Re: [PATCH V6] PCI: rcar: Add L1 link state fix into data abort hook

["Pali Rohár" <pali@kernel.org>]

On Tuesday 27 July 2021 17:32:12 Lorenzo Pieralisi wrote:
> On Mon, Jul 26, 2021 at 12:49:25PM -0500, Bjorn Helgaas wrote:
> > On Mon, Jul 26, 2021 at 04:47:54PM +0200, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
> > > Hi Bjorn,
> > > 
> > > On Sat, Jul 17, 2021 at 7:33 PM Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org> wrote:
> > > > On Fri, May 14, 2021 at 10:05:49PM +0200, marek.vasut@gmail.com wrote:
> > > > > From: Marek Vasut <marek.vasut+renesas@gmail.com>
> > > > >
> > > > > The R-Car PCIe controller is capable of handling L0s/L1 link states.
> > > > > While the controller can enter and exit L0s link state, and exit L1
> > > > > link state, without any additional action from the driver, to enter
> > > > > L1 link state, the driver must complete the link state transition by
> > > > > issuing additional commands to the controller.
> > > > >
> > > > > The problem is, this transition is not atomic. The controller sets
> > > > > PMEL1RX bit in PMSR register upon reception of PM_ENTER_L1 DLLP from
> > > > > the PCIe card, but then the controller enters some sort of inbetween
> > > > > state. The driver must detect this condition and complete the link
> > > > > state transition, by setting L1IATN bit in PMCTLR and waiting for
> > > > > the link state transition to complete.
> > > > >
> > > > > If a PCIe access happens inside this window, where the controller
> > > > > is between L0 and L1 link states, the access generates a fault and
> > > > > the ARM 'imprecise external abort' handler is invoked.
> > > > >
> > > > > Just like other PCI controller drivers, here we hook the fault handler,
> > > > > perform the fixup to help the controller enter L1 link state, and then
> > > > > restart the instruction which triggered the fault. Since the controller
> > > > > is in L1 link state now, the link can exit from L1 link state to L0 and
> > > > > successfully complete the access.
> > > > >
> > > > > While it was suggested to disable L1 link state support completely on
> > > > > the controller level, this would not prevent the L1 link state entry
> > > > > initiated by the link partner. This happens e.g. in case a PCIe card
> > > > > enters D3Hot state, which could be initiated from pci_set_power_state()
> > > > > if the card indicates D3Hot support, which in turn means link must enter
> > > > > L1 state. So instead, fix up the L1 link state after all.
> > > > >
> > > > > Note that this fixup is applicable only to Aarch32 R-Car controllers,
> > > > > the Aarch64 R-Car perform the same fixup in TFA, see TFA commit [1]
> > > > > 0969397f2 ("rcar_gen3: plat: Prevent PCIe hang during L1X config access")
> > > > > [1] https://github.com/ARM-software/arm-trusted-firmware/commit/0969397f295621aa26b3d14b76dd397d22be58bf
> > > >
> > > > This patch is horribly ugly but it's working around a horrible
> > > > hardware problem, and I don't have any better suggestions, so I guess
> > > > we don't really have much choice.
> > > >
> > > > I do think the commit log is a bit glib:
> > > >
> > > >   - "The R-Car PCIe controller is capable of handling L0s/L1 link
> > > >     states."  AFAICT every PCIe device is required to handle L0 and L1
> > > >     without software assistance.  So saying R-Car is "capable" puts a
> > > >     better face on this than seems warranted.
> > > >
> > > >     L0s doesn't seem relevant at all; at least it doesn't seem to play
> > > >     a role in the patch.  There's no such thing as "returning to L0s"
> > > >     as mentioned in the comment below; L0s is only reachable from L0.
> > > >     Returns from L1 only go to L0 (PCIe r5.0, fig 5-1).
> > > >
> > > >   - "The problem is, this transition is not atomic."  I think the
> > > >     *problem* is the hardware is broken in the first place.  This
> > > >     transition is supposed to be invisible to software.
> > > >
> > > >   - "Just like other PCI controller drivers ..." suggests that this is
> > > >     an ordinary situation that we shouldn't be concerned about.  This
> > > >     patch may be the best we can do to work around a bad hardware
> > > >     defect, but it's definitely not ordinary.
> > > >
> > > >     I think the other hook_fault_code() uses are for reporting
> > > >     legitimate PCIe errors, which most controllers log and turn
> > > >     into ~0 data responses without generating an abort or machine
> > > >     check, not things caused by hardware defects, so they're not
> > > >     really comparable.
> > > >
> > > > Has Renesas documented this as an erratum?  Will future devices
> > > > require additions to rcar_pcie_abort_handler_of_match[]?
> > > >
> > > > It'd be nice if the commit log mentioned the user-visible effect of
> > > > this problem.  I guess it does mention external aborts -- I assume you
> > > > see those when downstream devices go to D3hot or when ASPM puts the
> > > > link in L1?  And the abort results in a reboot?
> > > >
> > > > To be clear, I'm not objecting to the patch.  It's a hardware problem
> > > > and we should work around it as best we can.
> > > 
> > > Cool! So what's missing for this patch, which we have been polishing
> > > for almost one year, to be applied, so innocent people can no longer
> > > lock up an R-Car system just by inserting an ubiquitous Intel Ethernet
> > > card, and suspending the system?
> > 
> > Nothing missing from my point of view, so if Lorenzo is OK with it,
> > he'll apply it.
> 
> I will apply it at some point for v5.15 - there is still some details I
> would like to investigate (disclaimer: I am not picking on this
> particular patch - it is just a really thorny issue and I want to
> understand what's the best way forward); I will update the patch and log
> accordingly, no need for a v7 (which I can post myself publicly so that
> you can have a look before I merge it).
> 
> > If I were applying it, I would make the commit log
> > something like this:
> 
> I will do it myself, see above.
> 
> >   When the link is in L1, hardware should return it to L0
> >   automatically whenever a transaction targets a component on the
> >   other end of the link (PCIe r5.0, sec 5.2).
> > 
> >   The R-Car PCIe controller doesn't handle this transition correctly.
> >   If the link is not in L0, an MMIO transaction targeting a downstream
> >   device fails, and the controller reports an ARM imprecise external
> >   abort.
> > 
> >   Work around this by hooking the abort handler so the driver can
> >   detect this situation and help the hardware complete the link state
> >   transition.
> > 
> >   When the R-Car controller receives a PM_ENTER_L1 DLLP from the
> >   downstream component, it sets PMEL1RX bit in PMSR register, but then
> >   the controller enters some sort of in-between state.  A subsequent
> >   MMIO transaction will fail, resulting in the external abort.  The
> >   abort handler detects this condition and completes the link state
> >   transition by setting the L1IATN bit in PMCTLR and waiting for the
> >   link state transition to complete.
> > 
> > I assume that on the PCIe side, there must be an error like
> > Unsupported Request or Malformed TLP, and the R-Car controller is
> > logging that and turning it into the ARM external abort?
> > 
> > I didn't see a clear response to Pali's question about what happens if
> > there's no MMIO access, e.g., what if the downstream device initiates
> > a DMA or MSI transaction?
> 
> It'd be great if I could update the log with these questions answered -
> along with others Pali asked [1] and that are very relevant.
> 
> Thanks,
> Lorenzo
> 
> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pci/20210719172340.vvtnddbli2vgxndi@pali

And also there is still unanswered question what happens with MMIO
during non-L* states (e.g. Hot Reset, Detect, Polling)?
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pci/20210722203151.heytxzup2uti4noi@pali/