From: vincenzo.frascino at arm.com (Vincenzo Frascino) Subject: [PATCH v6 18/19] x86: Add support for generic vDSO Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2019 13:13:19 +0100 [thread overview] Message-ID: <97175325-1619-fd38-2a5c-c71b3b161808@arm.com> (raw) In-Reply-To: <BYAPR21MB1221D54FCEC97509EEF7395CD7180@BYAPR21MB1221.namprd21.prod.outlook.com> Hi Michael, On 30/05/2019 16:41, Michael Kelley wrote: > From: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino at arm.com> On Thursday, May 30, 2019 7:16 AM >> >> The x86 vDSO library requires some adaptations to take advantage of the >> newly introduced generic vDSO library. >> >> Introduce the following changes: >> - Modification of vdso.c to be compliant with the common vdso datapage >> - Use of lib/vdso for gettimeofday >> >> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx at linutronix.de> >> Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino at arm.com> >> >> >> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv-tsc.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv-tsc.h >> new file mode 100644 >> index 000000000000..99c98ccea0bf >> --- /dev/null >> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv-tsc.h >> @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ >> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ >> +#ifndef _ASM_X86_MSHYPER_TSCPAGE_H >> +#define _ASM_X86_MSHYPER_TSCPAGE_H >> + >> +#include <asm/hyperv-tlfs.h> >> + >> +#ifdef CONFIG_HYPERV_TSCPAGE >> +struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *hv_get_tsc_page(void); >> +static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg, >> + u64 *cur_tsc) >> +{ >> + u64 scale, offset; >> + u32 sequence; >> + >> + /* >> + * The protocol for reading Hyper-V TSC page is specified in Hypervisor >> + * Top-Level Functional Specification ver. 3.0 and above. To get the >> + * reference time we must do the following: >> + * - READ ReferenceTscSequence >> + * A special '0' value indicates the time source is unreliable and we >> + * need to use something else. The currently published specification >> + * versions (up to 4.0b) contain a mistake and wrongly claim '-1' >> + * instead of '0' as the special value, see commit c35b82ef0294. >> + * - ReferenceTime = >> + * ((RDTSC() * ReferenceTscScale) >> 64) + ReferenceTscOffset >> + * - READ ReferenceTscSequence again. In case its value has changed >> + * since our first reading we need to discard ReferenceTime and repeat >> + * the whole sequence as the hypervisor was updating the page in >> + * between. >> + */ >> + do { >> + sequence = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_sequence); >> + if (!sequence) >> + return U64_MAX; >> + /* >> + * Make sure we read sequence before we read other values from >> + * TSC page. >> + */ >> + smp_rmb(); >> + >> + scale = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_scale); >> + offset = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_offset); >> + *cur_tsc = rdtsc_ordered(); >> + >> + /* >> + * Make sure we read sequence after we read all other values >> + * from TSC page. >> + */ >> + smp_rmb(); >> + >> + } while (READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_sequence) != sequence); >> + >> + return mul_u64_u64_shr(*cur_tsc, scale, 64) + offset; >> +} >> + >> +static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg) >> +{ >> + u64 cur_tsc; >> + >> + return hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(tsc_pg, &cur_tsc); >> +} >> + >> +#else >> +static inline struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *hv_get_tsc_page(void) >> +{ >> + return NULL; >> +} >> + >> +static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg, >> + u64 *cur_tsc) >> +{ >> + BUG(); >> + return U64_MAX; >> +} >> +#endif >> +#endif >> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv.h >> index cc60e617931c..db095a992f3e 100644 >> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv.h >> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv.h >> @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ >> #include <linux/nmi.h> >> #include <asm/io.h> >> #include <asm/hyperv-tlfs.h> >> +#include <asm/mshyperv-tsc.h> >> #include <asm/nospec-branch.h> >> >> #define VP_INVAL U32_MAX >> @@ -387,73 +388,4 @@ static inline int hyperv_flush_guest_mapping_range(u64 as, >> } >> #endif /* CONFIG_HYPERV */ >> >> -#ifdef CONFIG_HYPERV_TSCPAGE >> -struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *hv_get_tsc_page(void); >> -static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg, >> - u64 *cur_tsc) >> -{ >> - u64 scale, offset; >> - u32 sequence; >> - >> - /* >> - * The protocol for reading Hyper-V TSC page is specified in Hypervisor >> - * Top-Level Functional Specification ver. 3.0 and above. To get the >> - * reference time we must do the following: >> - * - READ ReferenceTscSequence >> - * A special '0' value indicates the time source is unreliable and we >> - * need to use something else. The currently published specification >> - * versions (up to 4.0b) contain a mistake and wrongly claim '-1' >> - * instead of '0' as the special value, see commit c35b82ef0294. >> - * - ReferenceTime = >> - * ((RDTSC() * ReferenceTscScale) >> 64) + ReferenceTscOffset >> - * - READ ReferenceTscSequence again. In case its value has changed >> - * since our first reading we need to discard ReferenceTime and repeat >> - * the whole sequence as the hypervisor was updating the page in >> - * between. >> - */ >> - do { >> - sequence = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_sequence); >> - if (!sequence) >> - return U64_MAX; >> - /* >> - * Make sure we read sequence before we read other values from >> - * TSC page. >> - */ >> - smp_rmb(); >> - >> - scale = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_scale); >> - offset = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_offset); >> - *cur_tsc = rdtsc_ordered(); >> - >> - /* >> - * Make sure we read sequence after we read all other values >> - * from TSC page. >> - */ >> - smp_rmb(); >> - >> - } while (READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_sequence) != sequence); >> - >> - return mul_u64_u64_shr(*cur_tsc, scale, 64) + offset; >> -} >> - >> -static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg) >> -{ >> - u64 cur_tsc; >> - >> - return hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(tsc_pg, &cur_tsc); >> -} >> - >> -#else >> -static inline struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *hv_get_tsc_page(void) >> -{ >> - return NULL; >> -} >> - >> -static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg, >> - u64 *cur_tsc) >> -{ >> - BUG(); >> - return U64_MAX; >> -} >> -#endif >> #endif > > Vincenzo -- these changes for Hyper-V are a subset of a larger patch set > I have that moves all of the Hyper-V clock/timer code into a separate > clocksource driver in drivers/clocksource, with an include file in > includes/clocksource. That new include file should be able to work > instead of your new mshyperv-tsc.h. It also has the benefit of being > ISA neutral, so it will work with my in-progress patch set to support > Linux on Hyper-V on ARM64. See https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/5/27/231 > for the new clocksource driver patch set. > Thank you for pointing this out, I will rebase my changes on your patches. > Michael > -- Regards, Vincenzo
WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: vincenzo.frascino@arm.com (Vincenzo Frascino) Subject: [PATCH v6 18/19] x86: Add support for generic vDSO Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2019 13:13:19 +0100 [thread overview] Message-ID: <97175325-1619-fd38-2a5c-c71b3b161808@arm.com> (raw) Message-ID: <20190604121319.QP2BN5v_P2KbA95MM--uO2RTGkVduoSUswJ6HLJDy_k@z> (raw) In-Reply-To: <BYAPR21MB1221D54FCEC97509EEF7395CD7180@BYAPR21MB1221.namprd21.prod.outlook.com> Hi Michael, On 30/05/2019 16:41, Michael Kelley wrote: > From: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino at arm.com> On Thursday, May 30, 2019 7:16 AM >> >> The x86 vDSO library requires some adaptations to take advantage of the >> newly introduced generic vDSO library. >> >> Introduce the following changes: >> - Modification of vdso.c to be compliant with the common vdso datapage >> - Use of lib/vdso for gettimeofday >> >> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx at linutronix.de> >> Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino at arm.com> >> >> >> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv-tsc.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv-tsc.h >> new file mode 100644 >> index 000000000000..99c98ccea0bf >> --- /dev/null >> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv-tsc.h >> @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ >> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ >> +#ifndef _ASM_X86_MSHYPER_TSCPAGE_H >> +#define _ASM_X86_MSHYPER_TSCPAGE_H >> + >> +#include <asm/hyperv-tlfs.h> >> + >> +#ifdef CONFIG_HYPERV_TSCPAGE >> +struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *hv_get_tsc_page(void); >> +static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg, >> + u64 *cur_tsc) >> +{ >> + u64 scale, offset; >> + u32 sequence; >> + >> + /* >> + * The protocol for reading Hyper-V TSC page is specified in Hypervisor >> + * Top-Level Functional Specification ver. 3.0 and above. To get the >> + * reference time we must do the following: >> + * - READ ReferenceTscSequence >> + * A special '0' value indicates the time source is unreliable and we >> + * need to use something else. The currently published specification >> + * versions (up to 4.0b) contain a mistake and wrongly claim '-1' >> + * instead of '0' as the special value, see commit c35b82ef0294. >> + * - ReferenceTime = >> + * ((RDTSC() * ReferenceTscScale) >> 64) + ReferenceTscOffset >> + * - READ ReferenceTscSequence again. In case its value has changed >> + * since our first reading we need to discard ReferenceTime and repeat >> + * the whole sequence as the hypervisor was updating the page in >> + * between. >> + */ >> + do { >> + sequence = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_sequence); >> + if (!sequence) >> + return U64_MAX; >> + /* >> + * Make sure we read sequence before we read other values from >> + * TSC page. >> + */ >> + smp_rmb(); >> + >> + scale = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_scale); >> + offset = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_offset); >> + *cur_tsc = rdtsc_ordered(); >> + >> + /* >> + * Make sure we read sequence after we read all other values >> + * from TSC page. >> + */ >> + smp_rmb(); >> + >> + } while (READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_sequence) != sequence); >> + >> + return mul_u64_u64_shr(*cur_tsc, scale, 64) + offset; >> +} >> + >> +static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg) >> +{ >> + u64 cur_tsc; >> + >> + return hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(tsc_pg, &cur_tsc); >> +} >> + >> +#else >> +static inline struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *hv_get_tsc_page(void) >> +{ >> + return NULL; >> +} >> + >> +static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg, >> + u64 *cur_tsc) >> +{ >> + BUG(); >> + return U64_MAX; >> +} >> +#endif >> +#endif >> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv.h >> index cc60e617931c..db095a992f3e 100644 >> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv.h >> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/mshyperv.h >> @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ >> #include <linux/nmi.h> >> #include <asm/io.h> >> #include <asm/hyperv-tlfs.h> >> +#include <asm/mshyperv-tsc.h> >> #include <asm/nospec-branch.h> >> >> #define VP_INVAL U32_MAX >> @@ -387,73 +388,4 @@ static inline int hyperv_flush_guest_mapping_range(u64 as, >> } >> #endif /* CONFIG_HYPERV */ >> >> -#ifdef CONFIG_HYPERV_TSCPAGE >> -struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *hv_get_tsc_page(void); >> -static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg, >> - u64 *cur_tsc) >> -{ >> - u64 scale, offset; >> - u32 sequence; >> - >> - /* >> - * The protocol for reading Hyper-V TSC page is specified in Hypervisor >> - * Top-Level Functional Specification ver. 3.0 and above. To get the >> - * reference time we must do the following: >> - * - READ ReferenceTscSequence >> - * A special '0' value indicates the time source is unreliable and we >> - * need to use something else. The currently published specification >> - * versions (up to 4.0b) contain a mistake and wrongly claim '-1' >> - * instead of '0' as the special value, see commit c35b82ef0294. >> - * - ReferenceTime = >> - * ((RDTSC() * ReferenceTscScale) >> 64) + ReferenceTscOffset >> - * - READ ReferenceTscSequence again. In case its value has changed >> - * since our first reading we need to discard ReferenceTime and repeat >> - * the whole sequence as the hypervisor was updating the page in >> - * between. >> - */ >> - do { >> - sequence = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_sequence); >> - if (!sequence) >> - return U64_MAX; >> - /* >> - * Make sure we read sequence before we read other values from >> - * TSC page. >> - */ >> - smp_rmb(); >> - >> - scale = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_scale); >> - offset = READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_offset); >> - *cur_tsc = rdtsc_ordered(); >> - >> - /* >> - * Make sure we read sequence after we read all other values >> - * from TSC page. >> - */ >> - smp_rmb(); >> - >> - } while (READ_ONCE(tsc_pg->tsc_sequence) != sequence); >> - >> - return mul_u64_u64_shr(*cur_tsc, scale, 64) + offset; >> -} >> - >> -static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg) >> -{ >> - u64 cur_tsc; >> - >> - return hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(tsc_pg, &cur_tsc); >> -} >> - >> -#else >> -static inline struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *hv_get_tsc_page(void) >> -{ >> - return NULL; >> -} >> - >> -static inline u64 hv_read_tsc_page_tsc(const struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_pg, >> - u64 *cur_tsc) >> -{ >> - BUG(); >> - return U64_MAX; >> -} >> -#endif >> #endif > > Vincenzo -- these changes for Hyper-V are a subset of a larger patch set > I have that moves all of the Hyper-V clock/timer code into a separate > clocksource driver in drivers/clocksource, with an include file in > includes/clocksource. That new include file should be able to work > instead of your new mshyperv-tsc.h. It also has the benefit of being > ISA neutral, so it will work with my in-progress patch set to support > Linux on Hyper-V on ARM64. See https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/5/27/231 > for the new clocksource driver patch set. > Thank you for pointing this out, I will rebase my changes on your patches. > Michael > -- Regards, Vincenzo
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2019-06-04 12:13 UTC|newest] Thread overview: 126+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top 2019-05-30 14:15 [PATCH v6 00/19] Unify vDSOs across more architectures vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 01/19] kernel: Standardize vdso_datapage vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-31 8:16 ` arnd 2019-05-31 8:16 ` Arnd Bergmann 2019-06-04 12:05 ` vincenzo.frascino 2019-06-04 12:05 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-10 17:47 ` huw 2019-06-10 17:47 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 17:47 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 9:27 ` huw 2019-06-10 9:27 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 9:27 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 10:17 ` vincenzo.frascino 2019-06-10 10:17 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-10 10:17 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-10 10:31 ` huw 2019-06-10 10:31 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 10:31 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 11:07 ` vincenzo.frascino 2019-06-10 11:07 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-10 11:07 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-10 11:37 ` huw 2019-06-10 11:37 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 11:37 ` Huw Davies 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 02/19] kernel: Define gettimeofday vdso common code vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-31 8:19 ` arnd 2019-05-31 8:19 ` Arnd Bergmann 2019-06-04 12:08 ` vincenzo.frascino 2019-06-04 12:08 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-10 9:31 ` huw 2019-06-10 9:31 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 9:31 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 10:18 ` vincenzo.frascino 2019-06-10 10:18 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-10 10:18 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 03/19] kernel: Unify update_vsyscall implementation vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-10 9:34 ` huw 2019-06-10 9:34 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 9:34 ` Huw Davies 2019-06-10 10:19 ` vincenzo.frascino 2019-06-10 10:19 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-10 10:19 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-14 11:10 ` Thomas Gleixner 2019-06-14 12:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-14 12:19 ` Thomas Gleixner 2019-06-14 12:25 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-14 13:07 ` Thomas Gleixner 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 04/19] arm64: Substitute gettimeofday with C implementation vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 05/19] arm64: Build vDSO with -ffixed-x18 vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 06/19] arm64: compat: Add missing syscall numbers vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 07/19] arm64: compat: Expose signal related structures vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 08/19] arm64: compat: Generate asm offsets for signals vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 09/19] lib: vdso: Add compat support vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 10/19] arm64: compat: Add vDSO vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 11/19] arm64: Refactor vDSO code vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 12/19] arm64: compat: vDSO setup for compat layer vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 13/19] arm64: elf: vDSO code page discovery vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 14/19] arm64: compat: Get sigreturn trampolines from vDSO vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 15/19] arm64: Add vDSO compat support vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-01 9:38 ` catalin.marinas 2019-06-01 9:38 ` Catalin Marinas 2019-06-04 12:10 ` vincenzo.frascino 2019-06-04 12:10 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 16/19] arm: Add support for generic vDSO vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-31 8:32 ` arnd 2019-05-31 8:32 ` Arnd Bergmann 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 17/19] mips: " vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-31 8:34 ` arnd 2019-05-31 8:34 ` Arnd Bergmann 2019-06-03 14:54 ` salyzyn 2019-06-03 14:54 ` Mark Salyzyn 2019-06-03 17:07 ` arnd 2019-06-03 17:07 ` Arnd Bergmann 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 18/19] x86: " vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-30 15:41 ` mikelley 2019-05-30 15:41 ` Michael Kelley 2019-06-04 12:13 ` vincenzo.frascino [this message] 2019-06-04 12:13 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-14 11:15 ` Thomas Gleixner 2019-06-14 21:17 ` Sasha Levin 2019-06-22 14:46 ` Thomas Gleixner 2019-06-23 19:09 ` Sasha Levin 2019-06-23 21:58 ` Stephen Rothwell 2019-06-24 0:24 ` Sasha Levin 2019-06-24 1:20 ` Stephen Rothwell 2019-06-23 22:12 ` Thomas Gleixner 2019-06-24 0:04 ` Michael Kelley 2019-06-24 0:25 ` Thomas Gleixner 2019-06-28 18:40 ` Michael Kelley 2019-05-30 14:15 ` [PATCH v6 19/19] kselftest: Extend vDSO selftest vincenzo.frascino 2019-05-30 14:15 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-05-31 8:53 ` arnd 2019-05-31 8:53 ` Arnd Bergmann 2019-05-31 8:46 ` [PATCH v6 00/19] Unify vDSOs across more architectures arnd 2019-05-31 8:46 ` Arnd Bergmann 2019-06-04 12:04 ` vincenzo.frascino 2019-06-04 12:04 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-04 12:12 ` arnd 2019-06-04 12:12 ` Arnd Bergmann 2019-06-05 14:32 ` vincenzo.frascino 2019-06-05 14:32 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-14 12:16 ` Thomas Gleixner 2019-06-14 12:19 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-20 6:17 ` Shijith Thotton 2019-06-20 8:55 ` Vincenzo Frascino 2019-06-20 16:27 ` Andre Przywara 2019-06-21 9:11 ` Vincenzo Frascino
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