[PATCH v10 0/3] add support for rng-seed

[PATCH v10 0/3] add support for rng-seed

[Hsin-Yi Wang]

Introducing a chosen node, rng-seed, which is an entropy that can be
passed to kernel called very early to increase initial device
randomness. This can be used for adding sufficient initial entropy
for stack canary. Especially architectures that lack per-stack canary.

Hsin-Yi Wang (3):
  arm64: map FDT as RW for early_init_dt_scan()
  fdt: add support for rng-seed
  arm64: kexec_file: add rng-seed support

 arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu.h           |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/kernel/kaslr.c              |  5 +----
 arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c | 18 +++++++++++++++++-
 arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c              |  9 ++++++++-
 arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c                    | 15 +--------------
 drivers/char/Kconfig                   |  9 +++++++++
 drivers/char/random.c                  | 14 ++++++++++++++
 drivers/of/fdt.c                       | 14 ++++++++++++--
 include/linux/random.h                 |  1 +
 9 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

-- 
2.20.1


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[PATCH v10 1/3] arm64: map FDT as RW for early_init_dt_scan()

[Hsin-Yi Wang]

Currently in arm64, FDT is mapped to RO before it's passed to
early_init_dt_scan(). However, there might be some codes
(eg. commit "fdt: add support for rng-seed") that need to modify FDT
during init. Map FDT to RO after early fixups are done.

Signed-off-by: Hsin-Yi Wang <hsinyi@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
---
No change since v7
---
 arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu.h |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/kernel/kaslr.c    |  5 +----
 arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c    |  9 ++++++++-
 arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c          | 15 +--------------
 4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu.h
index fd6161336653..f217e3292919 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu.h
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ extern void init_mem_pgprot(void);
 extern void create_pgd_mapping(struct mm_struct *mm, phys_addr_t phys,
 			       unsigned long virt, phys_addr_t size,
 			       pgprot_t prot, bool page_mappings_only);
-extern void *fixmap_remap_fdt(phys_addr_t dt_phys);
+extern void *fixmap_remap_fdt(phys_addr_t dt_phys, int *size, pgprot_t prot);
 extern void mark_linear_text_alias_ro(void);
 
 #define INIT_MM_CONTEXT(name)	\
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/kaslr.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/kaslr.c
index 5a59f7567f9c..416f537bf614 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/kaslr.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/kaslr.c
@@ -62,9 +62,6 @@ static __init const u8 *kaslr_get_cmdline(void *fdt)
 	return default_cmdline;
 }
 
-extern void *__init __fixmap_remap_fdt(phys_addr_t dt_phys, int *size,
-				       pgprot_t prot);
-
 /*
  * This routine will be executed with the kernel mapped at its default virtual
  * address, and if it returns successfully, the kernel will be remapped, and
@@ -93,7 +90,7 @@ u64 __init kaslr_early_init(u64 dt_phys)
 	 * attempt at mapping the FDT in setup_machine()
 	 */
 	early_fixmap_init();
-	fdt = __fixmap_remap_fdt(dt_phys, &size, PAGE_KERNEL);
+	fdt = fixmap_remap_fdt(dt_phys, &size, PAGE_KERNEL);
 	if (!fdt)
 		return 0;
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c
index 57ff38600828..56f664561754 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c
@@ -170,9 +170,13 @@ static void __init smp_build_mpidr_hash(void)
 
 static void __init setup_machine_fdt(phys_addr_t dt_phys)
 {
-	void *dt_virt = fixmap_remap_fdt(dt_phys);
+	int size;
+	void *dt_virt = fixmap_remap_fdt(dt_phys, &size, PAGE_KERNEL);
 	const char *name;
 
+	if (dt_virt)
+		memblock_reserve(dt_phys, size);
+
 	if (!dt_virt || !early_init_dt_scan(dt_virt)) {
 		pr_crit("\n"
 			"Error: invalid device tree blob at physical address %pa (virtual address 0x%p)\n"
@@ -184,6 +188,9 @@ static void __init setup_machine_fdt(phys_addr_t dt_phys)
 			cpu_relax();
 	}
 
+	/* Early fixups are done, map the FDT as read-only now */
+	fixmap_remap_fdt(dt_phys, &size, PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
+
 	name = of_flat_dt_get_machine_name();
 	if (!name)
 		return;
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
index e67bab4d613e..1586d7fbf26a 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ void __set_fixmap(enum fixed_addresses idx,
 	}
 }
 
-void *__init __fixmap_remap_fdt(phys_addr_t dt_phys, int *size, pgprot_t prot)
+void *__init fixmap_remap_fdt(phys_addr_t dt_phys, int *size, pgprot_t prot)
 {
 	const u64 dt_virt_base = __fix_to_virt(FIX_FDT);
 	int offset;
@@ -930,19 +930,6 @@ void *__init __fixmap_remap_fdt(phys_addr_t dt_phys, int *size, pgprot_t prot)
 	return dt_virt;
 }
 
-void *__init fixmap_remap_fdt(phys_addr_t dt_phys)
-{
-	void *dt_virt;
-	int size;
-
-	dt_virt = __fixmap_remap_fdt(dt_phys, &size, PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
-	if (!dt_virt)
-		return NULL;
-
-	memblock_reserve(dt_phys, size);
-	return dt_virt;
-}
-
 int __init arch_ioremap_p4d_supported(void)
 {
 	return 0;
-- 
2.20.1


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[PATCH v10 2/3] fdt: add support for rng-seed

[Hsin-Yi Wang]

Introducing a chosen node, rng-seed, which is an entropy that can be
passed to kernel called very early to increase initial device
randomness. Bootloader should provide this entropy and the value is
read from /chosen/rng-seed in DT.

Obtain of_fdt_crc32 for CRC check after early_init_dt_scan_nodes(),
since early_init_dt_scan_chosen() would modify fdt to erase rng-seed.

Add a new interface add_bootloader_randomness() for rng-seed use case.
Depends on whether the seed is trustworthy, rng seed would be passed to
add_hwgenerator_randomness(). Otherwise it would be passed to
add_device_randomness(). Decision is controlled by kernel config
RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER.

Signed-off-by: Hsin-Yi Wang <hsinyi@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
---
Change from v9:
* reword kconfig
* use IS_ENABLED for config
---
 drivers/char/Kconfig   |  9 +++++++++
 drivers/char/random.c  | 14 ++++++++++++++
 drivers/of/fdt.c       | 14 ++++++++++++--
 include/linux/random.h |  1 +
 4 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/char/Kconfig b/drivers/char/Kconfig
index 96156c729a31..df0fc997dc3e 100644
--- a/drivers/char/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/char/Kconfig
@@ -551,3 +551,12 @@ config RANDOM_TRUST_CPU
 	has not installed a hidden back door to compromise the CPU's
 	random number generation facilities. This can also be configured
 	at boot with "random.trust_cpu=on/off".
+
+config RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER
+	bool "Trust the bootloader to initialize Linux's CRNG"
+	help
+	Some bootloaders can provide entropy to increase the kernel's initial
+	device randomness. Say Y here to assume the entropy provided by the
+	booloader is trustworthy so it will be added to the kernel's entropy
+	pool. Otherwise, say N here so it will be regarded as device input that
+	only mixes the entropy pool.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/drivers/char/random.c b/drivers/char/random.c
index 5d5ea4ce1442..566922df4b7b 100644
--- a/drivers/char/random.c
+++ b/drivers/char/random.c
@@ -2445,3 +2445,17 @@ void add_hwgenerator_randomness(const char *buffer, size_t count,
 	credit_entropy_bits(poolp, entropy);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(add_hwgenerator_randomness);
+
+/* Handle random seed passed by bootloader.
+ * If the seed is trustworthy, it would be regarded as hardware RNGs. Otherwise
+ * it would be regarded as device data.
+ * The decision is controlled by CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER.
+ */
+void add_bootloader_randomness(const void *buf, unsigned int size)
+{
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER))
+		add_hwgenerator_randomness(buf, size, size * 8);
+	else
+		add_device_randomness(buf, size);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(add_bootloader_randomness);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/drivers/of/fdt.c b/drivers/of/fdt.c
index 9cdf14b9aaab..7d97ab6d0e31 100644
--- a/drivers/of/fdt.c
+++ b/drivers/of/fdt.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/serial_core.h>
 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
 
 #include <asm/setup.h>  /* for COMMAND_LINE_SIZE */
 #include <asm/page.h>
@@ -1044,6 +1045,7 @@ int __init early_init_dt_scan_chosen(unsigned long node, const char *uname,
 {
 	int l;
 	const char *p;
+	const void *rng_seed;
 
 	pr_debug("search \"chosen\", depth: %d, uname: %s\n", depth, uname);
 
@@ -1078,6 +1080,14 @@ int __init early_init_dt_scan_chosen(unsigned long node, const char *uname,
 
 	pr_debug("Command line is: %s\n", (char*)data);
 
+	rng_seed = of_get_flat_dt_prop(node, "rng-seed", &l);
+	if (rng_seed && l > 0) {
+		add_bootloader_randomness(rng_seed, l);
+
+		/* try to clear seed so it won't be found. */
+		fdt_nop_property(initial_boot_params, node, "rng-seed");
+	}
+
 	/* break now */
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -1166,8 +1176,6 @@ bool __init early_init_dt_verify(void *params)
 
 	/* Setup flat device-tree pointer */
 	initial_boot_params = params;
-	of_fdt_crc32 = crc32_be(~0, initial_boot_params,
-				fdt_totalsize(initial_boot_params));
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -1197,6 +1205,8 @@ bool __init early_init_dt_scan(void *params)
 		return false;
 
 	early_init_dt_scan_nodes();
+	of_fdt_crc32 = crc32_be(~0, initial_boot_params,
+				fdt_totalsize(initial_boot_params));
 	return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/random.h b/include/linux/random.h
index 1f7dced2bba6..f189c927fdea 100644
--- a/include/linux/random.h
+++ b/include/linux/random.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ struct random_ready_callback {
 };
 
 extern void add_device_randomness(const void *, unsigned int);
+extern void add_bootloader_randomness(const void *, unsigned int);
 
 #if defined(LATENT_ENTROPY_PLUGIN) && !defined(__CHECKER__)
 static inline void add_latent_entropy(void)
-- 
2.20.1


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[PATCH v10 3/3] arm64: kexec_file: add rng-seed support

[Hsin-Yi Wang]

Adding "rng-seed" to dtb. It's fine to add this property if original
fdt doesn't contain it. Since original seed will be wiped after
read, so use a default size 128 bytes here.

Signed-off-by: Hsin-Yi Wang <hsinyi@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
---
No change since v7
---
 arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c | 18 +++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
index ba78ee7ca990..7b08bf9499b6 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #define FDT_PROP_INITRD_END	"linux,initrd-end"
 #define FDT_PROP_BOOTARGS	"bootargs"
 #define FDT_PROP_KASLR_SEED	"kaslr-seed"
+#define FDT_PROP_RNG_SEED	"rng-seed"
+#define RNG_SEED_SIZE		128
 
 const struct kexec_file_ops * const kexec_file_loaders[] = {
 	&kexec_image_ops,
@@ -102,6 +104,19 @@ static int setup_dtb(struct kimage *image,
 				FDT_PROP_KASLR_SEED);
 	}
 
+	/* add rng-seed */
+	if (rng_is_initialized()) {
+		u8 rng_seed[RNG_SEED_SIZE];
+		get_random_bytes(rng_seed, RNG_SEED_SIZE);
+		ret = fdt_setprop(dtb, off, FDT_PROP_RNG_SEED, rng_seed,
+				RNG_SEED_SIZE);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	} else {
+		pr_notice("RNG is not initialised: omitting \"%s\" property\n",
+				FDT_PROP_RNG_SEED);
+	}
+
 out:
 	if (ret)
 		return (ret == -FDT_ERR_NOSPACE) ? -ENOMEM : -EINVAL;
@@ -110,7 +125,8 @@ static int setup_dtb(struct kimage *image,
 }
 
 /*
- * More space needed so that we can add initrd, bootargs and kaslr-seed.
+ * More space needed so that we can add initrd, bootargs, kaslr-seed, and
+ * rng-seed.
  */
 #define DTB_EXTRA_SPACE 0x1000
 
-- 
2.20.1


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Re: [PATCH v10 2/3] fdt: add support for rng-seed

[Will Deacon]

On Fri, Aug 23, 2019 at 02:24:51PM +0800, Hsin-Yi Wang wrote:
> Introducing a chosen node, rng-seed, which is an entropy that can be
> passed to kernel called very early to increase initial device
> randomness. Bootloader should provide this entropy and the value is
> read from /chosen/rng-seed in DT.
> 
> Obtain of_fdt_crc32 for CRC check after early_init_dt_scan_nodes(),
> since early_init_dt_scan_chosen() would modify fdt to erase rng-seed.
> 
> Add a new interface add_bootloader_randomness() for rng-seed use case.
> Depends on whether the seed is trustworthy, rng seed would be passed to
> add_hwgenerator_randomness(). Otherwise it would be passed to
> add_device_randomness(). Decision is controlled by kernel config
> RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Hsin-Yi Wang <hsinyi@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
> ---
> Change from v9:
> * reword kconfig
> * use IS_ENABLED for config

Given that these aren't functional changes, I've kept Ted's ack from v9
and I'll queue these via arm64 assuming they pass testing.

Ted -- please shout if you're not happy about that, and I'll drop the
series.

Thanks,

Will

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Re: [PATCH v10 2/3] fdt: add support for rng-seed

[Theodore Y. Ts'o]

On Fri, Aug 23, 2019 at 04:41:59PM +0100, Will Deacon wrote:
> 
> Given that these aren't functional changes, I've kept Ted's ack from v9
> and I'll queue these via arm64 assuming they pass testing.
> 
> Ted -- please shout if you're not happy about that, and I'll drop the
> series.

That's fine, thanks.  I'm thinking about making some changes to
add_hwgenerator_randomness(), but it's not going to be in the next
merge window, and it's more important that we get the interfaces (the
Kconfig options and add_bootloader_randomness() function prototype)
right for ARM.

Now to shanghai some volunteers to get this functionality working for
x86 (at least for the UEFI and NERF bootloaders).  :-)

Thanks!!

						- Ted

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Re: [PATCH v10 2/3] fdt: add support for rng-seed

[Will Deacon]

On Fri, Aug 23, 2019 at 12:06:12PM -0400, Theodore Y. Ts'o wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 23, 2019 at 04:41:59PM +0100, Will Deacon wrote:
> > 
> > Given that these aren't functional changes, I've kept Ted's ack from v9
> > and I'll queue these via arm64 assuming they pass testing.
> > 
> > Ted -- please shout if you're not happy about that, and I'll drop the
> > series.
> 
> That's fine, thanks.  I'm thinking about making some changes to
> add_hwgenerator_randomness(), but it's not going to be in the next
> merge window, and it's more important that we get the interfaces (the
> Kconfig options and add_bootloader_randomness() function prototype)
> right for ARM.

Well, on the off-chance that you do need it, I've stuck the series on its
own branch anyway so you can pull in elsewhere if necessary:

https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux.git/log/?h=for-next/rng

> Now to shanghai some volunteers to get this functionality working for
> x86 (at least for the UEFI and NERF bootloaders).  :-)

Hehe, good luck!

Will

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Re: [PATCH v10 2/3] fdt: add support for rng-seed

[Geert Uytterhoeven]

Hi Will, Hsin-Yi,

On Fri, Aug 23, 2019 at 5:42 PM Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 23, 2019 at 02:24:51PM +0800, Hsin-Yi Wang wrote:
> > Introducing a chosen node, rng-seed, which is an entropy that can be
> > passed to kernel called very early to increase initial device
> > randomness. Bootloader should provide this entropy and the value is
> > read from /chosen/rng-seed in DT.
> >
> > Obtain of_fdt_crc32 for CRC check after early_init_dt_scan_nodes(),
> > since early_init_dt_scan_chosen() would modify fdt to erase rng-seed.
> >
> > Add a new interface add_bootloader_randomness() for rng-seed use case.
> > Depends on whether the seed is trustworthy, rng seed would be passed to
> > add_hwgenerator_randomness(). Otherwise it would be passed to
> > add_device_randomness(). Decision is controlled by kernel config
> > RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Hsin-Yi Wang <hsinyi@chromium.org>
> > Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
> > Reviewed-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
> > ---
> > Change from v9:
> > * reword kconfig
> > * use IS_ENABLED for config
>
> Given that these aren't functional changes, I've kept Ted's ack from v9
> and I'll queue these via arm64 assuming they pass testing.

This is now commit 428826f5358c922d ("fdt: add support for rng-seed")
in arm64/for-next/core, and causes the following regression on arm32
(e.g. r8a7791/koelsch, and sh73a0/kzm9g):

    OF: fdt: not creating '/sys/firmware/fdt': CRC check failed

Seems to work fine on arm64 (r8a7795/h3-salvator-xs), though.

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

                        Geert

-- 
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
                                -- Linus Torvalds

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Re: [PATCH v10 2/3] fdt: add support for rng-seed

[Hsin-Yi Wang]

I probably shouldn't move of_fdt_crc32 from early_init_dt_verify() to
early_init_dt_scan() after early_init_dt_scan_nodes().
Since arm doesn't call early_init_dt_scan(). It calls
early_init_dt_verify() and early_init_dt_scan_nodes(). While arm64
calls early_init_dt_scan().
Sorry for not checking on arm.

Since it's early_init_dt_scan_nodes() that would modify DT, I'll still
leave of_fdt_crc32 be in early_init_dt_verify() and update it in
early_init_dt_scan_chosen() if rng-seed is wiped from dt.


On Tue, Aug 27, 2019 at 5:18 PM Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> wrote:
>
> Hi Will, Hsin-Yi,
>
> On Fri, Aug 23, 2019 at 5:42 PM Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> wrote:
> > On Fri, Aug 23, 2019 at 02:24:51PM +0800, Hsin-Yi Wang wrote:
> > > Introducing a chosen node, rng-seed, which is an entropy that can be
> > > passed to kernel called very early to increase initial device
> > > randomness. Bootloader should provide this entropy and the value is
> > > read from /chosen/rng-seed in DT.
> > >
> > > Obtain of_fdt_crc32 for CRC check after early_init_dt_scan_nodes(),
> > > since early_init_dt_scan_chosen() would modify fdt to erase rng-seed.
> > >
> > > Add a new interface add_bootloader_randomness() for rng-seed use case.
> > > Depends on whether the seed is trustworthy, rng seed would be passed to
> > > add_hwgenerator_randomness(). Otherwise it would be passed to
> > > add_device_randomness(). Decision is controlled by kernel config
> > > RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER.
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Hsin-Yi Wang <hsinyi@chromium.org>
> > > Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
> > > Reviewed-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
> > > ---
> > > Change from v9:
> > > * reword kconfig
> > > * use IS_ENABLED for config
> >
> > Given that these aren't functional changes, I've kept Ted's ack from v9
> > and I'll queue these via arm64 assuming they pass testing.
>
> This is now commit 428826f5358c922d ("fdt: add support for rng-seed")
> in arm64/for-next/core, and causes the following regression on arm32
> (e.g. r8a7791/koelsch, and sh73a0/kzm9g):
>
>     OF: fdt: not creating '/sys/firmware/fdt': CRC check failed
>
> Seems to work fine on arm64 (r8a7795/h3-salvator-xs), though.
>
> Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
>
>                         Geert
>
> --
> Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert@linux-m68k.org
>
> In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
> when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
>                                 -- Linus Torvalds

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