[PATCH v2] ext4: fix race condition between buffer write and page_mkwrite

[Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com>]

Syzbot reported a BUG_ON:
==================================================================
EXT4-fs (loop0): mounted filesystem without journal. Quota mode: none.
EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:1098: group 0, block
     bitmap and bg descriptor inconsistent: 25 vs 150994969 free clusters
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.c:53!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
CPU: 1 PID: 494 Comm: syz-executor.0 6.1.0-rc7-syzkaller-ga4412fdd49dc #0
RIP: 0010:__ext4_journal_stop+0x1b3/0x1c0
 [...]
Call Trace:
 ext4_write_inline_data_end+0xa39/0xdf0
 ext4_da_write_end+0x1e2/0x950
 generic_perform_write+0x401/0x5f0
 ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x35f/0x640
 ext4_file_write_iter+0x198/0x1cd0
 vfs_write+0x8b5/0xef0
 [...]
==================================================================

The above BUG_ON is triggered by the following race:

           cpu1                    cpu2
________________________|________________________
ksys_write
 vfs_write
  new_sync_write
   ext4_file_write_iter
    ext4_buffered_write_iter
     generic_perform_write
      ext4_da_write_begin
                          do_fault
                           do_page_mkwrite
                            ext4_page_mkwrite
                             ext4_convert_inline_data
                              ext4_convert_inline_data_nolock
                               ext4_destroy_inline_data_nolock
                                //clear EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA
                               ext4_map_blocks --> return error
       ext4_test_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA)
       ext4_block_write_begin
                               ext4_restore_inline_data
                                // set EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA
      ext4_da_write_end
       ext4_test_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA)
       ext4_write_inline_data_end
        handle=NULL
        ext4_journal_stop(handle)
         __ext4_journal_stop
          ext4_put_nojournal(handle)
           ref_cnt = (unsigned long)handle
           BUG_ON(ref_cnt == 0)  ---> BUG_ON

The root cause of this problem is that the ext4_convert_inline_data() in
ext4_page_mkwrite() does not grab i_rwsem, so it may race with
ext4_buffered_write_iter() and cause the write_begin() and write_end()
functions to be inconsistent and trigger BUG_ON.

To solve the above issue, we can not add inode_lock directly to
ext4_page_mkwrite(), which would not only cause performance degradation but
also ABBA deadlock (see Link). Hence we move ext4_convert_inline_data() to
ext4_file_mmap(), and only when inline_data is enabled and mmap a writeable
file in shared mode, we hold the lock to convert, which avoids the above
problems.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230530102804.6t7np7om6tczscuo@quack3/
Reported-by: Jun Nie <jun.nie@linaro.org>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/63903521.5040307@huawei.com/t/
Reported-by: syzbot+a158d886ca08a3fecca4@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=899b37f20ce4072bcdfecfe1647b39602e956e36
Fixes: 7b4cc9787fe3 ("ext4: evict inline data when writing to memory map")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.12+
Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com>
---
 fs/ext4/file.c  | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 fs/ext4/inode.c |  4 ----
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/ext4/file.c b/fs/ext4/file.c
index d101b3b0c7da..9df82d72eb90 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/file.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/file.c
@@ -795,7 +795,8 @@ static const struct vm_operations_struct ext4_file_vm_ops = {
 static int ext4_file_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
-	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb);
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
 	struct dax_device *dax_dev = sbi->s_daxdev;
 
 	if (unlikely(ext4_forced_shutdown(sbi)))
@@ -808,6 +809,27 @@ static int ext4_file_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 	if (!daxdev_mapping_supported(vma, dax_dev))
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 
+	/*
+	 * Writing via mmap has no logic to handle inline data, so we
+	 * need to call ext4_convert_inline_data() to convert the inode
+	 * to normal format before doing so, otherwise a BUG_ON will be
+	 * triggered in ext4_writepages() due to the
+	 * EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA flag. Moreover, we need to grab
+	 * i_rwsem during conversion, since clearing and setting the
+	 * inline data flag may race with ext4_buffered_write_iter()
+	 * to trigger a BUG_ON.
+	 */
+	if (ext4_has_feature_inline_data(sb) &&
+	    vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED && vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE) {
+		int err;
+
+		inode_lock(inode);
+		err = ext4_convert_inline_data(inode);
+		inode_unlock(inode);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
 	file_accessed(file);
 	if (IS_DAX(file_inode(file))) {
 		vma->vm_ops = &ext4_dax_vm_ops;
diff --git a/fs/ext4/inode.c b/fs/ext4/inode.c
index ce5f21b6c2b3..31844c4ec9fe 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/inode.c
@@ -6043,10 +6043,6 @@ vm_fault_t ext4_page_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 
 	filemap_invalidate_lock_shared(mapping);
 
-	err = ext4_convert_inline_data(inode);
-	if (err)
-		goto out_ret;
-
 	/*
 	 * On data journalling we skip straight to the transaction handle:
 	 * there's no delalloc; page truncated will be checked later; the
-- 
2.31.1