[PATCH v2] f2fs: introduce blk_alloc_mode mount option

[PATCH v2] f2fs: introduce blk_alloc_mode mount option

[Daeho Jeong]

From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>

Added a mount option to control block allocation mode for filesystem
developer to simulate filesystem fragmentation and after-GC situation
for experimental reasons to understand the filesystem behaviors well
under the severe condition. This supports "normal", "seg_random" and
"blk_random:<num>" options.

"normal" (default): f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
"seg_random": f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
              With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
"blk_random:<num>": We can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num> blocks
                    in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
                    With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter
                    throughout the whole partition and we can simulate
                    filesystem fragmentation condition.

Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>

---
v2: changed the <num> initialization way.
---
 Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst | 16 ++++++++++
 fs/f2fs/f2fs.h                     | 20 +++++++++++++
 fs/f2fs/gc.c                       |  5 +++-
 fs/f2fs/segment.c                  | 12 ++++++++
 fs/f2fs/super.c                    | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
index ff9e7cc97c65..a0ca963fda20 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
@@ -312,6 +312,22 @@ inlinecrypt		 When possible, encrypt/decrypt the contents of encrypted
 			 Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst.
 atgc			 Enable age-threshold garbage collection, it provides high
 			 effectiveness and efficiency on background GC.
+blk_alloc_mode=%s	 Control block allocation mode. This is a developer option
+			 for experiments to simulate filesystem fragmentation and
+			 after-GC situation. The developers use this mode to understand
+			 filesystem fragmentation and after-GC condition well, and
+			 eventually get the insight to handle them better.
+			 This supports "normal", "seg_random" and "blk_random:<num>" modes.
+			 In "normal" mode (default), f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
+			 In "seg_random", f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
+			 With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
+			 In "blk_random:<num>", we can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num>
+			 blocks in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
+			 You can set the <num> within 1 .. 512 number.
+			 With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter throughout
+			 the whole partition and we can simulate filesystem fragmentation
+			 condition. Please, use this option for your experiments and we
+			 strongly recommand a filesystem format after using this option.
 ======================== ============================================================
 
 Debugfs Entries
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
index fccee18ab776..aed09e8c0fce 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
@@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ struct f2fs_mount_info {
 	int compress_mode;			/* compression mode */
 	unsigned char extensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN];	/* extensions */
 	unsigned char noextensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
+
+	int blk_alloc_mode;		/* block allocation mode */
+	int blk_alloc_random_max;	/* the maximum chunk size for block random allocation mode */
 };
 
 #define F2FS_FEATURE_ENCRYPT		0x0001
@@ -1740,6 +1743,8 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
 
 	unsigned long seq_file_ra_mul;		/* multiplier for ra_pages of seq. files in fadvise */
 
+	int blk_alloc_remained;			/* remained block count for this block allocation period */
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
 	struct kmem_cache *page_array_slab;	/* page array entry */
 	unsigned int page_array_slab_size;	/* default page array slab size */
@@ -3619,6 +3624,21 @@ unsigned int f2fs_usable_segs_in_sec(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 unsigned int f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 			unsigned int segno);
 
+#define MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM	1
+#define MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM	512
+
+enum {
+	BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL,		/* normal block allocation mode */
+	BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM,	/* make segment allocation random */
+	BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM,	/* make block allocation random */
+};
+
+static inline bool f2fs_need_seg_random(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	return F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM ||
+		F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
+}
+
 /*
  * checkpoint.c
  */
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/gc.c b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
index 9dce44619069..571b50322e6e 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/gc.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/freezer.h>
 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
 
 #include "f2fs.h"
 #include "node.h"
@@ -256,7 +257,9 @@ static void select_policy(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int gc_type,
 		p->max_search = sbi->max_victim_search;
 
 	/* let's select beginning hot/small space first in no_heap mode*/
-	if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
+	if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
+		p->offset = prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
+	else if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
 		(type == CURSEG_HOT_DATA || IS_NODESEG(type)))
 		p->offset = 0;
 	else
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
index f9b7fb785e1d..6dff2d36ad6b 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/segment.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <linux/timer.h>
 #include <linux/freezer.h>
 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
 
 #include "f2fs.h"
 #include "segment.h"
@@ -2587,6 +2588,8 @@ static unsigned int __get_next_segno(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
 	unsigned short seg_type = curseg->seg_type;
 
 	sanity_check_seg_type(sbi, seg_type);
+	if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
+		return prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
 
 	/* if segs_per_sec is large than 1, we need to keep original policy. */
 	if (__is_large_section(sbi))
@@ -3150,6 +3153,15 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
 static bool __has_curseg_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 					struct curseg_info *curseg)
 {
+	/* To allocate block chunks in different sizes, use random number */
+	if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM) {
+		if (--sbi->blk_alloc_remained < 0) {
+			sbi->blk_alloc_remained = prandom_u32() %
+				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
 	return curseg->next_blkoff < f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(sbi,
 							curseg->segno);
 }
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/super.c b/fs/f2fs/super.c
index 9ead6d2e703b..ef14f3e8b29a 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/super.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/super.c
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ enum {
 	Opt_atgc,
 	Opt_gc_merge,
 	Opt_nogc_merge,
+	Opt_blk_alloc_mode,
 	Opt_err,
 };
 
@@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ static match_table_t f2fs_tokens = {
 	{Opt_atgc, "atgc"},
 	{Opt_gc_merge, "gc_merge"},
 	{Opt_nogc_merge, "nogc_merge"},
+	{Opt_blk_alloc_mode, "blk_alloc_mode=%s"},
 	{Opt_err, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -1173,6 +1175,40 @@ static int parse_options(struct super_block *sb, char *options, bool is_remount)
 		case Opt_nogc_merge:
 			clear_opt(sbi, GC_MERGE);
 			break;
+		case Opt_blk_alloc_mode:
+			name = match_strdup(&args[0]);
+			if (!name)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			if (!strcmp(name, "normal")) {
+				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
+					BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
+			} else if (!strcmp(name, "seg_random")) {
+				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
+					BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM;
+			} else if (!strncmp(name, "blk_random:", 11)) {
+				const char *num = name + 11;
+				long size;
+
+				ret = kstrtol(num, 10, &size);
+				if (ret) {
+					kfree(name);
+					return ret;
+				}
+				if (size < MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
+					size = MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
+				else if (size > MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
+					size = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
+
+				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
+					BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
+				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max =	size;
+				sbi->blk_alloc_remained = size;
+			} else {
+				kfree(name);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			kfree(name);
+			break;
 		default:
 			f2fs_err(sbi, "Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" or missing value",
 				 p);
@@ -1919,6 +1955,14 @@ static int f2fs_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
 	else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).fsync_mode == FSYNC_MODE_NOBARRIER)
 		seq_printf(seq, ",fsync_mode=%s", "nobarrier");
 
+	if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL)
+		seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "normal");
+	else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM)
+		seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "seg_random");
+	else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM)
+		seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s:%d", "blk_random",
+				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
 	f2fs_show_compress_options(seq, sbi->sb);
 #endif
@@ -1947,6 +1991,9 @@ static void default_options(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_ext_cnt = 0;
 	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_mode = COMPR_MODE_FS;
 	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).bggc_mode = BGGC_MODE_ON;
+	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode = BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
+	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
+	sbi->blk_alloc_remained = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
 
 	sbi->sb->s_flags &= ~SB_INLINECRYPT;
 
-- 
2.32.0.605.g8dce9f2422-goog

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2] f2fs: introduce blk_alloc_mode mount option

[Chao Yu]

On 2021/8/10 2:54, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> 
> Added a mount option to control block allocation mode for filesystem
> developer to simulate filesystem fragmentation and after-GC situation
> for experimental reasons to understand the filesystem behaviors well

At a glance, I think this functionality can be used to initialize filesystem
status as fragmented one, which is commonly used in the first step of aging
test, in order to make filesystem fragmented, aging program needs to fill
file or block sequentially and remove them at fixed interval, that takes a
lot of time. IMO, it will be great to support this by filesystem naturally
to save time of aging filessytem, rather just for experimental reasons to
understand filesystem behavior.

Maybe we can add a new mode for filesystem allocation mode except adaptive
and lfs mode, maybe "fragment" mode... :P

> under the severe condition. This supports "normal", "seg_random" and
> "blk_random:<num>" options.
> 
> "normal" (default): f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
> "seg_random": f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
>                With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
> "blk_random:<num>": We can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num> blocks
>                      in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
>                      With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter
>                      throughout the whole partition and we can simulate
>                      filesystem fragmentation condition.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> 
> ---
> v2: changed the <num> initialization way.
> ---
>   Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst | 16 ++++++++++
>   fs/f2fs/f2fs.h                     | 20 +++++++++++++
>   fs/f2fs/gc.c                       |  5 +++-
>   fs/f2fs/segment.c                  | 12 ++++++++
>   fs/f2fs/super.c                    | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   5 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
> index ff9e7cc97c65..a0ca963fda20 100644
> --- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
> @@ -312,6 +312,22 @@ inlinecrypt		 When possible, encrypt/decrypt the contents of encrypted
>   			 Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst.
>   atgc			 Enable age-threshold garbage collection, it provides high
>   			 effectiveness and efficiency on background GC.
> +blk_alloc_mode=%s	 Control block allocation mode. This is a developer option
> +			 for experiments to simulate filesystem fragmentation and
> +			 after-GC situation. The developers use this mode to understand
> +			 filesystem fragmentation and after-GC condition well, and
> +			 eventually get the insight to handle them better.
> +			 This supports "normal", "seg_random" and "blk_random:<num>" modes.
> +			 In "normal" mode (default), f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
> +			 In "seg_random", f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
> +			 With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
> +			 In "blk_random:<num>", we can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num>
> +			 blocks in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
> +			 You can set the <num> within 1 .. 512 number.
> +			 With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter throughout
> +			 the whole partition and we can simulate filesystem fragmentation
> +			 condition. Please, use this option for your experiments and we
> +			 strongly recommand a filesystem format after using this option.
>   ======================== ============================================================
>   
>   Debugfs Entries
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> index fccee18ab776..aed09e8c0fce 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> @@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ struct f2fs_mount_info {
>   	int compress_mode;			/* compression mode */
>   	unsigned char extensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN];	/* extensions */
>   	unsigned char noextensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
> +
> +	int blk_alloc_mode;		/* block allocation mode */
> +	int blk_alloc_random_max;	/* the maximum chunk size for block random allocation mode */
>   };
>   
>   #define F2FS_FEATURE_ENCRYPT		0x0001
> @@ -1740,6 +1743,8 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
>   
>   	unsigned long seq_file_ra_mul;		/* multiplier for ra_pages of seq. files in fadvise */
>   
> +	int blk_alloc_remained;			/* remained block count for this block allocation period */
> +
>   #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
>   	struct kmem_cache *page_array_slab;	/* page array entry */
>   	unsigned int page_array_slab_size;	/* default page array slab size */
> @@ -3619,6 +3624,21 @@ unsigned int f2fs_usable_segs_in_sec(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>   unsigned int f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>   			unsigned int segno);
>   
> +#define MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM	1
> +#define MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM	512
> +
> +enum {
> +	BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL,		/* normal block allocation mode */
> +	BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM,	/* make segment allocation random */
> +	BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM,	/* make block allocation random */
> +};
> +
> +static inline bool f2fs_need_seg_random(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> +{
> +	return F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM ||
> +		F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
> +}
> +
>   /*
>    * checkpoint.c
>    */
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/gc.c b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
> index 9dce44619069..571b50322e6e 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/gc.c
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
> @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
>   #include <linux/delay.h>
>   #include <linux/freezer.h>
>   #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> +#include <linux/random.h>
>   
>   #include "f2fs.h"
>   #include "node.h"
> @@ -256,7 +257,9 @@ static void select_policy(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int gc_type,
>   		p->max_search = sbi->max_victim_search;
>   
>   	/* let's select beginning hot/small space first in no_heap mode*/
> -	if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
> +	if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
> +		p->offset = prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
> +	else if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
>   		(type == CURSEG_HOT_DATA || IS_NODESEG(type)))
>   		p->offset = 0;
>   	else
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
> index f9b7fb785e1d..6dff2d36ad6b 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/segment.c
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
> @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
>   #include <linux/timer.h>
>   #include <linux/freezer.h>
>   #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> +#include <linux/random.h>
>   
>   #include "f2fs.h"
>   #include "segment.h"
> @@ -2587,6 +2588,8 @@ static unsigned int __get_next_segno(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
>   	unsigned short seg_type = curseg->seg_type;
>   
>   	sanity_check_seg_type(sbi, seg_type);
> +	if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
> +		return prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
>   
>   	/* if segs_per_sec is large than 1, we need to keep original policy. */
>   	if (__is_large_section(sbi))
> @@ -3150,6 +3153,15 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
>   static bool __has_curseg_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>   					struct curseg_info *curseg)
>   {
> +	/* To allocate block chunks in different sizes, use random number */
> +	if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM) {
> +		if (--sbi->blk_alloc_remained < 0) {
> +			sbi->blk_alloc_remained = prandom_u32() %
> +				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max;
> +			return false;
> +		}
> +	}

Why not adjusting __refresh_next_blkoff(), so we can control granularity of
allocation interval, e.g.

	if (seg->alloc_type == SSR)
		seg->next_blkoff =
			__next_free_blkoff(sbi, seg->segno,
						seg->next_blkoff + 1);
	else if (seg->alloc_type == LFS)
		seg->next_blkoff++;
	else
		seg->next_blkoff += sbi->fragment_granularity;

Thanks,

> +
>   	return curseg->next_blkoff < f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(sbi,
>   							curseg->segno);
>   }
> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/super.c b/fs/f2fs/super.c
> index 9ead6d2e703b..ef14f3e8b29a 100644
> --- a/fs/f2fs/super.c
> +++ b/fs/f2fs/super.c
> @@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ enum {
>   	Opt_atgc,
>   	Opt_gc_merge,
>   	Opt_nogc_merge,
> +	Opt_blk_alloc_mode,
>   	Opt_err,
>   };
>   
> @@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ static match_table_t f2fs_tokens = {
>   	{Opt_atgc, "atgc"},
>   	{Opt_gc_merge, "gc_merge"},
>   	{Opt_nogc_merge, "nogc_merge"},
> +	{Opt_blk_alloc_mode, "blk_alloc_mode=%s"},
>   	{Opt_err, NULL},
>   };
>   
> @@ -1173,6 +1175,40 @@ static int parse_options(struct super_block *sb, char *options, bool is_remount)
>   		case Opt_nogc_merge:
>   			clear_opt(sbi, GC_MERGE);
>   			break;
> +		case Opt_blk_alloc_mode:
> +			name = match_strdup(&args[0]);
> +			if (!name)
> +				return -ENOMEM;
> +			if (!strcmp(name, "normal")) {
> +				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
> +					BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
> +			} else if (!strcmp(name, "seg_random")) {
> +				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
> +					BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM;
> +			} else if (!strncmp(name, "blk_random:", 11)) {
> +				const char *num = name + 11;
> +				long size;
> +
> +				ret = kstrtol(num, 10, &size);
> +				if (ret) {
> +					kfree(name);
> +					return ret;
> +				}
> +				if (size < MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
> +					size = MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> +				else if (size > MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
> +					size = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> +
> +				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
> +					BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
> +				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max =	size;
> +				sbi->blk_alloc_remained = size;
> +			} else {
> +				kfree(name);
> +				return -EINVAL;
> +			}
> +			kfree(name);
> +			break;
>   		default:
>   			f2fs_err(sbi, "Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" or missing value",
>   				 p);
> @@ -1919,6 +1955,14 @@ static int f2fs_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
>   	else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).fsync_mode == FSYNC_MODE_NOBARRIER)
>   		seq_printf(seq, ",fsync_mode=%s", "nobarrier");
>   
> +	if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL)
> +		seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "normal");
> +	else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM)
> +		seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "seg_random");
> +	else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM)
> +		seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s:%d", "blk_random",
> +				F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max);
> +
>   #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
>   	f2fs_show_compress_options(seq, sbi->sb);
>   #endif
> @@ -1947,6 +1991,9 @@ static void default_options(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
>   	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_ext_cnt = 0;
>   	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_mode = COMPR_MODE_FS;
>   	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).bggc_mode = BGGC_MODE_ON;
> +	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode = BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
> +	F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> +	sbi->blk_alloc_remained = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
>   
>   	sbi->sb->s_flags &= ~SB_INLINECRYPT;
>   
> 

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2] f2fs: introduce blk_alloc_mode mount option

[Daeho Jeong]

On Tue, Aug 10, 2021 at 6:58 PM Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> On 2021/8/10 2:54, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> >
> > Added a mount option to control block allocation mode for filesystem
> > developer to simulate filesystem fragmentation and after-GC situation
> > for experimental reasons to understand the filesystem behaviors well
>
> At a glance, I think this functionality can be used to initialize filesystem
> status as fragmented one, which is commonly used in the first step of aging
> test, in order to make filesystem fragmented, aging program needs to fill
> file or block sequentially and remove them at fixed interval, that takes a
> lot of time. IMO, it will be great to support this by filesystem naturally
> to save time of aging filessytem, rather just for experimental reasons to
> understand filesystem behavior.
>

Yes, that's what I meant~ :)

> Maybe we can add a new mode for filesystem allocation mode except adaptive
> and lfs mode, maybe "fragment" mode... :P
>

Sounds good~ Could you suggest the names for both blk_random and seg_random.
We need seg_random mode,too, in order to simulate after-GC condition.

> > under the severe condition. This supports "normal", "seg_random" and
> > "blk_random:<num>" options.
> >
> > "normal" (default): f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
> > "seg_random": f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
> >                With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
> > "blk_random:<num>": We can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num> blocks
> >                      in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
> >                      With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter
> >                      throughout the whole partition and we can simulate
> >                      filesystem fragmentation condition.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> >
> > ---
> > v2: changed the <num> initialization way.
> > ---
> >   Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst | 16 ++++++++++
> >   fs/f2fs/f2fs.h                     | 20 +++++++++++++
> >   fs/f2fs/gc.c                       |  5 +++-
> >   fs/f2fs/segment.c                  | 12 ++++++++
> >   fs/f2fs/super.c                    | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >   5 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
> > index ff9e7cc97c65..a0ca963fda20 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
> > +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
> > @@ -312,6 +312,22 @@ inlinecrypt               When possible, encrypt/decrypt the contents of encrypted
> >                        Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst.
> >   atgc                         Enable age-threshold garbage collection, it provides high
> >                        effectiveness and efficiency on background GC.
> > +blk_alloc_mode=%s     Control block allocation mode. This is a developer option
> > +                      for experiments to simulate filesystem fragmentation and
> > +                      after-GC situation. The developers use this mode to understand
> > +                      filesystem fragmentation and after-GC condition well, and
> > +                      eventually get the insight to handle them better.
> > +                      This supports "normal", "seg_random" and "blk_random:<num>" modes.
> > +                      In "normal" mode (default), f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
> > +                      In "seg_random", f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
> > +                      With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
> > +                      In "blk_random:<num>", we can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num>
> > +                      blocks in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
> > +                      You can set the <num> within 1 .. 512 number.
> > +                      With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter throughout
> > +                      the whole partition and we can simulate filesystem fragmentation
> > +                      condition. Please, use this option for your experiments and we
> > +                      strongly recommand a filesystem format after using this option.
> >   ======================== ============================================================
> >
> >   Debugfs Entries
> > diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> > index fccee18ab776..aed09e8c0fce 100644
> > --- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> > +++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> > @@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ struct f2fs_mount_info {
> >       int compress_mode;                      /* compression mode */
> >       unsigned char extensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
> >       unsigned char noextensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
> > +
> > +     int blk_alloc_mode;             /* block allocation mode */
> > +     int blk_alloc_random_max;       /* the maximum chunk size for block random allocation mode */
> >   };
> >
> >   #define F2FS_FEATURE_ENCRYPT                0x0001
> > @@ -1740,6 +1743,8 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
> >
> >       unsigned long seq_file_ra_mul;          /* multiplier for ra_pages of seq. files in fadvise */
> >
> > +     int blk_alloc_remained;                 /* remained block count for this block allocation period */
> > +
> >   #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
> >       struct kmem_cache *page_array_slab;     /* page array entry */
> >       unsigned int page_array_slab_size;      /* default page array slab size */
> > @@ -3619,6 +3624,21 @@ unsigned int f2fs_usable_segs_in_sec(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
> >   unsigned int f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
> >                       unsigned int segno);
> >
> > +#define MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM 1
> > +#define MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM 512
> > +
> > +enum {
> > +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL,          /* normal block allocation mode */
> > +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM,      /* make segment allocation random */
> > +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM,      /* make block allocation random */
> > +};
> > +
> > +static inline bool f2fs_need_seg_random(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> > +{
> > +     return F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM ||
> > +             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
> > +}
> > +
> >   /*
> >    * checkpoint.c
> >    */
> > diff --git a/fs/f2fs/gc.c b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
> > index 9dce44619069..571b50322e6e 100644
> > --- a/fs/f2fs/gc.c
> > +++ b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
> > @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
> >   #include <linux/delay.h>
> >   #include <linux/freezer.h>
> >   #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> > +#include <linux/random.h>
> >
> >   #include "f2fs.h"
> >   #include "node.h"
> > @@ -256,7 +257,9 @@ static void select_policy(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int gc_type,
> >               p->max_search = sbi->max_victim_search;
> >
> >       /* let's select beginning hot/small space first in no_heap mode*/
> > -     if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
> > +     if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
> > +             p->offset = prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
> > +     else if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
> >               (type == CURSEG_HOT_DATA || IS_NODESEG(type)))
> >               p->offset = 0;
> >       else
> > diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
> > index f9b7fb785e1d..6dff2d36ad6b 100644
> > --- a/fs/f2fs/segment.c
> > +++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
> > @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
> >   #include <linux/timer.h>
> >   #include <linux/freezer.h>
> >   #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> > +#include <linux/random.h>
> >
> >   #include "f2fs.h"
> >   #include "segment.h"
> > @@ -2587,6 +2588,8 @@ static unsigned int __get_next_segno(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
> >       unsigned short seg_type = curseg->seg_type;
> >
> >       sanity_check_seg_type(sbi, seg_type);
> > +     if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
> > +             return prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
> >
> >       /* if segs_per_sec is large than 1, we need to keep original policy. */
> >       if (__is_large_section(sbi))
> > @@ -3150,6 +3153,15 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
> >   static bool __has_curseg_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
> >                                       struct curseg_info *curseg)
> >   {
> > +     /* To allocate block chunks in different sizes, use random number */
> > +     if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM) {
> > +             if (--sbi->blk_alloc_remained < 0) {
> > +                     sbi->blk_alloc_remained = prandom_u32() %
> > +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max;
> > +                     return false;
> > +             }
> > +     }
>
> Why not adjusting __refresh_next_blkoff(), so we can control granularity of
> allocation interval, e.g.
>
>         if (seg->alloc_type == SSR)
>                 seg->next_blkoff =
>                         __next_free_blkoff(sbi, seg->segno,
>                                                 seg->next_blkoff + 1);
>         else if (seg->alloc_type == LFS)
>                 seg->next_blkoff++;
>         else
>                 seg->next_blkoff += sbi->fragment_granularity;
>
> Thanks,
>

I am not sure this is safe, is this?
Plus, I wanted to allocate the blocks in a chunk sized between
<1..num>. This is a little bit different from what I meant.


> > +
> >       return curseg->next_blkoff < f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(sbi,
> >                                                       curseg->segno);
> >   }
> > diff --git a/fs/f2fs/super.c b/fs/f2fs/super.c
> > index 9ead6d2e703b..ef14f3e8b29a 100644
> > --- a/fs/f2fs/super.c
> > +++ b/fs/f2fs/super.c
> > @@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ enum {
> >       Opt_atgc,
> >       Opt_gc_merge,
> >       Opt_nogc_merge,
> > +     Opt_blk_alloc_mode,
> >       Opt_err,
> >   };
> >
> > @@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ static match_table_t f2fs_tokens = {
> >       {Opt_atgc, "atgc"},
> >       {Opt_gc_merge, "gc_merge"},
> >       {Opt_nogc_merge, "nogc_merge"},
> > +     {Opt_blk_alloc_mode, "blk_alloc_mode=%s"},
> >       {Opt_err, NULL},
> >   };
> >
> > @@ -1173,6 +1175,40 @@ static int parse_options(struct super_block *sb, char *options, bool is_remount)
> >               case Opt_nogc_merge:
> >                       clear_opt(sbi, GC_MERGE);
> >                       break;
> > +             case Opt_blk_alloc_mode:
> > +                     name = match_strdup(&args[0]);
> > +                     if (!name)
> > +                             return -ENOMEM;
> > +                     if (!strcmp(name, "normal")) {
> > +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
> > +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
> > +                     } else if (!strcmp(name, "seg_random")) {
> > +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
> > +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM;
> > +                     } else if (!strncmp(name, "blk_random:", 11)) {
> > +                             const char *num = name + 11;
> > +                             long size;
> > +
> > +                             ret = kstrtol(num, 10, &size);
> > +                             if (ret) {
> > +                                     kfree(name);
> > +                                     return ret;
> > +                             }
> > +                             if (size < MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
> > +                                     size = MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> > +                             else if (size > MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
> > +                                     size = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> > +
> > +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
> > +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
> > +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = size;
> > +                             sbi->blk_alloc_remained = size;
> > +                     } else {
> > +                             kfree(name);
> > +                             return -EINVAL;
> > +                     }
> > +                     kfree(name);
> > +                     break;
> >               default:
> >                       f2fs_err(sbi, "Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" or missing value",
> >                                p);
> > @@ -1919,6 +1955,14 @@ static int f2fs_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
> >       else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).fsync_mode == FSYNC_MODE_NOBARRIER)
> >               seq_printf(seq, ",fsync_mode=%s", "nobarrier");
> >
> > +     if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL)
> > +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "normal");
> > +     else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM)
> > +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "seg_random");
> > +     else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM)
> > +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s:%d", "blk_random",
> > +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max);
> > +
> >   #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
> >       f2fs_show_compress_options(seq, sbi->sb);
> >   #endif
> > @@ -1947,6 +1991,9 @@ static void default_options(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> >       F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_ext_cnt = 0;
> >       F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_mode = COMPR_MODE_FS;
> >       F2FS_OPTION(sbi).bggc_mode = BGGC_MODE_ON;
> > +     F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode = BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
> > +     F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> > +     sbi->blk_alloc_remained = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> >
> >       sbi->sb->s_flags &= ~SB_INLINECRYPT;
> >
> >

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2] f2fs: introduce blk_alloc_mode mount option

[Chao Yu]

On 2021/8/11 13:41, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> On Tue, Aug 10, 2021 at 6:58 PM Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org> wrote:
>>
>> On 2021/8/10 2:54, Daeho Jeong wrote:
>>> From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
>>>
>>> Added a mount option to control block allocation mode for filesystem
>>> developer to simulate filesystem fragmentation and after-GC situation
>>> for experimental reasons to understand the filesystem behaviors well
>>
>> At a glance, I think this functionality can be used to initialize filesystem
>> status as fragmented one, which is commonly used in the first step of aging
>> test, in order to make filesystem fragmented, aging program needs to fill
>> file or block sequentially and remove them at fixed interval, that takes a
>> lot of time. IMO, it will be great to support this by filesystem naturally
>> to save time of aging filessytem, rather just for experimental reasons to
>> understand filesystem behavior.
>>
> 
> Yes, that's what I meant~ :)
> 
>> Maybe we can add a new mode for filesystem allocation mode except adaptive
>> and lfs mode, maybe "fragment" mode... :P
>>
> 
> Sounds good~ Could you suggest the names for both blk_random and seg_random.
> We need seg_random mode,too, in order to simulate after-GC condition.

mode=fragment:block and mode=fragment:segment?

> 
>>> under the severe condition. This supports "normal", "seg_random" and
>>> "blk_random:<num>" options.
>>>
>>> "normal" (default): f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
>>> "seg_random": f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
>>>                 With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
>>> "blk_random:<num>": We can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num> blocks
>>>                       in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
>>>                       With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter
>>>                       throughout the whole partition and we can simulate
>>>                       filesystem fragmentation condition.
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
>>>
>>> ---
>>> v2: changed the <num> initialization way.
>>> ---
>>>    Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst | 16 ++++++++++
>>>    fs/f2fs/f2fs.h                     | 20 +++++++++++++
>>>    fs/f2fs/gc.c                       |  5 +++-
>>>    fs/f2fs/segment.c                  | 12 ++++++++
>>>    fs/f2fs/super.c                    | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>>    5 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
>>> index ff9e7cc97c65..a0ca963fda20 100644
>>> --- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
>>> +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
>>> @@ -312,6 +312,22 @@ inlinecrypt               When possible, encrypt/decrypt the contents of encrypted
>>>                         Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst.
>>>    atgc                         Enable age-threshold garbage collection, it provides high
>>>                         effectiveness and efficiency on background GC.
>>> +blk_alloc_mode=%s     Control block allocation mode. This is a developer option
>>> +                      for experiments to simulate filesystem fragmentation and
>>> +                      after-GC situation. The developers use this mode to understand
>>> +                      filesystem fragmentation and after-GC condition well, and
>>> +                      eventually get the insight to handle them better.
>>> +                      This supports "normal", "seg_random" and "blk_random:<num>" modes.
>>> +                      In "normal" mode (default), f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
>>> +                      In "seg_random", f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
>>> +                      With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
>>> +                      In "blk_random:<num>", we can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num>
>>> +                      blocks in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
>>> +                      You can set the <num> within 1 .. 512 number.
>>> +                      With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter throughout
>>> +                      the whole partition and we can simulate filesystem fragmentation
>>> +                      condition. Please, use this option for your experiments and we
>>> +                      strongly recommand a filesystem format after using this option.
>>>    ======================== ============================================================
>>>
>>>    Debugfs Entries
>>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
>>> index fccee18ab776..aed09e8c0fce 100644
>>> --- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
>>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
>>> @@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ struct f2fs_mount_info {
>>>        int compress_mode;                      /* compression mode */
>>>        unsigned char extensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
>>>        unsigned char noextensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
>>> +
>>> +     int blk_alloc_mode;             /* block allocation mode */
>>> +     int blk_alloc_random_max;       /* the maximum chunk size for block random allocation mode */
>>>    };
>>>
>>>    #define F2FS_FEATURE_ENCRYPT                0x0001
>>> @@ -1740,6 +1743,8 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
>>>
>>>        unsigned long seq_file_ra_mul;          /* multiplier for ra_pages of seq. files in fadvise */
>>>
>>> +     int blk_alloc_remained;                 /* remained block count for this block allocation period */
>>> +
>>>    #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
>>>        struct kmem_cache *page_array_slab;     /* page array entry */
>>>        unsigned int page_array_slab_size;      /* default page array slab size */
>>> @@ -3619,6 +3624,21 @@ unsigned int f2fs_usable_segs_in_sec(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>>>    unsigned int f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>>>                        unsigned int segno);
>>>
>>> +#define MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM 1
>>> +#define MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM 512
>>> +
>>> +enum {
>>> +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL,          /* normal block allocation mode */
>>> +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM,      /* make segment allocation random */
>>> +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM,      /* make block allocation random */
>>> +};
>>> +
>>> +static inline bool f2fs_need_seg_random(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
>>> +{
>>> +     return F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM ||
>>> +             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>>    /*
>>>     * checkpoint.c
>>>     */
>>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/gc.c b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
>>> index 9dce44619069..571b50322e6e 100644
>>> --- a/fs/f2fs/gc.c
>>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
>>> @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
>>>    #include <linux/delay.h>
>>>    #include <linux/freezer.h>
>>>    #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
>>> +#include <linux/random.h>
>>>
>>>    #include "f2fs.h"
>>>    #include "node.h"
>>> @@ -256,7 +257,9 @@ static void select_policy(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int gc_type,
>>>                p->max_search = sbi->max_victim_search;
>>>
>>>        /* let's select beginning hot/small space first in no_heap mode*/
>>> -     if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
>>> +     if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
>>> +             p->offset = prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
>>> +     else if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
>>>                (type == CURSEG_HOT_DATA || IS_NODESEG(type)))
>>>                p->offset = 0;
>>>        else
>>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
>>> index f9b7fb785e1d..6dff2d36ad6b 100644
>>> --- a/fs/f2fs/segment.c
>>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
>>> @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
>>>    #include <linux/timer.h>
>>>    #include <linux/freezer.h>
>>>    #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
>>> +#include <linux/random.h>
>>>
>>>    #include "f2fs.h"
>>>    #include "segment.h"
>>> @@ -2587,6 +2588,8 @@ static unsigned int __get_next_segno(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
>>>        unsigned short seg_type = curseg->seg_type;
>>>
>>>        sanity_check_seg_type(sbi, seg_type);
>>> +     if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
>>> +             return prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
>>>
>>>        /* if segs_per_sec is large than 1, we need to keep original policy. */
>>>        if (__is_large_section(sbi))
>>> @@ -3150,6 +3153,15 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
>>>    static bool __has_curseg_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>>>                                        struct curseg_info *curseg)
>>>    {
>>> +     /* To allocate block chunks in different sizes, use random number */
>>> +     if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM) {
>>> +             if (--sbi->blk_alloc_remained < 0) {
>>> +                     sbi->blk_alloc_remained = prandom_u32() %
>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max;
>>> +                     return false;
>>> +             }
>>> +     }
>>
>> Why not adjusting __refresh_next_blkoff(), so we can control granularity of
>> allocation interval, e.g.
>>
>>          if (seg->alloc_type == SSR)
>>                  seg->next_blkoff =
>>                          __next_free_blkoff(sbi, seg->segno,
>>                                                  seg->next_blkoff + 1);
>>          else if (seg->alloc_type == LFS)
>>                  seg->next_blkoff++;
>>          else
>>                  seg->next_blkoff += sbi->fragment_granularity;
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
> 
> I am not sure this is safe, is this?

I didn't look into the details, but what I mean here is we can control
log header pointer directly to fragment filesystem as we expect.

> Plus, I wanted to allocate the blocks in a chunk sized between
> <1..num>. This is a little bit different from what I meant.

Ah, I see, maybe we can maintain an extra config cur_chunk_size for each
log header to control chunksize in fragmenting flow.

__refresh_next_blkoff()

	seg->next_blkoff++;
	seg->cur_chunk_size++;
	if (seg->cur_chunk_size == sbi->fragment_chunk_size) {
		seg->cur_chunk_size = 0;
		seg->next_blkoff += sbi->fragment_hole_size;
	}

.fragment_chunk_size + .fragment_hole_size should be 1 << n (1 <= n <= 9), e.g.:

a) data(4k) | hole(4k) | data | hole | ...
.fragment_chunk_size = 1
.fragment_hole_size = 1

b) data(12k) | hole(4k) | data | hole | ...
.fragment_chunk_size = 3
.fragment_hole_size = 1

c) data(4k) | hole (12k) |data | hole | ...
.fragment_chunk_size = 1
.fragment_hole_size = 3

And we can control .fragment_chunk_size and .fragment_hole_size via sysfs?

Thoughts?

Thanks,

> 
> 
>>> +
>>>        return curseg->next_blkoff < f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(sbi,
>>>                                                        curseg->segno);
>>>    }
>>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/super.c b/fs/f2fs/super.c
>>> index 9ead6d2e703b..ef14f3e8b29a 100644
>>> --- a/fs/f2fs/super.c
>>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/super.c
>>> @@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ enum {
>>>        Opt_atgc,
>>>        Opt_gc_merge,
>>>        Opt_nogc_merge,
>>> +     Opt_blk_alloc_mode,
>>>        Opt_err,
>>>    };
>>>
>>> @@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ static match_table_t f2fs_tokens = {
>>>        {Opt_atgc, "atgc"},
>>>        {Opt_gc_merge, "gc_merge"},
>>>        {Opt_nogc_merge, "nogc_merge"},
>>> +     {Opt_blk_alloc_mode, "blk_alloc_mode=%s"},
>>>        {Opt_err, NULL},
>>>    };
>>>
>>> @@ -1173,6 +1175,40 @@ static int parse_options(struct super_block *sb, char *options, bool is_remount)
>>>                case Opt_nogc_merge:
>>>                        clear_opt(sbi, GC_MERGE);
>>>                        break;
>>> +             case Opt_blk_alloc_mode:
>>> +                     name = match_strdup(&args[0]);
>>> +                     if (!name)
>>> +                             return -ENOMEM;
>>> +                     if (!strcmp(name, "normal")) {
>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
>>> +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
>>> +                     } else if (!strcmp(name, "seg_random")) {
>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
>>> +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM;
>>> +                     } else if (!strncmp(name, "blk_random:", 11)) {
>>> +                             const char *num = name + 11;
>>> +                             long size;
>>> +
>>> +                             ret = kstrtol(num, 10, &size);
>>> +                             if (ret) {
>>> +                                     kfree(name);
>>> +                                     return ret;
>>> +                             }
>>> +                             if (size < MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
>>> +                                     size = MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
>>> +                             else if (size > MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
>>> +                                     size = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
>>> +
>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
>>> +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = size;
>>> +                             sbi->blk_alloc_remained = size;
>>> +                     } else {
>>> +                             kfree(name);
>>> +                             return -EINVAL;
>>> +                     }
>>> +                     kfree(name);
>>> +                     break;
>>>                default:
>>>                        f2fs_err(sbi, "Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" or missing value",
>>>                                 p);
>>> @@ -1919,6 +1955,14 @@ static int f2fs_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
>>>        else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).fsync_mode == FSYNC_MODE_NOBARRIER)
>>>                seq_printf(seq, ",fsync_mode=%s", "nobarrier");
>>>
>>> +     if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL)
>>> +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "normal");
>>> +     else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM)
>>> +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "seg_random");
>>> +     else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM)
>>> +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s:%d", "blk_random",
>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max);
>>> +
>>>    #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
>>>        f2fs_show_compress_options(seq, sbi->sb);
>>>    #endif
>>> @@ -1947,6 +1991,9 @@ static void default_options(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
>>>        F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_ext_cnt = 0;
>>>        F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_mode = COMPR_MODE_FS;
>>>        F2FS_OPTION(sbi).bggc_mode = BGGC_MODE_ON;
>>> +     F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode = BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
>>> +     F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
>>> +     sbi->blk_alloc_remained = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
>>>
>>>        sbi->sb->s_flags &= ~SB_INLINECRYPT;
>>>
>>>

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2] f2fs: introduce blk_alloc_mode mount option

[Daeho Jeong]

On Wed, Aug 11, 2021 at 5:41 AM Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> On 2021/8/11 13:41, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> > On Tue, Aug 10, 2021 at 6:58 PM Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org> wrote:
> >>
> >> On 2021/8/10 2:54, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> >>> From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> >>>
> >>> Added a mount option to control block allocation mode for filesystem
> >>> developer to simulate filesystem fragmentation and after-GC situation
> >>> for experimental reasons to understand the filesystem behaviors well
> >>
> >> At a glance, I think this functionality can be used to initialize filesystem
> >> status as fragmented one, which is commonly used in the first step of aging
> >> test, in order to make filesystem fragmented, aging program needs to fill
> >> file or block sequentially and remove them at fixed interval, that takes a
> >> lot of time. IMO, it will be great to support this by filesystem naturally
> >> to save time of aging filessytem, rather just for experimental reasons to
> >> understand filesystem behavior.
> >>
> >
> > Yes, that's what I meant~ :)
> >
> >> Maybe we can add a new mode for filesystem allocation mode except adaptive
> >> and lfs mode, maybe "fragment" mode... :P
> >>
> >
> > Sounds good~ Could you suggest the names for both blk_random and seg_random.
> > We need seg_random mode,too, in order to simulate after-GC condition.
>
> mode=fragment:block and mode=fragment:segment?
>
> >
> >>> under the severe condition. This supports "normal", "seg_random" and
> >>> "blk_random:<num>" options.
> >>>
> >>> "normal" (default): f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
> >>> "seg_random": f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
> >>>                 With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
> >>> "blk_random:<num>": We can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num> blocks
> >>>                       in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
> >>>                       With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter
> >>>                       throughout the whole partition and we can simulate
> >>>                       filesystem fragmentation condition.
> >>>
> >>> Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
> >>>
> >>> ---
> >>> v2: changed the <num> initialization way.
> >>> ---
> >>>    Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst | 16 ++++++++++
> >>>    fs/f2fs/f2fs.h                     | 20 +++++++++++++
> >>>    fs/f2fs/gc.c                       |  5 +++-
> >>>    fs/f2fs/segment.c                  | 12 ++++++++
> >>>    fs/f2fs/super.c                    | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >>>    5 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >>>
> >>> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
> >>> index ff9e7cc97c65..a0ca963fda20 100644
> >>> --- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
> >>> +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
> >>> @@ -312,6 +312,22 @@ inlinecrypt               When possible, encrypt/decrypt the contents of encrypted
> >>>                         Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst.
> >>>    atgc                         Enable age-threshold garbage collection, it provides high
> >>>                         effectiveness and efficiency on background GC.
> >>> +blk_alloc_mode=%s     Control block allocation mode. This is a developer option
> >>> +                      for experiments to simulate filesystem fragmentation and
> >>> +                      after-GC situation. The developers use this mode to understand
> >>> +                      filesystem fragmentation and after-GC condition well, and
> >>> +                      eventually get the insight to handle them better.
> >>> +                      This supports "normal", "seg_random" and "blk_random:<num>" modes.
> >>> +                      In "normal" mode (default), f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
> >>> +                      In "seg_random", f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
> >>> +                      With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
> >>> +                      In "blk_random:<num>", we can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num>
> >>> +                      blocks in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
> >>> +                      You can set the <num> within 1 .. 512 number.
> >>> +                      With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter throughout
> >>> +                      the whole partition and we can simulate filesystem fragmentation
> >>> +                      condition. Please, use this option for your experiments and we
> >>> +                      strongly recommand a filesystem format after using this option.
> >>>    ======================== ============================================================
> >>>
> >>>    Debugfs Entries
> >>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> >>> index fccee18ab776..aed09e8c0fce 100644
> >>> --- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> >>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
> >>> @@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ struct f2fs_mount_info {
> >>>        int compress_mode;                      /* compression mode */
> >>>        unsigned char extensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
> >>>        unsigned char noextensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
> >>> +
> >>> +     int blk_alloc_mode;             /* block allocation mode */
> >>> +     int blk_alloc_random_max;       /* the maximum chunk size for block random allocation mode */
> >>>    };
> >>>
> >>>    #define F2FS_FEATURE_ENCRYPT                0x0001
> >>> @@ -1740,6 +1743,8 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
> >>>
> >>>        unsigned long seq_file_ra_mul;          /* multiplier for ra_pages of seq. files in fadvise */
> >>>
> >>> +     int blk_alloc_remained;                 /* remained block count for this block allocation period */
> >>> +
> >>>    #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
> >>>        struct kmem_cache *page_array_slab;     /* page array entry */
> >>>        unsigned int page_array_slab_size;      /* default page array slab size */
> >>> @@ -3619,6 +3624,21 @@ unsigned int f2fs_usable_segs_in_sec(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
> >>>    unsigned int f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
> >>>                        unsigned int segno);
> >>>
> >>> +#define MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM 1
> >>> +#define MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM 512
> >>> +
> >>> +enum {
> >>> +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL,          /* normal block allocation mode */
> >>> +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM,      /* make segment allocation random */
> >>> +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM,      /* make block allocation random */
> >>> +};
> >>> +
> >>> +static inline bool f2fs_need_seg_random(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> >>> +{
> >>> +     return F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM ||
> >>> +             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
> >>> +}
> >>> +
> >>>    /*
> >>>     * checkpoint.c
> >>>     */
> >>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/gc.c b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
> >>> index 9dce44619069..571b50322e6e 100644
> >>> --- a/fs/f2fs/gc.c
> >>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
> >>> @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
> >>>    #include <linux/delay.h>
> >>>    #include <linux/freezer.h>
> >>>    #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> >>> +#include <linux/random.h>
> >>>
> >>>    #include "f2fs.h"
> >>>    #include "node.h"
> >>> @@ -256,7 +257,9 @@ static void select_policy(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int gc_type,
> >>>                p->max_search = sbi->max_victim_search;
> >>>
> >>>        /* let's select beginning hot/small space first in no_heap mode*/
> >>> -     if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
> >>> +     if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
> >>> +             p->offset = prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
> >>> +     else if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
> >>>                (type == CURSEG_HOT_DATA || IS_NODESEG(type)))
> >>>                p->offset = 0;
> >>>        else
> >>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
> >>> index f9b7fb785e1d..6dff2d36ad6b 100644
> >>> --- a/fs/f2fs/segment.c
> >>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
> >>> @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
> >>>    #include <linux/timer.h>
> >>>    #include <linux/freezer.h>
> >>>    #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> >>> +#include <linux/random.h>
> >>>
> >>>    #include "f2fs.h"
> >>>    #include "segment.h"
> >>> @@ -2587,6 +2588,8 @@ static unsigned int __get_next_segno(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
> >>>        unsigned short seg_type = curseg->seg_type;
> >>>
> >>>        sanity_check_seg_type(sbi, seg_type);
> >>> +     if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
> >>> +             return prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
> >>>
> >>>        /* if segs_per_sec is large than 1, we need to keep original policy. */
> >>>        if (__is_large_section(sbi))
> >>> @@ -3150,6 +3153,15 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
> >>>    static bool __has_curseg_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
> >>>                                        struct curseg_info *curseg)
> >>>    {
> >>> +     /* To allocate block chunks in different sizes, use random number */
> >>> +     if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM) {
> >>> +             if (--sbi->blk_alloc_remained < 0) {
> >>> +                     sbi->blk_alloc_remained = prandom_u32() %
> >>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max;
> >>> +                     return false;
> >>> +             }
> >>> +     }
> >>
> >> Why not adjusting __refresh_next_blkoff(), so we can control granularity of
> >> allocation interval, e.g.
> >>
> >>          if (seg->alloc_type == SSR)
> >>                  seg->next_blkoff =
> >>                          __next_free_blkoff(sbi, seg->segno,
> >>                                                  seg->next_blkoff + 1);
> >>          else if (seg->alloc_type == LFS)
> >>                  seg->next_blkoff++;
> >>          else
> >>                  seg->next_blkoff += sbi->fragment_granularity;
> >>
> >> Thanks,
> >>
> >
> > I am not sure this is safe, is this?
>
> I didn't look into the details, but what I mean here is we can control
> log header pointer directly to fragment filesystem as we expect.
>
> > Plus, I wanted to allocate the blocks in a chunk sized between
> > <1..num>. This is a little bit different from what I meant.
>
> Ah, I see, maybe we can maintain an extra config cur_chunk_size for each
> log header to control chunksize in fragmenting flow.
>
> __refresh_next_blkoff()
>
>         seg->next_blkoff++;
>         seg->cur_chunk_size++;
>         if (seg->cur_chunk_size == sbi->fragment_chunk_size) {
>                 seg->cur_chunk_size = 0;
>                 seg->next_blkoff += sbi->fragment_hole_size;
>         }
>
> .fragment_chunk_size + .fragment_hole_size should be 1 << n (1 <= n <= 9), e.g.:
>
> a) data(4k) | hole(4k) | data | hole | ...
> .fragment_chunk_size = 1
> .fragment_hole_size = 1
>
> b) data(12k) | hole(4k) | data | hole | ...
> .fragment_chunk_size = 3
> .fragment_hole_size = 1
>
> c) data(4k) | hole (12k) |data | hole | ...
> .fragment_chunk_size = 1
> .fragment_hole_size = 3
>
> And we can control .fragment_chunk_size and .fragment_hole_size via sysfs?
>
> Thoughts?

This way, we might have some trouble when we are running out of disk space.
Under low free disk space, we might not be able to allocate the space this way.
That is the reason I went my first way.

Do you have other thoughts for this? Otherwise, I think my first
approach would work.
Giving a way to make the filesystem fragmented is also good, but I
think just simulating the performance drop after fragmentation might
be useful for most cases.

>
> Thanks,
>
> >
> >
> >>> +
> >>>        return curseg->next_blkoff < f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(sbi,
> >>>                                                        curseg->segno);
> >>>    }
> >>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/super.c b/fs/f2fs/super.c
> >>> index 9ead6d2e703b..ef14f3e8b29a 100644
> >>> --- a/fs/f2fs/super.c
> >>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/super.c
> >>> @@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ enum {
> >>>        Opt_atgc,
> >>>        Opt_gc_merge,
> >>>        Opt_nogc_merge,
> >>> +     Opt_blk_alloc_mode,
> >>>        Opt_err,
> >>>    };
> >>>
> >>> @@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ static match_table_t f2fs_tokens = {
> >>>        {Opt_atgc, "atgc"},
> >>>        {Opt_gc_merge, "gc_merge"},
> >>>        {Opt_nogc_merge, "nogc_merge"},
> >>> +     {Opt_blk_alloc_mode, "blk_alloc_mode=%s"},
> >>>        {Opt_err, NULL},
> >>>    };
> >>>
> >>> @@ -1173,6 +1175,40 @@ static int parse_options(struct super_block *sb, char *options, bool is_remount)
> >>>                case Opt_nogc_merge:
> >>>                        clear_opt(sbi, GC_MERGE);
> >>>                        break;
> >>> +             case Opt_blk_alloc_mode:
> >>> +                     name = match_strdup(&args[0]);
> >>> +                     if (!name)
> >>> +                             return -ENOMEM;
> >>> +                     if (!strcmp(name, "normal")) {
> >>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
> >>> +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
> >>> +                     } else if (!strcmp(name, "seg_random")) {
> >>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
> >>> +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM;
> >>> +                     } else if (!strncmp(name, "blk_random:", 11)) {
> >>> +                             const char *num = name + 11;
> >>> +                             long size;
> >>> +
> >>> +                             ret = kstrtol(num, 10, &size);
> >>> +                             if (ret) {
> >>> +                                     kfree(name);
> >>> +                                     return ret;
> >>> +                             }
> >>> +                             if (size < MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
> >>> +                                     size = MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> >>> +                             else if (size > MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
> >>> +                                     size = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> >>> +
> >>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
> >>> +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
> >>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = size;
> >>> +                             sbi->blk_alloc_remained = size;
> >>> +                     } else {
> >>> +                             kfree(name);
> >>> +                             return -EINVAL;
> >>> +                     }
> >>> +                     kfree(name);
> >>> +                     break;
> >>>                default:
> >>>                        f2fs_err(sbi, "Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" or missing value",
> >>>                                 p);
> >>> @@ -1919,6 +1955,14 @@ static int f2fs_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
> >>>        else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).fsync_mode == FSYNC_MODE_NOBARRIER)
> >>>                seq_printf(seq, ",fsync_mode=%s", "nobarrier");
> >>>
> >>> +     if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL)
> >>> +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "normal");
> >>> +     else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM)
> >>> +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "seg_random");
> >>> +     else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM)
> >>> +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s:%d", "blk_random",
> >>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max);
> >>> +
> >>>    #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
> >>>        f2fs_show_compress_options(seq, sbi->sb);
> >>>    #endif
> >>> @@ -1947,6 +1991,9 @@ static void default_options(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
> >>>        F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_ext_cnt = 0;
> >>>        F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_mode = COMPR_MODE_FS;
> >>>        F2FS_OPTION(sbi).bggc_mode = BGGC_MODE_ON;
> >>> +     F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode = BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
> >>> +     F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> >>> +     sbi->blk_alloc_remained = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
> >>>
> >>>        sbi->sb->s_flags &= ~SB_INLINECRYPT;
> >>>
> >>>

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2] f2fs: introduce blk_alloc_mode mount option

[Chao Yu]

On 2021/8/16 12:57, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> On Wed, Aug 11, 2021 at 5:41 AM Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org> wrote:
>>
>> On 2021/8/11 13:41, Daeho Jeong wrote:
>>> On Tue, Aug 10, 2021 at 6:58 PM Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> On 2021/8/10 2:54, Daeho Jeong wrote:
>>>>> From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
>>>>>
>>>>> Added a mount option to control block allocation mode for filesystem
>>>>> developer to simulate filesystem fragmentation and after-GC situation
>>>>> for experimental reasons to understand the filesystem behaviors well
>>>>
>>>> At a glance, I think this functionality can be used to initialize filesystem
>>>> status as fragmented one, which is commonly used in the first step of aging
>>>> test, in order to make filesystem fragmented, aging program needs to fill
>>>> file or block sequentially and remove them at fixed interval, that takes a
>>>> lot of time. IMO, it will be great to support this by filesystem naturally
>>>> to save time of aging filessytem, rather just for experimental reasons to
>>>> understand filesystem behavior.
>>>>
>>>
>>> Yes, that's what I meant~ :)
>>>
>>>> Maybe we can add a new mode for filesystem allocation mode except adaptive
>>>> and lfs mode, maybe "fragment" mode... :P
>>>>
>>>
>>> Sounds good~ Could you suggest the names for both blk_random and seg_random.
>>> We need seg_random mode,too, in order to simulate after-GC condition.
>>
>> mode=fragment:block and mode=fragment:segment?
>>
>>>
>>>>> under the severe condition. This supports "normal", "seg_random" and
>>>>> "blk_random:<num>" options.
>>>>>
>>>>> "normal" (default): f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
>>>>> "seg_random": f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
>>>>>                  With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
>>>>> "blk_random:<num>": We can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num> blocks
>>>>>                        in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
>>>>>                        With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter
>>>>>                        throughout the whole partition and we can simulate
>>>>>                        filesystem fragmentation condition.
>>>>>
>>>>> Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@google.com>
>>>>>
>>>>> ---
>>>>> v2: changed the <num> initialization way.
>>>>> ---
>>>>>     Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst | 16 ++++++++++
>>>>>     fs/f2fs/f2fs.h                     | 20 +++++++++++++
>>>>>     fs/f2fs/gc.c                       |  5 +++-
>>>>>     fs/f2fs/segment.c                  | 12 ++++++++
>>>>>     fs/f2fs/super.c                    | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>>>>     5 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>>>>
>>>>> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
>>>>> index ff9e7cc97c65..a0ca963fda20 100644
>>>>> --- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
>>>>> +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
>>>>> @@ -312,6 +312,22 @@ inlinecrypt               When possible, encrypt/decrypt the contents of encrypted
>>>>>                          Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst.
>>>>>     atgc                         Enable age-threshold garbage collection, it provides high
>>>>>                          effectiveness and efficiency on background GC.
>>>>> +blk_alloc_mode=%s     Control block allocation mode. This is a developer option
>>>>> +                      for experiments to simulate filesystem fragmentation and
>>>>> +                      after-GC situation. The developers use this mode to understand
>>>>> +                      filesystem fragmentation and after-GC condition well, and
>>>>> +                      eventually get the insight to handle them better.
>>>>> +                      This supports "normal", "seg_random" and "blk_random:<num>" modes.
>>>>> +                      In "normal" mode (default), f2fs allocates blocks in the normal way.
>>>>> +                      In "seg_random", f2fs allocates a new segment in ramdom position.
>>>>> +                      With this, we can simulate the after-GC condition.
>>>>> +                      In "blk_random:<num>", we can make f2fs allocate only 1..<num>
>>>>> +                      blocks in a row and forcibly change the segment randomly.
>>>>> +                      You can set the <num> within 1 .. 512 number.
>>>>> +                      With this, the newly allocated blocks will be scatter throughout
>>>>> +                      the whole partition and we can simulate filesystem fragmentation
>>>>> +                      condition. Please, use this option for your experiments and we
>>>>> +                      strongly recommand a filesystem format after using this option.
>>>>>     ======================== ============================================================
>>>>>
>>>>>     Debugfs Entries
>>>>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
>>>>> index fccee18ab776..aed09e8c0fce 100644
>>>>> --- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
>>>>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
>>>>> @@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ struct f2fs_mount_info {
>>>>>         int compress_mode;                      /* compression mode */
>>>>>         unsigned char extensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
>>>>>         unsigned char noextensions[COMPRESS_EXT_NUM][F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN]; /* extensions */
>>>>> +
>>>>> +     int blk_alloc_mode;             /* block allocation mode */
>>>>> +     int blk_alloc_random_max;       /* the maximum chunk size for block random allocation mode */
>>>>>     };
>>>>>
>>>>>     #define F2FS_FEATURE_ENCRYPT                0x0001
>>>>> @@ -1740,6 +1743,8 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
>>>>>
>>>>>         unsigned long seq_file_ra_mul;          /* multiplier for ra_pages of seq. files in fadvise */
>>>>>
>>>>> +     int blk_alloc_remained;                 /* remained block count for this block allocation period */
>>>>> +
>>>>>     #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
>>>>>         struct kmem_cache *page_array_slab;     /* page array entry */
>>>>>         unsigned int page_array_slab_size;      /* default page array slab size */
>>>>> @@ -3619,6 +3624,21 @@ unsigned int f2fs_usable_segs_in_sec(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>>>>>     unsigned int f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>>>>>                         unsigned int segno);
>>>>>
>>>>> +#define MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM 1
>>>>> +#define MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM 512
>>>>> +
>>>>> +enum {
>>>>> +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL,          /* normal block allocation mode */
>>>>> +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM,      /* make segment allocation random */
>>>>> +     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM,      /* make block allocation random */
>>>>> +};
>>>>> +
>>>>> +static inline bool f2fs_need_seg_random(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +     return F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM ||
>>>>> +             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
>>>>> +}
>>>>> +
>>>>>     /*
>>>>>      * checkpoint.c
>>>>>      */
>>>>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/gc.c b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
>>>>> index 9dce44619069..571b50322e6e 100644
>>>>> --- a/fs/f2fs/gc.c
>>>>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
>>>>> @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
>>>>>     #include <linux/delay.h>
>>>>>     #include <linux/freezer.h>
>>>>>     #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
>>>>> +#include <linux/random.h>
>>>>>
>>>>>     #include "f2fs.h"
>>>>>     #include "node.h"
>>>>> @@ -256,7 +257,9 @@ static void select_policy(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int gc_type,
>>>>>                 p->max_search = sbi->max_victim_search;
>>>>>
>>>>>         /* let's select beginning hot/small space first in no_heap mode*/
>>>>> -     if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
>>>>> +     if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
>>>>> +             p->offset = prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
>>>>> +     else if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP) &&
>>>>>                 (type == CURSEG_HOT_DATA || IS_NODESEG(type)))
>>>>>                 p->offset = 0;
>>>>>         else
>>>>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
>>>>> index f9b7fb785e1d..6dff2d36ad6b 100644
>>>>> --- a/fs/f2fs/segment.c
>>>>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
>>>>> @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
>>>>>     #include <linux/timer.h>
>>>>>     #include <linux/freezer.h>
>>>>>     #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
>>>>> +#include <linux/random.h>
>>>>>
>>>>>     #include "f2fs.h"
>>>>>     #include "segment.h"
>>>>> @@ -2587,6 +2588,8 @@ static unsigned int __get_next_segno(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
>>>>>         unsigned short seg_type = curseg->seg_type;
>>>>>
>>>>>         sanity_check_seg_type(sbi, seg_type);
>>>>> +     if (f2fs_need_seg_random(sbi))
>>>>> +             return prandom_u32() % (MAIN_SECS(sbi) * sbi->segs_per_sec);
>>>>>
>>>>>         /* if segs_per_sec is large than 1, we need to keep original policy. */
>>>>>         if (__is_large_section(sbi))
>>>>> @@ -3150,6 +3153,15 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
>>>>>     static bool __has_curseg_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>>>>>                                         struct curseg_info *curseg)
>>>>>     {
>>>>> +     /* To allocate block chunks in different sizes, use random number */
>>>>> +     if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM) {
>>>>> +             if (--sbi->blk_alloc_remained < 0) {
>>>>> +                     sbi->blk_alloc_remained = prandom_u32() %
>>>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max;
>>>>> +                     return false;
>>>>> +             }
>>>>> +     }
>>>>
>>>> Why not adjusting __refresh_next_blkoff(), so we can control granularity of
>>>> allocation interval, e.g.
>>>>
>>>>           if (seg->alloc_type == SSR)
>>>>                   seg->next_blkoff =
>>>>                           __next_free_blkoff(sbi, seg->segno,
>>>>                                                   seg->next_blkoff + 1);
>>>>           else if (seg->alloc_type == LFS)
>>>>                   seg->next_blkoff++;
>>>>           else
>>>>                   seg->next_blkoff += sbi->fragment_granularity;
>>>>
>>>> Thanks,
>>>>
>>>
>>> I am not sure this is safe, is this?
>>
>> I didn't look into the details, but what I mean here is we can control
>> log header pointer directly to fragment filesystem as we expect.
>>
>>> Plus, I wanted to allocate the blocks in a chunk sized between
>>> <1..num>. This is a little bit different from what I meant.
>>
>> Ah, I see, maybe we can maintain an extra config cur_chunk_size for each
>> log header to control chunksize in fragmenting flow.
>>
>> __refresh_next_blkoff()
>>
>>          seg->next_blkoff++;
>>          seg->cur_chunk_size++;
>>          if (seg->cur_chunk_size == sbi->fragment_chunk_size) {
>>                  seg->cur_chunk_size = 0;
>>                  seg->next_blkoff += sbi->fragment_hole_size;
>>          }
>>
>> .fragment_chunk_size + .fragment_hole_size should be 1 << n (1 <= n <= 9), e.g.:
>>
>> a) data(4k) | hole(4k) | data | hole | ...
>> .fragment_chunk_size = 1
>> .fragment_hole_size = 1
>>
>> b) data(12k) | hole(4k) | data | hole | ...
>> .fragment_chunk_size = 3
>> .fragment_hole_size = 1
>>
>> c) data(4k) | hole (12k) |data | hole | ...
>> .fragment_chunk_size = 1
>> .fragment_hole_size = 3
>>
>> And we can control .fragment_chunk_size and .fragment_hole_size via sysfs?
>>
>> Thoughts?
> 
> This way, we might have some trouble when we are running out of disk space.
> Under low free disk space, we might not be able to allocate the space this way.
> That is the reason I went my first way.

I'd like to ask what's the consideration of using this mode in a low free space
image? After fragmentation, we go back to normal mode, right?

> 
> Do you have other thoughts for this? Otherwise, I think my first

In order to fragment filesystem which has already data there, we need to
calculate the data we need to write in fragment allocation mode, e.g.:

Image size is 64G, and half of them was been used, and if we want to fragment
the left part space with [4k valid, 4k hole] pattern, it needs to:

- call F2FS_IOC_GARBAGE_COLLECT as much as possible
- remount filesystem with -o mode=fragment:block
- write 16G data sequentially
- remount filesystem with -o mode=adaptive
- do test to check how fragmentation affects performance

> approach would work.
> Giving a way to make the filesystem fragmented is also good, but I
> think just simulating the performance drop after fragmentation might
> be useful for most cases.

IMO, we'd better do test on adaptive mode rather than fragment mode.

Thoughts?

Thanks,

> 
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>> +
>>>>>         return curseg->next_blkoff < f2fs_usable_blks_in_seg(sbi,
>>>>>                                                         curseg->segno);
>>>>>     }
>>>>> diff --git a/fs/f2fs/super.c b/fs/f2fs/super.c
>>>>> index 9ead6d2e703b..ef14f3e8b29a 100644
>>>>> --- a/fs/f2fs/super.c
>>>>> +++ b/fs/f2fs/super.c
>>>>> @@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ enum {
>>>>>         Opt_atgc,
>>>>>         Opt_gc_merge,
>>>>>         Opt_nogc_merge,
>>>>> +     Opt_blk_alloc_mode,
>>>>>         Opt_err,
>>>>>     };
>>>>>
>>>>> @@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ static match_table_t f2fs_tokens = {
>>>>>         {Opt_atgc, "atgc"},
>>>>>         {Opt_gc_merge, "gc_merge"},
>>>>>         {Opt_nogc_merge, "nogc_merge"},
>>>>> +     {Opt_blk_alloc_mode, "blk_alloc_mode=%s"},
>>>>>         {Opt_err, NULL},
>>>>>     };
>>>>>
>>>>> @@ -1173,6 +1175,40 @@ static int parse_options(struct super_block *sb, char *options, bool is_remount)
>>>>>                 case Opt_nogc_merge:
>>>>>                         clear_opt(sbi, GC_MERGE);
>>>>>                         break;
>>>>> +             case Opt_blk_alloc_mode:
>>>>> +                     name = match_strdup(&args[0]);
>>>>> +                     if (!name)
>>>>> +                             return -ENOMEM;
>>>>> +                     if (!strcmp(name, "normal")) {
>>>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
>>>>> +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
>>>>> +                     } else if (!strcmp(name, "seg_random")) {
>>>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
>>>>> +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM;
>>>>> +                     } else if (!strncmp(name, "blk_random:", 11)) {
>>>>> +                             const char *num = name + 11;
>>>>> +                             long size;
>>>>> +
>>>>> +                             ret = kstrtol(num, 10, &size);
>>>>> +                             if (ret) {
>>>>> +                                     kfree(name);
>>>>> +                                     return ret;
>>>>> +                             }
>>>>> +                             if (size < MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
>>>>> +                                     size = MIN_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
>>>>> +                             else if (size > MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM)
>>>>> +                                     size = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
>>>>> +
>>>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode =
>>>>> +                                     BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM;
>>>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = size;
>>>>> +                             sbi->blk_alloc_remained = size;
>>>>> +                     } else {
>>>>> +                             kfree(name);
>>>>> +                             return -EINVAL;
>>>>> +                     }
>>>>> +                     kfree(name);
>>>>> +                     break;
>>>>>                 default:
>>>>>                         f2fs_err(sbi, "Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" or missing value",
>>>>>                                  p);
>>>>> @@ -1919,6 +1955,14 @@ static int f2fs_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
>>>>>         else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).fsync_mode == FSYNC_MODE_NOBARRIER)
>>>>>                 seq_printf(seq, ",fsync_mode=%s", "nobarrier");
>>>>>
>>>>> +     if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL)
>>>>> +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "normal");
>>>>> +     else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_SEG_RANDOM)
>>>>> +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s", "seg_random");
>>>>> +     else if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode == BLK_ALLOC_MODE_BLK_RANDOM)
>>>>> +             seq_printf(seq, ",blk_alloc_mode=%s:%d", "blk_random",
>>>>> +                             F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max);
>>>>> +
>>>>>     #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
>>>>>         f2fs_show_compress_options(seq, sbi->sb);
>>>>>     #endif
>>>>> @@ -1947,6 +1991,9 @@ static void default_options(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
>>>>>         F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_ext_cnt = 0;
>>>>>         F2FS_OPTION(sbi).compress_mode = COMPR_MODE_FS;
>>>>>         F2FS_OPTION(sbi).bggc_mode = BGGC_MODE_ON;
>>>>> +     F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_mode = BLK_ALLOC_MODE_NORMAL;
>>>>> +     F2FS_OPTION(sbi).blk_alloc_random_max = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
>>>>> +     sbi->blk_alloc_remained = MAX_BLK_ALLOC_RANDOM;
>>>>>
>>>>>         sbi->sb->s_flags &= ~SB_INLINECRYPT;
>>>>>
>>>>>

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2] f2fs: introduce blk_alloc_mode mount option

[Daeho Jeong]

I agree with you. But still I think "fragment" mode should work even
in low free space conditions.
Otherwise, it will be seeking the free blocks again and again like a busy loop.
Or we can change the block allocation way into adaptive mode under low
free space even staying in "fragment" mode.

If we can handle this, we might use "fragment" mode for both
simulating after fragmentation and making the filesystem fragmented.

Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH v2] f2fs: introduce blk_alloc_mode mount option

[Chao Yu]

On 2021/8/16 15:11, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> I agree with you. But still I think "fragment" mode should work even
> in low free space conditions.
> Otherwise, it will be seeking the free blocks again and again like a busy loop.
> Or we can change the block allocation way into adaptive mode under low
> free space even staying in "fragment" mode.

I think fallbacking to adaptive mode sounds good to me, so the condition
of fallback may be there is no more free segments?

Thanks,

> 
> If we can handle this, we might use "fragment" mode for both
> simulating after fragmentation and making the filesystem fragmented.
>