[PATCH v2 0/6] Add Hyper-v extended hypercall support in KVM

[PATCH v2 0/6] Add Hyper-v extended hypercall support in KVM

[Vipin Sharma]

This patch series adds Hyper-V extended hypercall support. All
hypercalls will exit to userspace if CPUID.0x40000003.EBX BIT(20) is
set.

v2:
- Intorduced ASSERT_EXIT_REASON macro and replaced all occurences of
  TEST_ASSERT for vcpu exit reason.
- Skip hyperv_extended_hypercalls test if extended hypercalls are not
  supported by the kernel.
- Rebased with latest KVM queue.
- Addressed all of the comments in patch 6 of v1.

v1: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20221105045704.2315186-1-vipinsh@google.com/

RFC: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20221021185916.1494314-1-vipinsh@google.com/

Vipin Sharma (6):
  KVM: x86: hyper-v: Use common code for hypercall userspace exit
  KVM: x86: hyper-v: Add extended hypercall support in Hyper-v
  KVM: selftests: Test Hyper-V extended hypercall enablement
  KVM: selftests: Replace hardcoded Linux OS id with HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID
  KVM: selftests: Make vCPU exit reason test assertion common.
  KVM: selftests: Test Hyper-V extended hypercall exit to userspace

 arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c                         | 43 +++++----
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore        |  1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile          |  1 +
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/psci_test.c |  4 +-
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h | 10 ++
 .../selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h     |  4 +
 .../selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h  |  3 +
 .../kvm/lib/s390x/diag318_test_handler.c      |  3 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/s390x/sync_regs_test.c      | 15 +--
 .../selftests/kvm/set_memory_region_test.c    |  6 +-
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/amx_test.c |  8 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/cr4_cpuid_sync_test.c          |  8 +-
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/debug_regs.c |  2 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/flds_emulation.h     |  5 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c       |  9 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_evmcs.c       |  8 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c   | 94 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c    | 23 +++--
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_ipi.c |  6 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_svm_test.c    |  7 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_tlb_flush.c   | 14 +--
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_clock_test.c     |  5 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_pv_test.c        |  5 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/monitor_mwait_test.c |  9 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/nested_exceptions_test.c       |  5 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/platform_info_test.c | 14 +--
 .../kvm/x86_64/pmu_event_filter_test.c        |  6 +-
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/smm_test.c |  9 +-
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c |  8 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_int_ctl_test.c   |  8 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_shutdown_test.c     |  7 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_soft_inject_test.c  |  6 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_vmcall_test.c    |  6 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c     | 25 +----
 .../kvm/x86_64/triple_fault_event_test.c      |  9 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/tsc_scaling_sync.c   |  6 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/ucna_injection_test.c          | 22 +----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_io_test.c  |  6 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/userspace_msr_exit_test.c      | 22 +----
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_apic_access_test.c         | 11 +--
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c  |  5 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_dirty_log_test.c |  7 +-
 .../vmx_exception_with_invalid_guest_state.c  |  4 +-
 .../x86_64/vmx_invalid_nested_guest_state.c   |  4 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_nested_tsc_scaling_test.c  |  6 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_preemption_timer_test.c    |  8 +-
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c          |  6 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/xapic_ipi_test.c     |  6 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_shinfo_test.c    |  7 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_vmcall_test.c    |  5 +-
 50 files changed, 211 insertions(+), 310 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c

-- 
2.38.1.584.g0f3c55d4c2-goog

[PATCH v2 1/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Use common code for hypercall userspace exit

[Vipin Sharma]

Remove duplicate code to exit to userspace for hyper-v hypercalls and
use a common place to exit.

Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
Suggested-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
---
 arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c | 27 +++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
index 2c7f2a26421e..0b6964ed2e66 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
@@ -2503,14 +2503,7 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 			ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_INPUT;
 			break;
 		}
-		vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV;
-		vcpu->run->hyperv.type = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV_HCALL;
-		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.input = hc.param;
-		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[0] = hc.ingpa;
-		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[1] = hc.outgpa;
-		vcpu->arch.complete_userspace_io =
-				kvm_hv_hypercall_complete_userspace;
-		return 0;
+		goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
 	case HVCALL_FLUSH_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_LIST:
 		if (unlikely(hc.var_cnt)) {
 			ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_INPUT;
@@ -2569,14 +2562,7 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 			ret = HV_STATUS_OPERATION_DENIED;
 			break;
 		}
-		vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV;
-		vcpu->run->hyperv.type = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV_HCALL;
-		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.input = hc.param;
-		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[0] = hc.ingpa;
-		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[1] = hc.outgpa;
-		vcpu->arch.complete_userspace_io =
-				kvm_hv_hypercall_complete_userspace;
-		return 0;
+		goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
 	}
 	default:
 		ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_CODE;
@@ -2585,6 +2571,15 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 hypercall_complete:
 	return kvm_hv_hypercall_complete(vcpu, ret);
+
+hypercall_userspace_exit:
+	vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV;
+	vcpu->run->hyperv.type = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV_HCALL;
+	vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.input = hc.param;
+	vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[0] = hc.ingpa;
+	vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[1] = hc.outgpa;
+	vcpu->arch.complete_userspace_io = kvm_hv_hypercall_complete_userspace;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 void kvm_hv_init_vm(struct kvm *kvm)
-- 
2.38.1.584.g0f3c55d4c2-goog

Re: [PATCH v2 1/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Use common code for hypercall userspace exit

[Vitaly Kuznetsov]

Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:

> Remove duplicate code to exit to userspace for hyper-v hypercalls and
> use a common place to exit.
>

"No functional change intended." as it was suggested by Sean :-)

> Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
> Suggested-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c | 27 +++++++++++----------------
>  1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
> index 2c7f2a26421e..0b6964ed2e66 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
> @@ -2503,14 +2503,7 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>  			ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_INPUT;
>  			break;
>  		}
> -		vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV;
> -		vcpu->run->hyperv.type = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV_HCALL;
> -		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.input = hc.param;
> -		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[0] = hc.ingpa;
> -		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[1] = hc.outgpa;
> -		vcpu->arch.complete_userspace_io =
> -				kvm_hv_hypercall_complete_userspace;
> -		return 0;
> +		goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
>  	case HVCALL_FLUSH_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_LIST:
>  		if (unlikely(hc.var_cnt)) {
>  			ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_INPUT;
> @@ -2569,14 +2562,7 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>  			ret = HV_STATUS_OPERATION_DENIED;
>  			break;
>  		}
> -		vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV;
> -		vcpu->run->hyperv.type = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV_HCALL;
> -		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.input = hc.param;
> -		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[0] = hc.ingpa;
> -		vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[1] = hc.outgpa;
> -		vcpu->arch.complete_userspace_io =
> -				kvm_hv_hypercall_complete_userspace;
> -		return 0;
> +		goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
>  	}
>  	default:
>  		ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_CODE;
> @@ -2585,6 +2571,15 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>  
>  hypercall_complete:
>  	return kvm_hv_hypercall_complete(vcpu, ret);
> +
> +hypercall_userspace_exit:
> +	vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV;
> +	vcpu->run->hyperv.type = KVM_EXIT_HYPERV_HCALL;
> +	vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.input = hc.param;
> +	vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[0] = hc.ingpa;
> +	vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[1] = hc.outgpa;
> +	vcpu->arch.complete_userspace_io = kvm_hv_hypercall_complete_userspace;
> +	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  void kvm_hv_init_vm(struct kvm *kvm)

Reviewed-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>

-- 
Vitaly

Re: [PATCH v2 1/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Use common code for hypercall userspace exit

[Sean Christopherson]

On Tue, Nov 22, 2022, Vitaly Kuznetsov wrote:
> Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:
> 
> > Remove duplicate code to exit to userspace for hyper-v hypercalls and
> > use a common place to exit.
> >
> 
> "No functional change intended." as it was suggested by Sean :-)

Heh, I need to find a way to collect royalties.

Re: [PATCH v2 1/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Use common code for hypercall userspace exit

[Vipin Sharma]

On Tue, Nov 22, 2022 at 11:58 AM Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Nov 22, 2022, Vitaly Kuznetsov wrote:
> > Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:
> >
> > > Remove duplicate code to exit to userspace for hyper-v hypercalls and
> > > use a common place to exit.
> > >
> >
> > "No functional change intended." as it was suggested by Sean :-)
>
> Heh, I need to find a way to collect royalties.


Suffixed with a ®

[PATCH v2 2/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Add extended hypercall support in Hyper-v

[Vipin Sharma]

Add support for extended hypercall in Hyper-v. Hyper-v TLFS 6.0b
describes hypercalls above call code 0x8000 as extended hypercalls.

A Hyper-v hypervisor's guest VM finds availability of extended
hypercalls via CPUID.0x40000003.EBX BIT(20). If the bit is set then the
guest can call extended hypercalls.

All extended hypercalls will exit to userspace by default. This allows
for easy support of future hypercalls without being dependent on KVM
releases.

If there will be need to process the hypercall in KVM instead of
userspace then KVM can create a capability which userspace can query to
know which hypercalls can be handled by the KVM and enable handling
of those hypercalls.

Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
---
 arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
index 0b6964ed2e66..8551ef495cc9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@
 
 #define KVM_HV_MAX_SPARSE_VCPU_SET_BITS DIV_ROUND_UP(KVM_MAX_VCPUS, HV_VCPUS_PER_SPARSE_BANK)
 
+/*
+ * The TLFS carves out 64 possible extended hypercalls, numbered sequentially
+ * after the base capabilities extended hypercall.
+ */
+#define HV_EXT_CALL_MAX (HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES + 64)
+
 static void stimer_mark_pending(struct kvm_vcpu_hv_stimer *stimer,
 				bool vcpu_kick);
 
@@ -2411,6 +2417,9 @@ static bool hv_check_hypercall_access(struct kvm_vcpu_hv *hv_vcpu, u16 code)
 	case HVCALL_SEND_IPI:
 		return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.enlightenments_eax &
 			HV_X64_CLUSTER_IPI_RECOMMENDED;
+	case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
+		return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.features_ebx &
+				HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
 	default:
 		break;
 	}
@@ -2564,6 +2573,12 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 		}
 		goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
 	}
+	case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
+		if (unlikely(hc.fast)) {
+			ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
 	default:
 		ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_CODE;
 		break;
@@ -2722,6 +2737,7 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
 
 			ent->ebx |= HV_POST_MESSAGES;
 			ent->ebx |= HV_SIGNAL_EVENTS;
+			ent->ebx |= HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
 
 			ent->edx |= HV_X64_HYPERCALL_XMM_INPUT_AVAILABLE;
 			ent->edx |= HV_FEATURE_FREQUENCY_MSRS_AVAILABLE;
-- 
2.38.1.584.g0f3c55d4c2-goog

Re: [PATCH v2 2/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Add extended hypercall support in Hyper-v

[Vitaly Kuznetsov]

Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:

> Add support for extended hypercall in Hyper-v. Hyper-v TLFS 6.0b
> describes hypercalls above call code 0x8000 as extended hypercalls.
>
> A Hyper-v hypervisor's guest VM finds availability of extended
> hypercalls via CPUID.0x40000003.EBX BIT(20). If the bit is set then the
> guest can call extended hypercalls.
>
> All extended hypercalls will exit to userspace by default. This allows
> for easy support of future hypercalls without being dependent on KVM
> releases.
>
> If there will be need to process the hypercall in KVM instead of
> userspace then KVM can create a capability which userspace can query to
> know which hypercalls can be handled by the KVM and enable handling
> of those hypercalls.
>
> Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c | 16 ++++++++++++++++
>  1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
> index 0b6964ed2e66..8551ef495cc9 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/hyperv.c
> @@ -43,6 +43,12 @@
>  
>  #define KVM_HV_MAX_SPARSE_VCPU_SET_BITS DIV_ROUND_UP(KVM_MAX_VCPUS, HV_VCPUS_PER_SPARSE_BANK)
>  
> +/*
> + * The TLFS carves out 64 possible extended hypercalls, numbered sequentially
> + * after the base capabilities extended hypercall.
> + */
> +#define HV_EXT_CALL_MAX (HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES + 64)
> +

First, I thought there's an off-by-one here (and should be '63') but
then I checked with TLFS and figured out that the limit comes from
HvExtCallQueryCapabilities's response which doesn't include itself
(0x8001) in the mask, this means it can encode

0x8002 == bit0
0x8003 == bit1
..
0x8041 == bit63

so indeed, the last one supported is 0x8041 == 0x8001 + 64

maybe it's worth extending the commont on where '64' comes from.

>  static void stimer_mark_pending(struct kvm_vcpu_hv_stimer *stimer,
>  				bool vcpu_kick);
>  
> @@ -2411,6 +2417,9 @@ static bool hv_check_hypercall_access(struct kvm_vcpu_hv *hv_vcpu, u16 code)
>  	case HVCALL_SEND_IPI:
>  		return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.enlightenments_eax &
>  			HV_X64_CLUSTER_IPI_RECOMMENDED;
> +	case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
> +		return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.features_ebx &
> +				HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
>  	default:
>  		break;
>  	}
> @@ -2564,6 +2573,12 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>  		}
>  		goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
>  	}
> +	case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
> +		if (unlikely(hc.fast)) {
> +			ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;

I wasn't able to find any statement in TLFS stating whether extended
hypercalls can be 'fast', I can imagine e.g. MemoryHeatHintAsync using
it. Unfortunatelly, our userspace exit will have to be modified to
handle such stuff. This can stay for the time being I guess..

> +			break;
> +		}
> +		goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
>  	default:
>  		ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_CODE;
>  		break;
> @@ -2722,6 +2737,7 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
>  
>  			ent->ebx |= HV_POST_MESSAGES;
>  			ent->ebx |= HV_SIGNAL_EVENTS;
> +			ent->ebx |= HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
>  
>  			ent->edx |= HV_X64_HYPERCALL_XMM_INPUT_AVAILABLE;
>  			ent->edx |= HV_FEATURE_FREQUENCY_MSRS_AVAILABLE;

Reviewed-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>

-- 
Vitaly

Re: [PATCH v2 2/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Add extended hypercall support in Hyper-v

[Vipin Sharma]

On Tue, Nov 22, 2022 at 8:29 AM Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> wrote:
>
> Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:
>
> > +/*
> > + * The TLFS carves out 64 possible extended hypercalls, numbered sequentially
> > + * after the base capabilities extended hypercall.
> > + */
> > +#define HV_EXT_CALL_MAX (HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES + 64)
> > +
>
> First, I thought there's an off-by-one here (and should be '63') but
> then I checked with TLFS and figured out that the limit comes from
> HvExtCallQueryCapabilities's response which doesn't include itself
> (0x8001) in the mask, this means it can encode
>
> 0x8002 == bit0
> 0x8003 == bit1
> ..
> 0x8041 == bit63
>
> so indeed, the last one supported is 0x8041 == 0x8001 + 64
>
> maybe it's worth extending the commont on where '64' comes from.
>

Yeah, I will expand comments.

> >  static void stimer_mark_pending(struct kvm_vcpu_hv_stimer *stimer,
> >                               bool vcpu_kick);
> >
> > @@ -2411,6 +2417,9 @@ static bool hv_check_hypercall_access(struct kvm_vcpu_hv *hv_vcpu, u16 code)
> >       case HVCALL_SEND_IPI:
> >               return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.enlightenments_eax &
> >                       HV_X64_CLUSTER_IPI_RECOMMENDED;
> > +     case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
> > +             return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.features_ebx &
> > +                             HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
> >       default:
> >               break;
> >       }
> > @@ -2564,6 +2573,12 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> >               }
> >               goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
> >       }
> > +     case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
> > +             if (unlikely(hc.fast)) {
> > +                     ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
>
> I wasn't able to find any statement in TLFS stating whether extended
> hypercalls can be 'fast', I can imagine e.g. MemoryHeatHintAsync using
> it. Unfortunatelly, our userspace exit will have to be modified to
> handle such stuff. This can stay for the time being I guess..
>

I agree TLFS doesn't state anything about "fast" extended hypercall
but nothing stops in future for some call to be "fast". I think this
condition should also be handled by userspace as it is handling
everything else.

I will remove it in the next version of the patch. I don't see any
value in verification here.

> > +                     break;
> > +             }
> > +             goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
> >       default:
> >               ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_CODE;
> >               break;
> > @@ -2722,6 +2737,7 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
> >
> >                       ent->ebx |= HV_POST_MESSAGES;
> >                       ent->ebx |= HV_SIGNAL_EVENTS;
> > +                     ent->ebx |= HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
> >
> >                       ent->edx |= HV_X64_HYPERCALL_XMM_INPUT_AVAILABLE;
> >                       ent->edx |= HV_FEATURE_FREQUENCY_MSRS_AVAILABLE;
>
> Reviewed-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
>
> --
> Vitaly
>

Re: [PATCH v2 2/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Add extended hypercall support in Hyper-v

[Vitaly Kuznetsov]

Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:

> On Tue, Nov 22, 2022 at 8:29 AM Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> wrote:
>>
>> Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:
>>
>> > +/*
>> > + * The TLFS carves out 64 possible extended hypercalls, numbered sequentially
>> > + * after the base capabilities extended hypercall.
>> > + */
>> > +#define HV_EXT_CALL_MAX (HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES + 64)
>> > +
>>
>> First, I thought there's an off-by-one here (and should be '63') but
>> then I checked with TLFS and figured out that the limit comes from
>> HvExtCallQueryCapabilities's response which doesn't include itself
>> (0x8001) in the mask, this means it can encode
>>
>> 0x8002 == bit0
>> 0x8003 == bit1
>> ..
>> 0x8041 == bit63
>>
>> so indeed, the last one supported is 0x8041 == 0x8001 + 64
>>
>> maybe it's worth extending the commont on where '64' comes from.
>>
>
> Yeah, I will expand comments.
>
>> >  static void stimer_mark_pending(struct kvm_vcpu_hv_stimer *stimer,
>> >                               bool vcpu_kick);
>> >
>> > @@ -2411,6 +2417,9 @@ static bool hv_check_hypercall_access(struct kvm_vcpu_hv *hv_vcpu, u16 code)
>> >       case HVCALL_SEND_IPI:
>> >               return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.enlightenments_eax &
>> >                       HV_X64_CLUSTER_IPI_RECOMMENDED;
>> > +     case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
>> > +             return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.features_ebx &
>> > +                             HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
>> >       default:
>> >               break;
>> >       }
>> > @@ -2564,6 +2573,12 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>> >               }
>> >               goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
>> >       }
>> > +     case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
>> > +             if (unlikely(hc.fast)) {
>> > +                     ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
>>
>> I wasn't able to find any statement in TLFS stating whether extended
>> hypercalls can be 'fast', I can imagine e.g. MemoryHeatHintAsync using
>> it. Unfortunatelly, our userspace exit will have to be modified to
>> handle such stuff. This can stay for the time being I guess..
>>
>
> I agree TLFS doesn't state anything about "fast" extended hypercall
> but nothing stops in future for some call to be "fast". I think this
> condition should also be handled by userspace as it is handling
> everything else.
>
> I will remove it in the next version of the patch. I don't see any
> value in verification here.

The problem is that we don't currently pass 'fast' flag to userspace,
let alone XMM registers. This means that it won't be able to handle fast
hypercalls anyway, I guess it's better to keep your check but add a
comment saying that it's an implementation shortcoming and not a TLFS
requirement.


>
>> > +                     break;
>> > +             }
>> > +             goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
>> >       default:
>> >               ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_CODE;
>> >               break;
>> > @@ -2722,6 +2737,7 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
>> >
>> >                       ent->ebx |= HV_POST_MESSAGES;
>> >                       ent->ebx |= HV_SIGNAL_EVENTS;
>> > +                     ent->ebx |= HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
>> >
>> >                       ent->edx |= HV_X64_HYPERCALL_XMM_INPUT_AVAILABLE;
>> >                       ent->edx |= HV_FEATURE_FREQUENCY_MSRS_AVAILABLE;
>>
>> Reviewed-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
>>
>> --
>> Vitaly
>>
>

-- 
Vitaly

Re: [PATCH v2 2/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Add extended hypercall support in Hyper-v

[Vipin Sharma]

On Thu, Nov 24, 2022 at 12:36 AM Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> wrote:
>
> Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:
>
> > On Tue, Nov 22, 2022 at 8:29 AM Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:
> >>
> >> > +/*
> >> > + * The TLFS carves out 64 possible extended hypercalls, numbered sequentially
> >> > + * after the base capabilities extended hypercall.
> >> > + */
> >> > +#define HV_EXT_CALL_MAX (HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES + 64)
> >> > +
> >>
> >> First, I thought there's an off-by-one here (and should be '63') but
> >> then I checked with TLFS and figured out that the limit comes from
> >> HvExtCallQueryCapabilities's response which doesn't include itself
> >> (0x8001) in the mask, this means it can encode
> >>
> >> 0x8002 == bit0
> >> 0x8003 == bit1
> >> ..
> >> 0x8041 == bit63
> >>
> >> so indeed, the last one supported is 0x8041 == 0x8001 + 64
> >>
> >> maybe it's worth extending the commont on where '64' comes from.
> >>
> >
> > Yeah, I will expand comments.
> >
> >> >  static void stimer_mark_pending(struct kvm_vcpu_hv_stimer *stimer,
> >> >                               bool vcpu_kick);
> >> >
> >> > @@ -2411,6 +2417,9 @@ static bool hv_check_hypercall_access(struct kvm_vcpu_hv *hv_vcpu, u16 code)
> >> >       case HVCALL_SEND_IPI:
> >> >               return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.enlightenments_eax &
> >> >                       HV_X64_CLUSTER_IPI_RECOMMENDED;
> >> > +     case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
> >> > +             return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.features_ebx &
> >> > +                             HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
> >> >       default:
> >> >               break;
> >> >       }
> >> > @@ -2564,6 +2573,12 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> >> >               }
> >> >               goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
> >> >       }
> >> > +     case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
> >> > +             if (unlikely(hc.fast)) {
> >> > +                     ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
> >>
> >> I wasn't able to find any statement in TLFS stating whether extended
> >> hypercalls can be 'fast', I can imagine e.g. MemoryHeatHintAsync using
> >> it. Unfortunatelly, our userspace exit will have to be modified to
> >> handle such stuff. This can stay for the time being I guess..
> >>
> >
> > I agree TLFS doesn't state anything about "fast" extended hypercall
> > but nothing stops in future for some call to be "fast". I think this
> > condition should also be handled by userspace as it is handling
> > everything else.
> >
> > I will remove it in the next version of the patch. I don't see any
> > value in verification here.
>
> The problem is that we don't currently pass 'fast' flag to userspace,
> let alone XMM registers. This means that it won't be able to handle fast
> hypercalls anyway, I guess it's better to keep your check but add a
> comment saying that it's an implementation shortcoming and not a TLFS
> requirement.
>

I think "fast" flag gets passed to the userspace via:
  vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.input = hc.param;

Yeah, XMM registers won't be passed, that will require userspace API change.
I will keep the check and explain in the comments.

>
> >
> >> > +                     break;
> >> > +             }
> >> > +             goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
> >> >       default:
> >> >               ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_CODE;
> >> >               break;
> >> > @@ -2722,6 +2737,7 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
> >> >
> >> >                       ent->ebx |= HV_POST_MESSAGES;
> >> >                       ent->ebx |= HV_SIGNAL_EVENTS;
> >> > +                     ent->ebx |= HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
> >> >
> >> >                       ent->edx |= HV_X64_HYPERCALL_XMM_INPUT_AVAILABLE;
> >> >                       ent->edx |= HV_FEATURE_FREQUENCY_MSRS_AVAILABLE;
> >>
> >> Reviewed-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
> >>
> >> --
> >> Vitaly
> >>
> >
>
> --
> Vitaly
>

Re: [PATCH v2 2/6] KVM: x86: hyper-v: Add extended hypercall support in Hyper-v

[Vitaly Kuznetsov]

Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:

> On Thu, Nov 24, 2022 at 12:36 AM Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> wrote:
>>
>> Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:
>>
>> > On Tue, Nov 22, 2022 at 8:29 AM Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> wrote:
>> >>
>> >> Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:
>> >>
>> >> > +/*
>> >> > + * The TLFS carves out 64 possible extended hypercalls, numbered sequentially
>> >> > + * after the base capabilities extended hypercall.
>> >> > + */
>> >> > +#define HV_EXT_CALL_MAX (HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES + 64)
>> >> > +
>> >>
>> >> First, I thought there's an off-by-one here (and should be '63') but
>> >> then I checked with TLFS and figured out that the limit comes from
>> >> HvExtCallQueryCapabilities's response which doesn't include itself
>> >> (0x8001) in the mask, this means it can encode
>> >>
>> >> 0x8002 == bit0
>> >> 0x8003 == bit1
>> >> ..
>> >> 0x8041 == bit63
>> >>
>> >> so indeed, the last one supported is 0x8041 == 0x8001 + 64
>> >>
>> >> maybe it's worth extending the commont on where '64' comes from.
>> >>
>> >
>> > Yeah, I will expand comments.
>> >
>> >> >  static void stimer_mark_pending(struct kvm_vcpu_hv_stimer *stimer,
>> >> >                               bool vcpu_kick);
>> >> >
>> >> > @@ -2411,6 +2417,9 @@ static bool hv_check_hypercall_access(struct kvm_vcpu_hv *hv_vcpu, u16 code)
>> >> >       case HVCALL_SEND_IPI:
>> >> >               return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.enlightenments_eax &
>> >> >                       HV_X64_CLUSTER_IPI_RECOMMENDED;
>> >> > +     case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
>> >> > +             return hv_vcpu->cpuid_cache.features_ebx &
>> >> > +                             HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
>> >> >       default:
>> >> >               break;
>> >> >       }
>> >> > @@ -2564,6 +2573,12 @@ int kvm_hv_hypercall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>> >> >               }
>> >> >               goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
>> >> >       }
>> >> > +     case HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES ... HV_EXT_CALL_MAX:
>> >> > +             if (unlikely(hc.fast)) {
>> >> > +                     ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
>> >>
>> >> I wasn't able to find any statement in TLFS stating whether extended
>> >> hypercalls can be 'fast', I can imagine e.g. MemoryHeatHintAsync using
>> >> it. Unfortunatelly, our userspace exit will have to be modified to
>> >> handle such stuff. This can stay for the time being I guess..
>> >>
>> >
>> > I agree TLFS doesn't state anything about "fast" extended hypercall
>> > but nothing stops in future for some call to be "fast". I think this
>> > condition should also be handled by userspace as it is handling
>> > everything else.
>> >
>> > I will remove it in the next version of the patch. I don't see any
>> > value in verification here.
>>
>> The problem is that we don't currently pass 'fast' flag to userspace,
>> let alone XMM registers. This means that it won't be able to handle fast
>> hypercalls anyway, I guess it's better to keep your check but add a
>> comment saying that it's an implementation shortcoming and not a TLFS
>> requirement.
>>
>
> I think "fast" flag gets passed to the userspace via:
>   vcpu->run->hyperv.u.hcall.input = hc.param;

True, for some reason I thought it's just the hypercall code but it's
actually the full 64bit thing!

>
> Yeah, XMM registers won't be passed, that will require userspace API change.
> I will keep the check and explain in the comments.
>

Thanks!

>>
>> >
>> >> > +                     break;
>> >> > +             }
>> >> > +             goto hypercall_userspace_exit;
>> >> >       default:
>> >> >               ret = HV_STATUS_INVALID_HYPERCALL_CODE;
>> >> >               break;
>> >> > @@ -2722,6 +2737,7 @@ int kvm_get_hv_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid,
>> >> >
>> >> >                       ent->ebx |= HV_POST_MESSAGES;
>> >> >                       ent->ebx |= HV_SIGNAL_EVENTS;
>> >> > +                     ent->ebx |= HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
>> >> >
>> >> >                       ent->edx |= HV_X64_HYPERCALL_XMM_INPUT_AVAILABLE;
>> >> >                       ent->edx |= HV_FEATURE_FREQUENCY_MSRS_AVAILABLE;
>> >>
>> >> Reviewed-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
>> >>
>> >> --
>> >> Vitaly
>> >>
>> >
>>
>> --
>> Vitaly
>>
>

-- 
Vitaly

[PATCH v2 3/6] KVM: selftests: Test Hyper-V extended hypercall enablement

[Vipin Sharma]

Test Hyper-V extended hypercall, HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES
(0x8001), access denied and invalid parameter
cases.

Access is denied if CPUID.0x40000003.EBX BIT(20) is not set.
Invalid parameter if call has fast bit set.

Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h  | 4 ++++
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c | 9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h
index 9218bb5f44bf..8813c1bb74a0 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@
 #define HV_ACCESS_STATS				BIT(8)
 #define HV_DEBUGGING				BIT(11)
 #define HV_CPU_MANAGEMENT			BIT(12)
+#define HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS		BIT(20)
 #define HV_ISOLATION				BIT(22)
 
 /* HYPERV_CPUID_FEATURES.EDX */
@@ -166,6 +167,9 @@
 #define HVCALL_FLUSH_GUEST_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_SPACE 0x00af
 #define HVCALL_FLUSH_GUEST_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_LIST 0x00b0
 
+/* Extended hypercalls */
+#define HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES		0x8001
+
 #define HV_FLUSH_ALL_PROCESSORS			BIT(0)
 #define HV_FLUSH_ALL_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_SPACES	BIT(1)
 #define HV_FLUSH_NON_GLOBAL_MAPPINGS_ONLY	BIT(2)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c
index 3163c3e8db0a..a5a3146fc299 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c
@@ -583,6 +583,15 @@ static void guest_test_hcalls_access(void)
 			hcall->expect = HV_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 			break;
 		case 19:
+			hcall->control = HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES;
+			hcall->expect = HV_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED;
+			break;
+		case 20:
+			feat->ebx |= HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;
+			hcall->control = HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES | HV_HYPERCALL_FAST_BIT;
+			hcall->expect = HV_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+			break;
+		case 21:
 			kvm_vm_free(vm);
 			return;
 		}
-- 
2.38.1.584.g0f3c55d4c2-goog

Re: [PATCH v2 3/6] KVM: selftests: Test Hyper-V extended hypercall enablement

[Vitaly Kuznetsov]

Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:

> Test Hyper-V extended hypercall, HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES
> (0x8001), access denied and invalid parameter
> cases.
>
> Access is denied if CPUID.0x40000003.EBX BIT(20) is not set.
> Invalid parameter if call has fast bit set.
>
> Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
> ---
>  tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h  | 4 ++++
>  tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c | 9 +++++++++
>  2 files changed, 13 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h
> index 9218bb5f44bf..8813c1bb74a0 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/hyperv.h
> @@ -112,6 +112,7 @@
>  #define HV_ACCESS_STATS				BIT(8)
>  #define HV_DEBUGGING				BIT(11)
>  #define HV_CPU_MANAGEMENT			BIT(12)
> +#define HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS		BIT(20)
>  #define HV_ISOLATION				BIT(22)
>  
>  /* HYPERV_CPUID_FEATURES.EDX */
> @@ -166,6 +167,9 @@
>  #define HVCALL_FLUSH_GUEST_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_SPACE 0x00af
>  #define HVCALL_FLUSH_GUEST_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_LIST 0x00b0
>  
> +/* Extended hypercalls */
> +#define HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES		0x8001
> +
>  #define HV_FLUSH_ALL_PROCESSORS			BIT(0)
>  #define HV_FLUSH_ALL_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_SPACES	BIT(1)
>  #define HV_FLUSH_NON_GLOBAL_MAPPINGS_ONLY	BIT(2)
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c
> index 3163c3e8db0a..a5a3146fc299 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c
> @@ -583,6 +583,15 @@ static void guest_test_hcalls_access(void)
>  			hcall->expect = HV_STATUS_SUCCESS;
>  			break;
>  		case 19:
> +			hcall->control = HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES;
> +			hcall->expect = HV_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED;
> +			break;
> +		case 20:
> +			feat->ebx |= HV_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS;

As I've mentioned on another patch, things look significantly better
after https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20221013095849.705943-6-vkuznets@redhat.com/
cleanup, hope we can have it in soon.

> +			hcall->control = HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES | HV_HYPERCALL_FAST_BIT;
> +			hcall->expect = HV_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
> +			break;
> +		case 21:
>  			kvm_vm_free(vm);
>  			return;
>  		}

-- 
Vitaly

[PATCH v2 4/6] KVM: selftests: Replace hardcoded Linux OS id with HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID

[Vipin Sharma]

Use HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID macro instead of hardcoded 0x8100 << 48

Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c
index d576bc8ce823..2ee0af0d449e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ static void guest_main(struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_page, vm_paddr_t tsc_page_
 
 	/* Set Guest OS id to enable Hyper-V emulation */
 	GUEST_SYNC(1);
-	wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_GUEST_OS_ID, (u64)0x8100 << 48);
+	wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_GUEST_OS_ID, HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID);
 	GUEST_SYNC(2);
 
 	check_tsc_msr_rdtsc();
-- 
2.38.1.584.g0f3c55d4c2-goog

Re: [PATCH v2 4/6] KVM: selftests: Replace hardcoded Linux OS id with HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID

[Vitaly Kuznetsov]

Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:

> Use HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID macro instead of hardcoded 0x8100 << 48
>
> Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
> ---
>  tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c | 2 +-
>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c
> index d576bc8ce823..2ee0af0d449e 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c
> @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ static void guest_main(struct ms_hyperv_tsc_page *tsc_page, vm_paddr_t tsc_page_
>  
>  	/* Set Guest OS id to enable Hyper-V emulation */
>  	GUEST_SYNC(1);
> -	wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_GUEST_OS_ID, (u64)0x8100 << 48);
> +	wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_GUEST_OS_ID, HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID);
>  	GUEST_SYNC(2);
>  
>  	check_tsc_msr_rdtsc();

Reviewed-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>

-- 
Vitaly

[PATCH v2 5/6] KVM: selftests: Make vCPU exit reason test assertion common.

[Vipin Sharma]

Make ASSERT_EXIT_REASON() macro and replace all exit reason test assert
statements with it.

No functional changes intended.

Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
Suggested-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com>
---
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/psci_test.c |  4 +--
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h | 10 ++++++++
 .../kvm/lib/s390x/diag318_test_handler.c      |  3 +--
 .../selftests/kvm/s390x/sync_regs_test.c      | 15 +++--------
 .../selftests/kvm/set_memory_region_test.c    |  6 +----
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/amx_test.c |  8 +-----
 .../kvm/x86_64/cr4_cpuid_sync_test.c          |  8 +-----
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/debug_regs.c |  2 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/flds_emulation.h     |  5 +---
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c       |  7 +-----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_evmcs.c       |  8 +-----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c    | 14 ++---------
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_ipi.c |  6 +----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_svm_test.c    |  7 +-----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_tlb_flush.c   | 14 ++---------
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_clock_test.c     |  5 +---
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_pv_test.c        |  5 +---
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/monitor_mwait_test.c |  9 +------
 .../kvm/x86_64/nested_exceptions_test.c       |  5 +---
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/platform_info_test.c | 14 +++--------
 .../kvm/x86_64/pmu_event_filter_test.c        |  6 +----
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/smm_test.c |  9 +------
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c |  8 +-----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_int_ctl_test.c   |  8 +-----
 .../kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_shutdown_test.c     |  7 +-----
 .../kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_soft_inject_test.c  |  6 +----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_vmcall_test.c    |  6 +----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c     | 25 ++++---------------
 .../kvm/x86_64/triple_fault_event_test.c      |  9 ++-----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/tsc_scaling_sync.c   |  6 +----
 .../kvm/x86_64/ucna_injection_test.c          | 22 +++-------------
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_io_test.c  |  6 +----
 .../kvm/x86_64/userspace_msr_exit_test.c      | 22 +++-------------
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_apic_access_test.c         | 11 ++------
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c  |  5 +---
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_dirty_log_test.c |  7 +-----
 .../vmx_exception_with_invalid_guest_state.c  |  4 +--
 .../x86_64/vmx_invalid_nested_guest_state.c   |  4 +--
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_nested_tsc_scaling_test.c  |  6 +----
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_preemption_timer_test.c    |  8 +-----
 .../kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c          |  6 +----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/xapic_ipi_test.c     |  6 +----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_shinfo_test.c    |  7 +-----
 .../selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_vmcall_test.c    |  5 +---
 44 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 293 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/psci_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/psci_test.c
index cfa36f387948..1dbc0d6f1954 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/psci_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/psci_test.c
@@ -180,9 +180,7 @@ static void host_test_system_suspend(void)
 
 	enter_guest(source);
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_SYSTEM_EVENT,
-		    "Unhandled exit reason: %u (%s)",
-		    run->exit_reason, exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(source, KVM_EXIT_SYSTEM_EVENT);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->system_event.type == KVM_SYSTEM_EVENT_SUSPEND,
 		    "Unhandled system event: %u (expected: %u)",
 		    run->system_event.type, KVM_SYSTEM_EVENT_SUSPEND);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
index 80d6416f3012..94ed2c9641c0 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
@@ -63,6 +63,16 @@ void test_assert(bool exp, const char *exp_str,
 		    #a, #b, #a, (unsigned long) __a, #b, (unsigned long) __b); \
 } while (0)
 
+#define ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, expected_exit_reason)			\
+({									\
+	__u32 exit_reason = (vcpu)->run->exit_reason;			\
+									\
+	TEST_ASSERT(exit_reason == (expected_exit_reason),		\
+		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",			\
+		    exit_reason,					\
+		    exit_reason_str(exit_reason));			\
+})
+
 #define TEST_FAIL(fmt, ...) do { \
 	TEST_ASSERT(false, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
 	__builtin_unreachable(); \
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/s390x/diag318_test_handler.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/s390x/diag318_test_handler.c
index cdb7daeed5fd..11cf4f6551dc 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/s390x/diag318_test_handler.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/s390x/diag318_test_handler.c
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ static uint64_t diag318_handler(void)
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
 	run = vcpu->run;
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC,
-		    "DIAGNOSE 0x0318 instruction was not intercepted");
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->s390_sieic.icptcode == ICPT_INSTRUCTION,
 		    "Unexpected intercept code: 0x%x", run->s390_sieic.icptcode);
 	TEST_ASSERT((run->s390_sieic.ipa & 0xff00) == IPA0_DIAG,
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390x/sync_regs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390x/sync_regs_test.c
index 2ddde41c44ba..73d3d2979f69 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390x/sync_regs_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390x/sync_regs_test.c
@@ -126,10 +126,7 @@ void test_req_and_verify_all_valid_regs(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	run->kvm_valid_regs = TEST_SYNC_FIELDS;
 	rv = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
 	TEST_ASSERT(rv == 0, "vcpu_run failed: %d\n", rv);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->s390_sieic.icptcode == 4 &&
 		    (run->s390_sieic.ipa >> 8) == 0x83 &&
 		    (run->s390_sieic.ipb >> 16) == 0x501,
@@ -165,10 +162,7 @@ void test_set_and_verify_various_reg_values(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 	rv = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
 	TEST_ASSERT(rv == 0, "vcpu_run failed: %d\n", rv);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->s.regs.gprs[11] == 0xBAD1DEA + 1,
 		    "r11 sync regs value incorrect 0x%llx.",
 		    run->s.regs.gprs[11]);
@@ -200,10 +194,7 @@ void test_clear_kvm_dirty_regs_bits(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	run->s.regs.diag318 = 0x4B1D;
 	rv = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
 	TEST_ASSERT(rv == 0, "vcpu_run failed: %d\n", rv);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->s.regs.gprs[11] != 0xDEADBEEF,
 		    "r11 sync regs value incorrect 0x%llx.",
 		    run->s.regs.gprs[11]);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/set_memory_region_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/set_memory_region_test.c
index 2ef1d1b72ce4..a8807e4d6dab 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/set_memory_region_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/set_memory_region_test.c
@@ -308,7 +308,6 @@ static void test_delete_memory_region(void)
 static void test_zero_memory_regions(void)
 {
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
 
 	pr_info("Testing KVM_RUN with zero added memory regions\n");
@@ -318,10 +317,7 @@ static void test_zero_memory_regions(void)
 
 	vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_NR_MMU_PAGES, (void *)64ul);
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
-
-	run = vcpu->run;
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR,
-		    "Unexpected exit_reason = %u\n", run->exit_reason);
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR);
 
 	kvm_vm_free(vm);
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/amx_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/amx_test.c
index 21de6ae42086..cbdd3ca5fc46 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/amx_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/amx_test.c
@@ -241,7 +241,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	struct kvm_regs regs1, regs2;
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct kvm_x86_state *state;
 	int xsave_restore_size;
 	vm_vaddr_t amx_cfg, tiledata, xsavedata;
@@ -263,7 +262,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		    "KVM should enumerate max XSAVE size when XSAVE is supported");
 	xsave_restore_size = kvm_cpu_property(X86_PROPERTY_XSTATE_MAX_SIZE);
 
-	run = vcpu->run;
 	vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, &regs1);
 
 	/* Register #NM handler */
@@ -286,10 +284,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	for (stage = 1; ; stage++) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Stage %d: unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    stage, run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
@@ -345,7 +340,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		/* Restore state in a new VM.  */
 		vcpu = vm_recreate_with_one_vcpu(vm);
 		vcpu_load_state(vcpu, state);
-		run = vcpu->run;
 		kvm_x86_state_cleanup(state);
 
 		memset(&regs2, 0, sizeof(regs2));
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/cr4_cpuid_sync_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/cr4_cpuid_sync_test.c
index 1027a671c7d3..de613f26fc06 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/cr4_cpuid_sync_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/cr4_cpuid_sync_test.c
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ static void guest_code(void)
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
 	struct kvm_sregs sregs;
 	struct ucall uc;
@@ -58,15 +57,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XSAVE));
 
 	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
-	run = vcpu->run;
 
 	while (1) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_SYNC:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/debug_regs.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/debug_regs.c
index 7ef99c3359a0..cba2990495be 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/debug_regs.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/debug_regs.c
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ int main(void)
 	vcpu_guest_debug_set(vcpu, &debug);
 
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO, "KVM_EXIT_IO");
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	cmd = get_ucall(vcpu, &uc);
 	TEST_ASSERT(cmd == UCALL_DONE, "UCALL_DONE");
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/flds_emulation.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/flds_emulation.h
index e43a7df25f2c..d78a4b50eca3 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/flds_emulation.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/flds_emulation.h
@@ -24,10 +24,7 @@ static inline void handle_flds_emulation_failure_exit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	uint8_t *insn_bytes;
 	uint64_t flags;
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR);
 
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->emulation_failure.suberror == KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION,
 		    "Unexpected suberror: %u",
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c
index 2ee0af0d449e..db6f26b7bbdd 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_clock.c
@@ -207,13 +207,11 @@ int main(void)
 {
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 	vm_vaddr_t tsc_page_gva;
 	int stage;
 
 	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_main);
-	run = vcpu->run;
 
 	vcpu_set_hv_cpuid(vcpu);
 
@@ -227,10 +225,7 @@ int main(void)
 
 	for (stage = 1;; stage++) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Stage %d: unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    stage, run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_evmcs.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_evmcs.c
index ba09d300c953..fd570e568158 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_evmcs.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_evmcs.c
@@ -237,7 +237,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int stage;
 
@@ -266,13 +265,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	pr_info("Running L1 which uses EVMCS to run L2\n");
 
 	for (stage = 1;; stage++) {
-		run = vcpu->run;
-
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Stage %d: unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    stage, run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c
index a5a3146fc299..db8aa3b84ef6 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_features.c
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ static void guest_test_msrs_access(void)
 	struct kvm_cpuid2 *prev_cpuid = NULL;
 	struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *feat, *dbg;
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int stage = 0;
@@ -122,8 +121,6 @@ static void guest_test_msrs_access(void)
 		vm_init_descriptor_tables(vm);
 		vcpu_init_descriptor_tables(vcpu);
 
-		run = vcpu->run;
-
 		/* TODO: Make this entire test easier to maintain. */
 		if (stage >= 21)
 			vcpu_enable_cap(vcpu, KVM_CAP_HYPERV_SYNIC2, 0);
@@ -423,9 +420,7 @@ static void guest_test_msrs_access(void)
 			 msr->idx, msr->write ? "write" : "read");
 
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",
-			    run->exit_reason, exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
@@ -448,7 +443,6 @@ static void guest_test_hcalls_access(void)
 	struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *feat, *recomm, *dbg;
 	struct kvm_cpuid2 *prev_cpuid = NULL;
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int stage = 0;
@@ -484,8 +478,6 @@ static void guest_test_hcalls_access(void)
 		recomm = vcpu_get_cpuid_entry(vcpu, HYPERV_CPUID_ENLIGHTMENT_INFO);
 		dbg = vcpu_get_cpuid_entry(vcpu, HYPERV_CPUID_SYNDBG_PLATFORM_CAPABILITIES);
 
-		run = vcpu->run;
-
 		switch (stage) {
 		case 0:
 			feat->eax |= HV_MSR_HYPERCALL_AVAILABLE;
@@ -603,9 +595,7 @@ static void guest_test_hcalls_access(void)
 		pr_debug("Stage %d: testing hcall: 0x%lx\n", stage, hcall->control);
 
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",
-			    run->exit_reason, exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_ipi.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_ipi.c
index 8b791eac7d5a..fa098951336f 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_ipi.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_ipi.c
@@ -242,7 +242,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu[3];
-	unsigned int exit_reason;
 	vm_vaddr_t hcall_page;
 	pthread_t threads[2];
 	int stage = 1, r;
@@ -282,10 +281,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	while (true) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu[0]);
 
-		exit_reason = vcpu[0]->run->exit_reason;
-		TEST_ASSERT(exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",
-			    exit_reason, exit_reason_str(exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu[0], KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu[0], &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_SYNC:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_svm_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_svm_test.c
index 3b3cc94ba8e4..c94c6f484d27 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_svm_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_svm_test.c
@@ -156,7 +156,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	vm_vaddr_t hcall_page;
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int stage;
 
@@ -165,7 +164,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	/* Create VM */
 	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
 	vcpu_set_hv_cpuid(vcpu);
-	run = vcpu->run;
 	vcpu_alloc_svm(vm, &nested_gva);
 	vcpu_alloc_hyperv_test_pages(vm, &hv_pages_gva);
 
@@ -177,10 +175,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	for (stage = 1;; stage++) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Stage %d: unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    stage, run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_tlb_flush.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_tlb_flush.c
index 68f97ff720a7..337c6a51090e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_tlb_flush.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_tlb_flush.c
@@ -542,18 +542,13 @@ static void *vcpu_thread(void *arg)
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int old;
 	int r;
-	unsigned int exit_reason;
 
 	r = pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, &old);
 	TEST_ASSERT(!r, "pthread_setcanceltype failed on vcpu_id=%u with errno=%d",
 		    vcpu->id, r);
 
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	exit_reason = vcpu->run->exit_reason;
-
-	TEST_ASSERT(exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "vCPU %u exited with unexpected exit reason %u-%s, expected KVM_EXIT_IO",
-		    vcpu->id, exit_reason, exit_reason_str(exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 	switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 	case UCALL_ABORT:
@@ -587,7 +582,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu[3];
-	unsigned int exit_reason;
 	pthread_t threads[2];
 	vm_vaddr_t test_data_page, gva;
 	vm_paddr_t gpa;
@@ -657,11 +651,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	while (true) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu[0]);
-		exit_reason = vcpu[0]->run->exit_reason;
-
-		TEST_ASSERT(exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",
-			    exit_reason, exit_reason_str(exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu[0], KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu[0], &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_SYNC:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_clock_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_clock_test.c
index 813ce282cf56..dbf9a253fd8e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_clock_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_clock_test.c
@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ static void setup_clock(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct test_case *test_case)
 static void enter_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
 	struct kvm_clock_data start, end;
-	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm = vcpu->vm;
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int i;
@@ -118,9 +117,7 @@ static void enter_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
 		vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_GET_CLOCK, &end);
 
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",
-			    run->exit_reason, exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_SYNC:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_pv_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_pv_test.c
index 619655c1a1f3..3b6683a0a85e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_pv_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_pv_test.c
@@ -111,14 +111,11 @@ static void pr_hcall(struct ucall *uc)
 
 static void enter_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 
 	while (true) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",
-			    run->exit_reason, exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_PR_MSR:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/monitor_mwait_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/monitor_mwait_test.c
index 016070cad36e..5b47f2ac8ee3 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/monitor_mwait_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/monitor_mwait_test.c
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	uint64_t disabled_quirks;
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int testcase;
@@ -74,18 +73,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
 	vcpu_clear_cpuid_feature(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_MWAIT);
 
-	run = vcpu->run;
-
 	vm_init_descriptor_tables(vm);
 	vcpu_init_descriptor_tables(vcpu);
 
 	while (1) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_SYNC:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/nested_exceptions_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/nested_exceptions_test.c
index ac33835f78f4..4d2dc01b631e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/nested_exceptions_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/nested_exceptions_test.c
@@ -166,12 +166,9 @@ static void __attribute__((__flatten__)) l1_guest_code(void *test_data)
 
 static void assert_ucall_vector(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int vector)
 {
-	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-		    run->exit_reason, exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 	switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 	case UCALL_SYNC:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/platform_info_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/platform_info_test.c
index 310a104d94f0..52a7c0c54949 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/platform_info_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/platform_info_test.c
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ static void guest_code(void)
 
 static void test_msr_platform_info_enabled(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 
 	vm_enable_cap(vcpu->vm, KVM_CAP_MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, true);
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			"Exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s),\n",
-			run->exit_reason,
-			exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
+
 	get_ucall(vcpu, &uc);
 	TEST_ASSERT(uc.cmd == UCALL_SYNC,
 			"Received ucall other than UCALL_SYNC: %lu\n", uc.cmd);
@@ -56,14 +53,9 @@ static void test_msr_platform_info_enabled(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 static void test_msr_platform_info_disabled(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
-
 	vm_enable_cap(vcpu->vm, KVM_CAP_MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, false);
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN,
-			"Exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN: %u (%s)\n",
-			run->exit_reason,
-			exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN);
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/pmu_event_filter_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/pmu_event_filter_test.c
index 2de98fce7edd..641d833ecb67 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/pmu_event_filter_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/pmu_event_filter_test.c
@@ -151,14 +151,10 @@ static void amd_guest_code(void)
  */
 static uint64_t run_vcpu_to_sync(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	get_ucall(vcpu, &uc);
 	TEST_ASSERT(uc.cmd == UCALL_SYNC,
 		    "Received ucall other than UCALL_SYNC: %lu", uc.cmd);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/smm_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/smm_test.c
index cb38a478e1f6..ce7980a0deac 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/smm_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/smm_test.c
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
 	struct kvm_regs regs;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct kvm_x86_state *state;
 	int stage, stage_reported;
 
@@ -142,8 +141,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	/* Create VM */
 	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
 
-	run = vcpu->run;
-
 	vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS, SMRAM_GPA,
 				    SMRAM_MEMSLOT, SMRAM_PAGES, 0);
 	TEST_ASSERT(vm_phy_pages_alloc(vm, SMRAM_PAGES, SMRAM_GPA, SMRAM_MEMSLOT)
@@ -169,10 +166,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	for (stage = 1;; stage++) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Stage %d: unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    stage, run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		memset(&regs, 0, sizeof(regs));
 		vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, &regs);
@@ -208,7 +202,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 		vcpu = vm_recreate_with_one_vcpu(vm);
 		vcpu_load_state(vcpu, state);
-		run = vcpu->run;
 		kvm_x86_state_cleanup(state);
 	}
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c
index ea578971fb9f..3810dcd1b885 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c
@@ -158,14 +158,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	struct kvm_regs regs1, regs2;
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct kvm_x86_state *state;
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int stage;
 
 	/* Create VM */
 	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
-	run = vcpu->run;
 
 	vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, &regs1);
 
@@ -183,10 +181,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	for (stage = 1;; stage++) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Stage %d: unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    stage, run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
@@ -214,7 +209,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		/* Restore state in a new VM.  */
 		vcpu = vm_recreate_with_one_vcpu(vm);
 		vcpu_load_state(vcpu, state);
-		run = vcpu->run;
 		kvm_x86_state_cleanup(state);
 
 		memset(&regs2, 0, sizeof(regs2));
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_int_ctl_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_int_ctl_test.c
index 4a07ba227b99..2a924738d46b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_int_ctl_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_int_ctl_test.c
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ static void l1_guest_code(struct svm_test_data *svm)
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	vm_vaddr_t svm_gva;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
 	struct ucall uc;
@@ -103,13 +102,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	vcpu_alloc_svm(vm, &svm_gva);
 	vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 1, svm_gva);
 
-	run = vcpu->run;
-
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 	switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 	case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_shutdown_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_shutdown_test.c
index e73fcdef47bb..19cbcc282854 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_shutdown_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_shutdown_test.c
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ static void l1_guest_code(struct svm_test_data *svm, struct idt_entry *idt)
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	vm_vaddr_t svm_gva;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
 
@@ -55,13 +54,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	vcpu_alloc_svm(vm, &svm_gva);
 
 	vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 2, svm_gva, vm->idt);
-	run = vcpu->run;
 
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN,
-		    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN: %u (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN);
 
 	kvm_vm_free(vm);
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_soft_inject_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_soft_inject_test.c
index e497ace629c1..058ef2ca3e4d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_soft_inject_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_nested_soft_inject_test.c
@@ -167,16 +167,12 @@ static void run_test(bool is_nmi)
 	memset(&debug, 0, sizeof(debug));
 	vcpu_guest_debug_set(vcpu, &debug);
 
-	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 
 	alarm(2);
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
 	alarm(0);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 	switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 	case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_vmcall_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_vmcall_test.c
index c3ac45df7483..13383ada728a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_vmcall_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/svm_vmcall_test.c
@@ -47,14 +47,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 1, svm_gva);
 
 	for (;;) {
-		volatile struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 		struct ucall uc;
 
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c
index d2f9b5bdfab2..bf9b2634e42e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c
@@ -132,10 +132,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	/* TODO: BUILD TIME CHECK: TEST_ASSERT(KVM_SYNC_X86_NUM_FIELDS != 3); */
 	run->kvm_valid_regs = TEST_SYNC_FIELDS;
 	rv = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 	vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, &regs);
 	compare_regs(&regs, &run->s.regs.regs);
@@ -154,10 +151,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	run->kvm_valid_regs = TEST_SYNC_FIELDS;
 	run->kvm_dirty_regs = KVM_SYNC_X86_REGS | KVM_SYNC_X86_SREGS;
 	rv = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->s.regs.regs.rbx == 0xBAD1DEA + 1,
 		    "rbx sync regs value incorrect 0x%llx.",
 		    run->s.regs.regs.rbx);
@@ -181,10 +175,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	run->kvm_dirty_regs = 0;
 	run->s.regs.regs.rbx = 0xDEADBEEF;
 	rv = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->s.regs.regs.rbx != 0xDEADBEEF,
 		    "rbx sync regs value incorrect 0x%llx.",
 		    run->s.regs.regs.rbx);
@@ -199,10 +190,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	regs.rbx = 0xBAC0;
 	vcpu_regs_set(vcpu, &regs);
 	rv = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->s.regs.regs.rbx == 0xAAAA,
 		    "rbx sync regs value incorrect 0x%llx.",
 		    run->s.regs.regs.rbx);
@@ -219,10 +207,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	run->kvm_dirty_regs = TEST_SYNC_FIELDS;
 	run->s.regs.regs.rbx = 0xBBBB;
 	rv = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->s.regs.regs.rbx == 0xBBBB,
 		    "rbx sync regs value incorrect 0x%llx.",
 		    run->s.regs.regs.rbx);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/triple_fault_event_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/triple_fault_event_test.c
index ead5d878a71c..65481e2939e5 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/triple_fault_event_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/triple_fault_event_test.c
@@ -89,9 +89,7 @@ int main(void)
 	run = vcpu->run;
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Expected KVM_EXIT_IO, got: %u (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason, exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->io.port == ARBITRARY_IO_PORT,
 		    "Expected IN from port %d from L2, got port %d",
 		    ARBITRARY_IO_PORT, run->io.port);
@@ -111,10 +109,7 @@ int main(void)
 
 
 	if (has_svm) {
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN,
-			    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN: %u (%s)\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN);
 	} else {
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_DONE:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/tsc_scaling_sync.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/tsc_scaling_sync.c
index 47139aab7408..bd9fb9f91923 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/tsc_scaling_sync.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/tsc_scaling_sync.c
@@ -64,14 +64,10 @@ static void *run_vcpu(void *_cpu_nr)
 	pthread_spin_unlock(&create_lock);
 
 	for (;;) {
-		volatile struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
                 struct ucall uc;
 
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-                TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-                            "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-                            run->exit_reason,
-                            exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
                 case UCALL_DONE:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/ucna_injection_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/ucna_injection_test.c
index a897c7fd8abe..5644f3882fda 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/ucna_injection_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/ucna_injection_test.c
@@ -137,15 +137,11 @@ static void guest_gp_handler(struct ex_regs *regs)
 
 static void run_vcpu_expect_gp(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	unsigned int exit_reason;
 	struct ucall uc;
 
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
 
-	exit_reason = vcpu->run->exit_reason;
-	TEST_ASSERT(exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "exited with unexpected exit reason %u-%s, expected KVM_EXIT_IO",
-		    exit_reason, exit_reason_str(exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	TEST_ASSERT(get_ucall(vcpu, &uc) == UCALL_SYNC,
 		    "Expect UCALL_SYNC\n");
 	TEST_ASSERT(uc.args[1] == SYNC_GP, "#GP is expected.");
@@ -182,7 +178,6 @@ static void *run_ucna_injection(void *arg)
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int old;
 	int r;
-	unsigned int exit_reason;
 
 	r = pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, &old);
 	TEST_ASSERT(r == 0,
@@ -191,10 +186,7 @@ static void *run_ucna_injection(void *arg)
 
 	vcpu_run(params->vcpu);
 
-	exit_reason = params->vcpu->run->exit_reason;
-	TEST_ASSERT(exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "unexpected exit reason %u-%s, expected KVM_EXIT_IO",
-		    exit_reason, exit_reason_str(exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(params->vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	TEST_ASSERT(get_ucall(params->vcpu, &uc) == UCALL_SYNC,
 		    "Expect UCALL_SYNC\n");
 	TEST_ASSERT(uc.args[1] == SYNC_FIRST_UCNA, "Injecting first UCNA.");
@@ -204,10 +196,7 @@ static void *run_ucna_injection(void *arg)
 	inject_ucna(params->vcpu, FIRST_UCNA_ADDR);
 	vcpu_run(params->vcpu);
 
-	exit_reason = params->vcpu->run->exit_reason;
-	TEST_ASSERT(exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "unexpected exit reason %u-%s, expected KVM_EXIT_IO",
-		    exit_reason, exit_reason_str(exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(params->vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	TEST_ASSERT(get_ucall(params->vcpu, &uc) == UCALL_SYNC,
 		    "Expect UCALL_SYNC\n");
 	TEST_ASSERT(uc.args[1] == SYNC_SECOND_UCNA, "Injecting second UCNA.");
@@ -217,10 +206,7 @@ static void *run_ucna_injection(void *arg)
 	inject_ucna(params->vcpu, SECOND_UCNA_ADDR);
 	vcpu_run(params->vcpu);
 
-	exit_reason = params->vcpu->run->exit_reason;
-	TEST_ASSERT(exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "unexpected exit reason %u-%s, expected KVM_EXIT_IO",
-		    exit_reason, exit_reason_str(exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(params->vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 	if (get_ucall(params->vcpu, &uc) == UCALL_ABORT) {
 		TEST_ASSERT(false, "vCPU assertion failure: %s.\n",
 			    (const char *)uc.args[0]);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_io_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_io_test.c
index 91076c9787b4..10f18e1f3cf6 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_io_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_io_test.c
@@ -63,11 +63,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	while (1) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		if (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc))
 			break;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_msr_exit_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_msr_exit_test.c
index 25fa55344a10..55448176ebad 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_msr_exit_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/userspace_msr_exit_test.c
@@ -410,10 +410,7 @@ static void process_rdmsr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint32_t msr_index)
 
 	check_for_guest_assert(vcpu);
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_X86_RDMSR,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_X86_RDMSR);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->msr.index == msr_index,
 			"Unexpected msr (0x%04x), expected 0x%04x",
 			run->msr.index, msr_index);
@@ -445,10 +442,7 @@ static void process_wrmsr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint32_t msr_index)
 
 	check_for_guest_assert(vcpu);
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_X86_WRMSR,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_X86_WRMSR);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->msr.index == msr_index,
 			"Unexpected msr (0x%04x), expected 0x%04x",
 			run->msr.index, msr_index);
@@ -472,15 +466,11 @@ static void process_wrmsr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, uint32_t msr_index)
 
 static void process_ucall_done(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 
 	check_for_guest_assert(vcpu);
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 	TEST_ASSERT(get_ucall(vcpu, &uc) == UCALL_DONE,
 		    "Unexpected ucall command: %lu, expected UCALL_DONE (%d)",
@@ -489,15 +479,11 @@ static void process_ucall_done(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 static uint64_t process_ucall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
-	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 	struct ucall uc = {};
 
 	check_for_guest_assert(vcpu);
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s)",
-		    run->exit_reason,
-		    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 	switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 	case UCALL_SYNC:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_apic_access_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_apic_access_test.c
index 5abecf06329e..7e495eb00f33 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_apic_access_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_apic_access_test.c
@@ -96,21 +96,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
 		if (apic_access_addr == high_gpa) {
-			TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason ==
-				    KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR,
-				    "Got exit reason other than KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR: %u (%s)\n",
-				    run->exit_reason,
-				    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+			ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR);
 			TEST_ASSERT(run->internal.suberror ==
 				    KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION,
 				    "Got internal suberror other than KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION: %u\n",
 				    run->internal.suberror);
 			break;
 		}
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c
index d79651b02740..7d167b830d5e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c
@@ -64,10 +64,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		struct ucall uc;
 
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		if (run->io.port == PORT_L0_EXIT)
 			break;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_dirty_log_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_dirty_log_test.c
index f0456fb031b1..785599aee13e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_dirty_log_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_dirty_log_test.c
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct ucall uc;
 	bool done = false;
 
@@ -84,7 +83,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, l1_guest_code);
 	vmx = vcpu_alloc_vmx(vm, &vmx_pages_gva);
 	vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 1, vmx_pages_gva);
-	run = vcpu->run;
 
 	/* Add an extra memory slot for testing dirty logging */
 	vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS,
@@ -117,10 +115,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	while (!done) {
 		memset(host_test_mem, 0xaa, TEST_MEM_PAGES * 4096);
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_exception_with_invalid_guest_state.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_exception_with_invalid_guest_state.c
index 2641b286b4ed..0a7efe25ee48 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_exception_with_invalid_guest_state.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_exception_with_invalid_guest_state.c
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ static void __run_vcpu_with_invalid_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR,
-		    "Expected KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR, got %d (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason, exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR);
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->emulation_failure.suberror == KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION,
 		    "Expected emulation failure, got %d\n",
 		    run->emulation_failure.suberror);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_invalid_nested_guest_state.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_invalid_nested_guest_state.c
index 6bfb4bb471ca..7dba67c56cb7 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_invalid_nested_guest_state.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_invalid_nested_guest_state.c
@@ -74,9 +74,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	 * The first exit to L0 userspace should be an I/O access from L2.
 	 * Running L1 should launch L2 without triggering an exit to userspace.
 	 */
-	TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "Expected KVM_EXIT_IO, got: %u (%s)\n",
-		    run->exit_reason, exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 	TEST_ASSERT(run->io.port == ARBITRARY_IO_PORT,
 		    "Expected IN from port %d from L2, got port %d",
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_nested_tsc_scaling_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_nested_tsc_scaling_test.c
index 465a9434d61c..2f4f8b72fa54 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_nested_tsc_scaling_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_nested_tsc_scaling_test.c
@@ -183,14 +183,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	vcpu_ioctl(vcpu, KVM_SET_TSC_KHZ, (void *) (tsc_khz / l1_scale_factor));
 
 	for (;;) {
-		volatile struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 		struct ucall uc;
 
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_preemption_timer_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_preemption_timer_test.c
index 0efdc05969a5..5f8fb81ac267 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_preemption_timer_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_preemption_timer_test.c
@@ -157,7 +157,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	struct kvm_regs regs1, regs2;
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
-	struct kvm_run *run;
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
 	struct kvm_x86_state *state;
 	struct ucall uc;
@@ -173,7 +172,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	/* Create VM */
 	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
-	run = vcpu->run;
 
 	vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, &regs1);
 
@@ -182,10 +180,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	for (stage = 1;; stage++) {
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Stage %d: unexpected exit reason: %u (%s),\n",
-			    stage, run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
@@ -237,7 +232,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		/* Restore state in a new VM.  */
 		vcpu = vm_recreate_with_one_vcpu(vm);
 		vcpu_load_state(vcpu, state);
-		run = vcpu->run;
 		kvm_x86_state_cleanup(state);
 
 		memset(&regs2, 0, sizeof(regs2));
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c
index 5943187e8594..a48d40477615 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c
@@ -136,14 +136,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 1, vmx_pages_gva);
 
 	for (;;) {
-		volatile struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 		struct ucall uc;
 
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xapic_ipi_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xapic_ipi_test.c
index 3d272d7f961e..50d17d18e11e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xapic_ipi_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xapic_ipi_test.c
@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ static void *vcpu_thread(void *arg)
 	struct ucall uc;
 	int old;
 	int r;
-	unsigned int exit_reason;
 
 	r = pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, &old);
 	TEST_ASSERT(r == 0,
@@ -207,11 +206,8 @@ static void *vcpu_thread(void *arg)
 
 	fprintf(stderr, "vCPU thread running vCPU %u\n", vcpu->id);
 	vcpu_run(vcpu);
-	exit_reason = vcpu->run->exit_reason;
 
-	TEST_ASSERT(exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-		    "vCPU %u exited with unexpected exit reason %u-%s, expected KVM_EXIT_IO",
-		    vcpu->id, exit_reason, exit_reason_str(exit_reason));
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 	if (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc) == UCALL_ABORT) {
 		TEST_ASSERT(false,
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_shinfo_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_shinfo_test.c
index 2a5727188c8d..c3b923046c04 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_shinfo_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_shinfo_test.c
@@ -605,15 +605,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	bool evtchn_irq_expected = false;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		volatile struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
 		struct ucall uc;
 
 		vcpu_run(vcpu);
-
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_vmcall_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_vmcall_test.c
index 88914d48c65e..16190c94d759 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_vmcall_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/xen_vmcall_test.c
@@ -122,10 +122,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		TEST_ASSERT(run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO,
-			    "Got exit_reason other than KVM_EXIT_IO: %u (%s)\n",
-			    run->exit_reason,
-			    exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
+		ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
 
 		switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
 		case UCALL_ABORT:
-- 
2.38.1.584.g0f3c55d4c2-goog

[PATCH v2 6/6] KVM: selftests: Test Hyper-V extended hypercall exit to userspace

[Vipin Sharma]

Hyper-V extended hypercalls by default exit to userspace. Verify
userspace gets the call, update the result and then verify in guest
correct result is received.

Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore        |  1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile          |  1 +
 .../selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h  |  3 +
 .../kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c   | 94 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 99 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
index 082855d94c72..b17874697d74 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 /x86_64/hyperv_clock
 /x86_64/hyperv_cpuid
 /x86_64/hyperv_evmcs
+/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls
 /x86_64/hyperv_features
 /x86_64/hyperv_ipi
 /x86_64/hyperv_svm_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile
index 2275ba861e0e..a0e12f5d9835 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/fix_hypercall_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_clock
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_cpuid
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_evmcs
+TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_features
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_ipi
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_svm_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
index 5d310abe6c3f..f167396b887b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
@@ -168,6 +168,9 @@ struct kvm_x86_cpu_feature {
 #define X86_FEATURE_KVM_HC_MAP_GPA_RANGE	KVM_X86_CPU_FEATURE(0x40000001, 0, EAX, 16)
 #define X86_FEATURE_KVM_MIGRATION_CONTROL	KVM_X86_CPU_FEATURE(0x40000001, 0, EAX, 17)
 
+/* Hyper-V defined paravirt features */
+#define X86_FEATURE_HYPERV_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS	KVM_X86_CPU_FEATURE(0x40000003, 0, EBX, 20)
+
 /*
  * Same idea as X86_FEATURE_XXX, but X86_PROPERTY_XXX retrieves a multi-bit
  * value/property as opposed to a single-bit feature.  Again, pack the info
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..13c1b03294a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Test Hyper-V extended hypercall, HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES (0x8001),
+ * exit to userspace and receive result in guest.
+ *
+ * Negative tests are present in hyperv_features.c
+ *
+ * Copyright 2022 Google LLC
+ * Author: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
+ */
+
+#include "kvm_util.h"
+#include "processor.h"
+#include "hyperv.h"
+
+/* Any value is fine */
+#define EXT_CAPABILITIES 0xbull
+
+static void guest_code(vm_vaddr_t in_pg_gpa, vm_vaddr_t out_pg_gpa,
+		       vm_vaddr_t out_pg_gva)
+{
+	uint64_t *output_gva;
+
+	wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_GUEST_OS_ID, HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID);
+	wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_HYPERCALL, in_pg_gpa);
+
+	output_gva = (uint64_t *)out_pg_gva;
+
+	hyperv_hypercall(HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES, in_pg_gpa, out_pg_gpa);
+
+	/* TLFS states output will be a uint64_t value */
+	GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(*output_gva, EXT_CAPABILITIES);
+
+	GUEST_DONE();
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	vm_vaddr_t hcall_out_page;
+	vm_vaddr_t hcall_in_page;
+	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
+	struct kvm_run *run;
+	struct kvm_vm *vm;
+	uint64_t *outval;
+	struct ucall uc;
+
+	/* Verify if extended hypercalls are supported */
+	if (!kvm_cpuid_has(kvm_get_supported_hv_cpuid(),
+			   X86_FEATURE_HYPERV_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS)) {
+		print_skip("Extended calls not supported by the kernel");
+		exit(KSFT_SKIP);
+	}
+
+	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
+	run = vcpu->run;
+	vcpu_enable_cap(vcpu, KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENFORCE_CPUID, 1);
+	vcpu_set_hv_cpuid(vcpu);
+
+	/* Hypercall input */
+	hcall_in_page = vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(vm, 1);
+	memset(addr_gva2hva(vm, hcall_in_page), 0x0, vm->page_size);
+
+	/* Hypercall output */
+	hcall_out_page = vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(vm, 1);
+	memset(addr_gva2hva(vm, hcall_out_page), 0x0, vm->page_size);
+
+	vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 3, addr_gva2gpa(vm, hcall_in_page),
+		      addr_gva2gpa(vm, hcall_out_page), hcall_out_page);
+
+	vcpu_run(vcpu);
+
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_HYPERV);
+
+	outval = addr_gpa2hva(vm, run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[1]);
+	*outval = EXT_CAPABILITIES;
+	run->hyperv.u.hcall.result = HV_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+	vcpu_run(vcpu);
+
+	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
+
+	switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
+	case UCALL_ABORT:
+		REPORT_GUEST_ASSERT_2(uc, "arg1 = %ld, arg2 = %ld");
+		break;
+	case UCALL_DONE:
+		break;
+	default:
+		TEST_FAIL("Unhandled ucall: %ld", uc.cmd);
+	}
+
+	kvm_vm_free(vm);
+	return 0;
+}
-- 
2.38.1.584.g0f3c55d4c2-goog

Re: [PATCH v2 6/6] KVM: selftests: Test Hyper-V extended hypercall exit to userspace

[Vitaly Kuznetsov]

Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:

> Hyper-V extended hypercalls by default exit to userspace. Verify
> userspace gets the call, update the result and then verify in guest
> correct result is received.
>
> Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
> ---
>  tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore        |  1 +
>  tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile          |  1 +
>  .../selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h  |  3 +
>  .../kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c   | 94 +++++++++++++++++++
>  4 files changed, 99 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c
>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
> index 082855d94c72..b17874697d74 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
> @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
>  /x86_64/hyperv_clock
>  /x86_64/hyperv_cpuid
>  /x86_64/hyperv_evmcs
> +/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls

My personal preference would be to shorten the name to something like
"hyperv_ext_hcalls", doesn't seem to be ambiguos. No strong preference
though, feel free to keep the long version.

>  /x86_64/hyperv_features
>  /x86_64/hyperv_ipi
>  /x86_64/hyperv_svm_test
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile
> index 2275ba861e0e..a0e12f5d9835 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile
> @@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/fix_hypercall_test
>  TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_clock
>  TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_cpuid
>  TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_evmcs
> +TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls
>  TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_features
>  TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_ipi
>  TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/hyperv_svm_test
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
> index 5d310abe6c3f..f167396b887b 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
> @@ -168,6 +168,9 @@ struct kvm_x86_cpu_feature {
>  #define X86_FEATURE_KVM_HC_MAP_GPA_RANGE	KVM_X86_CPU_FEATURE(0x40000001, 0, EAX, 16)
>  #define X86_FEATURE_KVM_MIGRATION_CONTROL	KVM_X86_CPU_FEATURE(0x40000001, 0, EAX, 17)
>  
> +/* Hyper-V defined paravirt features */
> +#define X86_FEATURE_HYPERV_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS	KVM_X86_CPU_FEATURE(0x40000003, 0, EBX, 20)
> +

I completely forgot about my other series where I've converted the whole
hyperv_features test to using KVM_X86_CPU_FEATURE():
https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20221013095849.705943-6-vkuznets@redhat.com/

but your define reminded me of it, thanks! Hope the whole thing will get
queued soon.

As for your change, I think it is better suited for
include/x86_64/hyperv.h instead of include/x86_64/processor.h anyway,
I'm trying to keep all Hyper-V related stuff separate as Hyper-V CPUID
leaves intersect with KVM's, e.g. 0x40000001.

>  /*
>   * Same idea as X86_FEATURE_XXX, but X86_PROPERTY_XXX retrieves a multi-bit
>   * value/property as opposed to a single-bit feature.  Again, pack the info
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..13c1b03294a4
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +/*
> + * Test Hyper-V extended hypercall, HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES (0x8001),
> + * exit to userspace and receive result in guest.
> + *
> + * Negative tests are present in hyperv_features.c
> + *
> + * Copyright 2022 Google LLC
> + * Author: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
> + */
> +
> +#include "kvm_util.h"
> +#include "processor.h"
> +#include "hyperv.h"
> +
> +/* Any value is fine */
> +#define EXT_CAPABILITIES 0xbull
> +
> +static void guest_code(vm_vaddr_t in_pg_gpa, vm_vaddr_t out_pg_gpa,
> +		       vm_vaddr_t out_pg_gva)
> +{
> +	uint64_t *output_gva;
> +
> +	wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_GUEST_OS_ID, HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID);
> +	wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_HYPERCALL, in_pg_gpa);
> +
> +	output_gva = (uint64_t *)out_pg_gva;
> +
> +	hyperv_hypercall(HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES, in_pg_gpa, out_pg_gpa);
> +
> +	/* TLFS states output will be a uint64_t value */
> +	GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(*output_gva, EXT_CAPABILITIES);
> +
> +	GUEST_DONE();
> +}
> +
> +int main(void)
> +{
> +	vm_vaddr_t hcall_out_page;
> +	vm_vaddr_t hcall_in_page;
> +	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
> +	struct kvm_run *run;
> +	struct kvm_vm *vm;
> +	uint64_t *outval;
> +	struct ucall uc;
> +
> +	/* Verify if extended hypercalls are supported */
> +	if (!kvm_cpuid_has(kvm_get_supported_hv_cpuid(),
> +			   X86_FEATURE_HYPERV_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS)) {
> +		print_skip("Extended calls not supported by the kernel");
> +		exit(KSFT_SKIP);
> +	}
> +
> +	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
> +	run = vcpu->run;
> +	vcpu_enable_cap(vcpu, KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENFORCE_CPUID, 1);

Do we need this enforcement assuming we have no plans to add 'negative'
tests here (hyperv_features does it just fine)? vcpu_set_hv_cpuid()
enables everything anyway...

> +	vcpu_set_hv_cpuid(vcpu);
> +
> +	/* Hypercall input */
> +	hcall_in_page = vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(vm, 1);
> +	memset(addr_gva2hva(vm, hcall_in_page), 0x0, vm->page_size);
> +
> +	/* Hypercall output */
> +	hcall_out_page = vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(vm, 1);
> +	memset(addr_gva2hva(vm, hcall_out_page), 0x0, vm->page_size);
> +
> +	vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 3, addr_gva2gpa(vm, hcall_in_page),
> +		      addr_gva2gpa(vm, hcall_out_page), hcall_out_page);
> +
> +	vcpu_run(vcpu);
> +
> +	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_HYPERV);
> +
> +	outval = addr_gpa2hva(vm, run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[1]);
> +	*outval = EXT_CAPABILITIES;
> +	run->hyperv.u.hcall.result = HV_STATUS_SUCCESS;
> +
> +	vcpu_run(vcpu);
> +
> +	ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
> +
> +	switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
> +	case UCALL_ABORT:
> +		REPORT_GUEST_ASSERT_2(uc, "arg1 = %ld, arg2 = %ld");
> +		break;
> +	case UCALL_DONE:
> +		break;
> +	default:
> +		TEST_FAIL("Unhandled ucall: %ld", uc.cmd);
> +	}
> +
> +	kvm_vm_free(vm);
> +	return 0;
> +}

-- 
Vitaly

Re: [PATCH v2 6/6] KVM: selftests: Test Hyper-V extended hypercall exit to userspace

[Vipin Sharma]

On Tue, Nov 22, 2022 at 7:57 AM Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> wrote:
>
> Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com> writes:
>
> > index 082855d94c72..b17874697d74 100644
> > --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
> > +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
> > @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
> >  /x86_64/hyperv_clock
> >  /x86_64/hyperv_cpuid
> >  /x86_64/hyperv_evmcs
> > +/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls
>
> My personal preference would be to shorten the name to something like
> "hyperv_ext_hcalls", doesn't seem to be ambiguos. No strong preference
> though, feel free to keep the long version.
>

I will keep the long one, in v1 David was suggesting it will be easier
for non Hyperv developers to read and understand.

> > +/* Hyper-V defined paravirt features */
> > +#define X86_FEATURE_HYPERV_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS       KVM_X86_CPU_FEATURE(0x40000003, 0, EBX, 20)
> > +
>
> I completely forgot about my other series where I've converted the whole
> hyperv_features test to using KVM_X86_CPU_FEATURE():
> https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20221013095849.705943-6-vkuznets@redhat.com/
>
> but your define reminded me of it, thanks! Hope the whole thing will get
> queued soon.
>

Your patches are always one step ahead of me :D

If your series doesn't show up in the KVM queue soon, I will rebase my
patch series on top of your series

> As for your change, I think it is better suited for
> include/x86_64/hyperv.h instead of include/x86_64/processor.h anyway,
> I'm trying to keep all Hyper-V related stuff separate as Hyper-V CPUID
> leaves intersect with KVM's, e.g. 0x40000001.
>

Sounds good.

> >  /*
> >   * Same idea as X86_FEATURE_XXX, but X86_PROPERTY_XXX retrieves a multi-bit
> >   * value/property as opposed to a single-bit feature.  Again, pack the info
> > diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..13c1b03294a4
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/hyperv_extended_hypercalls.c
> > @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
> > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> > +/*
> > + * Test Hyper-V extended hypercall, HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES (0x8001),
> > + * exit to userspace and receive result in guest.
> > + *
> > + * Negative tests are present in hyperv_features.c
> > + *
> > + * Copyright 2022 Google LLC
> > + * Author: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@google.com>
> > + */
> > +
> > +#include "kvm_util.h"
> > +#include "processor.h"
> > +#include "hyperv.h"
> > +
> > +/* Any value is fine */
> > +#define EXT_CAPABILITIES 0xbull
> > +
> > +static void guest_code(vm_vaddr_t in_pg_gpa, vm_vaddr_t out_pg_gpa,
> > +                    vm_vaddr_t out_pg_gva)
> > +{
> > +     uint64_t *output_gva;
> > +
> > +     wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_GUEST_OS_ID, HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID);
> > +     wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_HYPERCALL, in_pg_gpa);
> > +
> > +     output_gva = (uint64_t *)out_pg_gva;
> > +
> > +     hyperv_hypercall(HV_EXT_CALL_QUERY_CAPABILITIES, in_pg_gpa, out_pg_gpa);
> > +
> > +     /* TLFS states output will be a uint64_t value */
> > +     GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(*output_gva, EXT_CAPABILITIES);
> > +
> > +     GUEST_DONE();
> > +}
> > +
> > +int main(void)
> > +{
> > +     vm_vaddr_t hcall_out_page;
> > +     vm_vaddr_t hcall_in_page;
> > +     struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
> > +     struct kvm_run *run;
> > +     struct kvm_vm *vm;
> > +     uint64_t *outval;
> > +     struct ucall uc;
> > +
> > +     /* Verify if extended hypercalls are supported */
> > +     if (!kvm_cpuid_has(kvm_get_supported_hv_cpuid(),
> > +                        X86_FEATURE_HYPERV_EXTENDED_HYPERCALLS)) {
> > +             print_skip("Extended calls not supported by the kernel");
> > +             exit(KSFT_SKIP);
> > +     }
> > +
> > +     vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
> > +     run = vcpu->run;
> > +     vcpu_enable_cap(vcpu, KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENFORCE_CPUID, 1);
>
> Do we need this enforcement assuming we have no plans to add 'negative'
> tests here (hyperv_features does it just fine)? vcpu_set_hv_cpuid()
> enables everything anyway...
>

We do not. I will remove it.

> > +     vcpu_set_hv_cpuid(vcpu);
> > +
> > +     /* Hypercall input */
> > +     hcall_in_page = vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(vm, 1);
> > +     memset(addr_gva2hva(vm, hcall_in_page), 0x0, vm->page_size);
> > +
> > +     /* Hypercall output */
> > +     hcall_out_page = vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(vm, 1);
> > +     memset(addr_gva2hva(vm, hcall_out_page), 0x0, vm->page_size);
> > +
> > +     vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 3, addr_gva2gpa(vm, hcall_in_page),
> > +                   addr_gva2gpa(vm, hcall_out_page), hcall_out_page);
> > +
> > +     vcpu_run(vcpu);
> > +
> > +     ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_HYPERV);
> > +
> > +     outval = addr_gpa2hva(vm, run->hyperv.u.hcall.params[1]);
> > +     *outval = EXT_CAPABILITIES;
> > +     run->hyperv.u.hcall.result = HV_STATUS_SUCCESS;
> > +
> > +     vcpu_run(vcpu);
> > +
> > +     ASSERT_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
> > +
> > +     switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
> > +     case UCALL_ABORT:
> > +             REPORT_GUEST_ASSERT_2(uc, "arg1 = %ld, arg2 = %ld");
> > +             break;
> > +     case UCALL_DONE:
> > +             break;
> > +     default:
> > +             TEST_FAIL("Unhandled ucall: %ld", uc.cmd);
> > +     }
> > +
> > +     kvm_vm_free(vm);
> > +     return 0;
> > +}
>
> --
> Vitaly
>