(" -v: specify the number of vCPUs to run.\n");
 	printf(" -o: Overlap guest memory accesses instead of partitioning\n"
 	       "     them into a separate region of memory for each vCPU.\n");
+	printf(" -r: specify the starting random seed.\n");
 	backing_src_help("-s");
 	printf(" -x: Split the memory region into this number of memslots.\n"
 	       "     (default: 1)\n");
@@ -406,7 +411,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	guest_modes_append_default();
 
-	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "eghi:p:m:nb:f:v:os:x:")) != -1) {
+	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "eghi:p:m:nb:f:v:or:s:x:")) != -1) {
 		switch (opt) {
 		case 'e':
 			/* 'e' is for evil. */
@@ -442,6 +447,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		case 'o':
 			p.partition_vcpu_memory_access = false;
 			break;
+		case 'r':
+			p.random_seed = atoi(optarg);
+			break;
 		case 's':
 			p.backing_src = parse_backing_src_type(optarg);
 			break;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
index eaa88df0555a..f1050fd42d10 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ struct perf_test_args {
 	uint64_t gpa;
 	uint64_t size;
 	uint64_t guest_page_size;
+	uint32_t random_seed;
 	int wr_fract;
 
 	/* Run vCPUs in L2 instead of L1, if the architecture supports it. */
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ struct kvm_vm *perf_test_create_vm(enum vm_guest_mode mode, int nr_vcpus,
 void perf_test_destroy_vm(struct kvm_vm *vm);
 
 void perf_test_set_wr_fract(struct kvm_vm *vm, int wr_fract);
+void perf_test_set_random_seed(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t random_seed);
 
 void perf_test_start_vcpu_threads(int vcpus, void (*vcpu_fn)(struct perf_test_vcpu_args *));
 void perf_test_join_vcpu_threads(int vcpus);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
index 9618b37c66f7..0bb0659b9a0d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
@@ -229,6 +229,12 @@ void perf_test_set_wr_fract(struct kvm_vm *vm, int wr_fract)
 	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args);
 }
 
+void perf_test_set_random_seed(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t random_seed)
+{
+	perf_test_args.random_seed = random_seed;
+	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args.random_seed);
+}
+
 uint64_t __weak perf_test_nested_pages(int nr_vcpus)
 {
 	return 0;
-- 
2.38.1.273.g43a17bfeac-goog

Re: [PATCH v9 2/4] KVM: selftests: create -r argument to specify random seed

[Sean Christopherson]

On Wed, Nov 02, 2022, Colton Lewis wrote:
> Create a -r argument to specify a random seed. If no argument is
> provided, the seed defaults to 1. The random seed is set with
> perf_test_set_random_seed() and must be set before guest_code runs to
> apply.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>
> ---

Reviewed-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>

> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
> index 9618b37c66f7..0bb0659b9a0d 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
> @@ -229,6 +229,12 @@ void perf_test_set_wr_fract(struct kvm_vm *vm, int wr_fract)
>  	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args);
>  }
>  
> +void perf_test_set_random_seed(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t random_seed)
> +{
> +	perf_test_args.random_seed = random_seed;
> +	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args.random_seed);

After Vishal's series[*] to add a kvm_selftest_init() and kvm_arch_vm_post_create()
lands, we should look into moving the pRNG support to kvm_vm and kvm_vcpu.  E.g.
parse the base kvm_selftest_init(), copy it to each VM during kvm_arch_vm_post_create(),
and then init the per-vCPU pRNG when a vCPU is createrd.

The common parsing will probably require mucking with args[], or maybe using an
environment variable, but it'd be nice for the pRNG to be automagically available
to guest code.

[*] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20221013121319.994170-3-vannapurve@google.com

Re: [PATCH v9 2/4] KVM: selftests: create -r argument to specify random seed

[David Matlack]

On Wed, Nov 02, 2022 at 04:00:05PM +0000, Colton Lewis wrote:
> Create a -r argument to specify a random seed. If no argument is
> provided, the seed defaults to 1. The random seed is set with
> perf_test_set_random_seed() and must be set before guest_code runs to
> apply.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>
> ---
>  tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c    | 12 ++++++++++--
>  tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h |  2 ++
>  tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c     |  6 ++++++
>  3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
> index f99e39a672d3..c97a5e455699 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
> @@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ struct test_params {
>  	bool partition_vcpu_memory_access;
>  	enum vm_mem_backing_src_type backing_src;
>  	int slots;
> +	uint32_t random_seed;
>  };
>  
>  static void toggle_dirty_logging(struct kvm_vm *vm, int slots, bool enable)
> @@ -225,6 +226,9 @@ static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
>  				 p->slots, p->backing_src,
>  				 p->partition_vcpu_memory_access);
>  
> +	/* If no argument provided, random seed will be 1. */
> +	pr_info("Random seed: %u\n", p->random_seed);
> +	perf_test_set_random_seed(vm, p->random_seed ? p->random_seed : 1);

If the user passes `-r 0` or does not pass `-r` at all, this will print
"Random seed: 0" and then proceed to use 1 as the random seed, which
seems unnecessarily misleading.

If you want the default random seed to be 1, you can initialize
p.random_seed to 1 before argument parsing (where all the other
test_params are default initialized), then the value you print here will
be accurate and you don't need the comment or ternary operator.

>  	perf_test_set_wr_fract(vm, p->wr_fract);
>  
>  	guest_num_pages = (nr_vcpus * guest_percpu_mem_size) >> vm->page_shift;
> @@ -352,7 +356,7 @@ static void help(char *name)
>  {
>  	puts("");
>  	printf("usage: %s [-h] [-i iterations] [-p offset] [-g] "
> -	       "[-m mode] [-n] [-b vcpu bytes] [-v vcpus] [-o] [-s mem type]"
> +	       "[-m mode] [-n] [-b vcpu bytes] [-v vcpus] [-o] [-r random seed ] [-s mem type]"
>  	       "[-x memslots]\n", name);
>  	puts("");
>  	printf(" -i: specify iteration counts (default: %"PRIu64")\n",
> @@ -380,6 +384,7 @@ static void help(char *name)
>  	printf(" -v: specify the number of vCPUs to run.\n");
>  	printf(" -o: Overlap guest memory accesses instead of partitioning\n"
>  	       "     them into a separate region of memory for each vCPU.\n");
> +	printf(" -r: specify the starting random seed.\n");
>  	backing_src_help("-s");
>  	printf(" -x: Split the memory region into this number of memslots.\n"
>  	       "     (default: 1)\n");
> @@ -406,7 +411,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
>  
>  	guest_modes_append_default();
>  
> -	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "eghi:p:m:nb:f:v:os:x:")) != -1) {
> +	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "eghi:p:m:nb:f:v:or:s:x:")) != -1) {
>  		switch (opt) {
>  		case 'e':
>  			/* 'e' is for evil. */
> @@ -442,6 +447,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
>  		case 'o':
>  			p.partition_vcpu_memory_access = false;
>  			break;
> +		case 'r':
> +			p.random_seed = atoi(optarg);
> +			break;
>  		case 's':
>  			p.backing_src = parse_backing_src_type(optarg);
>  			break;
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
> index eaa88df0555a..f1050fd42d10 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
> @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ struct perf_test_args {
>  	uint64_t gpa;
>  	uint64_t size;
>  	uint64_t guest_page_size;
> +	uint32_t random_seed;
>  	int wr_fract;
>  
>  	/* Run vCPUs in L2 instead of L1, if the architecture supports it. */
> @@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ struct kvm_vm *perf_test_create_vm(enum vm_guest_mode mode, int nr_vcpus,
>  void perf_test_destroy_vm(struct kvm_vm *vm);
>  
>  void perf_test_set_wr_fract(struct kvm_vm *vm, int wr_fract);
> +void perf_test_set_random_seed(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t random_seed);
>  
>  void perf_test_start_vcpu_threads(int vcpus, void (*vcpu_fn)(struct perf_test_vcpu_args *));
>  void perf_test_join_vcpu_threads(int vcpus);
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
> index 9618b37c66f7..0bb0659b9a0d 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
> @@ -229,6 +229,12 @@ void perf_test_set_wr_fract(struct kvm_vm *vm, int wr_fract)
>  	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args);
>  }
>  
> +void perf_test_set_random_seed(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t random_seed)
> +{
> +	perf_test_args.random_seed = random_seed;
> +	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args.random_seed);
> +}
> +
>  uint64_t __weak perf_test_nested_pages(int nr_vcpus)
>  {
>  	return 0;
> -- 
> 2.38.1.273.g43a17bfeac-goog
> 

Re: [PATCH v9 2/4] KVM: selftests: create -r argument to specify random seed

[Colton Lewis]

David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> writes:

> On Wed, Nov 02, 2022 at 04:00:05PM +0000, Colton Lewis wrote:
>> Create a -r argument to specify a random seed. If no argument is
>> provided, the seed defaults to 1. The random seed is set with
>> perf_test_set_random_seed() and must be set before guest_code runs to
>> apply.

>> Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>
>> ---
>>   tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c    | 12 ++++++++++--
>>   tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h |  2 ++
>>   tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c     |  6 ++++++
>>   3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c  
>> b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
>> index f99e39a672d3..c97a5e455699 100644
>> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
>> @@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ struct test_params {
>>   	bool partition_vcpu_memory_access;
>>   	enum vm_mem_backing_src_type backing_src;
>>   	int slots;
>> +	uint32_t random_seed;
>>   };

>>   static void toggle_dirty_logging(struct kvm_vm *vm, int slots, bool  
>> enable)
>> @@ -225,6 +226,9 @@ static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void  
>> *arg)
>>   				 p->slots, p->backing_src,
>>   				 p->partition_vcpu_memory_access);

>> +	/* If no argument provided, random seed will be 1. */
>> +	pr_info("Random seed: %u\n", p->random_seed);
>> +	perf_test_set_random_seed(vm, p->random_seed ? p->random_seed : 1);

> If the user passes `-r 0` or does not pass `-r` at all, this will print
> "Random seed: 0" and then proceed to use 1 as the random seed, which
> seems unnecessarily misleading.


Fair point, forgot to change the print statement when I made that
change.

> If you want the default random seed to be 1, you can initialize
> p.random_seed to 1 before argument parsing (where all the other
> test_params are default initialized), then the value you print here will
> be accurate and you don't need the comment or ternary operator.


Will do. This also need a argument parsing check to specifically prevent
0 since my reason for changing in the first place is realizing 0 is not
a valid input to the pRNG I chose. Anything multiplied by 0 is 0 so a 0
seed produces a string of 0s. libc random also chooses 1 if seed is not
specified.

[PATCH v9 3/4] KVM: selftests: randomize which pages are written vs read

[Colton Lewis]

Randomize which pages are written vs read using the random number
generator.

Change the variable wr_fract and associated function calls to
write_percent that now operates as a percentage from 0 to 100 where X
means each page has an X% chance of being written. Change the -f
argument to -w to reflect the new variable semantics. Keep the same
default of 100% writes.

Population always uses 100% writes to ensure all memory is actually
populated and not just mapped to the zero page. The prevents expensive
copy-on-write faults from occurring during the dirty memory iterations
below, which would pollute the performance results.

Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>
---
 .../selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c |  2 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c       | 38 ++++++++++++-------
 .../selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h    |  4 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c        | 12 +++---
 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c
index 76c583a07ea2..3e16d5bd7856 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ static void run_iteration(struct kvm_vm *vm, int nr_vcpus, const char *descripti
 static void access_memory(struct kvm_vm *vm, int nr_vcpus,
 			  enum access_type access, const char *description)
 {
-	perf_test_set_wr_fract(vm, (access == ACCESS_READ) ? INT_MAX : 1);
+	perf_test_set_write_percent(vm, (access == ACCESS_READ) ? 0 : 100);
 	iteration_work = ITERATION_ACCESS_MEMORY;
 	run_iteration(vm, nr_vcpus, description);
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
index c97a5e455699..0d0240041acf 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ static void vcpu_worker(struct perf_test_vcpu_args *vcpu_args)
 struct test_params {
 	unsigned long iterations;
 	uint64_t phys_offset;
-	int wr_fract;
 	bool partition_vcpu_memory_access;
 	enum vm_mem_backing_src_type backing_src;
 	int slots;
+	uint32_t write_percent;
 	uint32_t random_seed;
 };
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
 	/* If no argument provided, random seed will be 1. */
 	pr_info("Random seed: %u\n", p->random_seed);
 	perf_test_set_random_seed(vm, p->random_seed ? p->random_seed : 1);
-	perf_test_set_wr_fract(vm, p->wr_fract);
+	perf_test_set_write_percent(vm, p->write_percent);
 
 	guest_num_pages = (nr_vcpus * guest_percpu_mem_size) >> vm->page_shift;
 	guest_num_pages = vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(mode, guest_num_pages);
@@ -252,6 +252,14 @@ static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_vcpus; i++)
 		vcpu_last_completed_iteration[i] = -1;
 
+	/*
+	 * Use 100% writes during the population phase to ensure all
+	 * memory is actually populated and not just mapped to the zero
+	 * page. The prevents expensive copy-on-write faults from
+	 * occurring during the dirty memory iterations below, which
+	 * would pollute the performance results.
+	 */
+	perf_test_set_write_percent(vm, 100);
 	perf_test_start_vcpu_threads(nr_vcpus, vcpu_worker);
 
 	/* Allow the vCPUs to populate memory */
@@ -273,6 +281,8 @@ static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
 	pr_info("Enabling dirty logging time: %ld.%.9lds\n\n",
 		ts_diff.tv_sec, ts_diff.tv_nsec);
 
+	perf_test_set_write_percent(vm, p->write_percent);
+
 	while (iteration < p->iterations) {
 		/*
 		 * Incrementing the iteration number will start the vCPUs
@@ -357,7 +367,7 @@ static void help(char *name)
 	puts("");
 	printf("usage: %s [-h] [-i iterations] [-p offset] [-g] "
 	       "[-m mode] [-n] [-b vcpu bytes] [-v vcpus] [-o] [-r random seed ] [-s mem type]"
-	       "[-x memslots]\n", name);
+	       "[-x memslots] [-w percentage]\n", name);
 	puts("");
 	printf(" -i: specify iteration counts (default: %"PRIu64")\n",
 	       TEST_HOST_LOOP_N);
@@ -377,10 +387,6 @@ static void help(char *name)
 	printf(" -b: specify the size of the memory region which should be\n"
 	       "     dirtied by each vCPU. e.g. 10M or 3G.\n"
 	       "     (default: 1G)\n");
-	printf(" -f: specify the fraction of pages which should be written to\n"
-	       "     as opposed to simply read, in the form\n"
-	       "     1/<fraction of pages to write>.\n"
-	       "     (default: 1 i.e. all pages are written to.)\n");
 	printf(" -v: specify the number of vCPUs to run.\n");
 	printf(" -o: Overlap guest memory accesses instead of partitioning\n"
 	       "     them into a separate region of memory for each vCPU.\n");
@@ -388,6 +394,11 @@ static void help(char *name)
 	backing_src_help("-s");
 	printf(" -x: Split the memory region into this number of memslots.\n"
 	       "     (default: 1)\n");
+	printf(" -w: specify the percentage of pages which should be written to\n"
+	       "     as an integer from 0-100 inclusive. This is probabalistic,\n"
+	       "     so -w X means each page has an X%% chance of writing\n"
+	       "     and a (100-X)%% chance of reading.\n"
+	       "     (default: 100 i.e. all pages are written to.)\n");
 	puts("");
 	exit(0);
 }
@@ -397,10 +408,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	int max_vcpus = kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS);
 	struct test_params p = {
 		.iterations = TEST_HOST_LOOP_N,
-		.wr_fract = 1,
 		.partition_vcpu_memory_access = true,
 		.backing_src = DEFAULT_VM_MEM_SRC,
 		.slots = 1,
+		.write_percent = 100,
 	};
 	int opt;
 
@@ -411,7 +422,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	guest_modes_append_default();
 
-	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "eghi:p:m:nb:f:v:or:s:x:")) != -1) {
+	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "eghi:p:m:nb:v:or:s:x:w:")) != -1) {
 		switch (opt) {
 		case 'e':
 			/* 'e' is for evil. */
@@ -434,10 +445,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		case 'b':
 			guest_percpu_mem_size = parse_size(optarg);
 			break;
-		case 'f':
-			p.wr_fract = atoi(optarg);
-			TEST_ASSERT(p.wr_fract >= 1,
-				    "Write fraction cannot be less than one");
+		case 'w':
+			p.write_percent = atoi(optarg);
+			TEST_ASSERT(p.write_percent >= 0
+				    && p.write_percent <= 100,
+				    "Write percentage must be between 0 and 100");
 			break;
 		case 'v':
 			nr_vcpus = atoi(optarg);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
index f1050fd42d10..845165001ec8 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct perf_test_args {
 	uint64_t size;
 	uint64_t guest_page_size;
 	uint32_t random_seed;
-	int wr_fract;
+	uint32_t write_percent;
 
 	/* Run vCPUs in L2 instead of L1, if the architecture supports it. */
 	bool nested;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ struct kvm_vm *perf_test_create_vm(enum vm_guest_mode mode, int nr_vcpus,
 				   bool partition_vcpu_memory_access);
 void perf_test_destroy_vm(struct kvm_vm *vm);
 
-void perf_test_set_wr_fract(struct kvm_vm *vm, int wr_fract);
+void perf_test_set_write_percent(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t write_percent);
 void perf_test_set_random_seed(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t random_seed);
 
 void perf_test_start_vcpu_threads(int vcpus, void (*vcpu_fn)(struct perf_test_vcpu_args *));
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
index 0bb0659b9a0d..92b47f71a0a5 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ void perf_test_guest_code(uint32_t vcpu_idx)
 	uint64_t gva;
 	uint64_t pages;
 	int i;
+	struct guest_random_state rand_state =
+		new_guest_random_state(pta->random_seed + vcpu_idx);
 
 	gva = vcpu_args->gva;
 	pages = vcpu_args->pages;
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ void perf_test_guest_code(uint32_t vcpu_idx)
 		for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
 			uint64_t addr = gva + (i * pta->guest_page_size);
 
-			if (i % pta->wr_fract == 0)
+			if (guest_random_u32(&rand_state) % 100 < pta->write_percent)
 				*(uint64_t *)addr = 0x0123456789ABCDEF;
 			else
 				READ_ONCE(*(uint64_t *)addr);
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ struct kvm_vm *perf_test_create_vm(enum vm_guest_mode mode, int nr_vcpus,
 	pr_info("Testing guest mode: %s\n", vm_guest_mode_string(mode));
 
 	/* By default vCPUs will write to memory. */
-	pta->wr_fract = 1;
+	pta->write_percent = 100;
 
 	/*
 	 * Snapshot the non-huge page size.  This is used by the guest code to
@@ -223,10 +225,10 @@ void perf_test_destroy_vm(struct kvm_vm *vm)
 	kvm_vm_free(vm);
 }
 
-void perf_test_set_wr_fract(struct kvm_vm *vm, int wr_fract)
+void perf_test_set_write_percent(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t write_percent)
 {
-	perf_test_args.wr_fract = wr_fract;
-	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args);
+	perf_test_args.write_percent = write_percent;
+	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args.write_percent);
 }
 
 void perf_test_set_random_seed(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t random_seed)
-- 
2.38.1.273.g43a17bfeac-goog

Re: [PATCH v9 3/4] KVM: selftests: randomize which pages are written vs read

[David Matlack]

On Wed, Nov 02, 2022 at 04:00:06PM +0000, Colton Lewis wrote:
> Randomize which pages are written vs read using the random number
> generator.
> 
> Change the variable wr_fract and associated function calls to
> write_percent that now operates as a percentage from 0 to 100 where X
> means each page has an X% chance of being written. Change the -f
> argument to -w to reflect the new variable semantics. Keep the same
> default of 100% writes.
> 
> Population always uses 100% writes to ensure all memory is actually
> populated and not just mapped to the zero page. The prevents expensive
> copy-on-write faults from occurring during the dirty memory iterations
> below, which would pollute the performance results.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>

Reviewed-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com>

[PATCH v9 4/4] KVM: selftests: randomize page access order

[Colton Lewis]

Create the ability to randomize page access order with the -a
argument. This includes the possibility that the same pages may be hit
multiple times during an iteration or not at all.

Population has random access as false to ensure all pages will be
touched by population and avoid page faults in late dirty memory that
would pollute the test results.

Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c | 11 +++++++++--
 .../selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h        |  2 ++
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c  | 15 ++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
index 0d0240041acf..065961943b3d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_perf_test.c
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ struct test_params {
 	int slots;
 	uint32_t write_percent;
 	uint32_t random_seed;
+	bool random_access;
 };
 
 static void toggle_dirty_logging(struct kvm_vm *vm, int slots, bool enable)
@@ -260,6 +261,7 @@ static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
 	 * would pollute the performance results.
 	 */
 	perf_test_set_write_percent(vm, 100);
+	perf_test_set_random_access(vm, false);
 	perf_test_start_vcpu_threads(nr_vcpus, vcpu_worker);
 
 	/* Allow the vCPUs to populate memory */
@@ -282,6 +284,7 @@ static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
 		ts_diff.tv_sec, ts_diff.tv_nsec);
 
 	perf_test_set_write_percent(vm, p->write_percent);
+	perf_test_set_random_access(vm, p->random_access);
 
 	while (iteration < p->iterations) {
 		/*
@@ -365,10 +368,11 @@ static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
 static void help(char *name)
 {
 	puts("");
-	printf("usage: %s [-h] [-i iterations] [-p offset] [-g] "
+	printf("usage: %s [-h] [-a] [-i iterations] [-p offset] [-g] "
 	       "[-m mode] [-n] [-b vcpu bytes] [-v vcpus] [-o] [-r random seed ] [-s mem type]"
 	       "[-x memslots] [-w percentage]\n", name);
 	puts("");
+	printf(" -a: access memory randomly rather than in order.\n");
 	printf(" -i: specify iteration counts (default: %"PRIu64")\n",
 	       TEST_HOST_LOOP_N);
 	printf(" -g: Do not enable KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2. This\n"
@@ -422,8 +426,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	guest_modes_append_default();
 
-	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "eghi:p:m:nb:v:or:s:x:w:")) != -1) {
+	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "aeghi:p:m:nb:v:or:s:x:w:")) != -1) {
 		switch (opt) {
+		case 'a':
+			p.random_access = true;
+			break;
 		case 'e':
 			/* 'e' is for evil. */
 			run_vcpus_while_disabling_dirty_logging = true;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
index 845165001ec8..3d0b75ea866a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/perf_test_util.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ struct perf_test_args {
 
 	/* Run vCPUs in L2 instead of L1, if the architecture supports it. */
 	bool nested;
+	bool random_access;
 
 	struct perf_test_vcpu_args vcpu_args[KVM_MAX_VCPUS];
 };
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ void perf_test_destroy_vm(struct kvm_vm *vm);
 
 void perf_test_set_write_percent(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t write_percent);
 void perf_test_set_random_seed(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t random_seed);
+void perf_test_set_random_access(struct kvm_vm *vm, bool random_access);
 
 void perf_test_start_vcpu_threads(int vcpus, void (*vcpu_fn)(struct perf_test_vcpu_args *));
 void perf_test_join_vcpu_threads(int vcpus);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
index 92b47f71a0a5..137be359b09e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/perf_test_util.c
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ void perf_test_guest_code(uint32_t vcpu_idx)
 	struct perf_test_vcpu_args *vcpu_args = &pta->vcpu_args[vcpu_idx];
 	uint64_t gva;
 	uint64_t pages;
+	uint64_t addr;
+	uint64_t page;
 	int i;
 	struct guest_random_state rand_state =
 		new_guest_random_state(pta->random_seed + vcpu_idx);
@@ -60,7 +62,12 @@ void perf_test_guest_code(uint32_t vcpu_idx)
 
 	while (true) {
 		for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
-			uint64_t addr = gva + (i * pta->guest_page_size);
+			if (pta->random_access)
+				page = guest_random_u32(&rand_state) % pages;
+			else
+				page = i;
+
+			addr = gva + (page * pta->guest_page_size);
 
 			if (guest_random_u32(&rand_state) % 100 < pta->write_percent)
 				*(uint64_t *)addr = 0x0123456789ABCDEF;
@@ -237,6 +244,12 @@ void perf_test_set_random_seed(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t random_seed)
 	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args.random_seed);
 }
 
+void perf_test_set_random_access(struct kvm_vm *vm, bool random_access)
+{
+	perf_test_args.random_access = random_access;
+	sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args.random_access);
+}
+
 uint64_t __weak perf_test_nested_pages(int nr_vcpus)
 {
 	return 0;
-- 
2.38.1.273.g43a17bfeac-goog

Re: [PATCH v9 4/4] KVM: selftests: randomize page access order

[David Matlack]

On Wed, Nov 02, 2022 at 04:00:07PM +0000, Colton Lewis wrote:
> Create the ability to randomize page access order with the -a
> argument. This includes the possibility that the same pages may be hit
> multiple times during an iteration or not at all.
> 
> Population has random access as false to ensure all pages will be
> touched by population and avoid page faults in late dirty memory that
> would pollute the test results.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com>

Reviewed-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com>

Re: [PATCH v9 0/4] randomize memory access of dirty_log_perf_test

[Sean Christopherson]

On Wed, Nov 02, 2022, Colton Lewis wrote:
> Add the ability to randomize parts of dirty_log_perf_test,
> specifically the order pages are accessed and whether pages are read
> or written.

David, or anyone else that's intimately familiar with dirty_log_perf_test, can
you look over the changes in patches 3 and 4?  They look good to me, but that
doesn't mean a whole lot :-)

Re: [PATCH v9 0/4] randomize memory access of dirty_log_perf_test

[David Matlack]

On Wed, Nov 2, 2022 at 4:38 PM Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Nov 02, 2022, Colton Lewis wrote:
> > Add the ability to randomize parts of dirty_log_perf_test,
> > specifically the order pages are accessed and whether pages are read
> > or written.
>
> David, or anyone else that's intimately familiar with dirty_log_perf_test, can
> you look over the changes in patches 3 and 4?  They look good to me, but that
> doesn't mean a whole lot :-)

Sure, will do.