* [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation
@ 2017-12-19 21:17 Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 1/3] doc: convert printk-formats.txt to rst Tobin C. Harding
` (3 more replies)
0 siblings, 4 replies; 10+ messages in thread
From: Tobin C. Harding @ 2017-12-19 21:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jonathan Corbet
Cc: Tobin C. Harding, Randy Dunlap, linux-doc, linux-kernel,
Kees Cook, Alexander Popov, Joe Perches, kernel-hardening
This set converts printk-formats.txt -> core-api/printk-formats.rst
We also update the documentation around printing kernel addresses.
This is my first documentation conversion. Please do be hard on this
patch series. I'd like to get it _really_ correct so that future
conversions will require less review effort. Also if there are any
peculiarities to patching docs (as apposed to C files) please say so.
Thank you for the time already given to reviewing previous versions.
thanks,
Tobin.
v4:
- fix typo 'kpt_restrict' -> 'kptr_restrict' (thanks Randy).
v3:
- Update filename .txt -> .rst in lib/vsnprintf.c comment (Joe Perches)
- Remove unnecessary commas (as suggested by Randy Dunlap)
- Re-apply theory 'make as few changes as possible to complete the
conversion'
v2:
- Remove conversion/inclusion of kernel-docs from lib/vsprintf.c
- Add '<>' around file name (in section 'Thanks').
- Remove a few more double back ticks.
- Apply theory 'make as few changes as possible to complete the
conversion'
Tobin C. Harding (3):
doc: convert printk-formats.txt to rst
doc: update kptr_restrict documentation
doc: add documentation on printing kernel addresses
Documentation/00-INDEX | 2 -
Documentation/core-api/index.rst | 1 +
.../printk-formats.rst} | 229 +++++++++++----------
Documentation/security/self-protection.rst | 15 ++
Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt | 3 +-
lib/vsprintf.c | 3 +-
6 files changed, 139 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-)
rename Documentation/{printk-formats.txt => core-api/printk-formats.rst} (63%)
--
2.7.4
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
* [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 1/3] doc: convert printk-formats.txt to rst
2017-12-19 21:17 [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Tobin C. Harding
@ 2017-12-19 21:17 ` Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 2/3] doc: update kptr_restrict documentation Tobin C. Harding
` (2 subsequent siblings)
3 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread
From: Tobin C. Harding @ 2017-12-19 21:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jonathan Corbet
Cc: Tobin C. Harding, Randy Dunlap, linux-doc, linux-kernel,
Kees Cook, Alexander Popov, Joe Perches, kernel-hardening
Documentation/printk-formats.txt is a candidate for conversion to
ReStructuredText format. Some effort has already been made to do this
conversion even thought the suffix is currently .txt
Changes required to complete conversion
- Move printk-formats.txt to core-api/printk-formats.rst
- Add entry to Documentation/core-api/index.rst
- Remove entry from Documentation/00-INDEX
- Fix minor grammatical errors.
- Order heading adornments as suggested by rst docs.
- Use 'Passed by reference' uniformly.
- Update pointer documentation around %px specifier.
- Fix erroneous double backticks (to commas).
- Remove extraneous double backticks (suggested by Jonathan Corbet).
- Simplify documentation for kobject.
Signed-off-by: Tobin C. Harding <me@tobin.cc>
---
Documentation/00-INDEX | 2 -
Documentation/core-api/index.rst | 1 +
.../printk-formats.rst} | 229 +++++++++++----------
lib/vsprintf.c | 3 +-
4 files changed, 122 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-)
rename Documentation/{printk-formats.txt => core-api/printk-formats.rst} (63%)
diff --git a/Documentation/00-INDEX b/Documentation/00-INDEX
index 3bec49c33bbb..7023bfaec21c 100644
--- a/Documentation/00-INDEX
+++ b/Documentation/00-INDEX
@@ -346,8 +346,6 @@ prctl/
- directory with info on the priveledge control subsystem
preempt-locking.txt
- info on locking under a preemptive kernel.
-printk-formats.txt
- - how to get printk format specifiers right
process/
- how to work with the mainline kernel development process.
pps/
diff --git a/Documentation/core-api/index.rst b/Documentation/core-api/index.rst
index d4d54b05d6c5..d55ee6b006ed 100644
--- a/Documentation/core-api/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/core-api/index.rst
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Core utilities
flexible-arrays
librs
genalloc
+ printk-formats
Interfaces for kernel debugging
===============================
diff --git a/Documentation/printk-formats.txt b/Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst
similarity index 63%
rename from Documentation/printk-formats.txt
rename to Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst
index aa0a776c817a..2c542e30b13b 100644
--- a/Documentation/printk-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ How to get printk format specifiers right
:Author: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
:Author: Andrew Murray <amurray@mpc-data.co.uk>
+
Integer types
=============
@@ -25,39 +26,45 @@ Integer types
s64 %lld or %llx
u64 %llu or %llx
-If <type> is dependent on a config option for its size (e.g., ``sector_t``,
-``blkcnt_t``) or is architecture-dependent for its size (e.g., ``tcflag_t``),
-use a format specifier of its largest possible type and explicitly cast to it.
+
+If <type> is dependent on a config option for its size (e.g., sector_t,
+blkcnt_t) or is architecture-dependent for its size (e.g., tcflag_t), use a
+format specifier of its largest possible type and explicitly cast to it.
Example::
printk("test: sector number/total blocks: %llu/%llu\n",
(unsigned long long)sector, (unsigned long long)blockcount);
-Reminder: ``sizeof()`` result is of type ``size_t``.
+Reminder: sizeof() returns type size_t.
-The kernel's printf does not support ``%n``. For obvious reasons, floating
-point formats (``%e, %f, %g, %a``) are also not recognized. Use of any
+The Kernel's printf does not support %n. Floating point formats (%e, %f,
+%g, %a) are also not recognized, for obvious reasons. Use of any
unsupported specifier or length qualifier results in a WARN and early
-return from vsnprintf.
-
-Raw pointer value SHOULD be printed with %p. The kernel supports
-the following extended format specifiers for pointer types:
+return from vsnprintf().
-Pointer Types
+Pointer types
=============
-Pointers printed without a specifier extension (i.e unadorned %p) are
-hashed to give a unique identifier without leaking kernel addresses to user
-space. On 64 bit machines the first 32 bits are zeroed. If you _really_
-want the address see %px below.
+A raw pointer value may be printed with %p which will hash the address
+before printing. The Kernel also supports extended specifiers for printing
+pointers of different types.
+
+Plain Pointers
+--------------
::
%p abcdef12 or 00000000abcdef12
+Pointers printed without a specifier extension (i.e unadorned %p) are
+hashed to prevent leaking information about the Kernel memory layout. This
+has the added benefit of providing a unique identifier. On 64-bit machines
+the first 32 bits are zeroed. If you *really* want the address see %px
+below.
+
Symbols/Function Pointers
-=========================
+-------------------------
::
@@ -69,6 +76,7 @@ Symbols/Function Pointers
%ps versatile_init
%pB prev_fn_of_versatile_init+0x88/0x88
+
The ``F`` and ``f`` specifiers are for printing function pointers,
for example, f->func, &gettimeofday. They have the same result as
``S`` and ``s`` specifiers. But they do an extra conversion on
@@ -77,14 +85,14 @@ are actually function descriptors.
The ``S`` and ``s`` specifiers can be used for printing symbols
from direct addresses, for example, __builtin_return_address(0),
-(void *)regs->ip. They result in the symbol name with (``S``) or
-without (``s``) offsets. If KALLSYMS are disabled then the symbol
+(void *)regs->ip. They result in the symbol name with (S) or
+without (s) offsets. If KALLSYMS are disabled then the symbol
address is printed instead.
The ``B`` specifier results in the symbol name with offsets and should be
used when printing stack backtraces. The specifier takes into
consideration the effect of compiler optimisations which may occur
-when tail-call``s are used and marked with the noreturn GCC attribute.
+when tail-calls are used and marked with the noreturn GCC attribute.
Examples::
@@ -97,33 +105,32 @@ Examples::
printk(" %s%pB\n", (reliable ? "" : "? "), (void *)*stack);
Kernel Pointers
-===============
+---------------
::
%pK 01234567 or 0123456789abcdef
-For printing kernel pointers which should be hidden from unprivileged
-users. The behaviour of ``%pK`` depends on the ``kptr_restrict sysctl`` - see
+For printing Kernel pointers which should be hidden from unprivileged
+users. The behaviour of %pK depends on the kptr_restrict sysctl - see
Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt for more details.
Unmodified Addresses
-====================
+--------------------
::
%px 01234567 or 0123456789abcdef
-For printing pointers when you _really_ want to print the address. Please
+For printing pointers when you *really* want to print the address. Please
consider whether or not you are leaking sensitive information about the
-Kernel layout in memory before printing pointers with %px. %px is
-functionally equivalent to %lx. %px is preferred to %lx because it is more
-uniquely grep'able. If, in the future, we need to modify the way the Kernel
-handles printing pointers it will be nice to be able to find the call
-sites.
+Kernel memory layout before printing pointers with %px. %px is functionally
+equivalent to %lx (or %lu). %px is preferred because it is more uniquely
+grep'able. If in the future we need to modify the way the Kernel handles
+printing pointers we will be better equipped to find the call sites.
Struct Resources
-================
+----------------
::
@@ -133,32 +140,37 @@ Struct Resources
[mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000006fffffff pref]
For printing struct resources. The ``R`` and ``r`` specifiers result in a
-printed resource with (``R``) or without (``r``) a decoded flags member.
+printed resource with (R) or without (r) a decoded flags member.
+
Passed by reference.
-Physical addresses types ``phys_addr_t``
-========================================
+Physical address types phys_addr_t
+----------------------------------
::
%pa[p] 0x01234567 or 0x0123456789abcdef
-For printing a ``phys_addr_t`` type (and its derivatives, such as
-``resource_size_t``) which can vary based on build options, regardless of
-the width of the CPU data path. Passed by reference.
+For printing a phys_addr_t type (and its derivatives, such as
+resource_size_t) which can vary based on build options, regardless of the
+width of the CPU data path.
+
+Passed by reference.
-DMA addresses types ``dma_addr_t``
-==================================
+DMA address types dma_addr_t
+----------------------------
::
%pad 0x01234567 or 0x0123456789abcdef
-For printing a ``dma_addr_t`` type which can vary based on build options,
-regardless of the width of the CPU data path. Passed by reference.
+For printing a dma_addr_t type which can vary based on build options,
+regardless of the width of the CPU data path.
+
+Passed by reference.
Raw buffer as an escaped string
-===============================
+-------------------------------
::
@@ -168,8 +180,8 @@ For printing raw buffer as an escaped string. For the following buffer::
1b 62 20 5c 43 07 22 90 0d 5d
-few examples show how the conversion would be done (the result string
-without surrounding quotes)::
+A few examples show how the conversion would be done (excluding surrounding
+quotes)::
%*pE "\eb \C\a"\220\r]"
%*pEhp "\x1bb \C\x07"\x90\x0d]"
@@ -179,23 +191,23 @@ The conversion rules are applied according to an optional combination
of flags (see :c:func:`string_escape_mem` kernel documentation for the
details):
- - ``a`` - ESCAPE_ANY
- - ``c`` - ESCAPE_SPECIAL
- - ``h`` - ESCAPE_HEX
- - ``n`` - ESCAPE_NULL
- - ``o`` - ESCAPE_OCTAL
- - ``p`` - ESCAPE_NP
- - ``s`` - ESCAPE_SPACE
+ - a - ESCAPE_ANY
+ - c - ESCAPE_SPECIAL
+ - h - ESCAPE_HEX
+ - n - ESCAPE_NULL
+ - o - ESCAPE_OCTAL
+ - p - ESCAPE_NP
+ - s - ESCAPE_SPACE
By default ESCAPE_ANY_NP is used.
ESCAPE_ANY_NP is the sane choice for many cases, in particularly for
printing SSIDs.
-If field width is omitted the 1 byte only will be escaped.
+If field width is omitted then 1 byte only will be escaped.
Raw buffer as a hex string
-==========================
+--------------------------
::
@@ -204,12 +216,12 @@ Raw buffer as a hex string
%*phD 00-01-02- ... -3f
%*phN 000102 ... 3f
-For printing a small buffers (up to 64 bytes long) as a hex string with
-certain separator. For the larger buffers consider to use
+For printing small buffers (up to 64 bytes long) as a hex string with a
+certain separator. For larger buffers consider using
:c:func:`print_hex_dump`.
MAC/FDDI addresses
-==================
+------------------
::
@@ -220,11 +232,11 @@ MAC/FDDI addresses
%pmR 050403020100
For printing 6-byte MAC/FDDI addresses in hex notation. The ``M`` and ``m``
-specifiers result in a printed address with (``M``) or without (``m``) byte
-separators. The default byte separator is the colon (``:``).
+specifiers result in a printed address with (M) or without (m) byte
+separators. The default byte separator is the colon (:).
Where FDDI addresses are concerned the ``F`` specifier can be used after
-the ``M`` specifier to use dash (``-``) separators instead of the default
+the ``M`` specifier to use dash (-) separators instead of the default
separator.
For Bluetooth addresses the ``R`` specifier shall be used after the ``M``
@@ -234,7 +246,7 @@ of Bluetooth addresses which are in the little endian order.
Passed by reference.
IPv4 addresses
-==============
+--------------
::
@@ -243,8 +255,8 @@ IPv4 addresses
%p[Ii]4[hnbl]
For printing IPv4 dot-separated decimal addresses. The ``I4`` and ``i4``
-specifiers result in a printed address with (``i4``) or without (``I4``)
-leading zeros.
+specifiers result in a printed address with (i4) or without (I4) leading
+zeros.
The additional ``h``, ``n``, ``b``, and ``l`` specifiers are used to specify
host, network, big or little endian order addresses respectively. Where
@@ -253,7 +265,7 @@ no specifier is provided the default network/big endian order is used.
Passed by reference.
IPv6 addresses
-==============
+--------------
::
@@ -262,7 +274,7 @@ IPv6 addresses
%pI6c 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8
For printing IPv6 network-order 16-bit hex addresses. The ``I6`` and ``i6``
-specifiers result in a printed address with (``I6``) or without (``i6``)
+specifiers result in a printed address with (I6) or without (i6)
colon-separators. Leading zeros are always used.
The additional ``c`` specifier can be used with the ``I`` specifier to
@@ -272,7 +284,7 @@ http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952
Passed by reference.
IPv4/IPv6 addresses (generic, with port, flowinfo, scope)
-=========================================================
+---------------------------------------------------------
::
@@ -282,8 +294,8 @@ IPv4/IPv6 addresses (generic, with port, flowinfo, scope)
%pISpc 1.2.3.4:12345 or [1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]:12345
%p[Ii]S[pfschnbl]
-For printing an IP address without the need to distinguish whether it``s
-of type AF_INET or AF_INET6, a pointer to a valid ``struct sockaddr``,
+For printing an IP address without the need to distinguish whether it's of
+type AF_INET or AF_INET6. A pointer to a valid struct sockaddr,
specified through ``IS`` or ``iS``, can be passed to this format specifier.
The additional ``p``, ``f``, and ``s`` specifiers are used to specify port
@@ -309,7 +321,7 @@ Further examples::
%pISpfc 1.2.3.4:12345 or [1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]:12345/123456789
UUID/GUID addresses
-===================
+-------------------
::
@@ -318,33 +330,33 @@ UUID/GUID addresses
%pUl 03020100-0504-0706-0809-0a0b0c0e0e0f
%pUL 03020100-0504-0706-0809-0A0B0C0E0E0F
-For printing 16-byte UUID/GUIDs addresses. The additional 'l', 'L',
-'b' and 'B' specifiers are used to specify a little endian order in
-lower ('l') or upper case ('L') hex characters - and big endian order
-in lower ('b') or upper case ('B') hex characters.
+For printing 16-byte UUID/GUIDs addresses. The additional ``l``, ``L``,
+``b`` and ``B`` specifiers are used to specify a little endian order in
+lower (l) or upper case (L) hex notation - and big endian order in lower (b)
+or upper case (B) hex notation.
Where no additional specifiers are used the default big endian
-order with lower case hex characters will be printed.
+order with lower case hex notation will be printed.
Passed by reference.
dentry names
-============
+------------
::
%pd{,2,3,4}
%pD{,2,3,4}
-For printing dentry name; if we race with :c:func:`d_move`, the name might be
-a mix of old and new ones, but it won't oops. ``%pd`` dentry is a safer
-equivalent of ``%s`` ``dentry->d_name.name`` we used to use, ``%pd<n>`` prints
-``n`` last components. ``%pD`` does the same thing for struct file.
+For printing dentry name; if we race with :c:func:`d_move`, the name might
+be a mix of old and new ones, but it won't oops. %pd dentry is a safer
+equivalent of %s dentry->d_name.name we used to use, %pd<n> prints ``n``
+last components. %pD does the same thing for struct file.
Passed by reference.
block_device names
-==================
+------------------
::
@@ -353,7 +365,7 @@ block_device names
For printing name of block_device pointers.
struct va_format
-================
+----------------
::
@@ -375,31 +387,27 @@ correctness of the format string and va_list arguments.
Passed by reference.
kobjects
-========
+--------
::
- %pO
+ %pOF[fnpPcCF]
- Base specifier for kobject based structs. Must be followed with
- character for specific type of kobject as listed below:
- Device tree nodes:
+For printing kobject based structs (device nodes). Default behaviour is
+equivalent to %pOFf.
- %pOF[fnpPcCF]
+ - f - device node full_name
+ - n - device node name
+ - p - device node phandle
+ - P - device node path spec (name + @unit)
+ - F - device node flags
+ - c - major compatible string
+ - C - full compatible string
- For printing device tree nodes. The optional arguments are:
- f device node full_name
- n device node name
- p device node phandle
- P device node path spec (name + @unit)
- F device node flags
- c major compatible string
- C full compatible string
- Without any arguments prints full_name (same as %pOFf)
- The separator when using multiple arguments is ':'
+The separator when using multiple arguments is ':'
- Examples:
+Examples::
%pOF /foo/bar@0 - Node full name
%pOFf /foo/bar@0 - Same as above
@@ -412,11 +420,10 @@ kobjects
P - Populated
B - Populated bus
- Passed by reference.
-
+Passed by reference.
struct clk
-==========
+----------
::
@@ -424,14 +431,14 @@ struct clk
%pCn pll1
%pCr 1560000000
-For printing struct clk structures. ``%pC`` and ``%pCn`` print the name
+For printing struct clk structures. %pC and %pCn print the name
(Common Clock Framework) or address (legacy clock framework) of the
-structure; ``%pCr`` prints the current clock rate.
+structure; %pCr prints the current clock rate.
Passed by reference.
bitmap and its derivatives such as cpumask and nodemask
-=======================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------
::
@@ -439,13 +446,13 @@ bitmap and its derivatives such as cpumask and nodemask
%*pbl 0,3-6,8-10
For printing bitmap and its derivatives such as cpumask and nodemask,
-``%*pb`` output the bitmap with field width as the number of bits and ``%*pbl``
+%*pb outputs the bitmap with field width as the number of bits and %*pbl
output the bitmap as range list with field width as the number of bits.
Passed by reference.
Flags bitfields such as page flags, gfp_flags
-=============================================
+---------------------------------------------
::
@@ -459,14 +466,14 @@ character. Currently supported are [p]age flags, [v]ma_flags (both
expect ``unsigned long *``) and [g]fp_flags (expects ``gfp_t *``). The flag
names and print order depends on the particular type.
-Note that this format should not be used directly in :c:func:`TP_printk()` part
-of a tracepoint. Instead, use the ``show_*_flags()`` functions from
-<trace/events/mmflags.h>.
+Note that this format should not be used directly in the
+:c:func:`TP_printk()` part of a tracepoint. Instead, use the show_*_flags()
+functions from <trace/events/mmflags.h>.
Passed by reference.
Network device features
-=======================
+-----------------------
::
@@ -476,8 +483,10 @@ For printing netdev_features_t.
Passed by reference.
-If you add other ``%p`` extensions, please extend lib/test_printf.c with
-one or more test cases, if at all feasible.
+Thanks
+======
+If you add other %p extensions, please extend <lib/test_printf.c> with
+one or more test cases, if at all feasible.
Thank you for your cooperation and attention.
diff --git a/lib/vsprintf.c b/lib/vsprintf.c
index 01c3957b2de6..6ec0844ab5d1 100644
--- a/lib/vsprintf.c
+++ b/lib/vsprintf.c
@@ -1834,7 +1834,8 @@ static char *ptr_to_id(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr, struct printf_spec spec)
*
* - 'x' For printing the address. Equivalent to "%lx".
*
- * ** Please update also Documentation/printk-formats.txt when making changes **
+ * ** When making changes please also update:
+ * Documentation/core-api/printk-formats.rst
*
* Note: The difference between 'S' and 'F' is that on ia64 and ppc64
* function pointers are really function descriptors, which contain a
--
2.7.4
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
* [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 2/3] doc: update kptr_restrict documentation
2017-12-19 21:17 [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 1/3] doc: convert printk-formats.txt to rst Tobin C. Harding
@ 2017-12-19 21:17 ` Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 3/3] doc: add documentation on printing kernel addresses Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-21 19:21 ` [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Jonathan Corbet
3 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread
From: Tobin C. Harding @ 2017-12-19 21:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jonathan Corbet
Cc: Tobin C. Harding, Randy Dunlap, linux-doc, linux-kernel,
Kees Cook, Alexander Popov, Joe Perches, kernel-hardening
Recently the behaviour of printk specifier %pK was changed. The
documentation does not currently mirror this.
Update documentation for sysctl kptr_restrict.
Signed-off-by: Tobin C. Harding <me@tobin.cc>
---
Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt | 3 ++-
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
index 63663039acb7..412314eebda6 100644
--- a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
+++ b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
@@ -391,7 +391,8 @@ kptr_restrict:
This toggle indicates whether restrictions are placed on
exposing kernel addresses via /proc and other interfaces.
-When kptr_restrict is set to (0), the default, there are no restrictions.
+When kptr_restrict is set to 0 (the default) the address is hashed before
+printing. (This is the equivalent to %p.)
When kptr_restrict is set to (1), kernel pointers printed using the %pK
format specifier will be replaced with 0's unless the user has CAP_SYSLOG
--
2.7.4
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
* [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 3/3] doc: add documentation on printing kernel addresses
2017-12-19 21:17 [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 1/3] doc: convert printk-formats.txt to rst Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 2/3] doc: update kptr_restrict documentation Tobin C. Harding
@ 2017-12-19 21:17 ` Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-21 19:21 ` [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Jonathan Corbet
3 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread
From: Tobin C. Harding @ 2017-12-19 21:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jonathan Corbet
Cc: Tobin C. Harding, Randy Dunlap, linux-doc, linux-kernel,
Kees Cook, Alexander Popov, Joe Perches, kernel-hardening
Hashing addresses printed with printk specifier %p was implemented
recently. During development a number of issues were raised regarding
leaking kernel addresses to userspace. Other documentation was updated but
security/self-protection missed out.
Add self-protection documentation regarding printing kernel addresses.
Signed-off-by: Tobin C. Harding <me@tobin.cc>
---
Documentation/security/self-protection.rst | 15 +++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 15 insertions(+)
diff --git a/Documentation/security/self-protection.rst b/Documentation/security/self-protection.rst
index 60c8bd8b77bf..0f53826c78b9 100644
--- a/Documentation/security/self-protection.rst
+++ b/Documentation/security/self-protection.rst
@@ -270,6 +270,21 @@ attacks, it is important to defend against exposure of both kernel memory
addresses and kernel memory contents (since they may contain kernel
addresses or other sensitive things like canary values).
+Kernel addresses
+----------------
+
+Printing kernel addresses to userspace leaks sensitive information about
+the kernel memory layout. Care should be exercised when using any printk
+specifier that prints the raw address, currently %px, %p[ad], (and %p[sSb]
+in certain circumstances [*]). Any file written to using one of these
+specifiers should be readable only by privileged processes.
+
+Kernels 4.14 and older printed the raw address using %p. As of 4.15-rc1
+addresses printed with the specifier %p are hashed before printing.
+
+[*] If KALLSYMS is enabled and symbol lookup fails, the raw address is
+printed. If KALLSYMS is not enabled the raw address is printed.
+
Unique identifiers
------------------
--
2.7.4
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
* [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation
2017-12-19 21:17 [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Tobin C. Harding
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 3/3] doc: add documentation on printing kernel addresses Tobin C. Harding
@ 2017-12-21 19:21 ` Jonathan Corbet
2017-12-21 19:26 ` Randy Dunlap
` (2 more replies)
3 siblings, 3 replies; 10+ messages in thread
From: Jonathan Corbet @ 2017-12-21 19:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Tobin C. Harding
Cc: Randy Dunlap, linux-doc, linux-kernel, Kees Cook,
Alexander Popov, Joe Perches, kernel-hardening
On Wed, 20 Dec 2017 08:17:14 +1100
"Tobin C. Harding" <me@tobin.cc> wrote:
> This set converts printk-formats.txt -> core-api/printk-formats.rst
>
> We also update the documentation around printing kernel addresses.
>
> This is my first documentation conversion. Please do be hard on this
> patch series. I'd like to get it _really_ correct so that future
> conversions will require less review effort. Also if there are any
> peculiarities to patching docs (as apposed to C files) please say so.
>
> Thank you for the time already given to reviewing previous versions.
So I spent a while thinking hard about how I could make Tobin do another
round or two on these patches. But then I figure that it's the holidays,
and I should just apply them. So that's done. Thanks for all of your
work on this!
That said...
- I don't quite understand why you capitalize "kernel" everywhere. I
vaguely recall some sort of discussion on that. To me it looks
strange...oh well.
- There's a dangling reference to printk-formats.txt in lib/vsprintf.c
that we'll want to fix up.
- The vsprintf kerneldoc currently gets pulled into the big "kernel API"
dumpster. Someday, it would be nice to turn printk-formats.rst into a
"how to output data from the kernel" section, with documentation on
vnsprintf, printk, trace_printk, and format strings all in one place.
What a fine day that would be...
Thanks again,
jon
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
* [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation
2017-12-21 19:21 ` [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Jonathan Corbet
@ 2017-12-21 19:26 ` Randy Dunlap
2017-12-21 21:59 ` Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-21 19:30 ` Joe Perches
2017-12-21 22:04 ` Tobin C. Harding
2 siblings, 1 reply; 10+ messages in thread
From: Randy Dunlap @ 2017-12-21 19:26 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jonathan Corbet, Tobin C. Harding
Cc: linux-doc, linux-kernel, Kees Cook, Alexander Popov, Joe Perches,
kernel-hardening
On 12/21/2017 11:21 AM, Jonathan Corbet wrote:
> On Wed, 20 Dec 2017 08:17:14 +1100
> "Tobin C. Harding" <me@tobin.cc> wrote:
>
>> This set converts printk-formats.txt -> core-api/printk-formats.rst
>>
>> We also update the documentation around printing kernel addresses.
>>
>> This is my first documentation conversion. Please do be hard on this
>> patch series. I'd like to get it _really_ correct so that future
>> conversions will require less review effort. Also if there are any
>> peculiarities to patching docs (as apposed to C files) please say so.
>>
>> Thank you for the time already given to reviewing previous versions.
>
> So I spent a while thinking hard about how I could make Tobin do another
> round or two on these patches. But then I figure that it's the holidays,
> and I should just apply them. So that's done. Thanks for all of your
> work on this!
>
> That said...
>
> - I don't quite understand why you capitalize "kernel" everywhere. I
> vaguely recall some sort of discussion on that. To me it looks
> strange...oh well.
Mauro explained that he capitalizes Kernel when it is being used as a
shortened version of "the Linux kernel," i.e., as a proper name,
so I think that Tobin appropriated that style.
It would be OK to undo that IMO.
> - There's a dangling reference to printk-formats.txt in lib/vsprintf.c
> that we'll want to fix up.
>
> - The vsprintf kerneldoc currently gets pulled into the big "kernel API"
> dumpster. Someday, it would be nice to turn printk-formats.rst into a
> "how to output data from the kernel" section, with documentation on
> vnsprintf, printk, trace_printk, and format strings all in one place.
> What a fine day that would be...
--
~Randy
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
* [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation
2017-12-21 19:21 ` [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Jonathan Corbet
2017-12-21 19:26 ` Randy Dunlap
@ 2017-12-21 19:30 ` Joe Perches
2017-12-21 19:34 ` Jonathan Corbet
2017-12-21 22:04 ` Tobin C. Harding
2 siblings, 1 reply; 10+ messages in thread
From: Joe Perches @ 2017-12-21 19:30 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jonathan Corbet, Tobin C. Harding
Cc: Randy Dunlap, linux-doc, linux-kernel, Kees Cook,
Alexander Popov, kernel-hardening
On Thu, 2017-12-21 at 12:21 -0700, Jonathan Corbet wrote:
> On Wed, 20 Dec 2017 08:17:14 +1100
> "Tobin C. Harding" <me@tobin.cc> wrote:
>
> > This set converts printk-formats.txt -> core-api/printk-formats.rst
> >
> > We also update the documentation around printing kernel addresses.
[]
> > - There's a dangling reference to printk-formats.txt in lib/vsprintf.c
> that we'll want to fix up.
patch 1/3 updates that reference.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
* [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation
2017-12-21 19:30 ` Joe Perches
@ 2017-12-21 19:34 ` Jonathan Corbet
0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread
From: Jonathan Corbet @ 2017-12-21 19:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joe Perches
Cc: Tobin C. Harding, Randy Dunlap, linux-doc, linux-kernel,
Kees Cook, Alexander Popov, kernel-hardening
On Thu, 21 Dec 2017 11:30:57 -0800
Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> wrote:
> > > - There's a dangling reference to printk-formats.txt in lib/vsprintf.c
> > that we'll want to fix up.
>
> patch 1/3 updates that reference.
It updates one of them - there were two, one of which remains. I'll just
toss in a patch to do that one too.
jon
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
* [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation
2017-12-21 19:26 ` Randy Dunlap
@ 2017-12-21 21:59 ` Tobin C. Harding
0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread
From: Tobin C. Harding @ 2017-12-21 21:59 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Randy Dunlap
Cc: Jonathan Corbet, linux-doc, linux-kernel, Kees Cook,
Alexander Popov, Joe Perches, kernel-hardening
On Thu, Dec 21, 2017 at 11:26:22AM -0800, Randy Dunlap wrote:
> On 12/21/2017 11:21 AM, Jonathan Corbet wrote:
> > On Wed, 20 Dec 2017 08:17:14 +1100
> > "Tobin C. Harding" <me@tobin.cc> wrote:
> >
> >> This set converts printk-formats.txt -> core-api/printk-formats.rst
> >>
> >> We also update the documentation around printing kernel addresses.
> >>
> >> This is my first documentation conversion. Please do be hard on this
> >> patch series. I'd like to get it _really_ correct so that future
> >> conversions will require less review effort. Also if there are any
> >> peculiarities to patching docs (as apposed to C files) please say so.
> >>
> >> Thank you for the time already given to reviewing previous versions.
> >
> > So I spent a while thinking hard about how I could make Tobin do another
> > round or two on these patches. But then I figure that it's the holidays,
> > and I should just apply them. So that's done. Thanks for all of your
> > work on this!
> >
> > That said...
> >
> > - I don't quite understand why you capitalize "kernel" everywhere. I
> > vaguely recall some sort of discussion on that. To me it looks
> > strange...oh well.
>
> Mauro explained that he capitalizes Kernel when it is being used as a
> shortened version of "the Linux kernel," i.e., as a proper name,
> so I think that Tobin appropriated that style.
>
> It would be OK to undo that IMO.
I'm happy to write it however, if everyone is happy with 'kernel'
everywhere then that is good (and easier). I think Mauro is correct but
I also think Jon is correct, it does look funny. Code language doesn't
always follow English grammar rules after all.
thanks,
Tobin.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
* [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation
2017-12-21 19:21 ` [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Jonathan Corbet
2017-12-21 19:26 ` Randy Dunlap
2017-12-21 19:30 ` Joe Perches
@ 2017-12-21 22:04 ` Tobin C. Harding
2 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread
From: Tobin C. Harding @ 2017-12-21 22:04 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Jonathan Corbet
Cc: Randy Dunlap, linux-doc, linux-kernel, Kees Cook,
Alexander Popov, Joe Perches, kernel-hardening
On Thu, Dec 21, 2017 at 12:21:41PM -0700, Jonathan Corbet wrote:
> On Wed, 20 Dec 2017 08:17:14 +1100
> "Tobin C. Harding" <me@tobin.cc> wrote:
>
> > This set converts printk-formats.txt -> core-api/printk-formats.rst
> >
> > We also update the documentation around printing kernel addresses.
> >
> > This is my first documentation conversion. Please do be hard on this
> > patch series. I'd like to get it _really_ correct so that future
> > conversions will require less review effort. Also if there are any
> > peculiarities to patching docs (as apposed to C files) please say so.
> >
> > Thank you for the time already given to reviewing previous versions.
>
> So I spent a while thinking hard about how I could make Tobin do another
> round or two on these patches. But then I figure that it's the holidays,
> and I should just apply them. So that's done. Thanks for all of your
> work on this!
Oh ok, I would have been happy to drag it over the holiday period and
get it super correct. I'm always chasing perfection (even if seemingly a
long way from it ;) so please never feel you have to rush things
through. I'm happy to learn how to do it correctly and that will save
everyone time in the future.
> That said...
I am happy also to patch on top of what was applied after Christmas
break :) I don't want to create any extra work for anyone else.
> - I don't quite understand why you capitalize "kernel" everywhere. I
> vaguely recall some sort of discussion on that. To me it looks
> strange...oh well.
Ok, I'm going to go with 'kernel' everywhere from now on. Despite having
two degrees I am particularly crap at English [grammar]. Please do pick
me up on any mistakes no matter how trivial. That is the only way to
learn IMO.
> - There's a dangling reference to printk-formats.txt in lib/vsprintf.c
> that we'll want to fix up.
Bad Tobin, no biscuit.
> - The vsprintf kerneldoc currently gets pulled into the big "kernel API"
> dumpster. Someday, it would be nice to turn printk-formats.rst into a
> "how to output data from the kernel" section, with documentation on
> vnsprintf, printk, trace_printk, and format strings all in one place.
> What a fine day that would be...
I don't quite understand this yet. (I added to my kernel list of things
to learn and work on ;)
thanks Jon. Merry Christmas,
Tobin.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 10+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2017-12-21 22:04 UTC | newest]
Thread overview: 10+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2017-12-19 21:17 [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 1/3] doc: convert printk-formats.txt to rst Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 2/3] doc: update kptr_restrict documentation Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-19 21:17 ` [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v4 3/3] doc: add documentation on printing kernel addresses Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-21 19:21 ` [kernel-hardening] Re: [PATCH v4 0/3] doc: update printk documentation Jonathan Corbet
2017-12-21 19:26 ` Randy Dunlap
2017-12-21 21:59 ` Tobin C. Harding
2017-12-21 19:30 ` Joe Perches
2017-12-21 19:34 ` Jonathan Corbet
2017-12-21 22:04 ` Tobin C. Harding
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).