nvdimm.lists.linux.dev archive mirror
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
To: dan.j.williams@intel.com
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com, alison.schofield@intel.com,
	keyrings@vger.kernel.org, keescook@chromium.org,
	linux-nvdimm@lists.01.org
Subject: [PATCH v5 04/12] nfit/libnvdimm: add unlock of nvdimm support for Intel DIMMs
Date: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 13:54:26 -0700	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <153186086679.27463.8719157064779944587.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <153186061802.27463.14539931103401173743.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com>

Add support to allow query the security status of the Intel nvdimms and
also unlock the dimm via the kernel key management APIs. The passphrase is
expected to be pulled from userspace through keyutils. Moving the Intel
related bits to its own source file as well.

Signed-off-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
---
 drivers/acpi/nfit/Makefile |    1 
 drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c   |    3 +
 drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.c  |  151 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.h  |   16 +++++
 drivers/nvdimm/dimm.c      |    7 ++
 drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c |  108 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h   |    2 +
 drivers/nvdimm/nd.h        |    2 +
 include/linux/libnvdimm.h  |   23 ++++++-
 9 files changed, 310 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.c

diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit/Makefile b/drivers/acpi/nfit/Makefile
index a407e769f103..443c7ef4e6a6 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/nfit/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_NFIT) := nfit.o
 nfit-y := core.o
+nfit-$(CONFIG_X86) += intel.o
 nfit-$(CONFIG_X86_MCE) += mce.o
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c b/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c
index 21235d555b5f..9cb6a108ecba 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c
@@ -1904,7 +1904,8 @@ static int acpi_nfit_register_dimms(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc)
 		nvdimm = nvdimm_create(acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus, nfit_mem,
 				acpi_nfit_dimm_attribute_groups,
 				flags, cmd_mask, flush ? flush->hint_count : 0,
-				nfit_mem->flush_wpq, &nfit_mem->id[0]);
+				nfit_mem->flush_wpq, &nfit_mem->id[0],
+				acpi_nfit_get_security_ops(nfit_mem->family));
 		if (!nvdimm)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.c b/drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9155b8e63f0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright(c) 2018 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. */
+/*
+ * Intel specific NFIT ops
+ */
+#include <linux/libnvdimm.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/ndctl.h>
+#include <linux/sysfs.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/acpi.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
+#include <linux/nd.h>
+#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
+#include <asm/smp.h>
+#include <acpi/nfit.h>
+#include "intel.h"
+#include "nfit.h"
+
+static int intel_dimm_security_unlock(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
+		struct nvdimm *nvdimm, struct nvdimm_key_data *nkey)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc = to_nd_desc(nvdimm_bus);
+	int cmd_rc, rc = 0;
+	struct nfit_mem *nfit_mem = nvdimm_provider_data(nvdimm);
+	struct {
+		struct nd_cmd_pkg pkg;
+		struct nd_intel_unlock_unit cmd;
+	} nd_cmd = {
+		.pkg = {
+			.nd_command = NVDIMM_INTEL_UNLOCK_UNIT,
+			.nd_family = NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL,
+			.nd_size_in = ND_INTEL_PASSPHRASE_SIZE,
+			.nd_size_out = ND_INTEL_STATUS_SIZE,
+			.nd_fw_size = ND_INTEL_STATUS_SIZE,
+		},
+		.cmd = {
+			.status = 0,
+		},
+	};
+
+	if (!test_bit(NVDIMM_INTEL_UNLOCK_UNIT, &nfit_mem->dsm_mask))
+		return -ENOTTY;
+
+	memcpy(nd_cmd.cmd.passphrase, nkey->data, ND_INTEL_PASSPHRASE_SIZE);
+	rc = nd_desc->ndctl(nd_desc, nvdimm, ND_CMD_CALL, &nd_cmd,
+			sizeof(nd_cmd), &cmd_rc);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (cmd_rc < 0) {
+		rc = cmd_rc;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	switch (nd_cmd.cmd.status) {
+	case 0:
+		break;
+	case ND_INTEL_STATUS_INVALID_PASS:
+		rc = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	case ND_INTEL_STATUS_INVALID_STATE:
+	default:
+		rc = -ENXIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * TODO: define a cross arch wbinvd when/if NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL
+	 * support arrives on another arch.
+	 */
+	/* DIMM unlocked, invalidate all CPU caches before we read it */
+	wbinvd_on_all_cpus();
+
+ out:
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int intel_dimm_security_state(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
+		struct nvdimm *nvdimm, enum nvdimm_security_state *state)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc = to_nd_desc(nvdimm_bus);
+	int cmd_rc, rc = 0;
+	struct nfit_mem *nfit_mem = nvdimm_provider_data(nvdimm);
+	struct {
+		struct nd_cmd_pkg pkg;
+		struct nd_intel_get_security_state cmd;
+	} nd_cmd = {
+		.pkg = {
+			.nd_command = NVDIMM_INTEL_GET_SECURITY_STATE,
+			.nd_family = NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL,
+			.nd_size_in = 0,
+			.nd_size_out =
+				sizeof(struct nd_intel_get_security_state),
+			.nd_fw_size =
+				sizeof(struct nd_intel_get_security_state),
+		},
+		.cmd = {
+			.status = 0,
+			.state = 0,
+		},
+	};
+
+	if (!test_bit(NVDIMM_INTEL_GET_SECURITY_STATE, &nfit_mem->dsm_mask)) {
+		*state = NVDIMM_SECURITY_UNSUPPORTED;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	*state = NVDIMM_SECURITY_DISABLED;
+	rc = nd_desc->ndctl(nd_desc, nvdimm, ND_CMD_CALL, &nd_cmd,
+			sizeof(nd_cmd), &cmd_rc);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (cmd_rc < 0) {
+		rc = cmd_rc;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	switch (nd_cmd.cmd.status) {
+	case 0:
+		break;
+	case ND_INTEL_STATUS_RETRY:
+		rc = -EAGAIN;
+		goto out;
+	case ND_INTEL_STATUS_NOT_READY:
+	default:
+		rc = -ENXIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* check and see if security is enabled and locked */
+	if (nd_cmd.cmd.state & ND_INTEL_SEC_STATE_UNSUPPORTED)
+		*state = NVDIMM_SECURITY_UNSUPPORTED;
+	else if (nd_cmd.cmd.state & ND_INTEL_SEC_STATE_ENABLED) {
+		if (nd_cmd.cmd.state & ND_INTEL_SEC_STATE_LOCKED)
+			*state = NVDIMM_SECURITY_LOCKED;
+		else
+			*state = NVDIMM_SECURITY_UNLOCKED;
+	} else
+		*state = NVDIMM_SECURITY_DISABLED;
+
+ out:
+	if (rc < 0)
+		*state = NVDIMM_SECURITY_INVALID;
+	return rc;
+}
+
+struct nvdimm_security_ops intel_security_ops = {
+	.state = intel_dimm_security_state,
+	.unlock = intel_dimm_security_unlock,
+};
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.h b/drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.h
index f60dbcbc5f33..de722420e3b3 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.h
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/intel.h
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
 
+extern struct nvdimm_security_ops intel_security_ops;
+
 #define ND_INTEL_STATUS_SIZE		4
 #define ND_INTEL_PASSPHRASE_SIZE	32
 
@@ -62,6 +64,20 @@ struct nd_intel_overwrite {
 struct nd_intel_query_overwrite {
 	u32 status;
 } __packed;
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_X86 */
 
+static inline struct nvdimm_security_ops *
+acpi_nfit_get_security_ops(int family)
+{
+	switch (family) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86
+	case NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL:
+		return &intel_security_ops;
+#endif
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/dimm.c b/drivers/nvdimm/dimm.c
index 6c8fb7590838..b6381ddbd6c1 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/dimm.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/dimm.c
@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@ static int nvdimm_probe(struct device *dev)
 	get_device(dev);
 	kref_init(&ndd->kref);
 
+	nvdimm_security_get_state(dev);
+
+	/* unlock DIMM here before touch label */
+	rc = nvdimm_security_unlock_dimm(dev);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		dev_warn(dev, "failed to unlock dimm %s\n", dev_name(dev));
+
 	/*
 	 * EACCES failures reading the namespace label-area-properties
 	 * are interpreted as the DIMM capacity being locked but the
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c
index 1a32ef8cce4c..7600bbbb8a91 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c
@@ -67,6 +67,110 @@ static void nvdimm_key_destroy(struct key *key)
 	kfree(key->payload.data[0]);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Find key in kernel keyring
+ */
+static struct key *nvdimm_search_key(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nvdimm *nvdimm = to_nvdimm(dev);
+	char *desc;
+	key_ref_t keyref;
+	struct key *key = NULL;
+
+	if (!nvdimm->security_ops)
+		return NULL;
+
+	desc = kzalloc(NVDIMM_KEY_DESC_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!desc)
+		return NULL;
+
+	keyref = keyring_search(make_key_ref(nvdimm_cred->thread_keyring, 1),
+			&nvdimm_key_type, nvdimm->dimm_id);
+	if (IS_ERR(keyref))
+		key = NULL;
+	else
+		key = key_ref_to_ptr(keyref);
+
+	kfree(desc);
+	return key;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Retrieve kernel key for DIMM and request from user space if necessary.
+ */
+static struct key *nvdimm_request_key(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nvdimm *nvdimm = to_nvdimm(dev);
+	struct key *key = NULL;
+
+	if (!nvdimm->security_ops)
+		return NULL;
+
+	key = request_key(&nvdimm_key_type, nvdimm->dimm_id, nvdimm->dimm_id);
+	if (IS_ERR(key))
+		key = NULL;
+
+	return key;
+}
+
+int nvdimm_security_get_state(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nvdimm *nvdimm = to_nvdimm(dev);
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+
+	if (!nvdimm->security_ops)
+		return 0;
+
+	return nvdimm->security_ops->state(nvdimm_bus, nvdimm,
+			&nvdimm->state);
+}
+
+int nvdimm_security_unlock_dimm(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nvdimm *nvdimm = to_nvdimm(dev);
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+	struct key *key;
+	int rc;
+	void *payload;
+	bool cached_key = false;
+
+	if (!nvdimm->security_ops)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (nvdimm->state == NVDIMM_SECURITY_UNLOCKED ||
+			nvdimm->state == NVDIMM_SECURITY_UNSUPPORTED ||
+			nvdimm->state == NVDIMM_SECURITY_DISABLED)
+		return 0;
+
+	key = nvdimm_search_key(dev);
+	if (!key)
+		key = nvdimm_request_key(dev);
+	else
+		cached_key = true;
+	if (!key)
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s: key: %#x\n", __func__, key->serial);
+	down_read(&key->sem);
+	payload = key->payload.data[0];
+	rc = nvdimm->security_ops->unlock(nvdimm_bus, nvdimm, payload);
+	up_read(&key->sem);
+
+	if (rc == 0) {
+		if (!cached_key)
+			key_link(nvdimm_cred->thread_keyring, key);
+		nvdimm->state = NVDIMM_SECURITY_UNLOCKED;
+		dev_info(dev, "DIMM %s unlocked\n", dev_name(dev));
+	} else {
+		key_invalidate(key);
+		dev_warn(dev, "Failed to unlock dimm: %s\n", dev_name(dev));
+	}
+
+	key_put(key);
+	nvdimm_security_get_state(dev);
+	return rc;
+}
+
 /*
  * Retrieve bus and dimm handle and return if this bus supports
  * get_config_data commands
@@ -440,7 +544,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_attribute_group);
 struct nvdimm *nvdimm_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, void *provider_data,
 		const struct attribute_group **groups, unsigned long flags,
 		unsigned long cmd_mask, int num_flush,
-		struct resource *flush_wpq, const char *dimm_id)
+		struct resource *flush_wpq, const char *dimm_id,
+		struct nvdimm_security_ops *sec_ops)
 {
 	struct nvdimm *nvdimm = kzalloc(sizeof(*nvdimm), GFP_KERNEL);
 	struct device *dev;
@@ -455,6 +560,7 @@ struct nvdimm *nvdimm_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, void *provider_data,
 	}
 
 	nvdimm->dimm_id = dimm_id;
+	nvdimm->security_ops = sec_ops;
 	nvdimm->provider_data = provider_data;
 	nvdimm->flags = flags;
 	nvdimm->cmd_mask = cmd_mask;
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h b/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h
index ed650f1607d8..90f199d0ace2 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ struct nvdimm {
 	int id, num_flush;
 	struct resource *flush_wpq;
 	const char *dimm_id;
+	struct nvdimm_security_ops *security_ops;
+	enum nvdimm_security_state state;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h b/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h
index 9d17abd9f8d0..9c80e0f8c327 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h
@@ -424,4 +424,6 @@ static inline bool is_bad_pmem(struct badblocks *bb, sector_t sector,
 resource_size_t nd_namespace_blk_validate(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk);
 const u8 *nd_dev_to_uuid(struct device *dev);
 bool pmem_should_map_pages(struct device *dev);
+int nvdimm_security_unlock_dimm(struct device *dev);
+int nvdimm_security_get_state(struct device *dev);
 #endif /* __ND_H__ */
diff --git a/include/linux/libnvdimm.h b/include/linux/libnvdimm.h
index 6d0247b95e6f..692217f82c6e 100644
--- a/include/linux/libnvdimm.h
+++ b/include/linux/libnvdimm.h
@@ -157,9 +157,29 @@ static inline struct nd_blk_region_desc *to_blk_region_desc(
 
 extern struct key_type nvdimm_key_type;
 
+enum nvdimm_security_state {
+	NVDIMM_SECURITY_INVALID = 0,
+	NVDIMM_SECURITY_DISABLED,
+	NVDIMM_SECURITY_UNLOCKED,
+	NVDIMM_SECURITY_LOCKED,
+	NVDIMM_SECURITY_UNSUPPORTED,
+};
+
 #define NVDIMM_PASSPHRASE_LEN		32
 #define NVDIMM_KEY_DESC_LEN		25
 
+struct nvdimm_key_data {
+	u8 data[NVDIMM_PASSPHRASE_LEN];
+};
+
+struct nvdimm_security_ops {
+	int (*state)(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
+			struct nvdimm *nvdimm,
+			enum nvdimm_security_state *state);
+	int (*unlock)(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
+			struct nvdimm *nvdimm, struct nvdimm_key_data *nkey);
+};
+
 void badrange_init(struct badrange *badrange);
 int badrange_add(struct badrange *badrange, u64 addr, u64 length);
 void badrange_forget(struct badrange *badrange, phys_addr_t start,
@@ -183,7 +203,8 @@ void *nvdimm_provider_data(struct nvdimm *nvdimm);
 struct nvdimm *nvdimm_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, void *provider_data,
 		const struct attribute_group **groups, unsigned long flags,
 		unsigned long cmd_mask, int num_flush,
-		struct resource *flush_wpq, const char *dimm_id);
+		struct resource *flush_wpq, const char *dimm_id,
+		struct nvdimm_security_ops *sec_ops);
 const struct nd_cmd_desc *nd_cmd_dimm_desc(int cmd);
 const struct nd_cmd_desc *nd_cmd_bus_desc(int cmd);
 u32 nd_cmd_in_size(struct nvdimm *nvdimm, int cmd,

_______________________________________________
Linux-nvdimm mailing list
Linux-nvdimm@lists.01.org
https://lists.01.org/mailman/listinfo/linux-nvdimm

  parent reply	other threads:[~2018-07-17 20:54 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 45+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2018-07-17 20:54 [PATCH v5 00/12] Adding security support for nvdimm Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 20:54 ` [PATCH v5 01/12] nfit: add support for Intel DSM 1.7 commands Dave Jiang
2018-07-18 17:02   ` Elliott, Robert (Persistent Memory)
2018-07-17 20:54 ` [PATCH v5 02/12] libnvdimm: create keyring to store security keys Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 23:56   ` Eric Biggers
2018-07-17 20:54 ` [PATCH v5 03/12] nfit/libnvdimm: store dimm id as a member to struct nvdimm Dave Jiang
2018-07-18 15:40   ` Elliott, Robert (Persistent Memory)
2018-07-18 15:49     ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 20:54 ` Dave Jiang [this message]
2018-07-18  0:00   ` [PATCH v5 04/12] nfit/libnvdimm: add unlock of nvdimm support for Intel DIMMs Eric Biggers
2018-07-17 20:54 ` [PATCH v5 05/12] keys: add call key_put_sync() to flush key_gc_work when doing a key_put() Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 23:53   ` Eric Biggers
2018-07-17 23:58     ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 20:54 ` [PATCH v5 06/12] nfit/libnvdimm: add set passphrase support for Intel nvdimms Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 20:54 ` [PATCH v5 07/12] nfit/libnvdimm: add disable passphrase support to Intel nvdimm Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 20:54 ` [PATCH v5 08/12] nfit/libnvdimm: add freeze security " Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 20:54 ` [PATCH v5 09/12] nfit/libnvdimm: add support for issue secure erase DSM " Dave Jiang
2018-07-18 17:27   ` Elliott, Robert (Persistent Memory)
2018-07-18 17:41     ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-19  1:43       ` Elliott, Robert (Persistent Memory)
2018-07-19  6:09         ` Li, Juston
2018-07-19 20:06         ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 20:55 ` [PATCH v5 10/12] nfit_test: add context to dimm_dev for nfit_test Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 20:55 ` [PATCH v5 11/12] nfit_test: add test support for Intel nvdimm security DSMs Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 20:55 ` [PATCH v5 12/12] libnvdimm: add documentation for nvdimm security support Dave Jiang
2018-07-17 23:26 ` [PATCH v5 00/12] Adding security support for nvdimm Eric Biggers
2018-07-17 23:37   ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-18 10:40 ` [PATCH v5 05/12] keys: add call key_put_sync() to flush key_gc_work when doing a key_put() David Howells
2018-07-18 10:50 ` [PATCH v5 02/12] libnvdimm: create keyring to store security keys David Howells
2018-07-18 19:40   ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-18 20:38   ` David Howells
2018-07-18 11:14 ` [PATCH v5 06/12] nfit/libnvdimm: add set passphrase support for Intel nvdimms David Howells
2018-07-18 16:05   ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-18 19:47     ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-18 20:41     ` David Howells
2018-07-18 20:47       ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-19  0:28   ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-19  8:22   ` David Howells
2018-07-19 21:28     ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-20  0:04       ` Dave Jiang
2018-07-20 15:40     ` David Howells
2018-07-20 16:40       ` Dave Jiang
2018-08-02 11:07       ` David Howells
2018-07-18 11:17 ` [PATCH v5 05/12] keys: add call key_put_sync() to flush key_gc_work when doing a key_put() David Howells
2018-07-18 11:20 ` [PATCH v5 06/12] nfit/libnvdimm: add set passphrase support for Intel nvdimms David Howells

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=153186086679.27463.8719157064779944587.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com \
    --to=dave.jiang@intel.com \
    --cc=alison.schofield@intel.com \
    --cc=dan.j.williams@intel.com \
    --cc=dhowells@redhat.com \
    --cc=keescook@chromium.org \
    --cc=keyrings@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-nvdimm@lists.01.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).