* support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems
@ 2021-06-17 15:36 Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-17 15:36 ` [PATCH 1/2] init: split get_fs_names Christoph Hellwig
` (2 more replies)
0 siblings, 3 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Christoph Hellwig @ 2021-06-17 15:36 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: viro; +Cc: Vivek Goyal, linux-fsdevel, linux-kernel, virtio-fs
Hi all,
this series adds support to boot off arbitrary non-blockdevice root file
systems, based off an earlier patch from Vivek.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 1/2] init: split get_fs_names
2021-06-17 15:36 support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems Christoph Hellwig
@ 2021-06-17 15:36 ` Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-17 15:36 ` [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-18 18:03 ` [Virtio-fs] support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems Stefan Hajnoczi
2 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Christoph Hellwig @ 2021-06-17 15:36 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: viro; +Cc: Vivek Goyal, linux-fsdevel, linux-kernel, virtio-fs
Split get_fs_names into one function that splits up the command line
argument, and one that gets the list of all registered file systems.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
---
init/do_mounts.c | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
diff --git a/init/do_mounts.c b/init/do_mounts.c
index 74aede860de7..ec32de3ad52b 100644
--- a/init/do_mounts.c
+++ b/init/do_mounts.c
@@ -338,30 +338,31 @@ __setup("rootflags=", root_data_setup);
__setup("rootfstype=", fs_names_setup);
__setup("rootdelay=", root_delay_setup);
-static void __init get_fs_names(char *page)
+static void __init split_fs_names(char *page, char *names)
{
- char *s = page;
-
- if (root_fs_names) {
- strcpy(page, root_fs_names);
- while (*s++) {
- if (s[-1] == ',')
- s[-1] = '\0';
- }
- } else {
- int len = get_filesystem_list(page);
- char *p, *next;
+ strcpy(page, root_fs_names);
+ while (*page++) {
+ if (page[-1] == ',')
+ page[-1] = '\0';
+ }
+ *page = '\0';
+}
- page[len] = '\0';
- for (p = page-1; p; p = next) {
- next = strchr(++p, '\n');
- if (*p++ != '\t')
- continue;
- while ((*s++ = *p++) != '\n')
- ;
- s[-1] = '\0';
- }
+static void __init get_all_fs_names(char *page)
+{
+ int len = get_filesystem_list(page);
+ char *s = page, *p, *next;
+
+ page[len] = '\0';
+ for (p = page - 1; p; p = next) {
+ next = strchr(++p, '\n');
+ if (*p++ != '\t')
+ continue;
+ while ((*s++ = *p++) != '\n')
+ ;
+ s[-1] = '\0';
}
+
*s = '\0';
}
@@ -411,7 +412,10 @@ void __init mount_block_root(char *name, int flags)
scnprintf(b, BDEVNAME_SIZE, "unknown-block(%u,%u)",
MAJOR(ROOT_DEV), MINOR(ROOT_DEV));
- get_fs_names(fs_names);
+ if (root_fs_names)
+ split_fs_names(fs_names, root_fs_names);
+ else
+ get_all_fs_names(fs_names);
retry:
for (p = fs_names; *p; p += strlen(p)+1) {
int err = do_mount_root(name, p, flags, root_mount_data);
--
2.30.2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root
2021-06-17 15:36 support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-17 15:36 ` [PATCH 1/2] init: split get_fs_names Christoph Hellwig
@ 2021-06-17 15:36 ` Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-17 16:26 ` Vivek Goyal
2021-06-18 18:03 ` [Virtio-fs] support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems Stefan Hajnoczi
2 siblings, 1 reply; 8+ messages in thread
From: Christoph Hellwig @ 2021-06-17 15:36 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: viro; +Cc: Vivek Goyal, linux-fsdevel, linux-kernel, virtio-fs
Currently the only non-blockdevice filesystems that can be used as the
initial root filesystem are NFS and CIFS, which use the magic
"root=/dev/nfs" and "root=/dev/cifs" syntax that requires the root
device file system details to come from filesystem specific kernel
command line options.
Add a little bit of new code that allows to just pass arbitrary
string mount options to any non-blockdevice filesystems so that it can
be mounted as the root file system.
For example a virtiofs root file system can be mounted using the
following syntax:
"root=myfs rootfstype=virtiofs rw"
Based on an earlier patch from Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
---
init/do_mounts.c | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 40 insertions(+)
diff --git a/init/do_mounts.c b/init/do_mounts.c
index ec32de3ad52b..64c60cb72ecb 100644
--- a/init/do_mounts.c
+++ b/init/do_mounts.c
@@ -534,6 +534,44 @@ static int __init mount_cifs_root(void)
}
#endif
+static int __init try_mount_nodev(char *fstype)
+{
+ struct file_system_type *fs = get_fs_type(fstype);
+ int err = -EINVAL;
+
+ if (!fs)
+ return -EINVAL;
+ if (!(fs->fs_flags & (FS_REQUIRES_DEV | FS_BINARY_MOUNTDATA)))
+ err = do_mount_root(root_device_name, fstype, root_mountflags,
+ root_mount_data);
+ put_filesystem(fs);
+
+ if (err != -EACCES && err != -EINVAL)
+ panic("VFS: Unable to mount root \"%s\" (%s), err=%d\n",
+ root_device_name, fstype, err);
+ return err;
+}
+
+static int __init mount_nodev_root(void)
+{
+ char *fs_names, *p;
+ int err = -EINVAL;
+
+ fs_names = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!fs_names)
+ return -EINVAL;
+ split_fs_names(fs_names, root_fs_names);
+
+ for (p = fs_names; *p; p += strlen(p) + 1) {
+ err = try_mount_nodev(p);
+ if (!err)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ free_page((unsigned long)fs_names);
+ return err;
+}
+
void __init mount_root(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ROOT_NFS
@@ -550,6 +588,8 @@ void __init mount_root(void)
return;
}
#endif
+ if (ROOT_DEV == 0 && mount_nodev_root() == 0)
+ return;
#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
{
int err = create_dev("/dev/root", ROOT_DEV);
--
2.30.2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root
2021-06-17 15:36 ` [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root Christoph Hellwig
@ 2021-06-17 16:26 ` Vivek Goyal
2021-06-18 13:20 ` Christoph Hellwig
0 siblings, 1 reply; 8+ messages in thread
From: Vivek Goyal @ 2021-06-17 16:26 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Christoph Hellwig; +Cc: viro, linux-fsdevel, linux-kernel, virtio-fs
On Thu, Jun 17, 2021 at 05:36:49PM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
[..]
> +static int __init try_mount_nodev(char *fstype)
> +{
> + struct file_system_type *fs = get_fs_type(fstype);
> + int err = -EINVAL;
> +
> + if (!fs)
> + return -EINVAL;
> + if (!(fs->fs_flags & (FS_REQUIRES_DEV | FS_BINARY_MOUNTDATA)))
Not sure what FS_BINARY_MOUNTDATA is why fs should not have that set. nfs
seems to set it too. So that means they can't use try_mount_nodev().
> + err = do_mount_root(root_device_name, fstype, root_mountflags,
> + root_mount_data);
> + put_filesystem(fs);
> +
> + if (err != -EACCES && err != -EINVAL)
In case of success err == 0, but we still panic(). We will need to
check for success as well.
if (err && err != -EACCES && err != -EINVAL)
> + panic("VFS: Unable to mount root \"%s\" (%s), err=%d\n",
> + root_device_name, fstype, err);
> + return err;
> +}
> +
> +static int __init mount_nodev_root(void)
> +{
> + char *fs_names, *p;
> + int err = -EINVAL;
> +
> + fs_names = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!fs_names)
> + return -EINVAL;
> + split_fs_names(fs_names, root_fs_names);
root_fs_names can be NULL and it crashes with NULL pointer dereference.
Vivek
> +
> + for (p = fs_names; *p; p += strlen(p) + 1) {
> + err = try_mount_nodev(p);
> + if (!err)
> + break;
> + }
> +
> + free_page((unsigned long)fs_names);
> + return err;
> +}
> +
> void __init mount_root(void)
> {
> #ifdef CONFIG_ROOT_NFS
> @@ -550,6 +588,8 @@ void __init mount_root(void)
> return;
> }
> #endif
> + if (ROOT_DEV == 0 && mount_nodev_root() == 0)
> + return;
> #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
> {
> int err = create_dev("/dev/root", ROOT_DEV);
> --
> 2.30.2
>
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root
2021-06-17 16:26 ` Vivek Goyal
@ 2021-06-18 13:20 ` Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-18 14:10 ` Vivek Goyal
0 siblings, 1 reply; 8+ messages in thread
From: Christoph Hellwig @ 2021-06-18 13:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Vivek Goyal
Cc: Christoph Hellwig, viro, linux-fsdevel, linux-kernel, virtio-fs
On Thu, Jun 17, 2021 at 12:26:10PM -0400, Vivek Goyal wrote:
> Not sure what FS_BINARY_MOUNTDATA is why fs should not have that set. nfs
> seems to set it too. So that means they can't use try_mount_nodev().
We can't really pass actual binary mountdata using the string separation
scheme used by the rootfstype= option. But given that NFS only uses
binary mountdata for legacy reasons and people get what they ask for
using the option I think we can drop the check.
> In case of success err == 0, but we still panic(). We will need to
> check for success as well.
Indeed.
> root_fs_names can be NULL and it crashes with NULL pointer dereference.
True.
What do you think of this version?
---
From 141caa79a619b5f5d100eeb8e94ecf8b3b1c9af7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Fri, 18 Jun 2021 15:10:39 +0200
Subject: init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root
Currently the only non-blockdevice filesystems that can be used as the
initial root filesystem are NFS and CIFS, which use the magic
"root=/dev/nfs" and "root=/dev/cifs" syntax that requires the root
device file system details to come from filesystem specific kernel
command line options.
Add a little bit of new code that allows to just pass arbitrary
string mount options to any non-blockdevice filesystems so that it can
be mounted as the root file system.
For example a virtiofs root file system can be mounted using the
following syntax:
"root=myfs rootfstype=virtiofs rw"
Based on an earlier patch from Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
---
init/do_mounts.c | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 43 insertions(+)
diff --git a/init/do_mounts.c b/init/do_mounts.c
index ec32de3ad52b..66c47193e9ee 100644
--- a/init/do_mounts.c
+++ b/init/do_mounts.c
@@ -534,6 +534,45 @@ static int __init mount_cifs_root(void)
}
#endif
+static bool __init fs_is_nodev(char *fstype)
+{
+ struct file_system_type *fs = get_fs_type(fstype);
+ bool ret = false;
+
+ if (fs) {
+ ret = !(fs->fs_flags & FS_REQUIRES_DEV);
+ put_filesystem(fs);
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int __init mount_nodev_root(void)
+{
+ char *fs_names, *fstype;
+ int err = -EINVAL;
+
+ fs_names = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!fs_names)
+ return -EINVAL;
+ split_fs_names(fs_names, root_fs_names);
+
+ for (fstype = fs_names; *fstype; fstype += strlen(fstype) + 1) {
+ if (!fs_is_nodev(fstype))
+ continue;
+ err = do_mount_root(root_device_name, fstype, root_mountflags,
+ root_mount_data);
+ if (!err)
+ break;
+ if (err != -EACCES && err != -EINVAL)
+ panic("VFS: Unable to mount root \"%s\" (%s), err=%d\n",
+ root_device_name, fstype, err);
+ }
+
+ free_page((unsigned long)fs_names);
+ return err;
+}
+
void __init mount_root(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ROOT_NFS
@@ -550,6 +589,10 @@ void __init mount_root(void)
return;
}
#endif
+ if (ROOT_DEV == 0 && root_fs_names) {
+ if (mount_nodev_root() == 0)
+ return;
+ }
#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
{
int err = create_dev("/dev/root", ROOT_DEV);
--
2.30.2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root
2021-06-18 13:20 ` Christoph Hellwig
@ 2021-06-18 14:10 ` Vivek Goyal
0 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Vivek Goyal @ 2021-06-18 14:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Christoph Hellwig
Cc: viro, linux-fsdevel, linux-kernel, virtio-fs, Dominique Martinet
On Fri, Jun 18, 2021 at 03:20:38PM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> On Thu, Jun 17, 2021 at 12:26:10PM -0400, Vivek Goyal wrote:
> > Not sure what FS_BINARY_MOUNTDATA is why fs should not have that set. nfs
> > seems to set it too. So that means they can't use try_mount_nodev().
>
> We can't really pass actual binary mountdata using the string separation
> scheme used by the rootfstype= option. But given that NFS only uses
> binary mountdata for legacy reasons and people get what they ask for
> using the option I think we can drop the check.
>
> > In case of success err == 0, but we still panic(). We will need to
> > check for success as well.
>
> Indeed.
>
> > root_fs_names can be NULL and it crashes with NULL pointer dereference.
>
> True.
>
> What do you think of this version?
[ Cc Dominique Martinet ]
Hi Christoph,
This one works well for me. Just one minor nit. root_device_name, can
be NULL as well if user passes following.
"rootfstype=virtiofs rw".
And currently mount_nodev_root() is assuming root_device_name is not NULL
and we crash with null pointer dereference.
May be something like this.
if (ROOT_DEV == 0 && root_device_name && root_fs_names) {
if (mount_nodev_root() == 0)
return;
}
Strangely people are using "rootfstype=virtiofs rw" to mount virtiofs
as rootfs. They give their filesystem a tag named "/dev/root". And
currently it works and they can mount virtiofs as rootfs.
With above change, current hackish way will also continue to work and
not break existing setups.
Thanks
Vivek
>
> ---
> From 141caa79a619b5f5d100eeb8e94ecf8b3b1c9af7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
> From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> Date: Fri, 18 Jun 2021 15:10:39 +0200
> Subject: init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root
>
> Currently the only non-blockdevice filesystems that can be used as the
> initial root filesystem are NFS and CIFS, which use the magic
> "root=/dev/nfs" and "root=/dev/cifs" syntax that requires the root
> device file system details to come from filesystem specific kernel
> command line options.
>
> Add a little bit of new code that allows to just pass arbitrary
> string mount options to any non-blockdevice filesystems so that it can
> be mounted as the root file system.
>
> For example a virtiofs root file system can be mounted using the
> following syntax:
>
> "root=myfs rootfstype=virtiofs rw"
>
> Based on an earlier patch from Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>.
>
> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> ---
> init/do_mounts.c | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/init/do_mounts.c b/init/do_mounts.c
> index ec32de3ad52b..66c47193e9ee 100644
> --- a/init/do_mounts.c
> +++ b/init/do_mounts.c
> @@ -534,6 +534,45 @@ static int __init mount_cifs_root(void)
> }
> #endif
>
> +static bool __init fs_is_nodev(char *fstype)
> +{
> + struct file_system_type *fs = get_fs_type(fstype);
> + bool ret = false;
> +
> + if (fs) {
> + ret = !(fs->fs_flags & FS_REQUIRES_DEV);
> + put_filesystem(fs);
> + }
> +
> + return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static int __init mount_nodev_root(void)
> +{
> + char *fs_names, *fstype;
> + int err = -EINVAL;
> +
> + fs_names = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
> + if (!fs_names)
> + return -EINVAL;
> + split_fs_names(fs_names, root_fs_names);
> +
> + for (fstype = fs_names; *fstype; fstype += strlen(fstype) + 1) {
> + if (!fs_is_nodev(fstype))
> + continue;
> + err = do_mount_root(root_device_name, fstype, root_mountflags,
> + root_mount_data);
> + if (!err)
> + break;
> + if (err != -EACCES && err != -EINVAL)
> + panic("VFS: Unable to mount root \"%s\" (%s), err=%d\n",
> + root_device_name, fstype, err);
> + }
> +
> + free_page((unsigned long)fs_names);
> + return err;
> +}
> +
> void __init mount_root(void)
> {
> #ifdef CONFIG_ROOT_NFS
> @@ -550,6 +589,10 @@ void __init mount_root(void)
> return;
> }
> #endif
> + if (ROOT_DEV == 0 && root_fs_names) {
> + if (mount_nodev_root() == 0)
> + return;
> + }
> #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
> {
> int err = create_dev("/dev/root", ROOT_DEV);
> --
> 2.30.2
>
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* Re: [Virtio-fs] support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems
2021-06-17 15:36 support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-17 15:36 ` [PATCH 1/2] init: split get_fs_names Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-17 15:36 ` [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root Christoph Hellwig
@ 2021-06-18 18:03 ` Stefan Hajnoczi
2 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Stefan Hajnoczi @ 2021-06-18 18:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Christoph Hellwig
Cc: viro, linux-fsdevel, virtio-fs, linux-kernel, Vivek Goyal
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 329 bytes --]
On Thu, Jun 17, 2021 at 05:36:47PM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> this series adds support to boot off arbitrary non-blockdevice root file
> systems, based off an earlier patch from Vivek.
Cool, thanks for working on generic syntax for mounting non-blockdevice
file systems. Looks good modulo the comments Vivek had.
Stefan
[-- Attachment #2: signature.asc --]
[-- Type: application/pgp-signature, Size: 488 bytes --]
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root
2021-06-21 6:26 support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems v2 Christoph Hellwig
@ 2021-06-21 6:26 ` Christoph Hellwig
0 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Christoph Hellwig @ 2021-06-21 6:26 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: viro; +Cc: Vivek Goyal, linux-fsdevel, linux-kernel, virtio-fs
Currently the only non-blockdevice filesystems that can be used as the
initial root filesystem are NFS and CIFS, which use the magic
"root=/dev/nfs" and "root=/dev/cifs" syntax that requires the root
device file system details to come from filesystem specific kernel
command line options.
Add a little bit of new code that allows to just pass arbitrary
string mount options to any non-blockdevice filesystems so that it can
be mounted as the root file system.
For example a virtiofs root file system can be mounted using the
following syntax:
"root=myfs rootfstype=virtiofs rw"
Based on an earlier patch from Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
---
init/do_mounts.c | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 43 insertions(+)
diff --git a/init/do_mounts.c b/init/do_mounts.c
index ec32de3ad52b..bdeb90b8d669 100644
--- a/init/do_mounts.c
+++ b/init/do_mounts.c
@@ -534,6 +534,45 @@ static int __init mount_cifs_root(void)
}
#endif
+static bool __init fs_is_nodev(char *fstype)
+{
+ struct file_system_type *fs = get_fs_type(fstype);
+ bool ret = false;
+
+ if (fs) {
+ ret = !(fs->fs_flags & FS_REQUIRES_DEV);
+ put_filesystem(fs);
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int __init mount_nodev_root(void)
+{
+ char *fs_names, *fstype;
+ int err = -EINVAL;
+
+ fs_names = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!fs_names)
+ return -EINVAL;
+ split_fs_names(fs_names, root_fs_names);
+
+ for (fstype = fs_names; *fstype; fstype += strlen(fstype) + 1) {
+ if (!fs_is_nodev(fstype))
+ continue;
+ err = do_mount_root(root_device_name, fstype, root_mountflags,
+ root_mount_data);
+ if (!err)
+ break;
+ if (err != -EACCES && err != -EINVAL)
+ panic("VFS: Unable to mount root \"%s\" (%s), err=%d\n",
+ root_device_name, fstype, err);
+ }
+
+ free_page((unsigned long)fs_names);
+ return err;
+}
+
void __init mount_root(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ROOT_NFS
@@ -550,6 +589,10 @@ void __init mount_root(void)
return;
}
#endif
+ if (ROOT_DEV == 0 && root_device_name && root_fs_names) {
+ if (mount_nodev_root() == 0)
+ return;
+ }
#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
{
int err = create_dev("/dev/root", ROOT_DEV);
--
2.30.2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
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Thread overview: 8+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed)
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2021-06-17 15:36 support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-17 15:36 ` [PATCH 1/2] init: split get_fs_names Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-17 15:36 ` [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-17 16:26 ` Vivek Goyal
2021-06-18 13:20 ` Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-18 14:10 ` Vivek Goyal
2021-06-18 18:03 ` [Virtio-fs] support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems Stefan Hajnoczi
2021-06-21 6:26 support booting of arbitrary non-blockdevice file systems v2 Christoph Hellwig
2021-06-21 6:26 ` [PATCH 2/2] init: allow mounting arbitrary non-blockdevice filesystems as root Christoph Hellwig
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