* Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
@ 2002-10-12 1:12 Rob Mueller
2002-10-12 1:25 ` Andrew Morton
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Rob Mueller @ 2002-10-12 1:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Summary:
We've spent the last couple of days trying to diagnose some strange load
spikes we've been observing on our server. The basic symptom is that the
load will appear to be falling gradually (often down to between 0.5 and
3), and then will appear to basically *instantly* rise to a rather large
value (between 15 and 30). This occurs at intervals of around 1 to 5
minutes or so. During the spiking time, system response is significantly
slowed. Sometimes it takes up to 10 seconds just to run an 'uptime' or
'ls' command. Oddly though, once run, it appears to be much more
responsive thereafter... (no swapping is occuring see below)
vmstat and uptime output:
To show what I mean about the load spikes, I did the following to gather
uptime and vmstat data at the same time at 5 second intervals.
vmstat -n 5 > /tmp/d1 & while true; do uptime >> /tmp/d2; sleep 5; done
These got a little out of sync after a few minutes, but it's still fairly
illustrative. I used a perl script to join these together with the time
(seconds) on the left. I've trimmed the swap columns, which didn't change,
and also the 2 longer term load average columns so it fits in 76 chars.
procs memory io system cpu
t r b w free buff cache bi bo in cs us sy id uptime
--|-------------------------------------------------------------|------
37| 0 0 0 66440 414628 1691196 51 983 395 963 7 8 85| 2.22,
42| 0 0 0 66860 414880 1691240 34 825 383 1023 6 9 85| 2.04,
47| 0 0 1 69736 415008 1691384 33 778 409 1285 7 9 84| 1.95,
52| 0 0 0 71596 415120 1691432 9 1021 393 1154 6 9 85| 1.80,
57| 0 0 0 66620 415972 1692476 47 4910 825 2100 11 13 76| 1.89,
02| 0 1 0 77624 416320 1694268 197 2132 761 1570 11 10 79| 1.90,
07| 0 0 0 76796 416544 1694804 99 1494 492 1209 7 9 83| 1.91,
12| 1 0 0 84736 416708 1695808 200 1178 498 1270 14 10 77| 1.76,
17| 0 0 0 86388 416792 1695824 4 972 445 994 6 7 88| 1.62,
22| 0 0 0 98276 416928 1695868 1 1322 484 1049 9 10 81| 1.49,
27| 0 1 1 94284 417164 1695564 48 1553 527 1205 9 10 81| 1.37,
32| 1 0 0 90336 417340 1695676 18 1243 497 1188 8 10 82| 17.03
37| 4 0 1 84288 417440 1695728 8 812 425 1186 6 10 84| 15.67
42| 0 0 0 89736 417648 1696504 120 1042 539 1340 9 10 81| 14.41
47| 0 1 0 85284 417764 1696692 21 852 452 1329 6 11 83| 13.34
52| 0 0 0 81272 417856 1696992 68 826 499 1552 16 12 72| 12.35
57| 0 0 0 80984 417972 1697520 22 1312 469 1223 7 10 83| 11.52
02| 0 1 2 70984 418476 1697876 38 3401 633 1530 10 11 79| 10.92
07| 0 0 0 67976 418692 1697556 13 1651 510 1444 15 11 74| 10.04
12| 1 0 0 61576 418880 1698244 132 1262 443 1040 13 8 78| 9.40,
17| 2 0 0 59852 419044 1698372 32 1249 473 1060 8 8 84| 8.65,
22| 0 0 0 58108 419268 1698584 31 1198 501 1416 8 10 82| 7.95,
27| 0 0 0 52200 419596 1698988 60 1676 708 2090 10 12 78| 7.56,
32| 0 0 0 51496 419696 1698908 25 1034 487 1280 9 10 81| 6.95,
si and so both remained at 0 the whole time, and swpd was 133920 (eg
something like this)
memory swap
time swpd free buff cache si so uptime
--------|----------------------------------------|------------------
22:54:37| 133920 66440 414628 1691196 0 0 | 2.22, 8.14, 9.14
22:54:42| 133920 66860 414880 1691240 0 0 | 2.04, 8.01, 9.09
22:54:47| 133920 69736 415008 1691384 0 0 | 1.95, 7.89, 9.05
The thing is, I can't see any reason for the load to suddenly jump from
1.37 to 17.03. Apparently there's no sudden disk activity and no sudden
CPU activity.
A few minutes later, another one of these occurs, but there's some other
odd data this time. (Again, I've removed the swap columns as there was
no swap activity at all)
procs memory io system cpu
t r b w free buff cache bi bo in cs us sy id uptime
--|-------------------------------------------------------------|------
17| 0 0 0 38944 425788 1708248 23 702 478 1284 11 9 80| 1.47,
22| 2 0 0 47908 426068 1708900 95 1723 594 1585 9 11 80| 1.35,
27| 0 0 0 41924 426308 1708892 66 1318 586 1625 19 11 70| 1.24,
32| 0 0 0 45108 426468 1705684 14 1099 463 1190 13 9 77| 1.30,
37| 0 0 0 45968 426536 1705760 13 864 372 651 4 7 89| 1.28,
42| 0 0 0 45776 426672 1706032 53 1003 461 1312 6 10 84| 1.17,
47| 0 0 1 44728 426824 1706116 7 1301 598 1884 10 11 79| 1.16,
52| 0 0 0 40880 427004 1706628 96 1015 496 1590 7 11 82| 1.07,
57| 1 0 0 33404 427128 1706720 8 1317 479 1309 6 11 84| 1.06,
02| 2 4 1 21756 427252 1707280 34 1514 757 2066 22 14 63| 0.98,
07| 2 0 0 14236 427612 1710672 392 2638 1231 2735 30 16 55| 18.11
12| 0 0 0 12528 426288 1706112 63 1680 563 1595 13 11 77| 17.22
17| 1 1 1 12140 424696 1704576 32 1301 567 1726 12 14 74| 15.84
22| 0 1 0 22780 425172 1704492 110 1672 796 1879 14 13 73| 14.58
27| 0 17 2 21548 425888 1704576 130 730 417 1031 4 9 87| 13.49
50| 0 1 1 18520 420628 1686628 205 3357 1790 5404 7 10 83| 12.49
55| 0 1 0 32572 420780 1686712 14 1289 584 1527 6 11 83| 14.45
00| 1 0 0 47324 420952 1686768 16 1051 493 1425 9 10 81| 18.50
05| 0 0 0 60980 421188 1687064 77 1005 611 2066 6 15 79| 23.74
10| 0 0 0 59368 421404 1687412 83 1178 600 2049 12 13 75| 22.32
15| 0 0 0 58788 421564 1687976 69 1559 612 1800 11 14 75| 20.62
20| 0 1 0 69484 421760 1688064 30 1342 499 1103 11 10 80| 19.04
25| 0 6 1 61256 421996 1688192 21 1313 530 1170 7 10 83| 17.52
30| 0 36 2 57648 421996 1688216 2 47 303 882 6 8 86| 16.12
35| 0 59 2 46020 422004 1688232 2 0 181 577 3 7 91| 14.83
40| 0 88 2 28064 422004 1688240 0 1 168 958 2 8 90| 13.64
45| 1 3 3 15968 420608 1683860 243 2803 1112 2534 31 19 50| 12.63
50| 0 0 0 36720 420812 1684072 57 1366 584 1596 8 11 80| 12.41
55| 0 1 0 54364 420960 1684360 22 971 541 1704 6 13 81| 14.78
00| 1 0 0 69724 421160 1684328 39 886 426 1371 7 8 85| 18.64
05| 0 0 0 64868 421360 1689448 158 3040 564 1279 6 9 84| 24.28
10| 0 0 0 59380 421460 1689756 53 1813 479 1492 11 13 76| 22.41
15| 0 1 0 62732 421544 1689860 16 1057 373 968 5 10 85| 20.62
20| 0 0 0 62560 421636 1689956 44 959 371 1048 6 9 85| 18.97
25| 0 20 2 59552 421836 1690344 46 950 467 1264 6 9 85| 17.45
Notice the sudden jump again, and this time there is I/O associated with
it, but not what I'd call an excessive amount. But then look 1 minute
later. All the IO activity drops off, lots of processes in the
uninterruptable state, but nothing special happening to the load,
before everything starts firing up again. I thought maybe these had
got out of sync, but I double checked, and each of these lines is
basically being dumped around the same time.
I did one more run, this time doing a dump every 1 second to see if
there was any more detail
1 0 1 1393908 440380 1070184 0 1044 376 1405 9 8 83| 0.49,
0 0 0 1393432 440384 1070264 0 760 508 771 15 5 80| 0.49,
0 0 0 1392728 440384 1070280 0 316 292 1439 2 8 91| 0.45,
0 0 0 1392656 440384 1070288 0 700 348 540 4 6 90| 0.45,
0 0 0 1393772 440384 1070296 0 396 343 1294 1 9 90| 0.45,
0 0 0 1393616 440384 1070332 24 1052 550 735 9 5 85| 0.45,
0 0 0 1392096 440384 1070308 4 1216 543 1951 9 10 80| 0.45,
2 0 0 1391060 440384 1070320 0 700 620 1896 15 10 75| 0.82,
1 1 0 1390360 440404 1070380 64 1648 589 1431 7 8 85| 0.82,
0 0 0 1390012 440432 1070580 116 1520 666 1567 14 9 77| 0.82,
0 0 0 1389732 440432 1070592 8 852 347 623 5 3 92| 0.82,
1 0 0 1390420 440432 1070604 0 1084 372 859 2 6 92| 0.82,
0 0 0 1390104 440436 1070624 8 1004 493 1276 9 7 84| 17.33
0 0 0 1390388 440436 1070628 0 656 369 1067 5 5 90| 17.33
0 0 0 1390712 440436 1070636 4 1024 508 1226 10 8 82| 17.33
0 0 0 1390324 440452 1070660 20 1200 434 1480 6 7 87| 17.33
0 0 0 1389388 440452 1070672 0 1044 458 1403 9 8 83| 17.33
0 0 0 1403856 440452 1070660 0 492 462 997 15 6 79| 15.94
0 0 0 1403744 440476 1070736 84 1236 442 1230 1 10 89| 15.94
2 0 1 1402648 440476 1070728 0 1200 567 1574 10 9 81| 15.94
0 1 0 1400692 440524 1071960 1232 1216 725 1771 14 12 74| 15.94
0 0 0 1399144 440560 1073840 1892 1252 839 2063 11 10 79| 15.94
1 0 0 1399112 440564 1073832 4 712 404 986 1 7 92| 14.74
0 0 0 1399888 440564 1073840 32 608 575 1015 13 6 81| 14.74
1 0 0 1399240 440564 1073836 0 856 541 1249 6 6 88| 14.74
0 0 0 1398340 440564 1073844 0 1368 790 1872 19 11 70| 14.74
0 0 0 1397800 440584 1073916 68 1196 597 1440 5 8 87| 14.74
0 0 0 1397836 440584 1073996 92 608 456 896 2 6 93| 13.56
0 0 0 1397764 440584 1073992 0 756 422 953 0 7 93| 13.56
About 10 seconds after the spike, there's a big IO batch, coincidence?
Could that have something to do with it? Why was there nothing like
that in the first list?
Machine usage:
This server is being used as both an IMAP server and a web server. We're
using Apache 1.3.27 with mod_perl as the web-server, and Cyrus 2.1.7 as
the IMAP server. We use Apache/mod_accel and perdition on another machine
to act as web/imap proxies to the appropriate backend machine (of which
this is just 1 of them). The server never appears to be CPU bound by a
long way (usually 80% idle on both CPUs).
Specification:
Dual AMD Athlon 2000+ MP
Tyan Motherboard
4GB RAM
LSI Logic MegaRAID Express 500 Raid Controller
5x76 GB HD's in RAID5 config
Kernel: (lines I thought relevant from /var/log/dmesg)
Linux version 2.4.19 (root@server5.fastmail.fm) (gcc version 2.96 20000731
(Red Hat Linux 7.3 2.96-112)) #2 SMP Mon Oct 7 18:18:45 CDT 2002
megaraid: v1.18 (Release Date: Thu Oct 11 15:02:53 EDT 2001)
scsi0 : LSI Logic MegaRAID h132 254 commands 16 targs 4 chans 7 luns
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
Kernel command line: ro root=/dev/sda2 rootflags=data=journal noapic
Typical 'top' output:
4:49am up 3:13, 2 users, load average: 10.60, 11.69, 12.73
1016 processes: 1015 sleeping, 1 running, 0 zombie, 0 stopped
CPU0 states: 13.1% user, 6.2% system, 0.0% nice, 80.1% idle
CPU1 states: 9.1% user, 9.5% system, 0.0% nice, 80.4% idle
Mem: 3873940K av, 2729812K used, 1144128K free, 0K shrd, 456512K
buff
Swap: 1052248K av, 0K used, 1052248K free 1209064K
cached
PID USER PRI NI SIZE RSS SHARE STAT %CPU %MEM TIME COMMAND
798 nobody 10 0 31356 30M 20844 S 4.5 0.8 0:01 httpd
32296 root 16 0 1572 1572 736 R 4.4 0.0 0:21 top
601 nobody 10 0 31772 31M 19472 S 3.4 0.8 0:03 httpd
607 nobody 10 0 31684 30M 20296 S 2.1 0.8 0:03 httpd
1093 cyrus 9 0 14392 14M 14088 S 2.1 0.3 0:00 imapd
32477 cyrus 9 0 14356 14M 14052 S 1.9 0.3 0:00 imapd
1007 cyrus 9 0 14256 13M 13952 S 1.7 0.3 0:00 imapd
1097 cyrus 9 0 14216 13M 13920 S 1.7 0.3 0:00 imapd
10 root 11 0 0 0 0 SW 1.1 0.0 1:11 kjournald
941 nobody 9 0 30556 29M 20896 S 1.1 0.7 0:00 httpd
608 nobody 9 0 29740 29M 20408 S 0.9 0.7 0:02 httpd
745 nobody 9 0 5236 5236 1528 S 0.5 0.1 0:44 rated.pl
1441 postfix 9 0 1356 1356 1000 S 0.5 0.0 0:05 qmgr
1452 nobody 5 -10 4668 4668 1572 S < 0.5 0.1 0:27 imappool.pl
30613 cyrus 10 0 7120 7120 5228 S 0.5 0.1 0:02 saslperld.pl
1094 cyrus 9 0 1596 1592 1296 S 0.5 0.0 0:00 imapd
7 root 11 0 0 0 0 SW 0.3 0.0 0:44 kupdated
808 cyrus 15 0 1364 1364 844 S 0.3 0.0 0:18 master
1114 cyrus 11 0 1232 1228 980 S 0.3 0.0 0:00 pop3d
(this doesn't change radically, whether the load is in a low spot or
a high spot)
/proc/meminfo output:
[root@server5 flush]# cat /proc/meminfo
total: used: free: shared: buffers: cached:
Mem: 3966914560 2814578688 1152335872 0 468127744 1246683136
Swap: 1077501952 0 1077501952
MemTotal: 3873940 kB
MemFree: 1125328 kB
MemShared: 0 kB
Buffers: 457156 kB
Cached: 1217464 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 1062396 kB
Inactive: 1461100 kB
HighTotal: 3006400 kB
HighFree: 937256 kB
LowTotal: 867540 kB
LowFree: 188072 kB
SwapTotal: 1052248 kB
SwapFree: 1052248 kB
Other:
All syslog files are async (- prefix)
Filesystem is ext3 with one big / partition (that's a mistake
we won't repeat, but too late now). This should be mounted
with data=journal given the kernel command line above, though
it's a bit hard to tell from the dmesg log:
EXT3-fs: INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem.
EXT3-fs: write access will be enabled during recovery.
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs: recovery complete.
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with journal data mode.
VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) readonly.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 120k freed
Adding Swap: 1052248k swap-space (priority -1)
EXT3 FS 2.4-0.9.17, 10 Jan 2002 on sd(8,2), internal journal
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS 2.4-0.9.17, 10 Jan 2002 on sd(8,1), internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
We've tried enabling the write-back mode on the SCSI controller.
Unfortunately the box is in a colo, so we can only take their
word that they've enabled it in the bios, even though when we
do:
[root@server5 flush]# scsiinfo -c /dev/sda
Data from Caching Page
----------------------
Write Cache 0
Read Cache 1
Prefetch units 0
Demand Read Retention Priority 0
Demand Write Retention Priority 0
Disable Pre-fetch Transfer Length 0
Minimum Pre-fetch 0
Maximum Pre-fetch 0
Maximum Pre-fetch Ceiling 0
We're not convinced...
We've also tuned the bdflush parameters a few times. Based on this
article:
http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-fs8.html?dwzone=linux
[root@server5 hm]# cat /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
39 500 0 0 60 300 60 0 0
We also tried playing around with these somemore, lowering the
nfract and age_buffer and ndirty values, but none of it seemed to
make any difference.
If anyone has any clues as to what might be causing this, and what to
do about it, we'd really appreciate some information. At the moment
we're at a complete loss about where to go from here. Happy to supply
any extra info that people might think would be helpful.
Rob Mueller
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-12 1:12 Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel Rob Mueller
@ 2002-10-12 1:25 ` Andrew Morton
2002-10-12 2:25 ` Rob Mueller
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Morton @ 2002-10-12 1:25 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Rob Mueller; +Cc: linux-kernel
Rob Mueller wrote:
>
> Filesystem is ext3 with one big / partition (that's a mistake
> we won't repeat, but too late now). This should be mounted
> with data=journal given the kernel command line above, though
> it's a bit hard to tell from the dmesg log:
>
It's possible tht the journal keeps on filling. When that happens,
everything has to wait for writeback into the main filesystem.
Completion of that writeback frees up journal space and then everything
can unblock.
Suggest you try data=ordered.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-12 1:25 ` Andrew Morton
@ 2002-10-12 2:25 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-12 3:07 ` Andrew Morton
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Rob Mueller @ 2002-10-12 2:25 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton; +Cc: linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
> > Filesystem is ext3 with one big / partition (that's a mistake
> > we won't repeat, but too late now). This should be mounted
> > with data=journal given the kernel command line above, though
> > it's a bit hard to tell from the dmesg log:
> >
>
> It's possible tht the journal keeps on filling. When that happens,
> everything has to wait for writeback into the main filesystem.
> Completion of that writeback frees up journal space and then everything
> can unblock.
>
> Suggest you try data=ordered.
We have a 192M journal, and from the dmesg log it's saying that it's got a 5
second flush interval, so I can't imagine that the journal is filling, but
we'll try it and see I guess.
What I don't understand is why the spike is so sudden, and decays so slowly.
It's Friday night now, so the load is fairly low. I setup a loop to dump
uptime information every 10 seconds and attached the result below. It's
running smoothly, then 'bam', it's hit with something big, which then slowly
decays off.
A few extra things:
1. It happens every couple of minutes or so, but not exactly on any time, so
it's not a cron job or anything
2. Viewing 'top', there are no extra processes obviously running when it
happens
Rob
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-12 2:25 ` Rob Mueller
@ 2002-10-12 3:07 ` Andrew Morton
2002-10-12 6:37 ` Rob Mueller
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Morton @ 2002-10-12 3:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Rob Mueller; +Cc: linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
Rob Mueller wrote:
>
> > > Filesystem is ext3 with one big / partition (that's a mistake
> > > we won't repeat, but too late now). This should be mounted
> > > with data=journal given the kernel command line above, though
> > > it's a bit hard to tell from the dmesg log:
> > >
> >
> > It's possible tht the journal keeps on filling. When that happens,
> > everything has to wait for writeback into the main filesystem.
> > Completion of that writeback frees up journal space and then everything
> > can unblock.
> >
> > Suggest you try data=ordered.
>
> We have a 192M journal, and from the dmesg log it's saying that it's got a 5
> second flush interval, so I can't imagine that the journal is filling, but
> we'll try it and see I guess.
>
> What I don't understand is why the spike is so sudden, and decays so slowly.
> It's Friday night now, so the load is fairly low. I setup a loop to dump
> uptime information every 10 seconds and attached the result below. It's
> running smoothly, then 'bam', it's hit with something big, which then slowly
> decays off.
>
> A few extra things:
> 1. It happens every couple of minutes or so, but not exactly on any time, so
> it's not a cron job or anything
> 2. Viewing 'top', there are no extra processes obviously running when it
> happens
>
If it was this, one would expect it to happen every time you'd written
0.75 * 192 Mbytes to the filesystem. Which seems about right.
Easy enough to test though.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-12 3:07 ` Andrew Morton
@ 2002-10-12 6:37 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-12 6:44 ` Andrew Morton
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Rob Mueller @ 2002-10-12 6:37 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton; +Cc: linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
> If it was this, one would expect it to happen every time you'd written
> 0.75 * 192 Mbytes to the filesystem. Which seems about right.
>
> Easy enough to test though.
Hmmm, so why wouldn't the journal be flushing more regularly (the 5 seconds
it's claiming in desg), or is that something we should ask on the ext3 list?
Apart from remounting the filesystem, is there any easy way to test this
(again, silly mounted as /, so I think it's a reboot every time to try a new
mounting configuration?)
Thanks
Rob
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-12 6:37 ` Rob Mueller
@ 2002-10-12 6:44 ` Andrew Morton
2002-10-12 6:52 ` Rob Mueller
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Morton @ 2002-10-12 6:44 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Rob Mueller; +Cc: linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
Rob Mueller wrote:
>
> > If it was this, one would expect it to happen every time you'd written
> > 0.75 * 192 Mbytes to the filesystem. Which seems about right.
> >
> > Easy enough to test though.
>
> Hmmm, so why wouldn't the journal be flushing more regularly (the 5 seconds
> it's claiming in desg), or is that something we should ask on the ext3 list?
It commits your changes to the journal every five seconds. But your data
is then only in the journal. It still needs to be written into your files.
That writeback is controlled by the normal kernel 30-second writeback
timing. If that writeback isn't keeping up, kjournald needs to
force the writeback so it can recycle that data's space in the journal.
While that writeback is happening, everything tends to wait on it.
It is suspected that ext3 gets the flushtime on those buffers
wrong as well, so the writeback isn't happening right.
> Apart from remounting the filesystem, is there any easy way to test this
> (again, silly mounted as /, so I think it's a reboot every time to try a new
> mounting configuration?)
>
You'll need to reboot.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-12 6:44 ` Andrew Morton
@ 2002-10-12 6:52 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-12 7:00 ` Andrew Morton
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Rob Mueller @ 2002-10-12 6:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton; +Cc: linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
> It commits your changes to the journal every five seconds. But your data
> is then only in the journal. It still needs to be written into your
files.
> That writeback is controlled by the normal kernel 30-second writeback
> timing. If that writeback isn't keeping up, kjournald needs to
> force the writeback so it can recycle that data's space in the journal.
>
> While that writeback is happening, everything tends to wait on it.
Doesn't bdflush let you control this? I noted in my first post that we'd
played with changing bdflush params as described here:
http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-fs8.html?dwzone=linux
And set them to this:
[root@server5 hm]# cat /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
39 500 0 0 60 300 60 0 0
Shouldn't this reduce it to writing every 3 seconds? We tried lowering some
of the values even further based on the description here:
http://www.bb-zone.com/zope/bbzone/docs/slgfg/part2/cha04/sec04
So we altered the first one (nfract) to 10(%) to try and keep the dirty
buffer list small, but that didn't help either. I sort of thought that
age_buffer at 3 seconds would be more likely to activate anyway than 40% of
buffers being dirty?
> It is suspected that ext3 gets the flushtime on those buffers
> wrong as well, so the writeback isn't happening right.
So you're saying that ext3 is somehow breaking the standard kernel writeback
code? Is this something they know about, and/or are addressing?
Rob
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-12 6:52 ` Rob Mueller
@ 2002-10-12 7:00 ` Andrew Morton
2002-10-13 6:14 ` Rob Mueller
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Morton @ 2002-10-12 7:00 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Rob Mueller; +Cc: linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
Rob Mueller wrote:
>
> > It commits your changes to the journal every five seconds. But your data
> > is then only in the journal. It still needs to be written into your
> files.
> > That writeback is controlled by the normal kernel 30-second writeback
> > timing. If that writeback isn't keeping up, kjournald needs to
> > force the writeback so it can recycle that data's space in the journal.
> >
> > While that writeback is happening, everything tends to wait on it.
>
> Doesn't bdflush let you control this?
It doesn't work if the buffer flushtimes are wrong.
> So you're saying that ext3 is somehow breaking the standard kernel writeback
> code?
Possibly. Please try ordered mode.
> Is this something they know about
yes
> , and/or are addressing?
Not yet. Yours is only the second report. Possible report.
Please try ordered mode. The below will fix journalled
mode, if this is indeed the source of the problem
--- 2.4.19-pre10/fs/buffer.c~ext3-flushtime Wed Jun 5 21:39:14 2002
+++ 2.4.19-pre10-akpm/fs/buffer.c Wed Jun 5 21:39:22 2002
@@ -1067,6 +1067,8 @@ static void __refile_buffer(struct buffe
bh->b_list = dispose;
if (dispose == BUF_CLEAN)
remove_inode_queue(bh);
+ if (dispose == BUF_DIRTY)
+ set_buffer_flushtime(bh);
__insert_into_lru_list(bh, dispose);
}
}
--- 2.4.19-pre10/fs/jbd/transaction.c~ext3-flushtime Wed Jun 5 21:39:18 2002
+++ 2.4.19-pre10-akpm/fs/jbd/transaction.c Wed Jun 5 21:39:22 2002
@@ -1101,7 +1101,6 @@ int journal_dirty_metadata (handle_t *ha
spin_lock(&journal_datalist_lock);
set_bit(BH_JBDDirty, &bh->b_state);
- set_buffer_flushtime(bh);
J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_transaction != NULL);
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-12 7:00 ` Andrew Morton
@ 2002-10-13 6:14 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-13 7:27 ` Simon Kirby
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Rob Mueller @ 2002-10-13 6:14 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton; +Cc: linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
> > So you're saying that ext3 is somehow breaking the standard kernel
writeback
> > code?
>
> Possibly. Please try ordered mode.
Ok, we've now tried ordered mode, and are seeing exactly the same behaviour,
no change. No processes in a waiting state or blocked state at all, but
still big load spikes. See my other post for an alternating uptime/ps
output.
> Not yet. Yours is only the second report. Possible report.
> Please try ordered mode. The below will fix journalled
> mode, if this is indeed the source of the problem
We tried applying this patch, but no change either. Again, we've tried both
journaled and ordered.
Rob
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 6:14 ` Rob Mueller
@ 2002-10-13 7:27 ` Simon Kirby
0 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Simon Kirby @ 2002-10-13 7:27 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Rob Mueller; +Cc: Andrew Morton, linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
On Sun, Oct 13, 2002 at 04:14:18PM +1000, Rob Mueller wrote:
> > Not yet. Yours is only the second report. Possible report.
> > Please try ordered mode. The below will fix journalled
> > mode, if this is indeed the source of the problem
>
> We tried applying this patch, but no change either. Again, we've tried both
> journaled and ordered.
Hmmm.. Your vmstat output looked a lot like our mail server when we
recently tried switching it to ext3. We also saw large load spikes, but
I did not investigate it very closely. Have you tried mounting as ext2
to see if journalling is responsible?
If it's a mail server, does it use dotlocking (creation and deletion of
lots of small/empty files)? I haven't had any time recently to look at
this any further, but at the time I had guessed that this had something
to do with the constant write-out...
Simon-
[ Simon Kirby ][ Network Operations ]
[ sim@netnation.com ][ NetNation Communications ]
[ Opinions expressed are not necessarily those of my employer. ]
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
@ 2002-10-12 3:10 Joseph D. Wagner
0 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Joseph D. Wagner @ 2002-10-12 3:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Linux Kernel Development List
I doubt it's the journal, but remember that data=journal requires a much
larger journal than data=ordered.
I'd suggest the following:
1) If you don't need to know when a file was last accessed, mount the
ext3 file system with the -noatime option. This disables updating of
the "Last Accessed On:" property, which should significantly increase
throughput.
2) EXT3 is optimized for writes but it sounds like your server is used
primarily for reads. (If, I'm wrong, ignore this point.) Try:
/sbin/elvtune -r 16384 -w 8192 /dev/mount-point
where mount-point is the partition (e.g. /dev/hda5)
If this only makes things worse, it means either 1) my numbers are too
big, or 2) your system should be optimized for writes. (BTW, the
default is -r 4096 -w 8192.)
You can also try other elvtune settings. Once you have found elvtune
settings that give you your most satisfactory mix of latency and
throughput for your application set, you can add the calls to the
/sbin/elvtune program to the end of your /etc/rc.d/rc.local script so
that they are set again to your chosen values at every boot.
3) If the above don't work, double the journal size.
Hope this helped.
Joseph Wagner
P.S. You'd probably get more help from the ext3 mailing list.
-----Original Message-----
From: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org
[mailto:linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Rob Mueller
Sent: Friday, October 11, 2002 9:26 PM
To: Andrew Morton
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org; Jeremy Howard
Subject: Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
> > Filesystem is ext3 with one big / partition (that's a mistake
> > we won't repeat, but too late now). This should be mounted
> > with data=journal given the kernel command line above, though
> > it's a bit hard to tell from the dmesg log:
> >
>
> It's possible tht the journal keeps on filling. When that happens,
> everything has to wait for writeback into the main filesystem.
> Completion of that writeback frees up journal space and then
everything
> can unblock.
>
> Suggest you try data=ordered.
We have a 192M journal, and from the dmesg log it's saying that it's got
a 5
second flush interval, so I can't imagine that the journal is filling,
but
we'll try it and see I guess.
What I don't understand is why the spike is so sudden, and decays so
slowly.
It's Friday night now, so the load is fairly low. I setup a loop to dump
uptime information every 10 seconds and attached the result below. It's
running smoothly, then 'bam', it's hit with something big, which then
slowly
decays off.
A few extra things:
1. It happens every couple of minutes or so, but not exactly on any
time, so
it's not a cron job or anything
2. Viewing 'top', there are no extra processes obviously running when it
happens
Rob
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
@ 2002-10-12 3:13 Joseph D. Wagner
0 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Joseph D. Wagner @ 2002-10-12 3:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: 'Linux Kernel Development List'; +Cc: 'Rob Mueller'
Also, try doing a:
dumpe2fs
and sending us back the data.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
[parent not found: <001401c2719b$9d45c4a0$53241c43@joe>]
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
[not found] <001401c2719b$9d45c4a0$53241c43@joe>
@ 2002-10-12 6:54 ` Rob Mueller
0 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Rob Mueller @ 2002-10-12 6:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel; +Cc: Joseph D. Wagner, Jeremy Howard
> 1) If you don't need to know when a file was last accessed, mount the
> ext3 file system with the -noatime option. This disables updating of
> the "Last Accessed On:" property, which should significantly increase
> throughput.
Yes, already did that. Should have noted our fstab entry:
/dev/sda2 / ext3 defaults,noatime 1 1
> /sbin/elvtune -r 16384 -w 8192 /dev/mount-point
> where mount-point is the partition (e.g. /dev/hda5)
Thanks, we'll give this a try. Didn't know about this one before.
> 3) If the above don't work, double the journal size.
As you noted, we seem to be doing more reads than writes, so I'd be suprised
if 192M wasn't enough...
> P.S. You'd probably get more help from the ext3 mailing list.
I wasn't too sure that it was an I/O problem, which is why I posted here. As
the vmstat output showed, there didn't seem to be any sudden excessive I/O
occuring, but the load would jump enormously.
Maybe we should definitely try some different journaling modes, or disabling
journalling all together, to test if that is the actual culprit...
Rob
PS. I forgot to include the uptime dump in my last post. I just wanted to
show how spikey it was. Basically there's a long falling off decay, and then
a sudden spike again... which decays off... and then spikes again...
basically repeat what you see below over and over and over in 5-10 minute
intervals...
1:29am up 23:50, 3 users, load average: 0.35, 2.49, 2.73
1:29am up 23:51, 2 users, load average: 0.45, 2.44, 2.71
1:29am up 23:51, 2 users, load average: 0.70, 2.42, 2.71
1:29am up 23:51, 2 users, load average: 0.59, 2.34, 2.68
1:29am up 23:51, 2 users, load average: 0.58, 2.28, 2.65
1:29am up 23:51, 2 users, load average: 0.49, 2.21, 2.62
1:30am up 23:51, 2 users, load average: 0.49, 2.15, 2.60
1:30am up 23:52, 2 users, load average: 21.39, 6.43, 3.98
1:30am up 23:52, 2 users, load average: 18.10, 6.22, 3.94
1:30am up 23:52, 2 users, load average: 15.32, 6.01, 3.89
1:30am up 23:52, 2 users, load average: 13.04, 5.83, 3.86
1:30am up 23:52, 2 users, load average: 11.03, 5.64, 3.81
1:31am up 23:52, 2 users, load average: 9.41, 5.47, 3.78
1:31am up 23:53, 2 users, load average: 7.96, 5.29, 3.74
1:31am up 23:53, 2 users, load average: 6.81, 5.13, 3.70
1:31am up 23:53, 2 users, load average: 5.76, 4.96, 3.66
1:31am up 23:53, 2 users, load average: 4.88, 4.80, 3.62
1:31am up 23:53, 2 users, load average: 4.13, 4.64, 3.58
1:32am up 23:53, 2 users, load average: 3.49, 4.48, 3.54
1:32am up 23:54, 2 users, load average: 2.95, 4.34, 3.51
1:32am up 23:54, 2 users, load average: 2.50, 4.19, 3.47
1:32am up 23:54, 2 users, load average: 2.12, 4.05, 3.43
1:32am up 23:54, 2 users, load average: 1.79, 3.92, 3.39
1:32am up 23:54, 2 users, load average: 1.51, 3.79, 3.36
1:33am up 23:54, 2 users, load average: 1.43, 3.70, 3.33
1:33am up 23:55, 2 users, load average: 1.21, 3.58, 3.30
1:33am up 23:55, 2 users, load average: 1.03, 3.46, 3.26
1:33am up 23:55, 2 users, load average: 1.03, 3.38, 3.23
1:33am up 23:55, 2 users, load average: 0.87, 3.27, 3.20
1:33am up 23:55, 2 users, load average: 0.82, 3.17, 3.17
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
[parent not found: <Pine.LNX.4.33.0210121605490.16179-100000@coffee.psychology.mcmaster.ca>]
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
[not found] <Pine.LNX.4.33.0210121605490.16179-100000@coffee.psychology.mcmaster.ca>
@ 2002-10-13 0:49 ` Rob Mueller
0 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Rob Mueller @ 2002-10-13 0:49 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Mark Hahn; +Cc: linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
> but that load of 21 is really just an artifact of a bunch
> of procs being in short-term io wait (D state in top/ps), right?
> such procs get counted in loadaverage, even though they're asleep,
> not eating cycles.
Well I tried running this:
while true; do uptime; ps -wax | grep -v ' S' | grep -v 'ps -wax'; sleep 5;
done
Which should show all procs not in the sleep state (except the ps process
itself) every 5 seconds, along with an uptime load. See output below, which
again has a load jump about half way down. It appears no extra processes are
in the 'D' state. And no extra CPU load appears either during the spike.
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:06, 2 users, load average: 0.29, 0.67, 2.11
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 0.27, 0.66, 2.10
19784 ? R 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 0.24, 0.65, 2.09
19808 ? R 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 0.22, 0.64, 2.08
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 0.21, 0.63, 2.07
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 27.65, 6.46, 3.95
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 25.44, 6.35, 3.93
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 23.40, 6.25, 3.90
19668 ? R 0:00 imapd
19669 ? R 0:00 imapd
19742 ? D 0:00 imapd
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 21.53, 6.14, 3.88
19784 ? R 0:01 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 19.80, 6.04, 3.86
7:45pm up 1 day, 18:07, 2 users, load average: 18.22, 5.94, 3.84
I did notice a very small load jump earlier caused by what you describe
above, which seems to be due to the journal being flushed, but notice how
small this jump is in comparison to the one above...
7:38pm up 1 day, 18:00, 2 users, load average: 0.63, 1.47, 2.97
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:00, 2 users, load average: 0.58, 1.45, 2.96
18564 ? D 0:00 imapd
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:00, 2 users, load average: 0.53, 1.42, 2.94
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 0.49, 1.40, 2.93
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 0.53, 1.39, 2.92
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 0.76, 1.41, 2.91
1441 ? D 1:23 qmgr -l -t fifo -u
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 1.26, 1.50, 2.93
10 ? DW 17:08 [kjournald]
1577 ? D 0:00 imapd
16346 ? D 0:00 lmtpd -a
16393 ? D 0:00 imapd
16427 ? D 0:00 lmtpd -a
17349 ? D 0:00 imapd
17481 ? D 0:00 lmtpd -a
18356 ? D 0:00 imapd
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 1.16, 1.48, 2.91
465 ? R 5:57 syslogd -m 0
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 1.07, 1.45, 2.89
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 0.98, 1.43, 2.88
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 0.98, 1.42, 2.87
7:39pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 0.90, 1.40, 2.85
7:40pm up 1 day, 18:01, 2 users, load average: 0.99, 1.41, 2.85
1
Now I'm more confused than ever, because there don't actually appear to be
any blocked processes at all? What is going on???
Rob Mueller
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
[parent not found: <Pine.LNX.4.33.0210130202070.17395-100000@coffee.psychology.mcmaster.ca>]
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
[not found] <Pine.LNX.4.33.0210130202070.17395-100000@coffee.psychology.mcmaster.ca>
@ 2002-10-13 6:34 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-13 7:01 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 12:31 ` Marius Gedminas
0 siblings, 2 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Rob Mueller @ 2002-10-13 6:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Mark Hahn; +Cc: linux-kernel, Jeremy Howard
We've just discovered that this is actually happening on another one of our
machines as well. This machine uses 2.4.18 kernel, ext3 and has 2 SCSI
drives and 2 IDE drives which hold the main user mailbox data. Also it's a
P3 with a completely different motherboard rather than an Athlon, so it
doesn't seem to be hardware related in that respect.
> well, it's conceivable that if something is blocking a bunch
> of procs, it would also block your shell and ps, so not show up.
> "vmstat 1" might work better, though it's munging plenty of
> /proc files so is hardly immune to that.
But the ps/shell would only use CPU time, and there's plenty of that
available. Unless it was something everything would block on... what could
that be? A spin lock or something? Some interrupt routine? Would that even
result in other processes being counted as blocked process?
Also Let me do a calculation, though I have no idea if this is right or
not...
a) the first item in the uptime output is 'system load average for the last
1 minute'
b) it seems to only update/recalculate every 5 seconds
c) it jumps from < 1 to 20 in 1 interval (eg 5 seconds)
This means that for it to jump from < 1 to 20 in 5 seconds, there must be on
average about 60/5 * 20 = 240 processes blocked over those 5 seconds waiting
for run time of some sort for the load to jump 20 points. Is that right?
> but it's worth asking: do you notice a hiccup other than by looking
> at the loadav? that is, suppose the loadav is simply miscalculated...
Well yes, there definitely does seem to be a performance hit on the whole
system when the load jumps, everything feels significantly more 'sluggish'
during the spikes is the best I can describe it right now...
Rob
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 6:34 ` Rob Mueller
@ 2002-10-13 7:01 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 7:01 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:59 ` Anton Blanchard
2002-10-13 12:31 ` Marius Gedminas
1 sibling, 2 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Joseph D. Wagner @ 2002-10-13 7:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: 'Rob Mueller', 'Mark Hahn'
Cc: linux-kernel, 'Jeremy Howard'
I'll let you in on a dirty little secret. The Linux file system does
not utilize SMP. That's right. All file processes go through one and
only one processor. It has to do with the fact that the Linux kernel is
a non-preemptive kernel.
Linus, in his infinite wisdom, made a "strategiery" decision that it
would be better for one process to be able to grind your machine to a
halt than to redo and rework sections of the kernel that don't allow for
preemption.
Try switching kernels to the Linux Kernel Preemption Project:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/kpreempt
-----Original Message-----
From: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org
[mailto:linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Rob Mueller
Sent: Sunday, October 13, 2002 1:34 AM
To: Mark Hahn
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org; Jeremy Howard
Subject: Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
We've just discovered that this is actually happening on another one of
our
machines as well. This machine uses 2.4.18 kernel, ext3 and has 2 SCSI
drives and 2 IDE drives which hold the main user mailbox data. Also it's
a
P3 with a completely different motherboard rather than an Athlon, so it
doesn't seem to be hardware related in that respect.
> well, it's conceivable that if something is blocking a bunch
> of procs, it would also block your shell and ps, so not show up.
> "vmstat 1" might work better, though it's munging plenty of
> /proc files so is hardly immune to that.
But the ps/shell would only use CPU time, and there's plenty of that
available. Unless it was something everything would block on... what
could
that be? A spin lock or something? Some interrupt routine? Would that
even
result in other processes being counted as blocked process?
Also Let me do a calculation, though I have no idea if this is right or
not...
a) the first item in the uptime output is 'system load average for the
last
1 minute'
b) it seems to only update/recalculate every 5 seconds
c) it jumps from < 1 to 20 in 1 interval (eg 5 seconds)
This means that for it to jump from < 1 to 20 in 5 seconds, there must
be on
average about 60/5 * 20 = 240 processes blocked over those 5 seconds
waiting
for run time of some sort for the load to jump 20 points. Is that right?
> but it's worth asking: do you notice a hiccup other than by looking
> at the loadav? that is, suppose the loadav is simply miscalculated...
Well yes, there definitely does seem to be a performance hit on the
whole
system when the load jumps, everything feels significantly more
'sluggish'
during the spikes is the best I can describe it right now...
Rob
-
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel"
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the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 7:01 ` Joseph D. Wagner
@ 2002-10-13 7:01 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 7:49 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 8:59 ` Anton Blanchard
1 sibling, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: David S. Miller @ 2002-10-13 7:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: wagnerjd; +Cc: robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
From: "Joseph D. Wagner" <wagnerjd@prodigy.net>
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2002 02:01:44 -0500
I'll let you in on a dirty little secret. The Linux file system does
not utilize SMP. That's right. All file processes go through one and
only one processor. It has to do with the fact that the Linux kernel is
a non-preemptive kernel.
Not true, page cache accesses (translation: read and write)
go through the page cache which is fully multi-threaded.
Allocating blocks and inodes, yes that is currently single
threaded on SMP. But there is no fundamental reason for that,
we just haven't gotten around to threading that bit yet.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 7:01 ` David S. Miller
@ 2002-10-13 7:49 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 7:50 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-16 21:00 ` Bill Davidsen
0 siblings, 2 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Joseph D. Wagner @ 2002-10-13 7:49 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: 'David S. Miller'; +Cc: robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
>> I'll let you in on a dirty little secret. The Linux file
>> system does not utilize SMP. That's right. All file
>> processes go through one and only one processor. It has
>> to do with the fact that the Linux kernel is a non-preemptive
>> kernel.
> Not true, page cache accesses (translation: read and write)
> go through the page cache which is fully multi-threaded.
> Allocating blocks and inodes, yes that is currently single
> threaded on SMP.
Now wait a minute! Allocating blocks and inodes is an integral part of
a write. Oh sure the actual writing of file data is SMP, but that
process is bottlenecked by single threaded allocation of blocks and
inodes. Perhaps I could phrase what I said to be more technically
accurate by saying, "Writing makes such poor use of multi-threading on
SMP that in terms of performance it's as if it was single threaded."
> But there is no fundamental reason for that, we just haven't
> gotten around to threading that bit yet.
Oh yes there is. What if an allocation of blocks and/or inodes is
preempted? Another thread could attempt to allocate the same set of
blocks and/or inodes.
This isn't a problem on a uniprocessor system because only one processor
can access any data structure at any given time.
However, on SMP two kernel control paths running on different CPUs could
concurrently access the same data structure. There's two ways to deal
with this error: 1) the lazy way and the way Linus decided to go was to
run block and inode allocation through one single thread, or 2) the
better way is to preempt the other process which would require a) a
preemptive kernel and b) synchronization (and as a programmer I can tell
you that synchronization gets messy if not thoroughly designed and
implemented).
Rather than go through all the work of rewriting the kernel to be
preemptive and significantly improving synchronization routines (a lot
of work), Linus chose to solve the problem by avoiding it, rather than
dealing with it as he should have.
If you don't believe me, prove me wrong. Write the code. If you ever
got your @$$ around to it, you'd see that I'm right.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 7:49 ` Joseph D. Wagner
@ 2002-10-13 7:50 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:16 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-16 21:00 ` Bill Davidsen
1 sibling, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: David S. Miller @ 2002-10-13 7:50 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: wagnerjd; +Cc: robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
From: "Joseph D. Wagner" <wagnerjd@prodigy.net>
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2002 02:49:55 -0500
> But there is no fundamental reason for that, we just haven't
> gotten around to threading that bit yet.
Oh yes there is. What if an allocation of blocks and/or inodes is
preempted? Another thread could attempt to allocate the same set of
blocks and/or inodes.
That's why we protect the allocation with SMP locking primitives
which under Linux prevent preemption.
This isn't rocket science, the IP networking is fully threaded for
example and I consider that about as hard to thread as something like
ext2/ext3 inode/block allocation.
Also, as Andi Kleen noted, it's actually filesystem dependant whether
the inode/block allocation is threaded or not.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 7:50 ` David S. Miller
@ 2002-10-13 8:16 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 8:13 ` David S. Miller
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Joseph D. Wagner @ 2002-10-13 8:16 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: 'David S. Miller'; +Cc: robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
>>> But there is no fundamental reason for that, we just haven't
>>> gotten around to threading that bit yet.
>> Oh yes there is. What if an allocation of blocks and/or
>> inodes is preempted? Another thread could attempt to
>> allocate the same set of blocks and/or inodes.
> That's why we protect the allocation with SMP locking
> primitives which under Linux prevent preemption.
"SMP locking primitives"? Tell me what that is again? Oh yeah! That's
when the kernel basically gives SMP a timeout and behaves as if there
was only one processor.
So in effect, I was right. File processes really do use one and only
one processor.
> This isn't rocket science....
I agree. I totally agree.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 8:16 ` Joseph D. Wagner
@ 2002-10-13 8:13 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:40 ` Joseph D. Wagner
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: David S. Miller @ 2002-10-13 8:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: wagnerjd; +Cc: robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
From: "Joseph D. Wagner" <wagnerjd@prodigy.net>
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2002 03:16:30 -0500
"SMP locking primitives"? Tell me what that is again? Oh yeah! That's
when the kernel basically gives SMP a timeout and behaves as if there
was only one processor.
So in effect, I was right. File processes really do use one and only
one processor.
Not true. While a block is being allocated on mounted filesystem X
on one cpu, a TCP packet can be being processed on another processor and
a block can be allocated on mounted filesystem Y on another processor.
Actually, it can even be threaded to the point where block allocations
on the same filesystem can occur in parallel as long as it is being
done for different block groups.
So in effect, you're not so right.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 8:13 ` David S. Miller
@ 2002-10-13 8:40 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 8:45 ` David S. Miller
` (4 more replies)
0 siblings, 5 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Joseph D. Wagner @ 2002-10-13 8:40 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: 'David S. Miller'; +Cc: robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
> Not true. While a block is being allocated on mounted
> filesystem X on one cpu, a TCP packet can be being
> processed on another processor and a block can be allocated
> on mounted filesystem Y on another processor.
Does anyone besides me notice that the more Dave and I argue the longer
and longer the list of extenuating circumstances gets in order for Dave
to continue to be right?
In this email, I'm not right if the data is on separate partitions.
Dave, do you realize how many people, despite advice to the contrary,
put everything on one honk'in / partition? For all those people, I'm
right.
Dave, you're confusing the rule with the exceptions to the rule. I'm
right as a general rule, and you're pointing out all the exceptions to
the rule to try to prove that I'm wrong.
> Actually, it can even be threaded to the point where
> block allocations on the same filesystem can occur in
> parallel as long as it is being done for different
> block groups.
Prove it. If you can code multi-threading SMP block and inode
allocation using a non-preemptive kernel (which Linux is) ON THE SAME
PARTITION, I will eat my hard drive.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 8:40 ` Joseph D. Wagner
@ 2002-10-13 8:45 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:48 ` Mike Galbraith
` (3 subsequent siblings)
4 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: David S. Miller @ 2002-10-13 8:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: wagnerjd; +Cc: robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
From: "Joseph D. Wagner" <wagnerjd@prodigy.net>
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2002 03:40:51 -0500
If you can code multi-threading SMP block and inode
allocation using a non-preemptive kernel (which Linux is) ON THE SAME
PARTITION, I will eat my hard drive.
First, what you're asking me for is already occuring in the reiserfs
and xfs code in 2.5.x.
Now onto ext2/ext3 where it doesn't exactly happen now.
It can easily be done using the SMP atomic bit operations we have in
the kernel. On many cpus (x86 is one) it would thus reduce to one
atomic instruction to allocate a block or inode anywhere on the
filesystem, no locks even needed to make it atomic.
Allocating a block/inode is just a compare and set operation after
all. The block/inode maps in ext2/ext3 are already just plain
bitmaps suitable for sending to the SMP bit operations we have.
It's very doable and I've even discussed this with Stephen Tweedie
and others in the past.
I think I bring some credibility to the table, being that I worked on
threading the entire Linux networking. You can choose to disagree. :)
Why hasn't it been done? Because ext2/ext3 block allocation
synchronization isn't showing up high on anyone's profiles at all
since the operations are so short and quick that the lock is dropped
almost immediately after it is taken. And it's not like people aren't
running large workloads on 16-way and higher NUMA boxes in 2.5.x.
Copying the data around and doing the I/O eats the bulk of the
computing cycles.
And if you're of the "numbers talk, bullshit walks" variety just have
a look at the Linux specweb99 submissions if you don't believe the
Linux kernel can scale quite well. Show us something that scales
better than what we have now if you're going to say we suck. We do
suck, just a lot less than most implementations. :-)
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 8:40 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 8:45 ` David S. Miller
@ 2002-10-13 8:48 ` Mike Galbraith
2002-10-13 8:48 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:51 ` William Lee Irwin III
` (2 subsequent siblings)
4 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Mike Galbraith @ 2002-10-13 8:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joseph D. Wagner, 'David S. Miller'
Cc: robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
At 03:40 AM 10/13/2002 -0500, Joseph D. Wagner wrote:
> > Not true. While a block is being allocated on mounted
> > filesystem X on one cpu, a TCP packet can be being
> > processed on another processor and a block can be allocated
> > on mounted filesystem Y on another processor.
>
>Does anyone besides me notice that the more Dave and I argue the longer
>and longer the list of extenuating circumstances gets in order for Dave
>to continue to be right?
Nope. You seem to think "threaded" means there can be no critical sections.
-Mike
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 8:48 ` Mike Galbraith
@ 2002-10-13 8:48 ` David S. Miller
0 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: David S. Miller @ 2002-10-13 8:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: efault; +Cc: wagnerjd, robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
From: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2002 10:48:21 +0200
You seem to think "threaded" means there can be no critical sections.
And as I mention in my other email, the allocation can be
broken down into a single instruction's worth of critical section.
Which is as good as his version of "threaded" could be.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 8:40 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 8:45 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:48 ` Mike Galbraith
@ 2002-10-13 8:51 ` William Lee Irwin III
2002-10-13 10:20 ` Ingo Molnar
2002-10-13 19:42 ` Rik van Riel
4 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: William Lee Irwin III @ 2002-10-13 8:51 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joseph D. Wagner
Cc: 'David S. Miller', robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
On Sun, Oct 13, 2002 at 03:40:51AM -0500, Joseph D. Wagner wrote:
> Does anyone besides me notice that the more Dave and I argue the longer
> and longer the list of extenuating circumstances gets in order for Dave
> to continue to be right?
> In this email, I'm not right if the data is on separate partitions.
> Dave, do you realize how many people, despite advice to the contrary,
> put everything on one honk'in / partition? For all those people, I'm
There are enough managers to put up with without asinine browbeating
about a feature whose design is already done and implementation
underway not being implemented, posted, and merged yet.
If this is not happening fast enough for your tastes you should write
the code yourself instead of hounding those actually doing it.
I don't have time for this.
*plonk*
Bill
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 8:40 ` Joseph D. Wagner
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2002-10-13 8:51 ` William Lee Irwin III
@ 2002-10-13 10:20 ` Ingo Molnar
2002-10-13 19:42 ` Rik van Riel
4 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Ingo Molnar @ 2002-10-13 10:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joseph D. Wagner
Cc: 'David S. Miller', robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
On Sun, 13 Oct 2002, Joseph D. Wagner wrote:
> Does anyone besides me notice that the more Dave and I argue the longer
> and longer the list of extenuating circumstances gets in order for Dave
> to continue to be right?
(what i have noticed is that the more you argue with David over this
issue, the more silly your arguments get. Please take further discussions
of this topic to: http://kernelnewbies.org/)
Ingo
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 8:40 ` Joseph D. Wagner
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2002-10-13 10:20 ` Ingo Molnar
@ 2002-10-13 19:42 ` Rik van Riel
4 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Rik van Riel @ 2002-10-13 19:42 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joseph D. Wagner
Cc: 'David S. Miller', robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
On Sun, 13 Oct 2002, Joseph D. Wagner wrote:
> Prove it. If you can code multi-threading SMP block and inode
> allocation using a non-preemptive kernel (which Linux is) ON THE SAME
> PARTITION, I will eat my hard drive.
Try the XFS patch.
Do you prefer ketchup or mustard ?
Rik
--
Bravely reimplemented by the knights who say "NIH".
http://www.surriel.com/ http://distro.conectiva.com/
Current spamtrap: <a href=mailto:"october@surriel.com">october@surriel.com</a>
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 7:49 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 7:50 ` David S. Miller
@ 2002-10-16 21:00 ` Bill Davidsen
1 sibling, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Bill Davidsen @ 2002-10-16 21:00 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joseph D. Wagner
Cc: 'David S. Miller', robm, hahn, linux-kernel, jhoward
On Sun, 13 Oct 2002, Joseph D. Wagner wrote:
> Now wait a minute! Allocating blocks and inodes is an integral part of
> a write. Oh sure the actual writing of file data is SMP, but that
> process is bottlenecked by single threaded allocation of blocks and
> inodes. Perhaps I could phrase what I said to be more technically
> accurate by saying, "Writing makes such poor use of multi-threading on
> SMP that in terms of performance it's as if it was single threaded."
People should note that the reason this hasn't been addressed to date is
that the disk is so many orders of magnitude slower than CPU that the
practical effect of the "bottleneck" is below the noise with most
hardware.
So you're not wrong, but you seem to be making it more of an issue than
the actual impact seems to justify. I bet you can measure it, or even
config a system where it matters, but in most cases it doesn't.
--
bill davidsen <davidsen@tmr.com>
CTO, TMR Associates, Inc
Doing interesting things with little computers since 1979.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 7:01 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 7:01 ` David S. Miller
@ 2002-10-13 8:59 ` Anton Blanchard
2002-10-13 9:26 ` William Lee Irwin III
1 sibling, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Anton Blanchard @ 2002-10-13 8:59 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joseph D. Wagner
Cc: 'Rob Mueller', 'Mark Hahn',
linux-kernel, 'Jeremy Howard'
> I'll let you in on a dirty little secret. The Linux file system does
> not utilize SMP. That's right. All file processes go through one and
> only one processor. It has to do with the fact that the Linux kernel is
> a non-preemptive kernel.
My 24 way SMP disagrees with your analysis:
http://samba.org/~anton/linux/2.5.40/dbench/
Thats just ext2. dbench is a filesystem benchmark that is heavy on
inode/block allocation.
Please show us your profiles which show linux filesystems do not
utilise SMP.
Anton
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 8:59 ` Anton Blanchard
@ 2002-10-13 9:26 ` William Lee Irwin III
0 siblings, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: William Lee Irwin III @ 2002-10-13 9:26 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Anton Blanchard
Cc: Joseph D. Wagner, 'Rob Mueller', 'Mark Hahn',
linux-kernel, 'Jeremy Howard'
On Sun, Oct 13, 2002 at 06:59:38PM +1000, Anton Blanchard wrote:
> My 24 way SMP disagrees with your analysis:
> http://samba.org/~anton/linux/2.5.40/dbench/
> Thats just ext2. dbench is a filesystem benchmark that is heavy on
> inode/block allocation.
> Please show us your profiles which show linux filesystems do not
> utilise SMP.
Low-level fs driver block allocation etc. does appear to be an issue in
the fs-intensive benchmarks I run. In fact, the it's the only remaining
serious lock contention issue besides the dcache_lock, and that's
solved in akpm's tree. I have assurances work is being done on block
allocation and am not too concerned about it.
The rest of the trouble I see is lock contention in the page allocator
(solved in akpm's tree), stability (%$#*!), scheduler/VM/vfs/block I/O
data structure space consumption, and raw cpu cost of various
algorithms. pmd's are particularly pernicious (dmc had something for
this), followed by buffer_heads, task_structs, names_cache (mostly an
artifact of the benchmarks, but worth fixing), and inodes.
Last, but not least, when OOM does occur, the algorithm for OOM
recovery does not degrade well in the presence of many tasks. There is
also an issue with the arrival rate to out_of_memory() being O(cpus)
and the OOM killer being based on arrival rates, but not scaling its
threshholds appropriately. The former means that the OOM killer is
triggered falsely, and the latter means the box is unresponsive for so
long in OOM kill sprees it is dead period.
Bill
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-10-13 6:34 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-13 7:01 ` Joseph D. Wagner
@ 2002-10-13 12:31 ` Marius Gedminas
1 sibling, 0 replies; 41+ messages in thread
From: Marius Gedminas @ 2002-10-13 12:31 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
On Sun, Oct 13, 2002 at 04:34:21PM +1000, Rob Mueller wrote:
> Also Let me do a calculation, though I have no idea if this is right or
> not...
> a) the first item in the uptime output is 'system load average for the last
> 1 minute'
> b) it seems to only update/recalculate every 5 seconds
> c) it jumps from < 1 to 20 in 1 interval (eg 5 seconds)
>
> This means that for it to jump from < 1 to 20 in 5 seconds, there must be on
> average about 60/5 * 20 = 240 processes blocked over those 5 seconds waiting
> for run time of some sort for the load to jump 20 points. Is that right?
Load is an exponential average, recalculated according to this formula
(see CALC_LOAD in sched.h) every five seconds:
load1 = load1 * exp + n * (1 - exp)
where exp = 1/exp(5sec/1min) ~= 1884/2048 ~= 0.92
n = the number of running tasks at the moment
To jump from 0.21 to 27.65 in 5 second (1 update), n would have to be
343. Wow. (Substituting the numbers for 5 and 15 minute averages I get
n of about 362 and 352).
Can somebody check my math?
Marius Gedminas
--
Never trust a computer you can't repair yourself.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
[parent not found: <113001c27282$93955eb0$1900a8c0@lifebook.suse.lists.linux.kernel>]
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
@ 2002-12-11 22:54 Steven Roussey
2002-12-11 23:09 ` Andrew Morton
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Steven Roussey @ 2002-12-11 22:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: robm; +Cc: linux-kernel
Was there ever a solution to this issue? Is it kernel or ext3 based issue?
Is there a workaround? I've spent two months looking for a source and
solution to this issue. It is pressing for me since all our users get locked
out at the height of the spike. Ours is a webserver.
Example of load graph (my minute):
http://www.network54.com/spikes.html
TIA
Steven Roussey
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-12-11 22:54 Steven Roussey
@ 2002-12-11 23:09 ` Andrew Morton
2002-12-11 23:54 ` Steven Roussey
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Morton @ 2002-12-11 23:09 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Steven Roussey; +Cc: robm, linux-kernel
Steven Roussey wrote:
>
> Was there ever a solution to this issue?
No. It wasn't clear what was going on.
> Is it kernel or ext3 based issue?
One of those.
> Is there a workaround?
Tried mounting all filesystems `-o noatime'?
> I've spent two months looking for a source and
> solution to this issue. It is pressing for me since all our users get locked
> out at the height of the spike. Ours is a webserver.
>
Is there much disk write activity? What journalling mode
are you using?
The output of `ps aux' during a stall would be interesting,
as would the `vmstat 1' ouptut.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
* RE: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-12-11 23:09 ` Andrew Morton
@ 2002-12-11 23:54 ` Steven Roussey
2002-12-12 0:13 ` Andrew Morton
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Steven Roussey @ 2002-12-11 23:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: akpm; +Cc: robm, linux-kernel
Thanks for looking at this.
> Tried mounting all filesystems `-o noatime'?
Did that a while back.
> Is there much disk write activity?
No:
# iostat -k
Linux 2.4.18-18.7.xsmp (morpheus.network54.com) 12/11/2002
avg-cpu: %user %nice %sys %idle
43.70 0.00 14.87 41.43
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
dev3-0 6.36 36.76 28.33 2588238 1994376
>What journalling mode are you using?
I remember just using the default. How can I tell?
# mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext3 (rw,noatime)
none on /proc type proc (rw)
usbdevfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbdevfs (rw)
none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/hda3 on /usr type ext3 (rw,noatime)
> The output of `ps aux' during a stall would be interesting,
> as would the `vmstat 1' ouptut.
If it helps, I recompiled Apache to have a higher limit on the number of
child servers that it can have running. I don't know why it was 256 (I
changed it to 512), unless the kernel has issues with lots of processes. But
what is 'lots'?
It is really odd. The idle % goes way up and then drops to nothing while
cpu(r) goes way high relative to normal.
This is from a mid-afternoon spike (load from 3 to 48):
#vmstat 1
...
procs memory swap io system
cpu
r b w swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy
id
6 0 0 7444 87024 13980 158236 0 0 0 16 3491 2510 19 18
63
0 0 0 7444 80104 13876 158340 0 0 0 0 2224 1538 12 7
81
1 0 0 7444 72860 13808 158408 0 0 0 0 2912 1759 16 11
73
0 0 0 7444 67388 13768 158448 0 0 0 0 2025 1348 10 6
84
0 0 0 7444 64156 13756 158460 0 0 0 0 1823 1142 8 6
86
0 0 0 7444 62908 13756 158460 0 0 0 0 1444 515 6 6
87
1 0 0 7444 62904 13744 158472 0 0 0 0 1073 75 1 1
98
0 0 0 7444 62904 13672 158544 0 0 0 0 880 49 0 1
98
0 0 0 7444 61788 13668 158548 0 0 0 0 1450 452 6 3
91
3 0 1 7444 58904 13660 158556 0 0 0 0 3104 1386 14 8
78
0 0 0 7444 58252 13656 158568 0 0 0 16 1481 628 6 7
87
0 0 0 7444 54584 13648 158576 0 0 0 0 3188 2287 17 6
77
350 0 2 7444 50044 13652 158580 0 0 12 0 8759 3995 50 18
31
293 27 2 7444 41456 13644 158588 0 0 4 0 8576 3644 78 22
0
297 0 2 7444 38076 13640 158600 0 0 4 16 13163 6299 77
23 0
289 0 2 7444 36600 13616 158624 0 0 4 0 9035 4545 73 26
0
255 0 2 7444 36740 13624 158632 0 0 16 0 9827 4974 75 25
0
289 0 2 7444 36456 13604 158676 0 0 28 0 10030 4619 77
22 0
292 0 2 7444 35036 13596 158684 0 0 4 0 9064 4434 75 25
0
236 0 2 7444 32576 13656 158688 0 0 60 32 14771 7496 79
21 0
151 0 2 7444 32384 13652 158692 0 0 0 0 8670 5028 69 31
0
procs memory swap io system
cpu
r b w swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy
id
125 0 2 7444 31272 13652 158700 0 0 8 0 8825 4676 79 21
0
98 0 2 7444 30340 13648 158712 0 0 12 0 9248 5197 77 23
0
25 0 0 7444 32928 13664 158724 0 0 0 132 8649 4629 70 28
2
58 0 2 7444 32960 13672 158744 0 0 28 60 8016 4156 62 18
19
13 0 1 7444 34020 13668 158756 0 0 8 0 8759 4982 73 27
0
1 0 0 7444 33696 13668 158776 0 0 20 0 8252 5977 65 18
17
5 0 0 7444 34952 13668 158776 0 0 0 0 7625 5618 50 17
33
4 0 0 7444 34752 13644 158800 0 0 0 0 8869 5982 70 20
10
5 0 0 7444 39588 13656 158856 0 0 68 0 7054 5321 46 17
37
1 0 0 7444 40472 13640 158872 0 0 0 0 6915 5282 50 20
30
4 0 1 7444 41892 13640 158872 0 0 0 0 6286 4728 39 14
47
22 0 1 7444 41936 13612 158920 0 0 20 0 6323 4507 44 17
39
5 0 0 7444 43292 13612 158936 0 0 12 16 7257 5086 53 18
28
6 0 2 7444 44532 13604 158976 0 0 36 0 7306 5384 53 21
25
3 0 0 7444 43952 13596 158988 0 0 4 0 7759 5077 50 46
4
0 0 0 7444 45188 13684 158980 0 0 0 448 7696 5710 59 25
16
## ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.0 1416 456 ? S Dec10 0:06 init [3]
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 0:00
[migration_CPU0]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 0:00
[migration_CPU1]
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 0:00 [keventd]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? RWN Dec10 0:01
[ksoftirqd_CPU0]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? RWN Dec10 0:01
[ksoftirqd_CPU1]
root 7 0.2 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 3:29 [kswapd]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 0:00 [bdflush]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 0:00 [kupdated]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 0:00 [mdrecoveryd]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 0:13 [kjournald]
root 92 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 0:00 [khubd]
root 182 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW Dec10 0:00 [kjournald]
root 798 0.0 0.0 1476 528 ? S Dec10 0:03 syslogd -m 0
root 803 0.0 0.0 2136 492 ? S Dec10 0:00 klogd -2
rpc 823 0.0 0.0 1568 604 ? S Dec10 0:00 portmap
rpcuser 851 0.0 0.0 1600 596 ? S Dec10 0:00 rpc.statd
root 1002 0.0 0.1 3268 1216 ? S Dec10 0:00
/usr/sbin/sshd
root 1035 0.0 0.0 2316 704 ? S Dec10 0:00 xinetd
-stayalive -reuse -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid
root 1076 0.0 0.2 5304 1644 ? S Dec10 0:03 sendmail:
accepting connections
root 1107 0.0 0.0 1592 644 ? S Dec10 0:00 crond
xfs 1161 0.0 0.0 4564 664 ? S Dec10 0:00 xfs -droppriv
-daemon
daemon 1197 0.0 0.0 1448 488 ? S Dec10 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd
named 1232 0.0 0.3 13900 2528 ? S Dec10 0:00 named -u
named
named 1234 0.0 0.3 13900 2528 ? S Dec10 0:00 named -u
named
named 1235 0.0 0.3 13900 2528 ? S Dec10 0:59 named -u
named
named 1236 0.0 0.3 13900 2528 ? S Dec10 0:58 named -u
named
named 1237 0.0 0.3 13900 2528 ? S Dec10 0:00 named -u
named
named 1238 0.0 0.3 13900 2528 ? S Dec10 0:25 named -u
named
root 1249 0.0 0.1 5956 1256 ? S Dec10 0:01 /usr/bin/perl
/usr/libexec/webmin/miniserv.pl /etc/webmin/mini
root 1253 0.0 0.0 1388 368 tty1 S Dec10 0:00
/sbin/mingetty tty1
root 1254 0.0 0.0 1388 368 tty2 S Dec10 0:00
/sbin/mingetty tty2
root 1255 0.0 0.0 1388 368 tty3 S Dec10 0:00
/sbin/mingetty tty3
root 1256 0.0 0.0 1388 368 tty4 S Dec10 0:00
/sbin/mingetty tty4
root 1257 0.0 0.0 1388 368 tty5 S Dec10 0:00
/sbin/mingetty tty5
root 1258 0.0 0.0 1388 368 tty6 S Dec10 0:00
/sbin/mingetty tty6
root 6940 0.0 0.2 6712 1788 ? S Dec10 0:00
/usr/sbin/sshd
root 6944 0.0 0.1 2556 1176 pts/1 S Dec10 0:00 -bash
root 29549 0.0 0.2 6664 2076 ? S 13:46 0:00
/usr/sbin/sshd
root 29552 0.0 0.1 2528 1352 pts/0 S 13:46 0:00 -bash
root 29622 0.0 0.2 4940 1892 ? S 13:47 0:00 smbd -D
root 29627 0.0 0.2 3920 1740 ? S 13:47 0:02 nmbd -D
root 29628 0.0 0.1 3872 1500 ? S 13:47 0:00 nmbd -D
root 29929 0.0 0.2 3360 1668 pts/0 S 13:53 0:00 ssh 10.1.1.10
root 31539 0.0 0.3 6348 2568 ? S 14:56 0:00 sendmail:
./gB9LXsY03345 hotmail.co.uk.: user open
root 32124 0.0 0.6 41352 4648 ? S 15:19 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32125 0.3 1.2 42140 9484 ? R 15:19 0:06
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500 32320 0.3 1.2 41920 9544 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32321 0.4 1.1 42108 9064 ? R 15:19 0:07
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500 32322 0.3 2.0 48804 15572 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32323 0.3 1.2 42176 9368 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32325 0.3 1.1 41976 8932 ? R 15:19 0:06
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500 32327 0.3 1.1 42008 9172 ? R 15:19 0:06
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500 32330 0.4 1.1 42032 8800 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32331 0.3 1.1 42036 9184 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32332 0.4 1.1 41972 9260 ? R 15:19 0:07
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500 32333 0.2 1.2 42004 9268 ? S 15:19 0:03
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32334 0.3 1.1 41988 9172 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32336 0.4 1.2 42084 9352 ? S 15:19 0:07
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500 32341 0.3 1.2 42000 9568 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32345 0.3 1.1 41912 9044 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32347 0.3 1.2 41992 9676 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32349 0.4 1.1 42040 9080 ? S 15:19 0:07
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500 32350 0.3 1.1 41964 9060 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32351 0.1 1.1 42140 9192 ? S 15:19 0:02
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32352 0.3 1.1 42024 8868 ? S 15:19 0:05
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32353 0.3 1.1 42124 8888 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32354 0.3 1.2 41960 9668 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32356 0.3 1.2 42020 9292 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32357 0.3 1.1 41952 8968 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32358 0.3 1.2 42020 9340 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32359 0.3 1.2 42088 9504 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32360 0.3 1.1 42008 9056 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32361 0.2 1.1 41764 8844 ? S 15:19 0:03
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32363 0.3 1.1 42272 9248 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32364 0.4 1.1 41888 8952 ? R 15:19 0:07
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500 32366 0.3 1.1 42140 9248 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32367 0.3 1.2 42020 9288 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32370 0.3 1.1 41936 8880 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32371 0.1 1.1 41968 8636 ? R 15:19 0:03
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32372 0.3 1.1 42044 9220 ? R 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32373 0.3 1.2 42040 9316 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32374 0.3 1.1 41896 8812 ? S 15:19 0:06
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32376 0.3 1.1 41936 8552 ? S 15:19 0:05
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500 32377 0.4 1.3 43472 10388 ? S 15:19 0:07
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500 32378 0.3 1.1 42012 8932 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32379 0.3 1.2 42156 9484 ? R 15:19 0:06
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500 32381 0.3 1.2 42028 9436 ? R 15:19 0:05
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500 32382 0.3 1.1 42048 9084 ? S 15:19 0:05
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500 32383 0.3 1.2 42068 9268 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32384 0.3 1.1 41924 8984 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32385 0.3 1.1 42100 9156 ? S 15:19 0:05
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500 32386 0.3 1.1 41944 8920 ? R 15:19 0:05
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500 32387 0.3 1.2 42116 9380 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32388 0.3 1.1 41928 9172 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32389 0.3 1.1 41940 9036 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32390 0.3 1.2 42248 9820 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32391 0.3 1.1 42008 9124 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32392 0.3 1.2 41988 9328 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32393 0.3 1.1 41924 8884 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32394 0.2 1.1 42648 9140 ? S 15:19 0:04
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500 32395 0.3 1.2 42064 9336 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32396 0.3 1.1 42120 9244 ? R 15:19 0:06
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500 32397 0.3 1.2 41968 9272 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32398 0.3 1.1 41852 9252 ? S 15:19 0:05
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500 32399 0.3 1.2 42032 9540 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32400 0.3 1.2 42004 9392 ? S 15:19 0:05
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500 32401 0.3 1.2 42044 9340 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32402 0.3 1.1 41976 8972 ? S 15:19 0:05
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500 32403 0.1 1.1 41944 9008 ? S 15:19 0:03
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500 32404 0.1 1.1 42064 8592 ? S 15:19 0:02
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500 32405 0.3 1.2 42068 9384 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32413 0.3 1.1 42144 9136 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32416 0.3 1.1 42008 9236 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32423 0.3 1.2 42172 9528 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32432 0.4 1.1 41940 9080 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32435 0.3 1.1 42088 8944 ? S 15:19 0:06
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32436 0.1 1.1 41968 8628 ? S 15:19 0:02
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32441 0.3 1.1 41880 9252 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32442 0.3 1.1 42388 9232 ? R 15:19 0:06
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500 32443 0.3 1.1 42072 9244 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32445 0.3 1.1 42064 9140 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32446 0.3 1.2 42116 9440 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32448 0.3 1.1 41948 9208 ? S 15:19 0:05
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500 32449 0.0 1.0 41944 8448 ? S 15:19 0:01
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500 32450 0.3 1.2 42084 9324 ? S 15:19 0:06
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500 32536 0.3 1.2 42216 9364 ? S 15:22 0:05
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500 32602 0.3 1.1 41984 8852 ? S 15:24 0:04
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32644 0.3 1.2 42112 9388 ? S 15:26 0:05
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500 32645 0.3 1.1 41972 9052 ? S 15:26 0:04
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 32647 0.0 0.9 42152 7664 ? S 15:26 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
root 391 2.2 0.1 2364 1296 pts/1 S 15:32 0:22 top
root 392 0.0 0.2 6668 2084 ? S 15:32 0:00
/usr/sbin/sshd
root 394 0.0 0.1 2540 1360 pts/2 S 15:32 0:00 -bash
root 440 2.3 0.0 1448 484 pts/2 S 15:32 0:22 vmstat 1
root 441 0.0 0.2 6668 2100 ? S 15:32 0:00
/usr/sbin/sshd
root 447 0.0 0.1 2540 1364 pts/3 S 15:32 0:00 -bash
500 843 0.2 0.9 41756 7436 ? S 15:45 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 907 0.4 0.9 41776 7112 ? S 15:47 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 921 0.2 0.8 42108 6844 ? S 15:48 0:00
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500 922 0.3 0.8 41764 6628 ? S 15:48 0:00
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500 923 0.3 0.8 41812 6748 ? S 15:48 0:00
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500 924 0.2 0.8 41728 6664 ? S 15:48 0:00
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 932 0.4 0.8 41756 6792 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 933 0.4 0.9 42268 7252 ? R 15:48 0:00
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500 939 0.2 0.9 41792 6952 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 940 0.4 0.8 41900 6716 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 941 0.2 0.8 41740 6780 ? S 15:48 0:00
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500 942 0.2 0.8 41772 6508 ? S 15:48 0:00
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500 943 0.1 0.8 41776 6564 ? R 15:48 0:00
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500 945 0.3 0.8 41692 6580 ? S 15:48 0:00
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500 947 0.5 0.8 41956 6948 ? R 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 949 0.3 0.8 41800 6860 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 950 0.3 0.9 41788 6956 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 951 0.3 0.9 41920 7204 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 952 0.6 0.9 41752 6996 ? R 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 953 0.3 0.9 41700 7072 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 960 0.5 0.8 41688 6672 ? S 15:48 0:00
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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500 964 0.4 0.9 41740 7020 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 965 0.3 0.8 41804 6828 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 966 0.1 0.8 41904 6784 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 967 0.3 0.9 41748 6952 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 968 0.2 0.8 41944 6792 ? R 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 969 0.3 0.8 41760 6812 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 970 0.3 0.8 41776 6676 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 971 0.1 0.8 41760 6828 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 972 0.5 0.8 41768 6940 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 973 0.6 0.8 41736 6904 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
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/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 976 0.1 0.8 41764 6668 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 977 0.2 0.8 41732 6740 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 978 0.1 0.8 41788 6784 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 979 0.3 0.8 41764 6640 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 980 0.2 0.8 41768 6584 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 981 0.0 0.8 41840 6476 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 982 0.2 0.8 41696 6740 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 983 0.1 0.8 41700 6556 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 984 0.3 0.8 41752 6924 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 985 0.2 0.8 41764 6768 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 986 0.8 0.9 41820 6980 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
500 987 0.3 0.8 41768 6644 ? R 15:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
root 988 0.0 0.1 4876 1376 ? S 15:48 0:00
/usr/sbin/sendmail -i -t -fnobody@network54.com
root 989 23.0 0.1 3224 1292 pts/3 R 15:48 0:00 ps aux
root 990 0.0 0.1 4876 1376 ? R 15:48 0:00
/usr/sbin/sendmail -i -t -fnobody@network54.com
Sincerely,
Steven Roussey
http://Network54.com/
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread* Re: Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel
2002-12-11 23:54 ` Steven Roussey
@ 2002-12-12 0:13 ` Andrew Morton
2002-12-12 0:31 ` Steven Roussey
0 siblings, 1 reply; 41+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Morton @ 2002-12-12 0:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Steven Roussey; +Cc: robm, linux-kernel
Steven Roussey wrote:
>
> 500 32429 0.3 1.1 41948 9148 ? R 15:19 0:06 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -DSSL
Looks like all your apache instances woke up and started doing something.
What makes you think it's a kernel or ext3 thing?
If there were processes there in `D' state then it would probably
be related to filesystem activity. But that does not appear to
be the case.
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 41+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2002-12-12 0:24 UTC | newest]
Thread overview: 41+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2002-10-12 1:12 Strange load spikes on 2.4.19 kernel Rob Mueller
2002-10-12 1:25 ` Andrew Morton
2002-10-12 2:25 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-12 3:07 ` Andrew Morton
2002-10-12 6:37 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-12 6:44 ` Andrew Morton
2002-10-12 6:52 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-12 7:00 ` Andrew Morton
2002-10-13 6:14 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-13 7:27 ` Simon Kirby
2002-10-12 3:10 Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-12 3:13 Joseph D. Wagner
[not found] <001401c2719b$9d45c4a0$53241c43@joe>
2002-10-12 6:54 ` Rob Mueller
[not found] <Pine.LNX.4.33.0210121605490.16179-100000@coffee.psychology.mcmaster.ca>
2002-10-13 0:49 ` Rob Mueller
[not found] <Pine.LNX.4.33.0210130202070.17395-100000@coffee.psychology.mcmaster.ca>
2002-10-13 6:34 ` Rob Mueller
2002-10-13 7:01 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 7:01 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 7:49 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 7:50 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:16 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 8:13 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:40 ` Joseph D. Wagner
2002-10-13 8:45 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:48 ` Mike Galbraith
2002-10-13 8:48 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 8:51 ` William Lee Irwin III
2002-10-13 10:20 ` Ingo Molnar
2002-10-13 19:42 ` Rik van Riel
2002-10-16 21:00 ` Bill Davidsen
2002-10-13 8:59 ` Anton Blanchard
2002-10-13 9:26 ` William Lee Irwin III
2002-10-13 12:31 ` Marius Gedminas
[not found] <113001c27282$93955eb0$1900a8c0@lifebook.suse.lists.linux.kernel>
[not found] ` <000001c27286$6ab6bc60$7443f4d1@joe.suse.lists.linux.kernel>
[not found] ` <20021013.000127.43007739.davem@redhat.com.suse.lists.linux.kernel>
2002-10-13 7:24 ` Andi Kleen
2002-10-13 7:21 ` David S. Miller
2002-10-13 11:47 ` Hugh Dickins
2002-10-13 18:29 ` Andrew Morton
2002-12-11 22:54 Steven Roussey
2002-12-11 23:09 ` Andrew Morton
2002-12-11 23:54 ` Steven Roussey
2002-12-12 0:13 ` Andrew Morton
2002-12-12 0:31 ` Steven Roussey
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