[RFC PATCH v3 00/26] ext4: use iomap for regular file's buffered IO path and enable large foilo

[Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huaweicloud.com>]

From: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>

Hello,

This is the third version of RFC patch series that convert ext4 regular
file's buffered IO path to iomap and enable large folio. It's rebased on
6.7 and Christoph's "map multiple blocks per ->map_blocks in iomap
writeback" series [1]. I've fixed all issues found in the last about 3
weeks of stress tests and fault injection tests in v2. I hope I've
covered most of the corner cases, and any comments are welcome. :)

Changes since v2:
 - Update patch 1-6 to v3 [2].
 - iomap_zero and iomap_unshare don't need to update i_size and call
   iomap_write_failed(), introduce a new helper iomap_write_end_simple()
   to avoid doing that.
 - Factor out ext4_[ext|ind]_map_blocks() parts from ext4_map_blocks(),
   introduce a new helper ext4_iomap_map_one_extent() to allocate
   delalloc blocks in writeback, which is always under i_data_sem in
   write mode. This is done to prevent the writing back delalloc
   extents become stale if it raced by truncate.
 - Add a lock detection in mapping_clear_large_folios().
Changes since v1:
 - Introduce seq count for iomap buffered write and writeback to protect
   races from extents changes, e.g. truncate, mwrite.
 - Always allocate unwritten extents for new blocks, drop dioread_lock
   mode, and make no distinctions between dioread_lock and
   dioread_nolock.
 - Don't add ditry data range to jinode, drop data=ordered mode, and
   make no distinctions between data=ordered and data=writeback mode.
 - Postpone updating i_disksize to endio.
 - Allow splitting extents and use reserved space in endio.
 - Instead of reimplement a new delayed mapping helper
   ext4_iomap_da_map_blocks() for buffer write, try to reuse
   ext4_da_map_blocks().
 - Add support for disabling large folio on active inodes.
 - Support online defragmentation, make file fall back to buffer_head
   and disable large folio in ext4_move_extents().
 - Move ext4_nonda_switch() in advance to prevent deadlock in mwrite.
 - Add dirty_len and pos trace info to trace_iomap_writepage_map().
 - Update patch 1-6 to v2.

This series only support ext4 with the default features and mount
options, doesn't support inline_data, bigalloc, dax, fs_verity, fs_crypt
and data=journal mode, ext4 would fall back to buffer_head path
automatically if you enabled these features/options. Although it has
many limitations now, it can satisfy the requirements of common cases
and bring a great performance benefit.

Patch 1-6: this is a preparation series, it changes ext4_map_blocks()
and ext4_set_iomap() to recognize delayed only extents, I've send it out
separately [2].

Patch 7-8: these are two minor iomap changes, the first one is don't
update i_size and don't call iomap_write_failed() in zero_range, the
second one is for debug in iomap writeback path that I've discussed whit
Christoph [3].

Patch 9-15: this is another preparation series, including some changes
for delayed extents. Firstly, it factor out buffer_head from
ext4_da_map_blocks(), make it to support adding multi-blocks once a
time. Then make unwritten to written extents conversion in endio use to
reserved space, reduce the risk of potential data loss. Finally,
introduce a sequence counter for extent status tree, which is useful
for iomap buffer write and write back.

Patch 16-22: Implement buffered IO iomap path for read, write, mmap,
zero range, truncate and writeback, replace current buffered_head path.
Please look at the following patch for details.

Patch 23-26: Convert to iomap for regular file's buffered IO path
besides inline_data, bigalloc, dax, fs_verity, fs_crypt, and
data=journal mode, and enable large folio. It should be note that
buffered iomap path hasn't support Online defrag yet, so we need fall
back to buffer_head and disable large folio automatically if user call
EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT.

About Tests:
 - kvm-xfstests in auto mode, and about 3 weeks of stress tests and
   fault injection tests.
 - A performance tests below.

   Fio tests with psync on my machine with Intel Xeon Gold 6240 CPU
   with 400GB system ram, 200GB ramdisk and 1TB nvme ssd disk.

   == buffer read ==

                  buffer head        iomap with large folio
   type     bs    IOPS    BW(MiB/s)  IOPS    BW(MiB/s)
   ----------------------------------------------------
   hole     4K    565k    2206       811k    3167
   hole     64K   45.1k   2820       78.1k   4879
   hole     1M    2744    2744       4890    4891
   ramdisk  4K    436k    1703       554k    2163
   ramdisk  64K   29.6k   1848       44.0k   2747
   ramdisk  1M    1994    1995       2809    2809
   nvme     4K    306k    1196       324k    1267
   nvme     64K   19.3k   1208       24.3k   1517
   nvme     1M    1694    1694       2256    2256

   == buffer write ==

                                       buffer head    ext4_iomap    
   type   Overwrite Sync Writeback bs  IOPS   BW      IOPS   BW
   -------------------------------------------------------------
   cache    N       N    N         4K   395k   1544   415k   1621
   cache    N       N    N         64K  30.8k  1928   80.1k  5005
   cache    N       N    N         1M   1963   1963   5641   5642
   cache    Y       N    N         4K   423k   1652   443k   1730
   cache    Y       N    N         64K  33.0k  2063   80.8k  5051
   cache    Y       N    N         1M   2103   2103   5588   5589
   ramdisk  N       N    Y         4K   362k   1416   307k   1198
   ramdisk  N       N    Y         64K  22.4k  1399   64.8k  4050
   ramdisk  N       N    Y         1M   1670   1670   4559   4560
   ramdisk  N       Y    N         4K   9830   38.4   13.5k  52.8
   ramdisk  N       Y    N         64K  5834   365    10.1k  629
   ramdisk  N       Y    N         1M   1011   1011   2064   2064
   ramdisk  Y       N    Y         4K   397k   1550   409k   1598
   ramdisk  Y       N    Y         64K  29.2k  1827   73.6k  4597
   ramdisk  Y       N    Y         1M   1837   1837   4985   4985
   ramdisk  Y       Y    N         4K   173k   675    182k   710
   ramdisk  Y       Y    N         64K  17.7k  1109   33.7k  2105
   ramdisk  Y       Y    N         1M   1128   1129   1790   1791
   nvme     N       N    Y         4K   298k   1164   290k   1134
   nvme     N       N    Y         64K  21.5k  1343   57.4k  3590
   nvme     N       N    Y         1M   1308   1308   3664   3664
   nvme     N       Y    N         4K   10.7k  41.8   12.0k  46.9
   nvme     N       Y    N         64K  5962   373    8598   537
   nvme     N       Y    N         1M   676    677    1417   1418
   nvme     Y       N    Y         4K   366k   1430   373k   1456
   nvme     Y       N    Y         64K  26.7k  1670   56.8k  3547
   nvme     Y       N    Y         1M   1745   1746   3586   3586
   nvme     Y       Y    N         4K   59.0k  230    61.2k  239
   nvme     Y       Y    N         64K  13.0k  813    21.0k  1311
   nvme     Y       Y    N         1M   683    683    1368   1369
 
TODO
 - Keep on doing stress tests and fixing.
 - I will rebase and resend my another patch set "ext4: more accurate
   metadata reservaion for delalloc mount option[4]" later, it's useful
   for iomap conversion. After this series, I suppose we could totally
   drop ext4_nonda_switch() and prevent the risk of data loss caused by
   extents splitting.
 - Support for more features and mount options in the future.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20231207072710.176093-1-hch@lst.de/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/20240105033018.1665752-1-yi.zhang@huaweicloud.com/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20231207150311.GA18830@lst.de/
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/20230824092619.1327976-1-yi.zhang@huaweicloud.com/

Thanks,
Yi.

---
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/20240102123918.799062-1-yi.zhang@huaweicloud.com/
v1: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/20231123125121.4064694-1-yi.zhang@huaweicloud.com/

Zhang Yi (26):
  ext4: refactor ext4_da_map_blocks()
  ext4: convert to exclusive lock while inserting delalloc extents
  ext4: correct the hole length returned by ext4_map_blocks()
  ext4: add a hole extent entry in cache after punch
  ext4: make ext4_map_blocks() distinguish delalloc only extent
  ext4: make ext4_set_iomap() recognize IOMAP_DELALLOC map type
  iomap: don't increase i_size if it's not a write operation
  iomap: add pos and dirty_len into trace_iomap_writepage_map
  ext4: allow inserting delalloc extents with multi-blocks
  ext4: correct delalloc extent length
  ext4: also mark extent as delalloc if it's been unwritten
  ext4: factor out bh handles to ext4_da_get_block_prep()
  ext4: use reserved metadata blocks when splitting extent in endio
  ext4: factor out ext4_map_{create|query}_blocks()
  ext4: introduce seq counter for extent entry
  ext4: add a new iomap aops for regular file's buffered IO path
  ext4: implement buffered read iomap path
  ext4: implement buffered write iomap path
  ext4: implement writeback iomap path
  ext4: implement mmap iomap path
  ext4: implement zero_range iomap path
  ext4: writeback partial blocks before zero range
  ext4: fall back to buffer_head path for defrag
  ext4: partially enable iomap for regular file's buffered IO path
  filemap: support disable large folios on active inode
  ext4: enable large folio for regular file with iomap buffered IO path

 fs/ext4/ext4.h              |  14 +-
 fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.c         |   6 +
 fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.h         |   7 +
 fs/ext4/extents.c           | 149 +++---
 fs/ext4/extents_status.c    |  39 +-
 fs/ext4/extents_status.h    |   4 +-
 fs/ext4/file.c              |  19 +-
 fs/ext4/ialloc.c            |   5 +
 fs/ext4/inode.c             | 891 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 fs/ext4/move_extent.c       |  35 ++
 fs/ext4/page-io.c           | 107 +++++
 fs/ext4/super.c             |   3 +
 fs/iomap/buffered-io.c      |  30 +-
 fs/iomap/trace.h            |  43 +-
 include/linux/pagemap.h     |  14 +
 include/trace/events/ext4.h |  31 +-
 mm/readahead.c              |   6 +-
 17 files changed, 1109 insertions(+), 294 deletions(-)

-- 
2.39.2