linux-kernel.vger.kernel.org archive mirror
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com>
To: <kvm@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: <linux-coco@lists.linux.dev>, <linux-mm@kvack.org>,
	<linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org>, <x86@kernel.org>,
	<linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>, <tglx@linutronix.de>,
	<mingo@redhat.com>, <jroedel@suse.de>, <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>,
	<hpa@zytor.com>, <ardb@kernel.org>, <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
	<seanjc@google.com>, <vkuznets@redhat.com>, <jmattson@google.com>,
	<luto@kernel.org>, <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
	<slp@redhat.com>, <pgonda@google.com>, <peterz@infradead.org>,
	<srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>, <rientjes@google.com>,
	<dovmurik@linux.ibm.com>, <tobin@ibm.com>, <bp@alien8.de>,
	<vbabka@suse.cz>, <kirill@shutemov.name>, <ak@linux.intel.com>,
	<tony.luck@intel.com>, <marcorr@google.com>,
	<sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com>,
	<alpergun@google.com>, <dgilbert@redhat.com>, <jarkko@kernel.org>,
	<ashish.kalra@amd.com>, <nikunj.dadhania@amd.com>
Subject: [PATCH RFC v8 48/56] KVM: SVM: Add SNP-specific handling for memory attribute updates
Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2023 12:38:39 -0600	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20230220183847.59159-49-michael.roth@amd.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20230220183847.59159-1-michael.roth@amd.com>

This will handle RMP table updates and direct map changes needed for
page state conversions requested by userspace.

Signed-off-by: Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com>
---
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c | 126 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c |   1 +
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h |   2 +
 3 files changed, 129 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
index b2f1a12685ed..73d614c538da 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
@@ -3381,6 +3381,31 @@ static int snp_rmptable_psmash(struct kvm *kvm, kvm_pfn_t pfn)
 	return psmash(pfn);
 }
 
+static int snp_make_page_shared(struct kvm *kvm, gpa_t gpa, kvm_pfn_t pfn, int level)
+{
+	int rc, rmp_level;
+
+	rc = snp_lookup_rmpentry(pfn, &rmp_level);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* If page is not assigned then do nothing */
+	if (!rc)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Is the page part of an existing 2MB RMP entry ? Split the 2MB into
+	 * multiple of 4K-page before making the memory shared.
+	 */
+	if (level == PG_LEVEL_4K && rmp_level == PG_LEVEL_2M) {
+		rc = snp_rmptable_psmash(kvm, pfn);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+	}
+
+	return rmp_make_shared(pfn, level);
+}
+
 /*
  * TODO: need to get the value set by userspace in vcpu->run->vmgexit.ghcb_msr
  * and process that here accordingly.
@@ -4373,3 +4398,104 @@ void handle_rmp_page_fault(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t gpa, u64 error_code)
 	kvm_zap_gfn_range(kvm, gfn, gfn + PTRS_PER_PMD);
 	put_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
 }
+
+static inline u8 order_to_level(int order)
+{
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(KVM_MAX_HUGEPAGE_LEVEL > PG_LEVEL_1G);
+
+	if (order >= KVM_HPAGE_GFN_SHIFT(PG_LEVEL_1G))
+		return PG_LEVEL_1G;
+
+	if (order >= KVM_HPAGE_GFN_SHIFT(PG_LEVEL_2M))
+		return PG_LEVEL_2M;
+
+	return PG_LEVEL_4K;
+}
+
+int sev_update_mem_attr(struct kvm_memory_slot *slot, unsigned int attr,
+			gfn_t start, gfn_t end)
+{
+	struct kvm_sev_info *sev = &to_kvm_svm(slot->kvm)->sev_info;
+	enum psc_op op = (attr & KVM_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTE_PRIVATE) ? SNP_PAGE_STATE_PRIVATE
+							       : SNP_PAGE_STATE_SHARED;
+	gfn_t gfn = start;
+
+	pr_debug("%s: GFN 0x%llx - 0x%llx, op: %d\n", __func__, start, end, op);
+
+	if (!sev_snp_guest(slot->kvm))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!kvm_slot_can_be_private(slot)) {
+		pr_err_ratelimited("%s: memslot for gfn: 0x%llx is not private.\n",
+				   __func__, gfn);
+		return -EPERM;
+	}
+
+	while (gfn < end) {
+		kvm_pfn_t pfn;
+		int level = PG_LEVEL_4K; /* TODO: take actual order into account */
+		gpa_t gpa = gfn_to_gpa(gfn);
+		int npages = 1;
+		int order;
+		int rc;
+
+		/*
+		 * No work to do if there was never a page allocated from private
+		 * memory. If there was a page that was deallocated previously,
+		 * the invalidation notifier should have restored the page to
+		 * shared.
+		 */
+		rc = kvm_restrictedmem_get_pfn(slot, gfn, &pfn, &order);
+		if (rc) {
+			pr_warn_ratelimited("%s: failed to retrieve gfn 0x%llx from private FD\n",
+					    __func__, gfn);
+			gfn++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * TODO: The RMP entry's hugepage bit is ignored for
+		 * shared/unassigned pages. Either handle looping through each
+		 * sub-page as part of snp_make_page_shared(), or remove the
+		 * level argument.
+		 */
+		if (op == SNP_PAGE_STATE_PRIVATE && order &&
+		    IS_ALIGNED(gfn, 1 << order) && (gfn + (1 << order)) <= end) {
+			level = order_to_level(order);
+			npages = 1 << order;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Grab the PFN from private memslot and update the RMP entry.
+		 * It may be worthwhile to go ahead and map it into the TDP at
+		 * this point if the guest is doing lazy acceptance, but for
+		 * up-front bulk shared->private conversions it's not likely
+		 * the guest will try to access the PFN any time soon, so for
+		 * now just take the let KVM MMU handle faulting it on the next
+		 * access.
+		 */
+		switch (op) {
+		case SNP_PAGE_STATE_SHARED:
+			rc = snp_make_page_shared(slot->kvm, gpa, pfn, level);
+			break;
+		case SNP_PAGE_STATE_PRIVATE:
+			rc = rmp_make_private(pfn, gpa, level, sev->asid, false);
+			break;
+		default:
+			rc = PSC_INVALID_ENTRY;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		put_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
+
+		if (rc) {
+			pr_err_ratelimited("%s: failed op %d gpa %llx pfn %llx level %d rc %d\n",
+					   __func__, op, gpa, pfn, level, rc);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		gfn += npages;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
index 539926b07ee5..e2edc4700e55 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
@@ -4860,6 +4860,7 @@ static struct kvm_x86_ops svm_x86_ops __initdata = {
 	.alloc_apic_backing_page = svm_alloc_apic_backing_page,
 
 	.adjust_mapping_level = sev_adjust_mapping_level,
+	.update_mem_attr = sev_update_mem_attr,
 };
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
index 37bd7b728d52..50a2bcaf3fd7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
@@ -725,6 +725,8 @@ struct page *snp_safe_alloc_page(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 void sev_adjust_mapping_level(struct kvm *kvm, gfn_t gfn, kvm_pfn_t pfn, int *level);
 void handle_rmp_page_fault(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t gpa, u64 error_code);
 void sev_snp_init_protected_guest_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
+int sev_update_mem_attr(struct kvm_memory_slot *slot, unsigned int attr,
+			gfn_t start, gfn_t end);
 
 /* vmenter.S */
 
-- 
2.25.1


  parent reply	other threads:[~2023-02-20 19:02 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 147+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2023-02-20 18:37 [PATCH RFC v8 00/56] Add AMD Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) Hypervisor Support Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:37 ` [PATCH RFC v8 01/56] KVM: x86: Add 'fault_is_private' x86 op Michael Roth
2023-03-01 10:25   ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-18  4:51   ` Isaku Yamahata
2023-03-20 17:46     ` Michael Roth
2023-03-18  4:53   ` Isaku Yamahata
2023-02-20 18:37 ` [PATCH RFC v8 02/56] KVM: x86: Add 'update_mem_attr' " Michael Roth
2023-03-18  4:56   ` Isaku Yamahata
2023-03-20 18:05     ` Michael Roth
2023-03-21 11:21       ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-22  1:58         ` Michael Roth
2023-03-23 18:17           ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-28  4:36             ` Michael Roth
2023-03-28 23:00               ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-29 23:50                 ` Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:37 ` [PATCH RFC v8 03/56] KVM: x86: Add platform hooks for private memory invalidations Michael Roth
2023-03-18  5:13   ` Isaku Yamahata
2023-03-20 18:09     ` Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:37 ` [PATCH RFC v8 04/56] KVM: Add HVA range operator Michael Roth
2023-02-20 21:37   ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-27  0:34     ` Michael Roth
2023-04-04 14:40       ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:37 ` [PATCH RFC v8 05/56] KVM: SEV: Require KVM_PROTECTED_VM when AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT is enabled Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:37 ` [PATCH RFC v8 06/56] KVM: Split out memory attribute xarray updates to helper function Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:37 ` [PATCH RFC v8 07/56] KVM: SEV: Populate private memory fd during LAUNCH_UPDATE_DATA Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:37 ` [PATCH RFC v8 08/56] KVM: SEV: Rename sev_{pin,unpin}_memory Michael Roth
2023-03-03 14:00   ` Vlastimil Babka
2023-03-06 11:01     ` Nikunj A. Dadhania
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 09/56] KVM: SEV: Handle memory backed by restricted memfd Michael Roth
2023-03-03 14:05   ` Vlastimil Babka
2023-03-06 11:03     ` Nikunj A. Dadhania
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 10/56] x86/cpufeatures: Add SEV-SNP CPU feature Michael Roth
2023-02-21 21:21   ` Sathyanarayanan Kuppuswamy
2023-02-22 23:27     ` Kalra, Ashish
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 11/56] x86/sev: Add the host SEV-SNP initialization support Michael Roth
2023-02-20 20:12   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 12/56] x86/sev: Add RMP entry lookup helpers Michael Roth
2023-03-03 15:28   ` Vlastimil Babka
2023-03-29 22:59     ` Michael Roth
2023-04-20 16:31       ` Vlastimil Babka
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 13/56] x86/fault: Add helper for dumping RMP entries Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 14/56] x86/sev: Add helper functions for RMPUPDATE and PSMASH instruction Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 15/56] x86/sev: Invalidate pages from the direct map when adding them to the RMP table Michael Roth
2023-03-01 12:07   ` Tom Dohrmann
2023-03-01 16:15   ` Dave Hansen
2023-03-28 22:12     ` Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 16/56] x86/traps: Define RMP violation #PF error code Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 17/56] x86/fault: Add support to handle the RMP fault for user address Michael Roth
2023-03-01 16:21   ` Dave Hansen
2023-03-28 23:31     ` Michael Roth
2023-04-11 18:27       ` Dave Hansen
2023-03-03 15:31   ` Vlastimil Babka
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 18/56] x86/fault: fix handle_split_page_fault() to work with memfd backed pages Michael Roth
2023-02-20 19:57   ` Hugh Dickins
2023-02-20 20:31     ` Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 19/56] x86/fault: Return pfn from dump_pagetable() for SEV-specific fault handling Michael Roth
2023-02-20 21:13   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-28 10:53   ` Wu Zongyong
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 20/56] crypto:ccp: Define the SEV-SNP commands Michael Roth
2023-04-17 14:54   ` Sabin Rapan
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 21/56] crypto: ccp: Add support to initialize the AMD-SP for SEV-SNP Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 22/56] crypto:ccp: Provide API to issue SEV and SNP commands Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 23/56] crypto: ccp: Introduce snp leaked pages list Michael Roth
2023-03-03 15:54   ` Vlastimil Babka
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 24/56] crypto: ccp: Handle the legacy TMR allocation when SNP is enabled Michael Roth
2023-02-21  9:28   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-21 15:31     ` Kalra, Ashish
2023-02-21 21:15       ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-21 22:06         ` Kalra, Ashish
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 25/56] crypto: ccp: Handle the legacy SEV command " Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 26/56] crypto: ccp: Add the SNP_PLATFORM_STATUS command Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 27/56] crypto: ccp: Add the SNP_{SET,GET}_EXT_CONFIG command Michael Roth
2023-02-22 12:32   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-22 16:50     ` Tom Lendacky
2023-02-22 22:43     ` Kalra, Ashish
2023-02-23  6:38       ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-23 14:19         ` Tom Lendacky
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 28/56] crypto: ccp: Provide APIs to query extended attestation report Michael Roth
2023-02-22 20:24   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-22 22:35     ` Kalra, Ashish
2023-02-23  8:14       ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 29/56] KVM: SVM: Add support to handle AP reset MSR protocol Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 30/56] KVM: SVM: Provide the Hypervisor Feature support VMGEXIT Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 31/56] KVM: SVM: Make AVIC backing, VMSA and VMCB memory allocation SNP safe Michael Roth
2023-02-22 20:42   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 32/56] KVM: SVM: Add initial SEV-SNP support Michael Roth
2023-02-23 17:46   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 33/56] KVM: SVM: Add KVM_SNP_INIT command Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 34/56] KVM: SVM: Add KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_START command Michael Roth
2023-02-23 21:41   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-24 16:22     ` Tom Lendacky
2023-04-26 17:06   ` Sabin Rapan
2023-04-26 18:02     ` Tom Lendacky
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 35/56] KVM: SVM: Add KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_UPDATE command Michael Roth
2023-02-24 11:55   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 36/56] KVM: SVM: Add KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_FINISH command Michael Roth
2023-03-24 14:40   ` Alexander Graf
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 37/56] KVM: X86: Keep the NPT and RMP page level in sync Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 38/56] KVM: x86: Define RMP page fault error bits for #NPF Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 39/56] KVM: SVM: Add support to handle GHCB GPA register VMGEXIT Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 40/56] KVM: SVM: Add KVM_EXIT_VMGEXIT Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 41/56] KVM: SVM: Add support to handle MSR based Page State Change VMGEXIT Michael Roth
2023-02-24 15:06   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 42/56] KVM: SVM: Add support to handle " Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 43/56] KVM: x86: Export the kvm_zap_gfn_range() for the SNP use Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 44/56] KVM: SVM: Add support to handle the RMP nested page fault Michael Roth
2023-02-28 19:11   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 45/56] KVM: SVM: Provide support for SNP_GUEST_REQUEST NAE event Michael Roth
2023-02-24 11:01   ` Alexander Graf
2023-02-28 19:34   ` Zhi Wang
2023-04-17 13:05   ` Alexander Graf
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 46/56] KVM: SVM: Use a VMSA physical address variable for populating VMCB Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 47/56] KVM: SVM: Support SEV-SNP AP Creation NAE event Michael Roth
2023-02-24 12:37   ` Alexander Graf
2023-02-28 20:47     ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-01 21:14       ` Alexander Graf
2023-04-05  0:54         ` Michael Roth
2023-04-04 22:48     ` Michael Roth
2023-04-05 15:20       ` Tom Lendacky
2023-02-20 18:38 ` Michael Roth [this message]
2023-03-01 23:37   ` [PATCH RFC v8 48/56] KVM: SVM: Add SNP-specific handling for memory attribute updates Dave Hansen
2023-04-05 23:48     ` Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 49/56] KVM: SVM: Implement .fault_is_private callback for SNP Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 50/56] KVM: SEV: Handle restricted memory invalidations " Michael Roth
2023-03-01 10:41   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 51/56] KVM: SVM: Add module parameter to enable the SEV-SNP Michael Roth
2023-03-01 10:45   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 52/56] ccp: Add support to decrypt the page Michael Roth
2023-03-01 21:20   ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-02  5:59     ` Dov Murik
2023-03-02 14:33       ` Tom Lendacky
2023-03-02 21:11         ` Dov Murik
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 53/56] KVM: SVM: Make VMSAVE target area memory allocation SNP safe Michael Roth
2023-03-01 21:23   ` Zhi Wang
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 54/56] x86/sev: Add KVM commands for instance certs Michael Roth
2023-02-21 12:40   ` Dov Murik
2023-03-02  0:02   ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-02  1:41     ` Dionna Amalie Glaze
2023-03-02 11:27       ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-02 11:34   ` Dov Murik
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 55/56] x86/sev: Document KVM_SEV_SNP_{G,S}ET_CERTS Michael Roth
2023-02-20 18:38 ` [PATCH RFC v8 56/56] iommu/amd: Add IOMMU_SNP_SHUTDOWN support Michael Roth
2023-03-01 16:56 ` [PATCH RFC v8 00/56] Add AMD Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) Hypervisor Support Dave Hansen
2023-03-01 22:59   ` Zhi Wang
2023-03-01 23:39     ` Dave Hansen
2023-08-03 18:27 ` Schander, Johanna 'Mimoja' Amelie
2023-08-04  1:01   ` Kalra, Ashish

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20230220183847.59159-49-michael.roth@amd.com \
    --to=michael.roth@amd.com \
    --cc=ak@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=alpergun@google.com \
    --cc=ardb@kernel.org \
    --cc=ashish.kalra@amd.com \
    --cc=bp@alien8.de \
    --cc=dave.hansen@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=dgilbert@redhat.com \
    --cc=dovmurik@linux.ibm.com \
    --cc=hpa@zytor.com \
    --cc=jarkko@kernel.org \
    --cc=jmattson@google.com \
    --cc=jroedel@suse.de \
    --cc=kirill@shutemov.name \
    --cc=kvm@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-coco@lists.linux.dev \
    --cc=linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
    --cc=luto@kernel.org \
    --cc=marcorr@google.com \
    --cc=mingo@redhat.com \
    --cc=nikunj.dadhania@amd.com \
    --cc=pbonzini@redhat.com \
    --cc=peterz@infradead.org \
    --cc=pgonda@google.com \
    --cc=rientjes@google.com \
    --cc=sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=seanjc@google.com \
    --cc=slp@redhat.com \
    --cc=srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=tglx@linutronix.de \
    --cc=thomas.lendacky@amd.com \
    --cc=tobin@ibm.com \
    --cc=tony.luck@intel.com \
    --cc=vbabka@suse.cz \
    --cc=vkuznets@redhat.com \
    --cc=x86@kernel.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).