[PATCH v3 0/4] arm64: drop pfn_valid_within() and simplify pfn_valid()

[PATCH v3 0/4] arm64: drop pfn_valid_within() and simplify pfn_valid()

[Mike Rapoport]

From: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>

Hi,

These patches aim to remove CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE and essentially hardwire
pfn_valid_within() to 1. 

The idea is to mark NOMAP pages as reserved in the memory map and restore
the intended semantics of pfn_valid() to designate availability of struct
page for a pfn.

With this the core mm will be able to cope with the fact that it cannot use
NOMAP pages and the holes created by NOMAP ranges within MAX_ORDER blocks
will be treated correctly even without the need for pfn_valid_within.

The patches are only boot tested on qemu-system-aarch64 so I'd really
appreciate memory stress tests on real hardware.

If this actually works we'll be one step closer to drop custom pfn_valid()
on arm64 altogether.

v3:
* Fix minor issues found by Anshuman
* Freshen up the declaration of pfn_valid() to make it consistent with
  pfn_is_map_memory()
* Add more Acked-by and Reviewed-by tags, thanks Anshuman and David

v2: Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210421065108.1987-1-rppt@kernel.org
* Add check for PFN overflow in pfn_is_map_memory()
* Add Acked-by and Reviewed-by tags, thanks David.

v1: Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210420090925.7457-1-rppt@kernel.org
* Add comment about the semantics of pfn_valid() as Anshuman suggested
* Extend comments about MEMBLOCK_NOMAP, per Anshuman
* Use pfn_is_map_memory() name for the exported wrapper for
  memblock_is_map_memory(). It is still local to arch/arm64 in the end
  because of header dependency issues.

rfc: Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210407172607.8812-1-rppt@kernel.org

Mike Rapoport (4):
  include/linux/mmzone.h: add documentation for pfn_valid()
  memblock: update initialization of reserved pages
  arm64: decouple check whether pfn is in linear map from pfn_valid()
  arm64: drop pfn_valid_within() and simplify pfn_valid()

 arch/arm64/Kconfig              |  3 ---
 arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h   |  3 ++-
 arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c            |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/mm/init.c            | 16 ++++++++++++++--
 arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c         |  4 ++--
 arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c             |  2 +-
 include/linux/memblock.h        |  4 +++-
 include/linux/mmzone.h          | 11 +++++++++++
 mm/memblock.c                   | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 10 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

base-commit: e49d033bddf5b565044e2abe4241353959bc9120
-- 
2.28.0

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[PATCH v3 1/4] include/linux/mmzone.h: add documentation for pfn_valid()

[Mike Rapoport]

From: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>

Add comment describing the semantics of pfn_valid() that clarifies that
pfn_valid() only checks for availability of a memory map entry (i.e. struct
page) for a PFN rather than availability of usable memory backing that PFN.

The most "generic" version of pfn_valid() used by the configurations with
SPARSEMEM enabled resides in include/linux/mmzone.h so this is the most
suitable place for documentation about semantics of pfn_valid().

Suggested-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
---
 include/linux/mmzone.h | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
index 47946cec7584..961f0eeefb62 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -1410,6 +1410,17 @@ static inline int pfn_section_valid(struct mem_section *ms, unsigned long pfn)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
+/**
+ * pfn_valid - check if there is a valid memory map entry for a PFN
+ * @pfn: the page frame number to check
+ *
+ * Check if there is a valid memory map entry aka struct page for the @pfn.
+ * Note, that availability of the memory map entry does not imply that
+ * there is actual usable memory at that @pfn. The struct page may
+ * represent a hole or an unusable page frame.
+ *
+ * Return: 1 for PFNs that have memory map entries and 0 otherwise
+ */
 static inline int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
 {
 	struct mem_section *ms;
-- 
2.28.0

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[PATCH v3 2/4] memblock: update initialization of reserved pages

[Mike Rapoport]

From: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>

The struct pages representing a reserved memory region are initialized
using reserve_bootmem_range() function. This function is called for each
reserved region just before the memory is freed from memblock to the buddy
page allocator.

The struct pages for MEMBLOCK_NOMAP regions are kept with the default
values set by the memory map initialization which makes it necessary to
have a special treatment for such pages in pfn_valid() and
pfn_valid_within().

Split out initialization of the reserved pages to a function with a
meaningful name and treat the MEMBLOCK_NOMAP regions the same way as the
reserved regions and mark struct pages for the NOMAP regions as
PageReserved.

Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
---
 include/linux/memblock.h |  4 +++-
 mm/memblock.c            | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/memblock.h b/include/linux/memblock.h
index 5984fff3f175..1b4c97c151ae 100644
--- a/include/linux/memblock.h
+++ b/include/linux/memblock.h
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ extern unsigned long long max_possible_pfn;
  * @MEMBLOCK_NONE: no special request
  * @MEMBLOCK_HOTPLUG: hotpluggable region
  * @MEMBLOCK_MIRROR: mirrored region
- * @MEMBLOCK_NOMAP: don't add to kernel direct mapping
+ * @MEMBLOCK_NOMAP: don't add to kernel direct mapping and treat as
+ * reserved in the memory map; refer to memblock_mark_nomap() description
+ * for further details
  */
 enum memblock_flags {
 	MEMBLOCK_NONE		= 0x0,	/* No special request */
diff --git a/mm/memblock.c b/mm/memblock.c
index afaefa8fc6ab..3abf2c3fea7f 100644
--- a/mm/memblock.c
+++ b/mm/memblock.c
@@ -906,6 +906,11 @@ int __init_memblock memblock_mark_mirror(phys_addr_t base, phys_addr_t size)
  * @base: the base phys addr of the region
  * @size: the size of the region
  *
+ * The memory regions marked with %MEMBLOCK_NOMAP will not be added to the
+ * direct mapping of the physical memory. These regions will still be
+ * covered by the memory map. The struct page representing NOMAP memory
+ * frames in the memory map will be PageReserved()
+ *
  * Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
  */
 int __init_memblock memblock_mark_nomap(phys_addr_t base, phys_addr_t size)
@@ -2002,6 +2007,26 @@ static unsigned long __init __free_memory_core(phys_addr_t start,
 	return end_pfn - start_pfn;
 }
 
+static void __init memmap_init_reserved_pages(void)
+{
+	struct memblock_region *region;
+	phys_addr_t start, end;
+	u64 i;
+
+	/* initialize struct pages for the reserved regions */
+	for_each_reserved_mem_range(i, &start, &end)
+		reserve_bootmem_region(start, end);
+
+	/* and also treat struct pages for the NOMAP regions as PageReserved */
+	for_each_mem_region(region) {
+		if (memblock_is_nomap(region)) {
+			start = region->base;
+			end = start + region->size;
+			reserve_bootmem_region(start, end);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 static unsigned long __init free_low_memory_core_early(void)
 {
 	unsigned long count = 0;
@@ -2010,8 +2035,7 @@ static unsigned long __init free_low_memory_core_early(void)
 
 	memblock_clear_hotplug(0, -1);
 
-	for_each_reserved_mem_range(i, &start, &end)
-		reserve_bootmem_region(start, end);
+	memmap_init_reserved_pages();
 
 	/*
 	 * We need to use NUMA_NO_NODE instead of NODE_DATA(0)->node_id
-- 
2.28.0

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[PATCH v3 3/4] arm64: decouple check whether pfn is in linear map from pfn_valid()

[Mike Rapoport]

From: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>

The intended semantics of pfn_valid() is to verify whether there is a
struct page for the pfn in question and nothing else.

Yet, on arm64 it is used to distinguish memory areas that are mapped in the
linear map vs those that require ioremap() to access them.

Introduce a dedicated pfn_is_map_memory() wrapper for
memblock_is_map_memory() to perform such check and use it where
appropriate.

Using a wrapper allows to avoid cyclic include dependencies.

While here also update style of pfn_valid() so that both pfn_valid() and
pfn_is_map_memory() declarations will be consistent.

Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
---
 arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h   |  3 ++-
 arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c            |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/mm/init.c            | 12 ++++++++++++
 arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c         |  4 ++--
 arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c             |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h
index 0aabc3be9a75..194f9f993d30 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ static inline void *phys_to_virt(phys_addr_t x)
 
 #define virt_addr_valid(addr)	({					\
 	__typeof__(addr) __addr = __tag_reset(addr);			\
-	__is_lm_address(__addr) && pfn_valid(virt_to_pfn(__addr));	\
+	__is_lm_address(__addr) && pfn_is_map_memory(virt_to_pfn(__addr));	\
 })
 
 void dump_mem_limit(void);
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h
index 012cffc574e8..75ddfe671393 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ void copy_highpage(struct page *to, struct page *from);
 
 typedef struct page *pgtable_t;
 
-extern int pfn_valid(unsigned long);
+int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn);
+int pfn_is_map_memory(unsigned long pfn);
 
 #include <asm/memory.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
index 8711894db8c2..23dd99e29b23 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ void kvm_flush_remote_tlbs(struct kvm *kvm)
 
 static bool kvm_is_device_pfn(unsigned long pfn)
 {
-	return !pfn_valid(pfn);
+	return !pfn_is_map_memory(pfn);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
index 3685e12aba9b..966a7a18d528 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
@@ -258,6 +258,18 @@ int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
 
+int pfn_is_map_memory(unsigned long pfn)
+{
+	phys_addr_t addr = PFN_PHYS(pfn);
+
+	/* avoid false positives for bogus PFNs, see comment in pfn_valid() */
+	if (PHYS_PFN(addr) != pfn)
+		return 0;
+
+	return memblock_is_map_memory(addr);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_is_map_memory);
+
 static phys_addr_t memory_limit = PHYS_ADDR_MAX;
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c b/arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c
index b5e83c46b23e..b7c81dacabf0 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ static void __iomem *__ioremap_caller(phys_addr_t phys_addr, size_t size,
 	/*
 	 * Don't allow RAM to be mapped.
 	 */
-	if (WARN_ON(pfn_valid(__phys_to_pfn(phys_addr))))
+	if (WARN_ON(pfn_is_map_memory(__phys_to_pfn(phys_addr))))
 		return NULL;
 
 	area = get_vm_area_caller(size, VM_IOREMAP, caller);
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(iounmap);
 void __iomem *ioremap_cache(phys_addr_t phys_addr, size_t size)
 {
 	/* For normal memory we already have a cacheable mapping. */
-	if (pfn_valid(__phys_to_pfn(phys_addr)))
+	if (pfn_is_map_memory(__phys_to_pfn(phys_addr)))
 		return (void __iomem *)__phys_to_virt(phys_addr);
 
 	return __ioremap_caller(phys_addr, size, __pgprot(PROT_NORMAL),
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
index 5d9550fdb9cf..26045e9adbd7 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void set_swapper_pgd(pgd_t *pgdp, pgd_t pgd)
 pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
 			      unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
 {
-	if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
+	if (!pfn_is_map_memory(pfn))
 		return pgprot_noncached(vma_prot);
 	else if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC)
 		return pgprot_writecombine(vma_prot);
-- 
2.28.0

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[PATCH v3 4/4] arm64: drop pfn_valid_within() and simplify pfn_valid()

[Mike Rapoport]

From: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>

The arm64's version of pfn_valid() differs from the generic because of two
reasons:

* Parts of the memory map are freed during boot. This makes it necessary to
  verify that there is actual physical memory that corresponds to a pfn
  which is done by querying memblock.

* There are NOMAP memory regions. These regions are not mapped in the
  linear map and until the previous commit the struct pages representing
  these areas had default values.

As the consequence of absence of the special treatment of NOMAP regions in
the memory map it was necessary to use memblock_is_map_memory() in
pfn_valid() and to have pfn_valid_within() aliased to pfn_valid() so that
generic mm functionality would not treat a NOMAP page as a normal page.

Since the NOMAP regions are now marked as PageReserved(), pfn walkers and
the rest of core mm will treat them as unusable memory and thus
pfn_valid_within() is no longer required at all and can be disabled by
removing CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE on arm64.

pfn_valid() can be slightly simplified by replacing
memblock_is_map_memory() with memblock_is_memory().

Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---
 arch/arm64/Kconfig   | 3 ---
 arch/arm64/mm/init.c | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/Kconfig b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
index e4e1b6550115..58e439046d05 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
@@ -1040,9 +1040,6 @@ config NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
 	def_bool y
 	depends on NUMA
 
-config HOLES_IN_ZONE
-	def_bool y
-
 source "kernel/Kconfig.hz"
 
 config ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
index 966a7a18d528..f431b38d0837 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
 
 	/*
 	 * ZONE_DEVICE memory does not have the memblock entries.
-	 * memblock_is_map_memory() check for ZONE_DEVICE based
+	 * memblock_is_memory() check for ZONE_DEVICE based
 	 * addresses will always fail. Even the normal hotplugged
 	 * memory will never have MEMBLOCK_NOMAP flag set in their
 	 * memblock entries. Skip memblock search for all non early
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
 		return pfn_section_valid(ms, pfn);
 }
 #endif
-	return memblock_is_map_memory(addr);
+	return memblock_is_memory(addr);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
 
-- 
2.28.0

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Re: [PATCH v3 3/4] arm64: decouple check whether pfn is in linear map from pfn_valid()

[David Hildenbrand]

On 22.04.21 08:19, Mike Rapoport wrote:
> From: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
> 
> The intended semantics of pfn_valid() is to verify whether there is a
> struct page for the pfn in question and nothing else.
> 
> Yet, on arm64 it is used to distinguish memory areas that are mapped in the
> linear map vs those that require ioremap() to access them.
> 
> Introduce a dedicated pfn_is_map_memory() wrapper for
> memblock_is_map_memory() to perform such check and use it where
> appropriate.
> 
> Using a wrapper allows to avoid cyclic include dependencies.
> 
> While here also update style of pfn_valid() so that both pfn_valid() and
> pfn_is_map_memory() declarations will be consistent.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
> ---
>   arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h |  2 +-
>   arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h   |  3 ++-
>   arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c            |  2 +-
>   arch/arm64/mm/init.c            | 12 ++++++++++++
>   arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c         |  4 ++--
>   arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c             |  2 +-
>   6 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h
> index 0aabc3be9a75..194f9f993d30 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h
> @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ static inline void *phys_to_virt(phys_addr_t x)
>   
>   #define virt_addr_valid(addr)	({					\
>   	__typeof__(addr) __addr = __tag_reset(addr);			\
> -	__is_lm_address(__addr) && pfn_valid(virt_to_pfn(__addr));	\
> +	__is_lm_address(__addr) && pfn_is_map_memory(virt_to_pfn(__addr));	\
>   })
>   
>   void dump_mem_limit(void);
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h
> index 012cffc574e8..75ddfe671393 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/page.h
> @@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ void copy_highpage(struct page *to, struct page *from);
>   
>   typedef struct page *pgtable_t;
>   
> -extern int pfn_valid(unsigned long);
> +int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn);
> +int pfn_is_map_memory(unsigned long pfn);
>   
>   #include <asm/memory.h>
>   
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
> index 8711894db8c2..23dd99e29b23 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
> @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ void kvm_flush_remote_tlbs(struct kvm *kvm)
>   
>   static bool kvm_is_device_pfn(unsigned long pfn)
>   {
> -	return !pfn_valid(pfn);
> +	return !pfn_is_map_memory(pfn);
>   }
>   
>   /*
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> index 3685e12aba9b..966a7a18d528 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> @@ -258,6 +258,18 @@ int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
>   }
>   EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
>   
> +int pfn_is_map_memory(unsigned long pfn)
> +{
> +	phys_addr_t addr = PFN_PHYS(pfn);
> +
> +	/* avoid false positives for bogus PFNs, see comment in pfn_valid() */
> +	if (PHYS_PFN(addr) != pfn)
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	return memblock_is_map_memory(addr);
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_is_map_memory);
> +
>   static phys_addr_t memory_limit = PHYS_ADDR_MAX;
>   
>   /*
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c b/arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c
> index b5e83c46b23e..b7c81dacabf0 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/ioremap.c
> @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ static void __iomem *__ioremap_caller(phys_addr_t phys_addr, size_t size,
>   	/*
>   	 * Don't allow RAM to be mapped.
>   	 */
> -	if (WARN_ON(pfn_valid(__phys_to_pfn(phys_addr))))
> +	if (WARN_ON(pfn_is_map_memory(__phys_to_pfn(phys_addr))))
>   		return NULL;
>   
>   	area = get_vm_area_caller(size, VM_IOREMAP, caller);
> @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(iounmap);
>   void __iomem *ioremap_cache(phys_addr_t phys_addr, size_t size)
>   {
>   	/* For normal memory we already have a cacheable mapping. */
> -	if (pfn_valid(__phys_to_pfn(phys_addr)))
> +	if (pfn_is_map_memory(__phys_to_pfn(phys_addr)))
>   		return (void __iomem *)__phys_to_virt(phys_addr);
>   
>   	return __ioremap_caller(phys_addr, size, __pgprot(PROT_NORMAL),
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
> index 5d9550fdb9cf..26045e9adbd7 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
> @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void set_swapper_pgd(pgd_t *pgdp, pgd_t pgd)
>   pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
>   			      unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
>   {
> -	if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
> +	if (!pfn_is_map_memory(pfn))
>   		return pgprot_noncached(vma_prot);
>   	else if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC)
>   		return pgprot_writecombine(vma_prot);
> 

Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>

-- 
Thanks,

David / dhildenb

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