* [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile @ 2012-04-24 19:41 Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:42 ` [PATCH 1/4] kbuild: drop unused KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS from " Sam Ravnborg ` (5 more replies) 0 siblings, 6 replies; 12+ messages in thread From: Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-24 19:41 UTC (permalink / raw) To: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek Cc: Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Linus Torvalds The following patchset moves all the magic used to deal with the final link of vmlinux from the top-level Makefile to a shell script. The main motivation was to convert the almost unreadable mess in the top-level Makefile to an easy to read/maintain shell script. The final link stages are serialized anyway - so there were nothing gained by using the Makefile logic to handle this. What we gain: - A readable final link of vmlinux - Less junk in the top-level Makefile What we loose by the conversion: - We no longer rebuild if options to ld changes. - We no logner rebuild if one of the .tmp_kallsyms files are deleted. - We no longer rebuild if vmlinux.o is deleted None of the above cases are hit by a typical kernel developer so the drawbacks are acceptable. I had to implement special handling of um in the link-vmlinux script. It is not pretty by any means, but I could not come up with something better. My previous attempts to use ld for um linking has failed, so this kludge was introduced. There is no outstanding issues to my knowledge, and the patchset is ready to be applied. I assume this should go in via the kbuild#misc tree. Sam Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt | 15 +++ Makefile | 213 ++------------------------------------ arch/sparc/Makefile | 11 -- arch/sparc/boot/Makefile | 14 ++- arch/um/Makefile | 11 +-- scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 204 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 files changed, 242 insertions(+), 226 deletions(-) Sam Ravnborg (4): kbuild: drop unused KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS from top-level Makefile kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script kbuild: document KBUILD_LDS, KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT and KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 1/4] kbuild: drop unused KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS from top-level Makefile 2012-04-24 19:41 [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-24 19:42 ` Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:43 ` [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 Sam Ravnborg ` (4 subsequent siblings) 5 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread From: Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-24 19:42 UTC (permalink / raw) To: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek Cc: Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Linus Torvalds >From a5fa412754aef31d590f805049fd8e25857b1802 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Date: Mon, 23 Apr 2012 18:52:39 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 1/4] kbuild: drop unused KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS from top-level Makefile Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> --- Makefile | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index f6578f4..287aee4 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -758,7 +758,6 @@ vmlinux-init := $(head-y) $(init-y) vmlinux-main := $(core-y) $(libs-y) $(drivers-y) $(net-y) vmlinux-all := $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) vmlinux-lds := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds -export KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS := $(vmlinux-all) # Rule to link vmlinux - also used during CONFIG_KALLSYMS # May be overridden by arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile -- 1.7.10 ^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 2012-04-24 19:41 [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:42 ` [PATCH 1/4] kbuild: drop unused KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS from " Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-24 19:43 ` Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:44 ` [PATCH 3/4] kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script Sam Ravnborg ` (3 subsequent siblings) 5 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread From: Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-24 19:43 UTC (permalink / raw) To: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek Cc: Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Linus Torvalds >From 8716c7f473ec65c57811bb21095354b813b48898 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Date: Mon, 23 Apr 2012 20:29:07 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 sparc32 uses an additional final link to support btfix. Introduce a new set of exported variables in the top-level Makefile to make the extra linking step simpler. sparc32 have hardcoded knowledge of kallsyms support. This fix include support for EXTRA_KALLSYM_PASS=1. The ugly part is that it is hardcoded in the arch/sparc/boot Makefile. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> --- Makefile | 5 +++++ arch/sparc/Makefile | 11 ----------- arch/sparc/boot/Makefile | 14 +++++++++----- 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 287aee4..00bf5b1 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -727,6 +727,11 @@ libs-y1 := $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y)) libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(libs-y)) libs-y := $(libs-y1) $(libs-y2) +# externally visible symbols +export KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT := $(head-y) $(init-y) +export KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN := $(core-y) $(libs-y) $(drivers-y) $(net-y) +export KBUILD_LDS := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds + # Build vmlinux # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # vmlinux is built from the objects selected by $(vmlinux-init) and diff --git a/arch/sparc/Makefile b/arch/sparc/Makefile index eddcfb3..3195f77 100644 --- a/arch/sparc/Makefile +++ b/arch/sparc/Makefile @@ -72,17 +72,6 @@ libs-y += arch/sparc/lib/ drivers-$(CONFIG_OPROFILE) += arch/sparc/oprofile/ -# Export what is needed by arch/sparc/boot/Makefile -export VMLINUX_INIT VMLINUX_MAIN -VMLINUX_INIT := $(head-y) $(init-y) -VMLINUX_MAIN := $(core-y) kernel/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/ -VMLINUX_MAIN += $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y)) $(libs-y) -VMLINUX_MAIN += $(drivers-y) $(net-y) - -ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS -export kallsyms.o := .tmp_kallsyms2.o -endif - boot := arch/sparc/boot # Default target diff --git a/arch/sparc/boot/Makefile b/arch/sparc/boot/Makefile index d56d199..78f1994 100644 --- a/arch/sparc/boot/Makefile +++ b/arch/sparc/boot/Makefile @@ -39,11 +39,15 @@ define rule_image echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_image)' > $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd endef -BTOBJS := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(VMLINUX_INIT)) -BTLIBS := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(VMLINUX_MAIN)) -LDFLAGS_image := -T arch/sparc/kernel/vmlinux.lds $(BTOBJS) \ - --start-group $(BTLIBS) --end-group \ - $(kallsyms.o) $(obj)/btfix.o +# Support for kallsyms +kallsyms-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS) := .tmp_kallsyms2.o +ifdef KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS + kallsyms-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS) := .tmp_kallsyms3.o +endif + +LDFLAGS_image := -T $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT) \ + --start-group $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN) --end-group \ + $(kallsyms-y) $(obj)/btfix.o # Link the final image including btfixup'ed symbols. # This is a replacement for the link done in the top-level Makefile. -- 1.7.10 ^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/4] kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script 2012-04-24 19:41 [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:42 ` [PATCH 1/4] kbuild: drop unused KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS from " Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:43 ` [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-24 19:44 ` Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-25 14:24 ` Nick Bowler 2012-04-24 19:45 ` [PATCH 4/4] kbuild: document KBUILD_LDS, KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT and KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN Sam Ravnborg ` (2 subsequent siblings) 5 siblings, 1 reply; 12+ messages in thread From: Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-24 19:44 UTC (permalink / raw) To: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek Cc: Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Linus Torvalds >From 988727cf128a7439b28ddbbee11ee068d007cb00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Date: Mon, 23 Apr 2012 22:55:04 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 3/4] kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script Move the final link of vmlinux to a script to improve readability and maintainability of the code. The Makefil fragments used to link vmlinux has over the years seen far too much changes and the logic was very hard to follow. As the process by nature is serialized there was nothing gained including this in the Makefile. "um" has special link requirments - and the only was to handle this was to hard-code the linking of "um" in the script. This was better than trying to modularize it only for the benefit of "um" anyway. The shell script has been improved after input from: Arnaud Lacombe <lacombar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Arnaud Lacombe <lacombar@gmail.com> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> --- Makefile | 211 ++--------------------------------------------- arch/um/Makefile | 11 +-- scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 204 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 215 insertions(+), 211 deletions(-) create mode 100644 scripts/link-vmlinux.sh diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 00bf5b1..9cbf8bd 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -341,7 +341,6 @@ AWK = awk GENKSYMS = scripts/genksyms/genksyms INSTALLKERNEL := installkernel DEPMOD = /sbin/depmod -KALLSYMS = scripts/kallsyms PERL = perl CHECK = sparse @@ -727,191 +726,18 @@ libs-y1 := $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y)) libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(libs-y)) libs-y := $(libs-y1) $(libs-y2) -# externally visible symbols +# Externally visible symbols (used by link-vmlinux.sh) export KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT := $(head-y) $(init-y) export KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN := $(core-y) $(libs-y) $(drivers-y) $(net-y) export KBUILD_LDS := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds +export LDFLAGS_vmlinux -# Build vmlinux -# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# vmlinux is built from the objects selected by $(vmlinux-init) and -# $(vmlinux-main). Most are built-in.o files from top-level directories -# in the kernel tree, others are specified in arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile. -# Ordering when linking is important, and $(vmlinux-init) must be first. -# -# vmlinux -# ^ -# | -# +-< $(vmlinux-init) -# | +--< init/version.o + more -# | -# +--< $(vmlinux-main) -# | +--< driver/built-in.o mm/built-in.o + more -# | -# +-< kallsyms.o (see description in CONFIG_KALLSYMS section) -# -# vmlinux version (uname -v) cannot be updated during normal -# descending-into-subdirs phase since we do not yet know if we need to -# update vmlinux. -# Therefore this step is delayed until just before final link of vmlinux - -# except in the kallsyms case where it is done just before adding the -# symbols to the kernel. -# -# System.map is generated to document addresses of all kernel symbols - -vmlinux-init := $(head-y) $(init-y) -vmlinux-main := $(core-y) $(libs-y) $(drivers-y) $(net-y) -vmlinux-all := $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) -vmlinux-lds := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds - -# Rule to link vmlinux - also used during CONFIG_KALLSYMS -# May be overridden by arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile -quiet_cmd_vmlinux__ ?= LD $@ - cmd_vmlinux__ ?= $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_vmlinux) -o $@ \ - -T $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) \ - --start-group $(vmlinux-main) --end-group \ - $(filter-out $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) vmlinux.o FORCE ,$^) - -# Generate new vmlinux version -quiet_cmd_vmlinux_version = GEN .version - cmd_vmlinux_version = set -e; \ - if [ ! -r .version ]; then \ - rm -f .version; \ - echo 1 >.version; \ - else \ - mv .version .old_version; \ - expr 0$$(cat .old_version) + 1 >.version; \ - fi; \ - $(MAKE) $(build)=init - -# Generate System.map -quiet_cmd_sysmap = SYSMAP - cmd_sysmap = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mksysmap - -# Link of vmlinux -# If CONFIG_KALLSYMS is set .version is already updated -# Generate System.map and verify that the content is consistent -# Use + in front of the vmlinux_version rule to silent warning with make -j2 -# First command is ':' to allow us to use + in front of the rule -define rule_vmlinux__ - : - $(if $(CONFIG_KALLSYMS),,+$(call cmd,vmlinux_version)) - - $(call cmd,vmlinux__) - $(Q)echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_vmlinux__)' > $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd - - $(Q)$(if $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap), \ - echo ' $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap) System.map' &&) \ - $(cmd_sysmap) $@ System.map; \ - if [ $$? -ne 0 ]; then \ - rm -f $@; \ - /bin/false; \ - fi; - $(verify_kallsyms) -endef - - -ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS -# Generate section listing all symbols and add it into vmlinux $(kallsyms.o) -# It's a three stage process: -# o .tmp_vmlinux1 has all symbols and sections, but __kallsyms is -# empty -# Running kallsyms on that gives us .tmp_kallsyms1.o with -# the right size - vmlinux version (uname -v) is updated during this step -# o .tmp_vmlinux2 now has a __kallsyms section of the right size, -# but due to the added section, some addresses have shifted. -# From here, we generate a correct .tmp_kallsyms2.o -# o The correct .tmp_kallsyms2.o is linked into the final vmlinux. -# o Verify that the System.map from vmlinux matches the map from -# .tmp_vmlinux2, just in case we did not generate kallsyms correctly. -# o If 'make KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS=1" was used, do an extra pass using -# .tmp_vmlinux3 and .tmp_kallsyms3.o. This is only meant as a -# temporary bypass to allow the kernel to be built while the -# maintainers work out what went wrong with kallsyms. - -last_kallsyms := 2 - -ifdef KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS -ifneq ($(KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS),0) -last_kallsyms := 3 -endif -endif - -kallsyms.o := .tmp_kallsyms$(last_kallsyms).o - -define verify_kallsyms - $(Q)$(if $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap), \ - echo ' $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap) .tmp_System.map' &&) \ - $(cmd_sysmap) .tmp_vmlinux$(last_kallsyms) .tmp_System.map - $(Q)cmp -s System.map .tmp_System.map || \ - (echo Inconsistent kallsyms data; \ - echo This is a bug - please report about it; \ - echo Try "make KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS=1" as a workaround; \ - rm .tmp_kallsyms* ; /bin/false ) -endef - -# Update vmlinux version before link -# Use + in front of this rule to silent warning about make -j1 -# First command is ':' to allow us to use + in front of this rule -cmd_ksym_ld = $(cmd_vmlinux__) -define rule_ksym_ld - : - +$(call cmd,vmlinux_version) - $(call cmd,vmlinux__) - $(Q)echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_vmlinux__)' > $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd -endef - -# Generate .S file with all kernel symbols -quiet_cmd_kallsyms = KSYM $@ - cmd_kallsyms = $(NM) -n $< | $(KALLSYMS) \ - $(if $(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL),--all-symbols) > $@ - -.tmp_kallsyms1.o .tmp_kallsyms2.o .tmp_kallsyms3.o: %.o: %.S scripts FORCE - $(call if_changed_dep,as_o_S) - -.tmp_kallsyms%.S: .tmp_vmlinux% $(KALLSYMS) - $(call cmd,kallsyms) +vmlinux-deps := $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN) -# .tmp_vmlinux1 must be complete except kallsyms, so update vmlinux version -.tmp_vmlinux1: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-all) FORCE - $(call if_changed_rule,ksym_ld) - -.tmp_vmlinux2: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-all) .tmp_kallsyms1.o FORCE - $(call if_changed,vmlinux__) - -.tmp_vmlinux3: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-all) .tmp_kallsyms2.o FORCE - $(call if_changed,vmlinux__) - -# Needs to visit scripts/ before $(KALLSYMS) can be used. -$(KALLSYMS): scripts ; - -# Generate some data for debugging strange kallsyms problems -debug_kallsyms: .tmp_map$(last_kallsyms) - -.tmp_map%: .tmp_vmlinux% FORCE - ($(OBJDUMP) -h $< | $(AWK) '/^ +[0-9]/{print $$4 " 0 " $$2}'; $(NM) $<) | sort > $@ - -.tmp_map3: .tmp_map2 - -.tmp_map2: .tmp_map1 - -endif # ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS - -# Do modpost on a prelinked vmlinux. The finally linked vmlinux has -# relevant sections renamed as per the linker script. -quiet_cmd_vmlinux-modpost = LD $@ - cmd_vmlinux-modpost = $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -r -o $@ \ - $(vmlinux-init) --start-group $(vmlinux-main) --end-group \ - $(filter-out $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) FORCE ,$^) -define rule_vmlinux-modpost - : - +$(call cmd,vmlinux-modpost) - $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost $@ - $(Q)echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_vmlinux-modpost)' > $(dot-target).cmd -endef - -# vmlinux image - including updated kernel symbols -vmlinux: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) vmlinux.o $(kallsyms.o) FORCE +# Final link of vmlinux +# Include targets which we want to +# execute if the rest of the kernel build went well. +vmlinux: scripts/link-vmlinux.sh $(vmlinux-deps) ifdef CONFIG_HEADERS_CHECK $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile headers_check endif @@ -921,22 +747,11 @@ endif ifdef CONFIG_BUILD_DOCSRC $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=Documentation endif - $(call vmlinux-modpost) - $(call if_changed_rule,vmlinux__) - $(Q)rm -f .old_version - -# build vmlinux.o first to catch section mismatch errors early -ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS -.tmp_vmlinux1: vmlinux.o -endif - -modpost-init := $(filter-out init/built-in.o, $(vmlinux-init)) -vmlinux.o: $(modpost-init) $(vmlinux-main) FORCE - $(call if_changed_rule,vmlinux-modpost) + +$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $< # The actual objects are generated when descending, # make sure no implicit rule kicks in -$(sort $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main)) $(vmlinux-lds): $(vmlinux-dirs) ; +$(sort $(vmlinux-deps)): $(vmlinux-dirs) ; # Handle descending into subdirectories listed in $(vmlinux-dirs) # Preset locale variables to speed up the build process. Limit locale @@ -1540,14 +1355,6 @@ quiet_cmd_depmod = DEPMOD $(KERNELRELEASE) cmd_crmodverdir = $(Q)mkdir -p $(MODVERDIR) \ $(if $(KBUILD_MODULES),; rm -f $(MODVERDIR)/*) -a_flags = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(KBUILD_AFLAGS) $(AFLAGS_KERNEL) \ - $(KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL) \ - $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE) $(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) \ - $(modkern_aflags) $(EXTRA_AFLAGS) $(AFLAGS_$(basetarget).o) - -quiet_cmd_as_o_S = AS $@ -cmd_as_o_S = $(CC) $(a_flags) -c -o $@ $< - # read all saved command lines targets := $(wildcard $(sort $(targets))) diff --git a/arch/um/Makefile b/arch/um/Makefile index 55c0661..0970910 100644 --- a/arch/um/Makefile +++ b/arch/um/Makefile @@ -121,15 +121,8 @@ LINK_WRAPS = -Wl,--wrap,malloc -Wl,--wrap,free -Wl,--wrap,calloc LD_FLAGS_CMDLINE = $(foreach opt,$(LDFLAGS),-Wl,$(opt)) -CFLAGS_vmlinux := $(LINK-y) $(LINK_WRAPS) $(LD_FLAGS_CMDLINE) -define cmd_vmlinux__ - $(CC) $(CFLAGS_vmlinux) -o $@ \ - -Wl,-T,$(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) \ - -Wl,--start-group $(vmlinux-main) -Wl,--end-group \ - -lutil \ - $(filter-out $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) vmlinux.o \ - FORCE ,$^) ; rm -f linux -endef +# Used by link-vmlinux.sh which has special support for um link +export CFLAGS_vmlinux := $(LINK-y) $(LINK_WRAPS) $(LD_FLAGS_CMDLINE) # When cleaning we don't include .config, so we don't include # TT or skas makefiles and don't clean skas_ptregs.h. diff --git a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afd0b96 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh @@ -0,0 +1,204 @@ +#!/bin/sh +# +# link vmlinux +# +# vmlinux is linked from the objects selected by $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT) and +# $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN). Most are built-in.o files from top-level directories +# in the kernel tree, others are specified in arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile. +# Ordering when linking is important, and $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT) must be first. +# +# vmlinux +# ^ +# | +# +-< $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT) +# | +--< init/version.o + more +# | +# +--< $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN) +# | +--< drivers/built-in.o mm/built-in.o + more +# | +# +-< ${kallsymso} (see description in KALLSYMS section) +# +# vmlinux version (uname -v) cannot be updated during normal +# descending-into-subdirs phase since we do not yet know if we need to +# update vmlinux. +# Therefore this step is delayed until just before final link of vmlinux. +# +# System.map is generated to document addresses of all kernel symbols + +# We need access to CONFIG_ symbols +source ./.config + +# Error out on error +set -e + +# Nice output in kbuild format +# Will be supressed by "make -s" +info() +{ + if [ "${quiet}" != "silent_" ]; then + printf " %-7s %s\n" ${1} ${2} + fi +} + +# Link of vmlinux.o used for section mismatch analysis +# ${1} output file +modpost_link() +{ + ${LD} ${LDFLAGS} -r -o ${1} ${KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT} \ + --start-group ${KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN} --end-group +} + +# Link of vmlinux +# ${1} - optional extra .o files +# ${2} - output file +vmlinux_link() +{ + local lds="${objtree}/${KBUILD_LDS}" + + if [ "${SRCARCH}" != "um" ]; then + ${LD} ${LDFLAGS} ${LDFLAGS_vmlinux} -o ${2} \ + -T ${lds} ${KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT} \ + --start-group ${KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN} --end-group ${1} + else + ${CC} ${CFLAGS_vmlinux} -o ${2} \ + -Wl,-T,${lds} ${KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT} \ + -Wl,--start-group \ + ${KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN} \ + -Wl,--end-group \ + -lutil ${1} + rm -f linux + fi +} + + +# Create ${2} .o file with all symbols from the ${1} object file +kallsyms() +{ + info KSYM ${2} + local kallsymopt; + + if [ -n "${CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL}" ]; then + kallsymopt=--all-symbols + fi + + local aflags="${KBUILD_AFLAGS} ${NOSTDINC_FLAGS} \ + ${LINUXINCLUDE} ${KBUILD_CPPFLAGS}" + + ${NM} -n ${1} | \ + scripts/kallsyms ${kallsymopt} | \ + ${CC} ${aflags} -c -o ${2} -x assembler-with-cpp - +} + +# Create map file with all symbols from ${1} +# See mksymap for additional details +mksysmap() +{ + ${CONFIG_SHELL} "${srctree}/scripts/mksysmap" ${1} ${2} +} + +# Delete output files in case of error +trap cleanup SIGHUP SIGINT SIGQUIT SIGTERM ERR +cleanup() +{ + rm -f vmlinux.o + rm -f .old_version + rm -f .tmp_vmlinux* + rm -f .tmp_kallsyms* + rm -f vmlinux + rm -f .tmp_System.map + rm -f System.map +} + +# +# +# Use "make V=1" to debug this script +case "${KBUILD_VERBOSE}" in +*1*) + set -x + ;; +esac + +#link vmlinux.o +info LD vmlinux.o +modpost_link vmlinux.o + +# modpost vmlinux.o to check for section mismatches +${MAKE} -f "${srctree}/scripts/Makefile.modpost" vmlinux.o + +# Update version +info GEN .version +if [ ! -r .version ]; then + rm -f .version; + echo 1 >.version; +else + mv .version .old_version; + expr 0$(cat .old_version) + 1 >.version; +fi; + +# final build of init/ +${MAKE} -f "${srctree}/scripts/Makefile.build" obj=init + +kallsymso="" +kallsyms_vmlinux="" +if [ -n "${CONFIG_KALLSYMS}" ]; then + + # kallsyms support + # Generate section listing all symbols and add it into vmlinux + # It's a three step process: + # 1) Link .tmp_vmlinux1 so it has all symbols and sections, + # but __kallsyms is empty. + # Running kallsyms on that gives us .tmp_kallsyms1.o with + # the right size + # 2) Link .tmp_vmlinux2 so it now has a __kallsyms section of + # the right size, but due to the added section, some + # addresses have shifted. + # From here, we generate a correct .tmp_kallsyms2.o + # 2a) We may use an extra pass as this has been necessary to + # woraround some alignment related bugs. + # KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS=1 is used to trigger this. + # 3) The correct ${kallsymso} is linked into the final vmlinux. + # + # a) Verify that the System.map from vmlinux matches the map from + # ${kallsymso}. + + kallsymso=.tmp_kallsyms2.o + kallsyms_vmlinux=.tmp_vmlinux2 + + # step 1 + vmlinux_link "" .tmp_vmlinux1 + kallsyms .tmp_vmlinux1 .tmp_kallsyms1.o + + # step 2 + vmlinux_link .tmp_kallsyms1.o .tmp_vmlinux2 + kallsyms .tmp_vmlinux2 .tmp_kallsyms2.o + + # step 2a + if [ -n "${KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS}" ]; then + kallsymso=.tmp_kallsyms3.o + kallsyms_vmlinux=.tmp_vmlinux2 + + vmlinux_link .tmp_kallsyms2.o .tmp_vmlinux3 + + kallsyms .tmp_vmlinux3 .tmp_kallsyms3.o + fi +fi + +vmlinux_link "${kallsymso}" vmlinux + +info SYSMAP System.map +mksysmap vmlinux System.map + +# step a (see comment above) +if [ -n "${CONFIG_KALLSYMS}" ]; then + mksysmap ${kallsyms_vmlinux} .tmp_System.map + + if [ $(cmp -s System.map .tmp_System.map) ]; then + echo Inconsistent kallsyms data + echo echo Try "make KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS=1" as a workaround + cleanup + exit 1 + fi +fi + +# We made a new kernel - delete old version file +rm -f .old_version -- 1.7.10 ^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 3/4] kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script 2012-04-24 19:44 ` [PATCH 3/4] kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-25 14:24 ` Nick Bowler 2012-04-25 16:30 ` Sam Ravnborg 0 siblings, 1 reply; 12+ messages in thread From: Nick Bowler @ 2012-04-25 14:24 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Sam Ravnborg Cc: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek, Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Linus Torvalds Hi Sam, Without actually running it, a few comments on the shell script itself. On 2012-04-24 21:44 +0200, Sam Ravnborg wrote: > +++ b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh [...] > +# We need access to CONFIG_ symbols > +source ./.config source is non-standard and not widely supported. In particular, this will not work on systems using dash for /bin/sh. In this instance, simply replacing source with the portable dot builtin will be exactly equivalent, as in: . ./.config > +# Error out on error > +set -e While a valiant effort, using set -e to handle errors is just asking for surprises down the road. Ignoring the fact that "set -e" has been historically underspecified (and there is thus some variety in how different shells handle it), consider the following: set -e foo() { false echo oops } foo || echo foo failed Because the _call_ to foo appears on the left side of ||, the commands _within_ foo are not subject to the effects of set -e. In bash, the above script therefore prints "oops", and does not normally print "foo failed". > +# Delete output files in case of error > +trap cleanup SIGHUP SIGINT SIGQUIT SIGTERM ERR This is another ksh-ism, which will again fail on systems with /bin/sh being dash. More portable: trap cleanup HUP INT QUIT TERM trap '(exit $?) || cleanup' EXIT However, the Autoconf shell portability manual documents some confusion regarding what $? should be in an exit trap when it is entered by using the exit command: "Bash considers exit to be the last command, while Zsh and Solaris /bin/sh consider that when the trap is run it is still in the exit, hence it is the previous exit status that the trap receives". The manual subsequently recommends that "exit 42" therefore be written as "(exit 42); exit 42". Fortunately, in this script, the only call to exit immediately follows an explicit call to cleanup, so it won't actually matter whether or not the exit trap calls cleanup again. Nevertheless, I cannot reproduce the described trap behaviour with current versions of Zsh, so maybe all this information is out of date. That being said ... > +cleanup() > +{ > + rm -f vmlinux.o > + rm -f .old_version > + rm -f .tmp_vmlinux* > + rm -f .tmp_kallsyms* > + rm -f vmlinux > + rm -f .tmp_System.map > + rm -f System.map > +} ... this whole ad-hoc cleanup mechanism looks prone to failure. Basically, if something goes really wrong and files get left behind, a subsequent "make" is going to see up-to-date files and proceed with garbage. A more robust approach is, for filenames used in the Makefile, to output to "dummy" files (e.g., write to vmlinux.tmp). Only after everything was successful (either at the very end of the script or in the makefile rule which calls it), rename the dummy files to their actual filename. That way, the cleanup becomes "best effort" and, from a build correctness point of view, won't matter if it misses removing files for whatever reason. [...] > +# step a (see comment above) > +if [ -n "${CONFIG_KALLSYMS}" ]; then > + mksysmap ${kallsyms_vmlinux} .tmp_System.map > + > + if [ $(cmp -s System.map .tmp_System.map) ]; then This test is wrong: it is passing the output of cmp to the [ builtin. Aside from not being properly quoted (so the output of cmp is subject to word splitting, which will make [ unhappy if it actually happens), you've asked cmp to produce no output by giving it the -s option so this test will always be false. Presumably this should be: if ! cmp -s System.map .tmp_System.map; then which actually tests the exit status of cmp instead of its output, and executes the branch if cmp failed. (Aside: some older shells don't support the "if ! cmd; then stuff; fi" pattern, so you sometimes see it written as: "if cmd; then :; else stuff; fi". We probably don't care too much about such shells here). > + echo Inconsistent kallsyms data > + echo echo Try "make KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS=1" as a workaround > + cleanup > + exit 1 > + fi > +fi Cheers, -- Nick Bowler, Elliptic Technologies (http://www.elliptictech.com/) ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 3/4] kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script 2012-04-25 14:24 ` Nick Bowler @ 2012-04-25 16:30 ` Sam Ravnborg 0 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread From: Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-25 16:30 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Nick Bowler Cc: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek, Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Linus Torvalds On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 10:24:52AM -0400, Nick Bowler wrote: > Hi Sam, > > Without actually running it, a few comments on the shell script itself. Thanks for a detailed review. I will address it all or let you know if I fail to address some part of it. Sam ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 4/4] kbuild: document KBUILD_LDS, KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT and KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN 2012-04-24 19:41 [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Sam Ravnborg ` (2 preceding siblings ...) 2012-04-24 19:44 ` [PATCH 3/4] kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-24 19:45 ` Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-25 10:01 ` [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Andi Kleen 2012-04-25 10:02 ` Andi Kleen 5 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread From: Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-24 19:45 UTC (permalink / raw) To: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek Cc: Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Linus Torvalds >From 8e5298ec2fd86f90ce55503b02ccb67c30677611 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Date: Mon, 23 Apr 2012 23:06:25 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 4/4] kbuild: document KBUILD_LDS, KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT and KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> --- Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt | 15 +++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+) diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt index 68e32bb..47038a2 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt @@ -214,3 +214,18 @@ KBUILD_BUILD_USER, KBUILD_BUILD_HOST These two variables allow to override the user@host string displayed during boot and in /proc/version. The default value is the output of the commands whoami and host, respectively. + +KBUILD_LDS +-------------------------------------------------- +The linker script with full path. Assigned by the top-level Makefile. + +KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT +-------------------------------------------------- +All objects files for the init (first) part of vmlinux. +Files specified with KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT are linked first. + +KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN +-------------------------------------------------- +All objects files for the main part of vmlinux. +KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT and KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN together specify +all the object files used to link vmlinux. -- 1.7.10 ^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile 2012-04-24 19:41 [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Sam Ravnborg ` (3 preceding siblings ...) 2012-04-24 19:45 ` [PATCH 4/4] kbuild: document KBUILD_LDS, KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT and KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-25 10:01 ` Andi Kleen 2012-04-25 10:02 ` Andi Kleen 5 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread From: Andi Kleen @ 2012-04-25 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw) Cc: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek, Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Linus Torvalds Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> writes: > > What we loose by the conversion: > - We no longer rebuild if options to ld changes. I think that's a problem. Can that be fixed somehow? -Andi -- ak@linux.intel.com -- Speaking for myself only ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile 2012-04-24 19:41 [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Sam Ravnborg ` (4 preceding siblings ...) 2012-04-25 10:01 ` [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Andi Kleen @ 2012-04-25 10:02 ` Andi Kleen 2012-04-25 16:29 ` Sam Ravnborg 5 siblings, 1 reply; 12+ messages in thread From: Andi Kleen @ 2012-04-25 10:02 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Sam Ravnborg; +Cc: lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> writes: > > What we loose by the conversion: > - We no longer rebuild if options to ld changes. I think that's a problem. Can that be fixed somehow? -Andi -- ak@linux.intel.com -- Speaking for myself only ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile 2012-04-25 10:02 ` Andi Kleen @ 2012-04-25 16:29 ` Sam Ravnborg 0 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread From: Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-25 16:29 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Andi Kleen; +Cc: lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 03:02:27AM -0700, Andi Kleen wrote: > Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> writes: > > > > What we loose by the conversion: > > - We no longer rebuild if options to ld changes. > > I think that's a problem. Can that be fixed somehow? Thanks for the feedback, I will implement this and and repost. Sam ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v2 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile @ 2012-04-28 20:56 Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-28 20:58 ` [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 Sam Ravnborg 0 siblings, 1 reply; 12+ messages in thread From: Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-28 20:56 UTC (permalink / raw) To: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek Cc: Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Andi Kleen The following patchset moves all the magic used to deal with the final link of vmlinux from the top-level Makefile to a shell script. The main motivation was to convert the almost unreadable mess in the top-level Makefile to an easy to read/maintain shell script. The final link stages are serialized anyway - so there where nothing gained by using the Makefile logic to handle this. What we gain: - A readable final link of vmlinux - Less junk in the top-level Makefile What we loose by the conversion: - We no logner rebuild if one of the .tmp_kallsyms files are deleted. - We no longer rebuild if vmlinux.o is deleted None of the above cases are hit by a typical kernel developer so the drawbacks are acceptable. I had to implement special handling of um in the link-vmlinux script. It is not pretty by any means, but I could not come up with something better. My previous attempts to use ld for um linking has failed, so this kludge was introduced. There is no outstanding issues to my knowledge, and the patchset is ready to be applied. I assume this should go in via the kbuild#misc tree. v2: - rebuild if options to ld changes (Andi Kleen) - shell script improvements from Nick Bowler - clean target calls script to clean up after link - include documentation of LDFLAGS_vmlinux Sam Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt | 19 +++++ Makefile | 217 ++++---------------------------------------------- arch/sparc/Makefile | 11 --- arch/sparc/boot/Makefile | 14 ++-- arch/um/Makefile | 11 +-- scripts/link-vmlinux.sh | 211 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 files changed, 256 insertions(+), 227 deletions(-) Sam Ravnborg (4): kbuild: drop unused KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS from top-level Makefile kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script kbuild: document KBUILD_LDS, KBUILD_VMLINUX_{INIT,MAIN} and LDFLAGS_vmlinux ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 2012-04-28 20:56 [PATCH v2 " Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-28 20:58 ` Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-29 8:27 ` Geert Uytterhoeven 0 siblings, 1 reply; 12+ messages in thread From: Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-28 20:58 UTC (permalink / raw) To: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek Cc: Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Andi Kleen >From 8716c7f473ec65c57811bb21095354b813b48898 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Date: Mon, 23 Apr 2012 20:29:07 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 sparc32 uses an additional final link to support btfix. Introduce a new set of exported variables in the top-level Makefile to make the extra linking step simpler. sparc32 have hardcoded knowledge of kallsyms support. This fix include support for EXTRA_KALLSYM_PASS=1. The ugly part is that it is hardcoded in the arch/sparc/boot Makefile. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> --- Makefile | 5 +++++ arch/sparc/Makefile | 11 ----------- arch/sparc/boot/Makefile | 14 +++++++++----- 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 287aee4..00bf5b1 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -727,6 +727,11 @@ libs-y1 := $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y)) libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(libs-y)) libs-y := $(libs-y1) $(libs-y2) +# externally visible symbols +export KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT := $(head-y) $(init-y) +export KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN := $(core-y) $(libs-y) $(drivers-y) $(net-y) +export KBUILD_LDS := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds + # Build vmlinux # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # vmlinux is built from the objects selected by $(vmlinux-init) and diff --git a/arch/sparc/Makefile b/arch/sparc/Makefile index eddcfb3..3195f77 100644 --- a/arch/sparc/Makefile +++ b/arch/sparc/Makefile @@ -72,17 +72,6 @@ libs-y += arch/sparc/lib/ drivers-$(CONFIG_OPROFILE) += arch/sparc/oprofile/ -# Export what is needed by arch/sparc/boot/Makefile -export VMLINUX_INIT VMLINUX_MAIN -VMLINUX_INIT := $(head-y) $(init-y) -VMLINUX_MAIN := $(core-y) kernel/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/ -VMLINUX_MAIN += $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y)) $(libs-y) -VMLINUX_MAIN += $(drivers-y) $(net-y) - -ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS -export kallsyms.o := .tmp_kallsyms2.o -endif - boot := arch/sparc/boot # Default target diff --git a/arch/sparc/boot/Makefile b/arch/sparc/boot/Makefile index d56d199..78f1994 100644 --- a/arch/sparc/boot/Makefile +++ b/arch/sparc/boot/Makefile @@ -39,11 +39,15 @@ define rule_image echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_image)' > $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd endef -BTOBJS := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(VMLINUX_INIT)) -BTLIBS := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(VMLINUX_MAIN)) -LDFLAGS_image := -T arch/sparc/kernel/vmlinux.lds $(BTOBJS) \ - --start-group $(BTLIBS) --end-group \ - $(kallsyms.o) $(obj)/btfix.o +# Support for kallsyms +kallsyms-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS) := .tmp_kallsyms2.o +ifdef KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS + kallsyms-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS) := .tmp_kallsyms3.o +endif + +LDFLAGS_image := -T $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT) \ + --start-group $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN) --end-group \ + $(kallsyms-y) $(obj)/btfix.o # Link the final image including btfixup'ed symbols. # This is a replacement for the link done in the top-level Makefile. -- 1.7.10 ^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 2012-04-28 20:58 ` [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 Sam Ravnborg @ 2012-04-29 8:27 ` Geert Uytterhoeven 0 siblings, 0 replies; 12+ messages in thread From: Geert Uytterhoeven @ 2012-04-29 8:27 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Sam Ravnborg Cc: linux arch, lkml, linux-kbuild, Michal Marek, Richard Weinberger, David S. Miller, Arnaud Lacombe, Andi Kleen On Sat, Apr 28, 2012 at 22:58, Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> wrote: > sparc32 have hardcoded knowledge of kallsyms support. This fix sparc32 has ... Gr{oetje,eeting}s, Geert -- Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert@linux-m68k.org In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that. -- Linus Torvalds ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 12+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2012-04-29 8:27 UTC | newest] Thread overview: 12+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed) -- links below jump to the message on this page -- 2012-04-24 19:41 [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:42 ` [PATCH 1/4] kbuild: drop unused KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS from " Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:43 ` [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:44 ` [PATCH 3/4] kbuild: link of vmlinux moved to a script Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-25 14:24 ` Nick Bowler 2012-04-25 16:30 ` Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-24 19:45 ` [PATCH 4/4] kbuild: document KBUILD_LDS, KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT and KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-25 10:01 ` [PATCH 0/4] kbuild: Move vmlinux link out of top-level Makefile Andi Kleen 2012-04-25 10:02 ` Andi Kleen 2012-04-25 16:29 ` Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-28 20:56 [PATCH v2 " Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-28 20:58 ` [PATCH 2/4] kbuild: refactor final link of sparc32 Sam Ravnborg 2012-04-29 8:27 ` Geert Uytterhoeven
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