Re: [PATCH 016/119] xfs: move deferred operations into a separate file

[Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>]

On Thu, Jun 16, 2016 at 06:19:34PM -0700, Darrick J. Wong wrote:
> All the code around struct xfs_bmap_free basically implements a
> deferred operation framework through which we can roll transactions
> (to unlock buffers and avoid violating lock order rules) while
> managing all the necessary log redo items.  Previously we only used
> this code to free extents after some sort of mapping operation, but
> with the advent of rmap and reflink, we suddenly need to do more than
> that.
> 
> With that in mind, xfs_bmap_free really becomes a deferred ops control
> structure.  Rename the structure and move the deferred ops into their
> own file to avoid further bloating of the bmap code.
> 
> v2: actually sort the work items by AG to avoid deadlocks
> 
> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
> ---

So if I'm following this correctly, we 1.) abstract the bmap freeing
infrastructure into a generic mechanism and 2.) enhance it a bit to
provide things like partial intent completion, etc. If so and for future
reference, this would probably be easier to review if the abstraction
and enhancement were done separately. It's probably not worth that at
this point, however...

>  fs/xfs/Makefile           |    2 
>  fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.c |  471 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.h |   96 +++++++++
>  fs/xfs/xfs_defer_item.c   |   36 +++
>  fs/xfs/xfs_super.c        |    2 
>  5 files changed, 607 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.c
>  create mode 100644 fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.h
>  create mode 100644 fs/xfs/xfs_defer_item.c
> 
> 
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/Makefile b/fs/xfs/Makefile
> index 3542d94..ad46a2d 100644
> --- a/fs/xfs/Makefile
> +++ b/fs/xfs/Makefile
> @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ xfs-y				+= $(addprefix libxfs/, \
>  				   xfs_btree.o \
>  				   xfs_da_btree.o \
>  				   xfs_da_format.o \
> +				   xfs_defer.o \
>  				   xfs_dir2.o \
>  				   xfs_dir2_block.o \
>  				   xfs_dir2_data.o \
> @@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ xfs-y				+= xfs_aops.o \
>  				   xfs_attr_list.o \
>  				   xfs_bmap_util.o \
>  				   xfs_buf.o \
> +				   xfs_defer_item.o \
>  				   xfs_dir2_readdir.o \
>  				   xfs_discard.o \
>  				   xfs_error.o \
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.c b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..ad14e33e
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2016 Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
> + *
> + * Author: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
> + * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
> + * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
> + * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
> + * Inc.,  51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
> + */
> +#include "xfs.h"
> +#include "xfs_fs.h"
> +#include "xfs_shared.h"
> +#include "xfs_format.h"
> +#include "xfs_log_format.h"
> +#include "xfs_trans_resv.h"
> +#include "xfs_bit.h"
> +#include "xfs_sb.h"
> +#include "xfs_mount.h"
> +#include "xfs_defer.h"
> +#include "xfs_trans.h"
> +#include "xfs_trace.h"
> +
> +/*
> + * Deferred Operations in XFS
> + *
> + * Due to the way locking rules work in XFS, certain transactions (block
> + * mapping and unmapping, typically) have permanent reservations so that
> + * we can roll the transaction to adhere to AG locking order rules and
> + * to unlock buffers between metadata updates.  Prior to rmap/reflink,
> + * the mapping code had a mechanism to perform these deferrals for
> + * extents that were going to be freed; this code makes that facility
> + * more generic.
> + *
> + * When adding the reverse mapping and reflink features, it became
> + * necessary to perform complex remapping multi-transactions to comply
> + * with AG locking order rules, and to be able to spread a single
> + * refcount update operation (an operation on an n-block extent can
> + * update as many as n records!) among multiple transactions.  XFS can
> + * roll a transaction to facilitate this, but using this facility
> + * requires us to log "intent" items in case log recovery needs to
> + * redo the operation, and to log "done" items to indicate that redo
> + * is not necessary.
> + *
> + * The xfs_defer_ops structure tracks incoming deferred work (which is
> + * work that has not yet had an intent logged) in xfs_defer_intake.

Do you mean xfs_defer_pending rather than xfs_defer_intake?

> + * There is one xfs_defer_intake for each type of deferrable
> + * operation.  Each new deferral is placed in the op's intake list,
> + * where it waits for the caller to finish the deferred operations.
> + *
> + * Finishing a set of deferred operations is an involved process.  To
> + * start, we define "rolling a deferred-op transaction" as follows:
> + *
> + * > For each xfs_defer_intake,
> + *   - Sort the items on the intake list in AG order.
> + *   - Create a log intent item for that type.
> + *   - Attach to it the items on the intake list.
> + *   - Stash the intent+items for later in an xfs_defer_pending.

Does this mean "the pending list?"

Thanks for the big comment and example below. It looks that perhaps
terminology is a bit out of sync with the latest code (I'm guessing
design and data structures evolved a bit since this was written).

> + *   - Attach the xfs_defer_pending to the xfs_defer_ops work list.
> + * > Roll the transaction.
> + *
> + * NOTE: To avoid exceeding the transaction reservation, we limit the
> + * number of items that we attach to a given xfs_defer_pending.
> + *
> + * The actual finishing process looks like this:
> + *
> + * > For each xfs_defer_pending in the xfs_defer_ops work list,
> + *   - Roll the deferred-op transaction as above.
> + *   - Create a log done item for that type, and attach it to the
> + *     intent item.
> + *   - For each work item attached to the intent item,
> + *     * Perform the described action.
> + *     * Attach the work item to the log done item.
> + *     * If the result of doing the work was -EAGAIN, log a fresh
> + *       intent item and attach all remaining work items to it.  Put
> + *       the xfs_defer_pending item back on the work list, and repeat
> + *       the loop.  This allows us to make partial progress even if
> + *       the transaction is too full to finish the job.
> + *
> + * The key here is that we must log an intent item for all pending
> + * work items every time we roll the transaction, and that we must log
> + * a done item as soon as the work is completed.  With this mechanism
> + * we can perform complex remapping operations, chaining intent items
> + * as needed.
> + *
> + * This is an example of remapping the extent (E, E+B) into file X at
> + * offset A and dealing with the extent (C, C+B) already being mapped
> + * there:
> + * +-------------------------------------------------+
> + * | Unmap file X startblock C offset A length B     | t0
> + * | Intent to reduce refcount for extent (C, B)     |
> + * | Intent to remove rmap (X, C, A, B)              |
> + * | Intent to free extent (D, 1) (bmbt block)       |
> + * | Intent to map (X, A, B) at startblock E         |
> + * +-------------------------------------------------+
> + * | Map file X startblock E offset A length B       | t1
> + * | Done mapping (X, E, A, B)                       |
> + * | Intent to increase refcount for extent (E, B)   |
> + * | Intent to add rmap (X, E, A, B)                 |
> + * +-------------------------------------------------+
> + * | Reduce refcount for extent (C, B)               | t2
> + * | Done reducing refcount for extent (C, B)        |
> + * | Increase refcount for extent (E, B)             |
> + * | Done increasing refcount for extent (E, B)      |
> + * | Intent to free extent (C, B)                    |
> + * | Intent to free extent (F, 1) (refcountbt block) |
> + * | Intent to remove rmap (F, 1, REFC)              |
> + * +-------------------------------------------------+
> + * | Remove rmap (X, C, A, B)                        | t3
> + * | Done removing rmap (X, C, A, B)                 |
> + * | Add rmap (X, E, A, B)                           |
> + * | Done adding rmap (X, E, A, B)                   |
> + * | Remove rmap (F, 1, REFC)                        |
> + * | Done removing rmap (F, 1, REFC)                 |
> + * +-------------------------------------------------+
> + * | Free extent (C, B)                              | t4
> + * | Done freeing extent (C, B)                      |
> + * | Free extent (D, 1)                              |
> + * | Done freeing extent (D, 1)                      |
> + * | Free extent (F, 1)                              |
> + * | Done freeing extent (F, 1)                      |
> + * +-------------------------------------------------+
> + *
> + * If we should crash before t2 commits, log recovery replays
> + * the following intent items:
> + *
> + * - Intent to reduce refcount for extent (C, B)
> + * - Intent to remove rmap (X, C, A, B)
> + * - Intent to free extent (D, 1) (bmbt block)
> + * - Intent to increase refcount for extent (E, B)
> + * - Intent to add rmap (X, E, A, B)
> + *
> + * In the process of recovering, it should also generate and take care
> + * of these intent items:
> + *
> + * - Intent to free extent (C, B)
> + * - Intent to free extent (F, 1) (refcountbt block)
> + * - Intent to remove rmap (F, 1, REFC)
> + */
> +
> +static const struct xfs_defer_op_type *defer_op_types[XFS_DEFER_OPS_TYPE_MAX];
> +
> +/*
> + * For each pending item in the intake list, log its intent item and the
> + * associated extents, then add the entire intake list to the end of
> + * the pending list.
> + */
> +STATIC void

I don't think we're using 'STATIC' any longer. Better to use 'static' so
we can eventually kill off the former.

> +xfs_defer_intake_work(
> +	struct xfs_trans		*tp,
> +	struct xfs_defer_ops		*dop)
> +{
> +	struct list_head		*li;
> +	struct xfs_defer_pending	*dfp;
> +
> +	list_for_each_entry(dfp, &dop->dop_intake, dfp_list) {
> +		dfp->dfp_intent = dfp->dfp_type->create_intent(tp,
> +				dfp->dfp_count);
> +		list_sort(tp->t_mountp, &dfp->dfp_work,
> +				dfp->dfp_type->diff_items);
> +		list_for_each(li, &dfp->dfp_work)
> +			dfp->dfp_type->log_item(tp, dfp->dfp_intent, li);
> +	}
> +
> +	list_splice_tail_init(&dop->dop_intake, &dop->dop_pending);
> +}
> +
> +/* Abort all the intents that were committed. */
> +STATIC void
> +xfs_defer_trans_abort(
> +	struct xfs_trans		*tp,
> +	struct xfs_defer_ops		*dop,
> +	int				error)
> +{
> +	struct xfs_defer_pending	*dfp;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * If the transaction was committed, drop the intent reference
> +	 * since we're bailing out of here. The other reference is
> +	 * dropped when the intent hits the AIL.  If the transaction
> +	 * was not committed, the intent is freed by the intent item
> +	 * unlock handler on abort.
> +	 */
> +	if (!dop->dop_committed)
> +		return;
> +
> +	/* Abort intent items. */
> +	list_for_each_entry(dfp, &dop->dop_pending, dfp_list) {
> +		if (dfp->dfp_committed)
> +			dfp->dfp_type->abort_intent(dfp->dfp_intent);
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Shut down FS. */
> +	xfs_force_shutdown(tp->t_mountp, (error == -EFSCORRUPTED) ?
> +			SHUTDOWN_CORRUPT_INCORE : SHUTDOWN_META_IO_ERROR);
> +}
> +
> +/* Roll a transaction so we can do some deferred op processing. */
> +STATIC int
> +xfs_defer_trans_roll(
> +	struct xfs_trans		**tp,
> +	struct xfs_defer_ops		*dop,
> +	struct xfs_inode		*ip)
> +{
> +	int				i;
> +	int				error;
> +
> +	/* Log all the joined inodes except the one we passed in. */
> +	for (i = 0; i < XFS_DEFER_OPS_NR_INODES && dop->dop_inodes[i]; i++) {
> +		if (dop->dop_inodes[i] == ip)
> +			continue;
> +		xfs_trans_log_inode(*tp, dop->dop_inodes[i], XFS_ILOG_CORE);
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Roll the transaction. */
> +	error = xfs_trans_roll(tp, ip);
> +	if (error) {
> +		xfs_defer_trans_abort(*tp, dop, error);
> +		return error;
> +	}
> +	dop->dop_committed = true;
> +
> +	/* Log all the joined inodes except the one we passed in. */

Rejoin?

> +	for (i = 0; i < XFS_DEFER_OPS_NR_INODES && dop->dop_inodes[i]; i++) {
> +		if (dop->dop_inodes[i] == ip)
> +			continue;
> +		xfs_trans_ijoin(*tp, dop->dop_inodes[i], 0);
> +	}
> +
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +/* Do we have any work items to finish? */
> +bool
> +xfs_defer_has_unfinished_work(
> +	struct xfs_defer_ops		*dop)
> +{
> +	return !list_empty(&dop->dop_pending) || !list_empty(&dop->dop_intake);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Add this inode to the deferred op.  Each joined inode is relogged
> + * each time we roll the transaction, in addition to any inode passed
> + * to xfs_defer_finish().
> + */
> +int
> +xfs_defer_join(
> +	struct xfs_defer_ops		*dop,
> +	struct xfs_inode		*ip)
> +{
> +	int				i;
> +
> +	for (i = 0; i < XFS_DEFER_OPS_NR_INODES; i++) {
> +		if (dop->dop_inodes[i] == ip)
> +			return 0;
> +		else if (dop->dop_inodes[i] == NULL) {
> +			dop->dop_inodes[i] = ip;
> +			return 0;
> +		}
> +	}
> +
> +	return -EFSCORRUPTED;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Finish all the pending work.  This involves logging intent items for
> + * any work items that wandered in since the last transaction roll (if
> + * one has even happened), rolling the transaction, and finishing the
> + * work items in the first item on the logged-and-pending list.
> + *
> + * If an inode is provided, relog it to the new transaction.
> + */
> +int
> +xfs_defer_finish(
> +	struct xfs_trans		**tp,
> +	struct xfs_defer_ops		*dop,
> +	struct xfs_inode		*ip)
> +{
> +	struct xfs_defer_pending	*dfp;
> +	struct list_head		*li;
> +	struct list_head		*n;
> +	void				*done_item = NULL;
> +	void				*state;
> +	int				error = 0;
> +	void				(*cleanup_fn)(struct xfs_trans *, void *, int);
> +
> +	ASSERT((*tp)->t_flags & XFS_TRANS_PERM_LOG_RES);
> +
> +	/* Until we run out of pending work to finish... */
> +	while (xfs_defer_has_unfinished_work(dop)) {
> +		/* Log intents for work items sitting in the intake. */
> +		xfs_defer_intake_work(*tp, dop);
> +
> +		/* Roll the transaction. */
> +		error = xfs_defer_trans_roll(tp, dop, ip);
> +		if (error)
> +			goto out;
> +
> +		/* Mark all pending intents as committed. */
> +		list_for_each_entry_reverse(dfp, &dop->dop_pending, dfp_list) {
> +			if (dfp->dfp_committed)
> +				break;
> +			dfp->dfp_committed = true;
> +		}
> +
> +		/* Log an intent-done item for the first pending item. */
> +		dfp = list_first_entry(&dop->dop_pending,
> +				struct xfs_defer_pending, dfp_list);
> +		done_item = dfp->dfp_type->create_done(*tp, dfp->dfp_intent,
> +				dfp->dfp_count);
> +		cleanup_fn = dfp->dfp_type->finish_cleanup;
> +
> +		/* Finish the work items. */
> +		state = NULL;
> +		list_for_each_safe(li, n, &dfp->dfp_work) {
> +			list_del(li);
> +			dfp->dfp_count--;
> +			error = dfp->dfp_type->finish_item(*tp, dop, li,
> +					done_item, &state);
> +			if (error == -EAGAIN) {
> +				/*
> +				 * If the caller needs to try again, put the
> +				 * item back on the pending list and jump out
> +				 * for further processing.

A little confused by the terminology here. Perhaps better to say "back
on the work list" rather than "pending list?"

Also, what is the meaning/purpose of -EAGAIN here? This isn't used by
the extent free bits so I'm missing some context. For example, is there
an issue with carrying a done_item with an unexpected list count? Is it
expected that xfs_defer_finish() will not return until -EAGAIN is
"cleared" (does relogging below and rolling somehow address this)?

> +				 */
> +				list_add(li, &dfp->dfp_work);
> +				dfp->dfp_count++;
> +				break;
> +			} else if (error) {
> +				/*
> +				 * Clean up after ourselves and jump out.
> +				 * xfs_defer_cancel will take care of freeing
> +				 * all these lists and stuff.
> +				 */
> +				if (cleanup_fn)
> +					cleanup_fn(*tp, state, error);
> +				xfs_defer_trans_abort(*tp, dop, error);
> +				goto out;
> +			}
> +		}
> +		if (error == -EAGAIN) {
> +			/*
> +			 * Log a new intent, relog all the remaining work
> +			 * item to the new intent, attach the new intent to
> +			 * the dfp, and leave the dfp at the head of the list
> +			 * for further processing.
> +			 */

Similar to the above, could you elaborate on the mechanics of this with
respect to the log?  E.g., the comment kind of just repeats what the
code does as opposed to explain why it's here. Is the point here to log
a new intent in the same transaction as the done item to ensure that we
(atomically) indicate that certain operations need to be replayed if
this transaction hits the log and then we crash?

Brian

> +			dfp->dfp_intent = dfp->dfp_type->create_intent(*tp,
> +					dfp->dfp_count);
> +			list_for_each(li, &dfp->dfp_work)
> +				dfp->dfp_type->log_item(*tp, dfp->dfp_intent,
> +						li);
> +		} else {
> +			/* Done with the dfp, free it. */
> +			list_del(&dfp->dfp_list);
> +			kmem_free(dfp);
> +		}
> +
> +		if (cleanup_fn)
> +			cleanup_fn(*tp, state, error);
> +	}
> +
> +out:
> +	return error;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Free up any items left in the list.
> + */
> +void
> +xfs_defer_cancel(
> +	struct xfs_defer_ops		*dop)
> +{
> +	struct xfs_defer_pending	*dfp;
> +	struct xfs_defer_pending	*pli;
> +	struct list_head		*pwi;
> +	struct list_head		*n;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Free the pending items.  Caller should already have arranged
> +	 * for the intent items to be released.
> +	 */
> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(dfp, pli, &dop->dop_intake, dfp_list) {
> +		list_del(&dfp->dfp_list);
> +		list_for_each_safe(pwi, n, &dfp->dfp_work) {
> +			list_del(pwi);
> +			dfp->dfp_count--;
> +			dfp->dfp_type->cancel_item(pwi);
> +		}
> +		ASSERT(dfp->dfp_count == 0);
> +		kmem_free(dfp);
> +	}
> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(dfp, pli, &dop->dop_pending, dfp_list) {
> +		list_del(&dfp->dfp_list);
> +		list_for_each_safe(pwi, n, &dfp->dfp_work) {
> +			list_del(pwi);
> +			dfp->dfp_count--;
> +			dfp->dfp_type->cancel_item(pwi);
> +		}
> +		ASSERT(dfp->dfp_count == 0);
> +		kmem_free(dfp);
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +/* Add an item for later deferred processing. */
> +void
> +xfs_defer_add(
> +	struct xfs_defer_ops		*dop,
> +	enum xfs_defer_ops_type		type,
> +	struct list_head		*li)
> +{
> +	struct xfs_defer_pending	*dfp = NULL;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Add the item to a pending item at the end of the intake list.
> +	 * If the last pending item has the same type, reuse it.  Else,
> +	 * create a new pending item at the end of the intake list.
> +	 */
> +	if (!list_empty(&dop->dop_intake)) {
> +		dfp = list_last_entry(&dop->dop_intake,
> +				struct xfs_defer_pending, dfp_list);
> +		if (dfp->dfp_type->type != type ||
> +		    (dfp->dfp_type->max_items &&
> +		     dfp->dfp_count >= dfp->dfp_type->max_items))
> +			dfp = NULL;
> +	}
> +	if (!dfp) {
> +		dfp = kmem_alloc(sizeof(struct xfs_defer_pending),
> +				KM_SLEEP | KM_NOFS);
> +		dfp->dfp_type = defer_op_types[type];
> +		dfp->dfp_committed = false;
> +		dfp->dfp_intent = NULL;
> +		dfp->dfp_count = 0;
> +		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dfp->dfp_work);
> +		list_add_tail(&dfp->dfp_list, &dop->dop_intake);
> +	}
> +
> +	list_add_tail(li, &dfp->dfp_work);
> +	dfp->dfp_count++;
> +}
> +
> +/* Initialize a deferred operation list. */
> +void
> +xfs_defer_init_op_type(
> +	const struct xfs_defer_op_type	*type)
> +{
> +	defer_op_types[type->type] = type;
> +}
> +
> +/* Initialize a deferred operation. */
> +void
> +xfs_defer_init(
> +	struct xfs_defer_ops		*dop,
> +	xfs_fsblock_t			*fbp)
> +{
> +	dop->dop_committed = false;
> +	dop->dop_low = false;
> +	memset(&dop->dop_inodes, 0, sizeof(dop->dop_inodes));
> +	*fbp = NULLFSBLOCK;
> +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dop->dop_intake);
> +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dop->dop_pending);
> +}
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.h b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..85c7a3a
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_defer.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2016 Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
> + *
> + * Author: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
> + * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
> + * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
> + * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
> + * Inc.,  51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
> + */
> +#ifndef __XFS_DEFER_H__
> +#define	__XFS_DEFER_H__
> +
> +struct xfs_defer_op_type;
> +
> +/*
> + * Save a log intent item and a list of extents, so that we can replay
> + * whatever action had to happen to the extent list and file the log done
> + * item.
> + */
> +struct xfs_defer_pending {
> +	const struct xfs_defer_op_type	*dfp_type;	/* function pointers */
> +	struct list_head		dfp_list;	/* pending items */
> +	bool				dfp_committed;	/* committed trans? */
> +	void				*dfp_intent;	/* log intent item */
> +	struct list_head		dfp_work;	/* work items */
> +	unsigned int			dfp_count;	/* # extent items */
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * Header for deferred operation list.
> + *
> + * dop_low is used by the allocator to activate the lowspace algorithm -
> + * when free space is running low the extent allocator may choose to
> + * allocate an extent from an AG without leaving sufficient space for
> + * a btree split when inserting the new extent.  In this case the allocator
> + * will enable the lowspace algorithm which is supposed to allow further
> + * allocations (such as btree splits and newroots) to allocate from
> + * sequential AGs.  In order to avoid locking AGs out of order the lowspace
> + * algorithm will start searching for free space from AG 0.  If the correct
> + * transaction reservations have been made then this algorithm will eventually
> + * find all the space it needs.
> + */
> +enum xfs_defer_ops_type {
> +	XFS_DEFER_OPS_TYPE_MAX,
> +};
> +
> +#define XFS_DEFER_OPS_NR_INODES	2	/* join up to two inodes */
> +
> +struct xfs_defer_ops {
> +	bool			dop_committed;	/* did any trans commit? */
> +	bool			dop_low;	/* alloc in low mode */
> +	struct list_head	dop_intake;	/* unlogged pending work */
> +	struct list_head	dop_pending;	/* logged pending work */
> +
> +	/* relog these inodes with each roll */
> +	struct xfs_inode	*dop_inodes[XFS_DEFER_OPS_NR_INODES];
> +};
> +
> +void xfs_defer_add(struct xfs_defer_ops *dop, enum xfs_defer_ops_type type,
> +		struct list_head *h);
> +int xfs_defer_finish(struct xfs_trans **tp, struct xfs_defer_ops *dop,
> +		struct xfs_inode *ip);
> +void xfs_defer_cancel(struct xfs_defer_ops *dop);
> +void xfs_defer_init(struct xfs_defer_ops *dop, xfs_fsblock_t *fbp);
> +bool xfs_defer_has_unfinished_work(struct xfs_defer_ops *dop);
> +int xfs_defer_join(struct xfs_defer_ops *dop, struct xfs_inode *ip);
> +
> +/* Description of a deferred type. */
> +struct xfs_defer_op_type {
> +	enum xfs_defer_ops_type	type;
> +	unsigned int		max_items;
> +	void (*abort_intent)(void *);
> +	void *(*create_done)(struct xfs_trans *, void *, unsigned int);
> +	int (*finish_item)(struct xfs_trans *, struct xfs_defer_ops *,
> +			struct list_head *, void *, void **);
> +	void (*finish_cleanup)(struct xfs_trans *, void *, int);
> +	void (*cancel_item)(struct list_head *);
> +	int (*diff_items)(void *, struct list_head *, struct list_head *);
> +	void *(*create_intent)(struct xfs_trans *, uint);
> +	void (*log_item)(struct xfs_trans *, void *, struct list_head *);
> +};
> +
> +void xfs_defer_init_op_type(const struct xfs_defer_op_type *type);
> +void xfs_defer_init_types(void);
> +
> +#endif /* __XFS_DEFER_H__ */
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_defer_item.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_defer_item.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..849088d
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_defer_item.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2016 Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
> + *
> + * Author: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
> + * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
> + * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
> + * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
> + * along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
> + * Inc.,  51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
> + */
> +#include "xfs.h"
> +#include "xfs_fs.h"
> +#include "xfs_shared.h"
> +#include "xfs_format.h"
> +#include "xfs_log_format.h"
> +#include "xfs_trans_resv.h"
> +#include "xfs_bit.h"
> +#include "xfs_sb.h"
> +#include "xfs_mount.h"
> +#include "xfs_defer.h"
> +#include "xfs_trans.h"
> +
> +/* Initialize the deferred operation types. */
> +void
> +xfs_defer_init_types(void)
> +{
> +}
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_super.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_super.c
> index 09722a7..bf63f6d 100644
> --- a/fs/xfs/xfs_super.c
> +++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_super.c
> @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
>  #include "xfs_quota.h"
>  #include "xfs_sysfs.h"
>  #include "xfs_ondisk.h"
> +#include "xfs_defer.h"
>  
>  #include <linux/namei.h>
>  #include <linux/init.h>
> @@ -1850,6 +1851,7 @@ init_xfs_fs(void)
>  	printk(KERN_INFO XFS_VERSION_STRING " with "
>  			 XFS_BUILD_OPTIONS " enabled\n");
>  
> +	xfs_defer_init_types();
>  	xfs_dir_startup();
>  
>  	error = xfs_init_zones();
> 
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