Specify devices manually in exotic environment

Specify devices manually in exotic environment

[Milan Hauth]

Hello there.

Got a quite exotic environment here -- a Compaq Evo T20 thin client, which  
I want to run Linux on.

But I'm not satisfied with a completely thin client, meaning that all the  
files are located on the server. What I want is the basic system to be  
located on the client, while the Unix System Resources, for example, are  
mounted from the server, since they're too big for 32MB of Flash memory.

The problem I'm facing at the moment is the T20's BIOS, which doesn't seem  
to pass the device information correctly to the Kernel. GRUB (v0.97) does  
work with a workaround, which can be found in the document [1] I followed  
to 'teach' Linux to the T20.

I already tried to use /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev, but setting the  
root device to 0x80 (as already specified for GRUB) or 0x81 (1st partition  
of 0x80) did not seem to help.

So, did I forget anything when building my Kernel? Or is it just another  
trick, I don't know yet?

Hopefully someone here can help me on this one.. have been 'working' on my  
cute T20 for several months now.. :-\

Cheers, milahu


[1] http://www.kazak.ws/evo/


PS: Here's my linuxrc:

#!/bin/sh
mount -v -t proc proc /proc
echo 0x80 >/proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev
mount -o remount,rw /
exec chroot . sh <<- EOF
     <dev/console >dev/console 2>&1
     exec /sbin/init
EOF
--
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
mount: can't find / in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab
INIT: version 2.86 booting
INIT: No inittab file found

Re: Specify devices manually in exotic environment

[Denis Vlasenko]

On Tuesday 22 August 2006 21:26, Milan Hauth wrote:
> Hello there.
> 
> Got a quite exotic environment here -- a Compaq Evo T20 thin client, which  
> I want to run Linux on.
> 
> But I'm not satisfied with a completely thin client, meaning that all the  
> files are located on the server. What I want is the basic system to be  
> located on the client, while the Unix System Resources, for example, are  
> mounted from the server, since they're too big for 32MB of Flash memory.
> 
> The problem I'm facing at the moment is the T20's BIOS, which doesn't seem  
> to pass the device information correctly to the Kernel.

More info? What information is not passed?

> GRUB (v0.97) does   
> work with a workaround, which can be found in the document [1] I followed  
> to 'teach' Linux to the T20.
> 
> I already tried to use /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev, but setting the  
> root device to 0x80 (as already specified for GRUB) or 0x81 (1st partition  
> of 0x80) did not seem to help.
> 
> So, did I forget anything when building my Kernel? Or is it just another  
> trick, I don't know yet?
> 
> Hopefully someone here can help me on this one.. have been 'working' on my  
> cute T20 for several months now.. :-\

I just pass two parameters to kernel on the commandline,
then I create needed node (in initrd):

mknod /dev/root b "$ROOTMAJ" "$ROOTMIN"

And then (still in initrd):

mount -n -o ro /dev/root /new_root
mount -n -t ramfs none /new_root/dev
cp -dp /dev/console /dev/null /new_root/dev
cd /new_root
# making sure we dont keep /dev busy
exec <dev/console >dev/console 2>&1
# proc/ in new root is used here as a temp mountpoint for old root
pivot_root . proc
exec chroot . sh -c 'umount -n /proc; exec /bin/env - /sbin/init'

and then proceed as usual (/dev will be populated by udev later)

For this to work you only need to know major/minor#.
--
vda

Re: Specify devices manually in exotic environment

[Milan Hauth]

On Wed, 23 Aug 2006 10:31:06 +0200, Denis Vlasenko  
<vda.linux@googlemail.com> wrote:

> More info? What information is not passed?

Well, usually the BIOS enables access to the IDE bus, but not with me. But  
how does WinNT work on the T20 then..? Also lspci does not show any device  
identifiers -- just loads of cryptic numbers..

> mknod /dev/root b "$ROOTMAJ" "$ROOTMIN"

This also did not help -- 'cat: /dev/root: No such device or address'.  
Major/minor is 4/0, as recommended in the kernel docs for /dev/root.

So where can I find my flash memory..? Again, with GRUB I just had to  
specify the device address (0x80) and the kernel/initrd positions in  
sector syntax, which works fine. Maybe I can do the same in Linux with my  
ext2 partition, to specify the start and end sectors ('Specify drives  
manually..'). But where to start?

Here's some other info (typos may be included):


/proc/devices:
**************
Character devices:
   1 mem
   2 pty
   3 ttyp
   4 /dev/vc/0
   4 tty
   4 ttyS
   5 /dev/tty
   5 /dev/console
   5 /dev/ptmx
   7 vcs
  10 misc
  13 input
  14 sound
  29 fb
  89 i2c
  90 mtd
116 alsa
128 ptm
136 pts
180 usb
189 usb_device
226 drm

Block devices:
   1 ramdisk
   7 loop
   8 sd
  44 ftl
  65 sd
  66 sd
  67 sd
  68 sd
  69 sd
  70 sd
  71 sd
  93 nftl
128 sd      <--    Is this my 0x80 device..?
129 sd      <--    ..then this would be my 1st part.. [1]
130 sd
131 sd
132 sd
133 sd
134 sd
135 sd

[1] ..but how to access that block device then? What major/minor combi is  
needed here..?


lspci:
******
00:00.0 0600: 1078:0001
00:0f.0 0200: 100b:0020
00:12.0 0601: 1078:0100 (rev 30)
00:12.1 0680: 1078:0101
00:12.2 0101: 1078:0102
00:12.3 0401: 1078:0103
00:12.4 0300: 1078:0104
00:13.0 0c03: 0e11:a0f8 (rev 06)


/proc/iomem:
************
00000000-0008efff : System RAM
000a0000-000bffff : Video RAM area
000c0000-000c7fff : Video ROM
000cc000-000ccfff : 0000:00:13.0
   000cc000-000ccfff : ohci_hcd
000f0000-000fffff : System ROM
00100000-07d0ffff : System RAM
   00100000-00303920 : Kernel code
   00303921-003cdeb3 : Kernel data
10000000-1000ffff : 0000:00:0f.0
10010000-10010fff : 0000:00:0f.0
   10010000-10010fff : natsemi
40010000-40010fff : 0000:00:12.4
40011000-4001107f : 0000:00:12.3
40012000-400120ff : 0000:00:12.1


Hope this helps.. somehow.

Cheers, milahu

Re: Specify devices manually in exotic environment

[Milan Hauth]

On Wed, 23 Aug 2006 12:10:27 +0200, Denis Vlasenko
<vda.linux@googlemail.com> wrote:

>> > mknod /dev/root b "$ROOTMAJ" "$ROOTMIN"
>>
>> This also did not help -- 'cat: /dev/root: No such device or address'.
>> Major/minor is 4/0, as recommended in the kernel docs for /dev/root.
>
> What cat? Where did I say to cat anything? I said "create new node,
> namely, 'root', in the /dev, with the following major/minor#".

I did create the root node (b4/0). Just used cat for testing, since I
didn't have dd available yet on the initrd. But obviously it did not
work.. :-\


> If it doesn't work, maybe your initrd is mounted ro.
> Remount it rw first. Or mount a ramfs somewhere,
> it will give you writable place to play.
>
>> So where can I find my flash memory..? Again, with GRUB I just had to
>> specify the device address (0x80) and the kernel/initrd positions in
>> sector syntax, which works fine. Maybe I can do the same in Linux with  
>> my
>> ext2 partition, to specify the start and end sectors ('Specify drives
>> manually..'). But where to start?
>
> Start by reading boot messages. They ought to say
> what devices are found.

Ah, excellent: A IDE controller is found:

CS5530: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:12.2

The according line in lspci:

00:12.2 0101: 1078:0102

And there are also two IDE interfaces:

PCI: Setting latency timer iof devvice 0000:00:12.0 to 64
      ide0: BM-DMA at 0xfb00-0xfb07, BIOS settings: hda: pio, hdb: pio
      ide1: BM-DMA at 0xfb08-0xfb0f, BIOS settings: hdc: pio, hdd: pio
Probing IDE interface ide0...
Probing IDE interface ide1...

..but no devices, which is logical: If there would be devices, I could use
them via /dev/hd*.

But why is the IDE controller being recognized, while no devices are
found..?


> Try hexdump'ing your sd devices:
>
> # dd if=/dev/sda bs=1024 count=1 | hexdump
>
> and see whether they give something like boot sector.

'No such device or address'.. I already tried special devices before,
forgot to mention.


Maybe I just gonna try to get some more information about my hardware and
recheck my Kernel configuration..

Cheers, milahu

Re: Specify devices manually in exotic environment

[linux-os (Dick Johnson)]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 3374 bytes --]


On Wed, 23 Aug 2006, Milan Hauth wrote:

> On Wed, 23 Aug 2006 12:10:27 +0200, Denis Vlasenko
> <vda.linux@googlemail.com> wrote:
>
>>>> mknod /dev/root b "$ROOTMAJ" "$ROOTMIN"
>>>
>>> This also did not help -- 'cat: /dev/root: No such device or address'.
>>> Major/minor is 4/0, as recommended in the kernel docs for /dev/root.
>>
>> What cat? Where did I say to cat anything? I said "create new node,
>> namely, 'root', in the /dev, with the following major/minor#".
>
> I did create the root node (b4/0). Just used cat for testing, since I
> didn't have dd available yet on the initrd. But obviously it did not
> work.. :-\
>
>
>> If it doesn't work, maybe your initrd is mounted ro.
>> Remount it rw first. Or mount a ramfs somewhere,
>> it will give you writable place to play.
>>
>>> So where can I find my flash memory..? Again, with GRUB I just had to
>>> specify the device address (0x80) and the kernel/initrd positions in
>>> sector syntax, which works fine. Maybe I can do the same in Linux with
>>> my
>>> ext2 partition, to specify the start and end sectors ('Specify drives
>>> manually..'). But where to start?
>>
>> Start by reading boot messages. They ought to say
>> what devices are found.
>
> Ah, excellent: A IDE controller is found:
>
> CS5530: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:12.2
>
> The according line in lspci:
>
> 00:12.2 0101: 1078:0102
>
> And there are also two IDE interfaces:
>
> PCI: Setting latency timer iof devvice 0000:00:12.0 to 64
>      ide0: BM-DMA at 0xfb00-0xfb07, BIOS settings: hda: pio, hdb: pio
>      ide1: BM-DMA at 0xfb08-0xfb0f, BIOS settings: hdc: pio, hdd: pio
> Probing IDE interface ide0...
> Probing IDE interface ide1...
>
> ..but no devices, which is logical: If there would be devices, I could use
> them via /dev/hd*.
>
> But why is the IDE controller being recognized, while no devices are
> found..?
>
>
>> Try hexdump'ing your sd devices:
>>
>> # dd if=/dev/sda bs=1024 count=1 | hexdump
>>
>> and see whether they give something like boot sector.
>
> 'No such device or address'.. I already tried special devices before,
> forgot to mention.
>
>
> Maybe I just gonna try to get some more information about my hardware and
> recheck my Kernel configuration..
>
> Cheers, milahu
> -

A lot of flash devices emulate a IDE hard disk. With an IDE driver
__installed__, the first one should be /dev/hda, the first partition
should be /dev/hda1, etc. You can use the attached MAKEDEV to
see what the major/minor numbers should be, and make a few in
your initial RAM disk to exeriment.



Cheers,
Dick Johnson
Penguin : Linux version 2.6.16.24 on an i686 machine (5592.62 BogoMips).
New book: http://www.AbominableFirebug.com/
_
\x1a\x04


****************************************************************
The information transmitted in this message is confidential and may be privileged.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination, or other use of this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you are not the intended recipient, please notify Analogic Corporation immediately - by replying to this message or by sending an email to DeliveryErrors@analogic.com - and destroy all copies of this information, including any attachments, without reading or disclosing them.

Thank you.

[-- Attachment #2: MAKEDEV --]
[-- Type: APPLICATION/octet-stream, Size: 16276 bytes --]

Re: Specify devices manually in exotic environment

[linux-os (Dick Johnson)]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 3706 bytes --]


On Wed, 23 Aug 2006, Richard B. Johnson wrote:

> On Wed, 23 Aug 2006, Milan Hauth wrote:
>
>> On Wed, 23 Aug 2006 12:10:27 +0200, Denis Vlasenko
>> <vda.linux@googlemail.com> wrote:
>>
>>>>> mknod /dev/root b "$ROOTMAJ" "$ROOTMIN"
>>>>
>>>> This also did not help -- 'cat: /dev/root: No such device or address'.
>>>> Major/minor is 4/0, as recommended in the kernel docs for /dev/root.
>>>
>>> What cat? Where did I say to cat anything? I said "create new node,
>>> namely, 'root', in the /dev, with the following major/minor#".
>>
>> I did create the root node (b4/0). Just used cat for testing, since I
>> didn't have dd available yet on the initrd. But obviously it did not
>> work.. :-\
>>
>>
>>> If it doesn't work, maybe your initrd is mounted ro.
>>> Remount it rw first. Or mount a ramfs somewhere,
>>> it will give you writable place to play.
>>>
>>>> So where can I find my flash memory..? Again, with GRUB I just had to
>>>> specify the device address (0x80) and the kernel/initrd positions in
>>>> sector syntax, which works fine. Maybe I can do the same in Linux with
>>>> my
>>>> ext2 partition, to specify the start and end sectors ('Specify drives
>>>> manually..'). But where to start?
>>>
>>> Start by reading boot messages. They ought to say
>>> what devices are found.
>>
>> Ah, excellent: A IDE controller is found:
>>
>> CS5530: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:12.2
>>
>> The according line in lspci:
>>
>> 00:12.2 0101: 1078:0102
>>
>> And there are also two IDE interfaces:
>>
>> PCI: Setting latency timer iof devvice 0000:00:12.0 to 64
>>      ide0: BM-DMA at 0xfb00-0xfb07, BIOS settings: hda: pio, hdb: pio
>>      ide1: BM-DMA at 0xfb08-0xfb0f, BIOS settings: hdc: pio, hdd: pio
>> Probing IDE interface ide0...
>> Probing IDE interface ide1...
>>
>> ..but no devices, which is logical: If there would be devices, I could use
>> them via /dev/hd*.
>>
>> But why is the IDE controller being recognized, while no devices are
>> found..?
>>
>>
>>> Try hexdump'ing your sd devices:
>>>
>>> # dd if=/dev/sda bs=1024 count=1 | hexdump
>>>
>>> and see whether they give something like boot sector.
>>
>> 'No such device or address'.. I already tried special devices before,
>> forgot to mention.
>>
>>
>> Maybe I just gonna try to get some more information about my hardware and
>> recheck my Kernel configuration..
>>
>> Cheers, milahu
>> -
>
> A lot of flash devices emulate a IDE hard disk. With an IDE driver
> __installed__, the first one should be /dev/hda, the first partition
> should be /dev/hda1, etc. You can use the attached MAKEDEV to
> see what the major/minor numbers should be, and make a few in
> your initial RAM disk to exeriment.
>

On this "*(!@!+%*^+" distribution, some banana-head substituted
a binary file for what used to be a shell script. Here is the
correct MAKEDEV from an older distribution.


Cheers,
Dick Johnson
Penguin : Linux version 2.6.16.24 on an i686 machine (5592.62 BogoMips).
New book: http://www.AbominableFirebug.com/
_
\x1a\x04


****************************************************************
The information transmitted in this message is confidential and may be privileged.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination, or other use of this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you are not the intended recipient, please notify Analogic Corporation immediately - by replying to this message or by sending an email to DeliveryErrors@analogic.com - and destroy all copies of this information, including any attachments, without reading or disclosing them.

Thank you.

[-- Attachment #2: MAKEDEV --]
[-- Type: TEXT/PLAIN, Size: 14984 bytes --]

#! /bin/sh -

RCSID='$Id: MAKEDEV 2.2 1995/05/21 17:55:14 alfie Exp $'

#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#
# Customisation:
#   The devices fall into various classes.  This section contains the mapping
# from a class name into a group name and permission.
#   You will almost certainly need to edit the group name to match your
# system, and you may change the permissions to suit your preference.  These
# lines _must_ be of the format "user group perm".

 public="  root sys    666"
 system="  root sys    660"
   kmem="  root kmem   660"
    tty="  root tty    666"
   cons="  root tty    622"	# 622 for console?
    vcs="  root sys    600"
dialout="  root uucp   660"
  mouse="  root sys    666"
printer="  root daemon 660"
 floppy="  root disk   660"
   disk="  root disk   660"
   scsi="  root sys    600"
  cdrom="  root disk   660"
   tape="  root disk   660"
  audio="  root sys    666"
  ibcs2="  root sys    666"
scanner="  root sys    666"

MAXVT=8

#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#

procfs=/proc

opt_v=
opt_d=
opt_n=

while [ $# -ge 1 ]
do
	case $1 in
		--)	shift; break ;;
		-v)	shift; opt_v=1 ;;
		-d)	shift; opt_d=1 ;;
		-n)	shift; opt_n=1; opt_v=1 ;;
		-V)	shift; opt_V=1 ;;
		-*)	echo "$0: unknown flag \"$1\"" >&2; exit 1 ;;
		*)	break ;;
	esac
done

if [ "$opt_V" ]
then
	echo "$RCSID"
	exit 0
fi

opts="${opt_n:+-n} ${opt_v:+-v} ${opt_d:+-d}"

#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#

makedev () {	# usage: makedev name [bcu] major minor owner group mode
	if [ "$opt_v" ]
	then	if [ "$opt_d" ]
		then	echo "delete $1"
		else	echo "create $1	$2 $3 $4 $5:$6 $7" 
		fi
	fi
	if [ ! "$opt_n" ]
	then	if [ "$opt_d" ]
		then
			rm -f $1
		else
			mknod $1- $2 $3 $4 &&
			chown $5:$6 $1- &&
			chmod $7 $1- &&
			mv $1- $1
		fi
	fi
}
symlink () {	# usage: symlink name target
	if [ "$opt_v" ]
	then	if [ "$opt_d" ]
		then	echo "delete $1"
		else	echo "create $1	-> $2"
		fi
	fi
	[ ! "$opt_n" ] && rm -f $1 &&
	[ ! "$opt_d" ] && ln -s $2 $1
}

#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#

# For bash and ksh, we can use faster builtin routines to do manipulation,
# otherwise (ash) fall back to slower method using `expr'.
# The extra level of indirection using `eval' is necessary a) for ksh, and
# b) to get past ash.

if [ "$RANDOM" != "$RANDOM" ]
then
	math () {
		eval echo "\$(($*))"
	}
	index () {	# index string c
		eval "I=\${1%$2*}"
		eval echo "\${#I}"
	}
	suffix () {
	    eval echo "\${1#$2}"
	}
	strip () {
		eval echo "\${1% $2 *} \${1#* $2 }"
	}
else
	math () {
		expr "$@"
	}
	index () {	# index string c
		expr $1 : ".*$2" - 1
	}
	suffix () {
		expr "$1" : "$2\(.*\)"
	}
	strip () {
		echo "[$1][$2]" >&2
		echo "`expr \"$1\" : \"\(.*\) $2 \"` `expr \"$1\" : \".* $2 \(.*\)\"`"
	}
fi

#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#---#

devices=
if [ ! -f $procfs/devices ]
then
	echo "$0: warning: can't read $procfs/devices" >&2
else
	exec 3<$procfs/devices
	while read major device <&3
	do
		case "$major" in
			Character|Block|'')
				;;
			*)
				eval "major_$device=$major"
				devices="$devices $device"
				;;
		esac
	done
	exec 3<&-
fi

Major () {
	device=$2
	if [ "$opt_d" ]
	then
		echo -1	# don't care
	else
		eval echo \${major_$1:-\${device:?\"unknown major number for $1\"}}
	fi
}

cvt () {
	while [ $# -ne 0 ]
	do
		case "$1" in
			mem|tty|ttyp|cua|cub)	;;
			hd|ide0)	echo hda hdb ;;
			ide1)	echo hdc hdd ;;
			sd)	echo sda sdb ;;
			sr)	echo scd0 ;;
			st)	echo st0 ;;
			xd)	echo xda xdb ;;
			fd)	echo fd0 fd1 ;;
			lp)	echo lp ;;
			mt)	echo ftape ;;
			loop)	echo loop ;;
			md)	echo md ;;
			ibcs2)	echo ibcs2 ;;
			tpqic02)	echo qic ;;
			sound)		echo audio ;;
			logiscan)	echo logiscan ;;
			ac4096)		echo ac4096 ;;
			hw)	echo helloworld ;;
			sbpcd | sbpcd[123])	echo $1 ;;
			Joystick)	echo js ;;
			apm_bios)	echo apm ;;
			dcf)		echo dcf ;;
			aztcd)		echo aztcd ;;
			pcmcia)	;; # taken care of by its own driver
			ttyC)	echo cyclades ;;
			vcs)	;;
			*)	echo "$0: don't know what \"$1\" is" >&2 ;;
		esac
		shift
	done
}

for arg
do
	case $arg in
	generic)
		$0 $opts std
		$0 $opts fd
		$0 $opts fd0 fd1
		$0 $opts hda hdb
		$0 $opts xda xdb
		$0 $opts sda sdb
		$0 $opts ptyp ptyq ptyr ptys
		$0 $opts console
		$0 $opts ttyS0 ttyS1 ttyS2 ttyS3
		$0 $opts busmice
		$0 $opts lp
		$0 $opts par
		;;
	local)
		$0.local $opts
		;;
	std)
		makedev mem  c 1 1 $kmem
		makedev kmem c 1 2 $kmem
		makedev null c 1 3 $public
		makedev port c 1 4 $kmem
		makedev zero c 1 5 $public
		symlink core $procfs/kcore
		makedev full c 1 7 $public
		makedev ram  b 1 1 $disk
		makedev tty  c 5 0 $tty
		;;
	console)
		major=`Major vcs`	# not fatal
		# console
		makedev tty0 c 4 0 $cons
		symlink console tty0
		[ "$major" ] && makedev vcs0 c $major 0 $vcs
		[ "$major" ] && makedev vcsa c $major 128 $vcs
		# individual vts
		line=1
		while [ $line -le $MAXVT -a $line -le 63 ]
		do
			makedev tty$line c 4 $line $tty
			[ "$major" ] && makedev vcs$line c $major $line $vcs
			[ "$major" ] && makedev vcsa$line c $major `math $line + 128` $vcs
			line=`math $line + 1`
		done
		;;
	tty[1-9]|tty[1-5][0-9]|tty[6][0-3])
		line=`suffix $arg tty`
		makedev tty$line c 4 $line $tty
		;;
	ttyS[0-9]|ttyS[1-5][0-9]|ttyS[6][0-3])
		line=`suffix $arg ttyS`
		minor=`math 64 + $line`
		makedev ttyS$line c 4 $minor $tty
		makedev cua$line c 5 $minor $dialout
		;;
	pty[p-s])
		# Currently limited to 64 master/slave pairs.
		bank=`suffix $arg pty`
		base=`index pqrs $bank`
		base=`math $base \* 16`
		for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
		do
			j=`index 0123456789abcdef $i`
			makedev pty$bank$i c 4 `math 128 + $base + $j` $tty
			makedev tty$bank$i c 4 `math 192 + $base + $j` $tty
		done
		;;
	cyclades)
		major1=`Major ttyC` || continue
		major2=`Major cub` || continue
		for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 # 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
		do
			makedev ttyC$i c $major1 `math 32 + $i` $tty
			makedev cub$i c $major2 `math 32 + $i` $dialout
		done
		;;
	lp)
		major=`Major lp` || continue
		makedev ${arg}0 c $major 0 $printer
		makedev ${arg}1 c $major 1 $printer
		makedev ${arg}2 c $major 2 $printer
		;;
	par)
		major=`Major lp` || continue
		makedev ${arg}0 c $major 0 $printer
		makedev ${arg}1 c $major 1 $printer
		makedev ${arg}2 c $major 2 $printer
		;;
	busmice)
		major=`Major mouse 10` || continue
		makedev logimouse c $major 0 $mouse
		makedev psmouse   c $major 1 $mouse
		makedev msmouse   c $major 2 $mouse
		makedev atimouse  c $major 3 $mouse
		makedev jmouse    c $major 4 $mouse
		;;
	js)
		major=`Major Joystick` || continue
		makedev js0 c $major 0 $mouse
		makedev js1 c $major 1 $mouse
		;;
	fd[0-7])
		major=`Major fd 2` || continue
		base=`suffix $arg fd`
		if [ $base -ge 4 ]
		then
			base=`math $base + 124`
		fi
		makedev ${arg} b $major $base $floppy
		makedev ${arg}d360  b $major `math $base +  4` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}h1200 b $major `math $base +  8` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}D360  b $major `math $base + 12` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}D720  b $major `math $base + 16` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}h360  b $major `math $base + 20` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}h720  b $major `math $base + 24` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H1440 b $major `math $base + 28` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}E2880 b $major `math $base + 32` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}CompaQ b $major `math $base + 36` $floppy

		symlink ${arg}H360 ${arg}D360
		symlink ${arg}H720 ${arg}D720

		makedev ${arg}h1440 b $major `math $base + 40` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H1680 b $major `math $base + 44` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}h410  b $major `math $base + 48` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H820  b $major `math $base + 52` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}h1476 b $major `math $base + 56` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H1722 b $major `math $base + 60` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}h420  b $major `math $base + 64` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H830  b $major `math $base + 68` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}h1494 b $major `math $base + 72` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H1743 b $major `math $base + 76` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}h880  b $major `math $base + 80` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}D1040 b $major `math $base + 84` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}D1120 b $major `math $base + 88` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}h1600 b $major `math $base + 92` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H1760 b $major `math $base + 96` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H1920 b $major `math $base + 100` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}E3200 b $major `math $base + 104` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}E3520 b $major `math $base + 108` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}E3840 b $major `math $base + 112` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H1840 b $major `math $base + 116` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}D800  b $major `math $base + 120` $floppy
		makedev ${arg}H1600 b $major `math $base + 124` $floppy
		;;
	hd[a-b])
		major=`Major ide0` || major=`Major hd 3` || continue
		unit=`suffix $arg hd`
		base=`index ab $unit`
		base=`math $base \* 64`
		makedev hd$unit b $major $base $disk
		for part in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
		do
			makedev hd$unit$part b $major `math $base + $part` $disk
		done
		;;
	hd[c-d])
		major=`Major ide1 22` || continue
		unit=`suffix $arg hd`
		base=`index cd $unit`
		base=`math $base \* 64`
		makedev hd$unit b $major $base $disk
		for part in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
		do
			makedev hd$unit$part b $major `expr $base + $part` $disk
		done
		;;
	xd[a-d])
		major=`Major xd 13` || continue
		unit=`suffix $arg xd`
		base=`index abcd $unit`
		base=`math $base \* 64`
		makedev xd$unit b $major $base $disk
		for part in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
		do
			makedev xd$unit$part b $major `expr $base + $part` $disk
		done
		;;
	sd[a-h])
		major=`Major sd 8` || continue
		unit=`suffix $arg sd`
		base=`index abcdefgh $unit`
		base=`math $base \* 16`
		makedev sd$unit b $major $base $disk
		for part in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
		do
			minor=`expr $base + $part`
			makedev sd$unit$part b $major $minor $disk
		done
		;;
	loop)
		major=`Major loop` || continue
		for part in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
		do
			makedev loop$part b $major $part $disk
		done
		;;
	md)
		major=`Major md` || continue
		for part in 0 1 2 3
		do
			makedev md$part b $major $part $disk
		done
		;;
	st[0-7])
		major=`Major st 9`
		unit=`suffix $arg st`
		makedev st$unit c $major $unit $tape
		makedev nst$unit c $major `math 128 + $unit` $tape
		;;
	qic)
		major=`Major tpqic02 12`
		makedev rmt8       c $major   6 $tape
		makedev rmt16      c $major   8 $tape
		makedev tape-d     c $major 136 $tape
		makedev tape-reset c $major 255 $tape
		;;
	ftape)
		major=`Major mt 27` || continue
		for unit in 0 1 2 3
		do
			makedev rft$unit c $major $unit $tape
			makedev nrft$unit c $major `math $unit + 4` $tape
		done
		symlink ftape rft0
		symlink nftape nrft0
		;;
	scd[0-7])
		major=`Major sr 11` || continue
		unit=`suffix $arg scd`
		makedev scd$unit b $major $unit $cdrom
		;;
	sonycd)
		major=`Major cdu31a` || continue
		makedev $arg b $major 0 $cdrom
		;;
	mcd)
		major=`Major mcd 23` || continue
		makedev $arg b $major 0 $cdrom
		;;
	cdu535)
		makedev $arg b 24 0 $cdrom
		;;
	lmscd)
		makedev $arg b 24 0 $cdrom
		;;
	sbpcd|sbpcd[123])
		major=`Major $arg` || continue
		base=`suffix ${arg}0 sbpcd`
		# base=`expr ${arg}0 : "sbpcd\(.\)"`
		for minor in 0 1 2 3
		do
			# XXX
			unit=`expr substr 0123456789abcdef \( $base \* 4 + $minor + 1 \) 1`
			makedev sbpcd$unit b $major $minor $cdrom
		done
		[ $arg = sbpcd ] && symlink $arg ${arg}0
		;;
	aztcd)
		major=`Major $arg` || continue
		makedev ${arg}0 b $major 0 $cdrom
		;;
	logiscan)
		major=`Major logiscan` || continue
		makedev $arg c $major 0 $scanner
		;;
	m105scan)
		major=`Major m105` || continue
		makedev $arg c $major 0 $scanner
		;;
	ac4096)
		major=`Major ac4096` || continue
		makedev $arg c $major 0 $scanner
		;;
	audio)
		major=`Major sound 14`
		makedev mixer      c $major  0 $audio
		makedev sequencer  c $major  1 $audio
		makedev midi00     c $major  2 $audio
		makedev dsp        c $major  3 $audio
		makedev audio      c $major  4 $audio
		makedev sndstat    c $major  6 $audio
#		makedev sequencer2 c $major  8 $audio
		makedev mixer1     c $major 16 $audio
#		makedev patmgr0    c $major 17 $audio
		makedev midi01     c $major 18 $audio
		makedev dsp1       c $major 19 $audio
		makedev audio1     c $major 20 $audio
#		makedev patmgr1    c $major 33 $audio
		makedev midi02     c $major 34 $audio
		makedev midi03     c $major 50 $audio
		;;
	pcaudio)
		major=`Major pcsp` || continue
		makedev pcmixer c $major 0 $audio
		makedev pcsp    c $major 3 $audio
		makedev pcaudio c $major 4 $audio
		;;
	sg)
		major=`Major sg 21`
		for unit in a b c d e f g h
		do
			minor=`index abcdefgh $unit`
			# minor=`expr abcdefgh : ".*$unit" - 1`
			makedev $arg$unit c $major $minor $scsi
		done
		;;
	fd)
		# not really devices, we use the /proc filesystem
		symlink fd     $procfs/self/fd
		symlink stdin  fd/0
		symlink stdout fd/1
		symlink stderr fd/2
		;;
	ibcs2)
		major=`Major ibcs2` || continue
		makedev socksys c $major 0 $ibcs2
		symlink nfsd socksys
		makedev spx     c $major 1 $ibcs2
		symlink X0R null
		;;
	apm)
		major=`Major apm_bios` || continue
		makedev $arg c $major 0 $system
		;;
	dcf)
		major=`Major dcf` || continue
		makedev $arg c $major 0 $system
		;;
	helloworld)
		major=`Major hw` || continue
		makedev helloworld c $major 0 $public
		;;
	update)
		if [ ! "$devices" ]
		then
			echo "$0: don't appear to have any devices" >&2
			continue
		fi
		if [ "$opt_d" ]
		then
			echo "$0: can't delete an update" >&2
			continue
		fi
		create=
		delete=
		devs="$devices"
		if [ -f DEVICES ]
		then
			exec 3<DEVICES
			while read device major <&3
			do
				eval now=\$major_$device
				if [ "$now" = "" ]
				then
					delete="$delete `cvt $device`"
					continue
				elif [ "$now" != $major ]
				then
					create="$create "`cvt $device`
				fi
				devs=`strip " $devs " $device`
				# devs=`expr "$devs" : "\(.*\) $device"``expr "$devs" : ".* $device\(.*\)"`
			done
			exec 3<&-
		fi
		create="$create "`cvt $devs`
		[ "$delete" != "" ] && $0 $opts -d $delete
		[ "$create" != " " ] && $0 $opts $create
		[ "$opt_n" ] && continue
		for device in $devices
		do
			if [ "`cvt $device`" ]
			then
			    eval echo $device \$major_$device
			fi
		done > DEVICES
		;;
	*)
		echo "$0: don't know how to make device \"$arg\"" >&2
		;;
	esac
done

exit 0

Re: Specify devices manually in exotic environment

[Milan Hauth]

On Thu, 24 Aug 2006 11:08:52 +0200, Denis Vlasenko  
<vda.linux@googlemail.com> wrote:

> On Wednesday 23 August 2006 21:40, Milan Hauth wrote:
>> I have tried MTD's NAND module according this [1] document, but it also
>> did not work.
>>
>> As Richard B. Johnson <linux-os@analogic.com> already mentioned, a  
>> regular
>> IDE interface has to be emulated. Somehow. Anyhow.
>
> Yes, I never saw flash-based IDE devices, but they exist, that's true.
> However, it's not necessarily what you have.
> I think that IDE devices should be detected by kernel at boot-up.
> You say that they are not. That's why I'm inclined to think
> your flash memory is not IDEish.

What I also forgot to mention is, that it's a SmartMedia Flash Card I have  
here, which is told to always identify as a IDE device.


> lsusb? Or if you have no lsusb, then:
>
> # mount | grep usb
> none on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw)

Ohh, that's why lsusb never worked.. but you won't like the current result:

Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046a:002b Cherry GmbH  -->  Keyboard
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0451:2046 Texas Instruments, Inc. TUSB2046 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000  -->  What the..?


But I'm afraid I broke my SMC, while playing around with my disassembled  
T20, since GRUB hangs with 'GRUB _' without having changed anything in the  
software. D'oh!

That's why I can't test with 'USB Mass Storage' support in the kernel at  
the moment, which would probably uncover the mysterious '0000:0000' USB  
device. Gonna try again next week with a new SMC.

Cheers, milahu