[RFC PATCH v2 0/2] Share PMDs for FS/DAX on x86

[RFC PATCH v2 0/2] Share PMDs for FS/DAX on x86

[Larry Bassel]

Changes from v1 to v2:

* Rebased on v5.2-rc3

* An incorrect reference to "page table entries" was fixed (pointed
out by Kirill Shutemov)

* Renamed CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
to CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE instead of introducing
a new config option (suggested by Dan Williams)

* Removed some unnecessary #ifdef stubs (suggested by Matt Wilcox)

* A previously overlooked case involving mprotect() is now handled
properly (pointed out by Mike Kravetz)

---

This patchset implements sharing of page tables pointing
to 2MiB pages (PMDs) for FS/DAX on x86.

Only shared mmapings of files (i.e. neither private mmapings nor
anonymous pages) are eligible for PMD sharing.

Due to the characteristics of DAX, this code is simpler and
less intrusive than the general case would be.

In our use case (high end Oracle database using DAX/XFS/PMEM/2MiB
pages) there would be significant memory savings.

A future system might have 6 TiB of PMEM on it and
there might be 10000 processes each mapping all of this 6 TiB.
Here the savings would be approximately
(6 TiB / 2 MiB) * 8 bytes (page table size) * 10000 = 240 GiB
(and these page tables themselves would probably be in
non-PMEM (ordinary RAM)).

There would also be a reduction in page faults because in
some cases the page fault has already been satisfied and
the page table entry has been filled in (and so the processes
after the first would not take a fault).

The code for detecting whether PMDs can be shared and
the implementation of sharing and unsharing is based
on, but somewhat different than that in mm/hugetlb.c,
though some of the code from this file could be reused and
thus was made non-static.

Larry Bassel (2):
  Rename CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE to
    CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
  Implement sharing/unsharing of PMDs for FS/DAX

 arch/arm64/Kconfig          |   2 +-
 arch/arm64/mm/hugetlbpage.c |   2 +-
 arch/x86/Kconfig            |   2 +-
 include/linux/hugetlb.h     |   4 ++
 mm/huge_memory.c            |  37 +++++++++++++++
 mm/hugetlb.c                |  14 +++---
 mm/memory.c                 | 108 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 7 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

-- 
1.8.3.1

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[RFC PATCH v2 1/2] Rename CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE to CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE

[Larry Bassel]

Signed-off-by: Larry Bassel <larry.bassel@oracle.com>
---
 arch/arm64/Kconfig          | 2 +-
 arch/arm64/mm/hugetlbpage.c | 2 +-
 arch/x86/Kconfig            | 2 +-
 mm/hugetlb.c                | 6 +++---
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/Kconfig b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
index 697ea05..36d6189 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ config HW_PERF_EVENTS
 config SYS_SUPPORTS_HUGETLBFS
 	def_bool y
 
-config ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
+config ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
 	def_bool y if ARM64_4K_PAGES || (ARM64_16K_PAGES && !ARM64_VA_BITS_36)
 
 config ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/hugetlbpage.c b/arch/arm64/mm/hugetlbpage.c
index f475e54..4f3cb3f 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/hugetlbpage.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/hugetlbpage.c
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ pte_t *huge_pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		 */
 		ptep = pte_alloc_map(mm, pmdp, addr);
 	} else if (sz == PMD_SIZE) {
-		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE) &&
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE) &&
 		    pud_none(READ_ONCE(*pudp)))
 			ptep = huge_pmd_share(mm, addr, pudp);
 		else
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index 2bbbd4d..fdbddb9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ config ARCH_HIBERNATION_POSSIBLE
 config ARCH_SUSPEND_POSSIBLE
 	def_bool y
 
-config ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
+config ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
 	def_bool y
 
 config ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
index ac843d3..3a54c9d 100644
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -4652,7 +4652,7 @@ long hugetlb_unreserve_pages(struct inode *inode, long start, long end,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
 static unsigned long page_table_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *svma,
 				struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 				unsigned long addr, pgoff_t idx)
@@ -4807,7 +4807,7 @@ int huge_pmd_unshare(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long *addr, pte_t *ptep)
 	return 1;
 }
 #define want_pmd_share()	(1)
-#else /* !CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE */
+#else /* !CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE */
 pte_t *huge_pmd_share(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr, pud_t *pud)
 {
 	return NULL;
@@ -4823,7 +4823,7 @@ void adjust_range_if_pmd_sharing_possible(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 {
 }
 #define want_pmd_share()	(0)
-#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE */
+#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB
 pte_t *huge_pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm,
-- 
1.8.3.1

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[RFC PATCH v2 2/2] Implement sharing/unsharing of PMDs for FS/DAX

[Larry Bassel]

This is based on (but somewhat different from) what hugetlbfs
does to share/unshare page tables.

Signed-off-by: Larry Bassel <larry.bassel@oracle.com>
---
 include/linux/hugetlb.h |   4 ++
 mm/huge_memory.c        |  37 +++++++++++++++++
 mm/hugetlb.c            |   8 ++--
 mm/memory.c             | 108 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 152 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/hugetlb.h b/include/linux/hugetlb.h
index edf476c..debff55 100644
--- a/include/linux/hugetlb.h
+++ b/include/linux/hugetlb.h
@@ -140,6 +140,10 @@ pte_t *huge_pte_offset(struct mm_struct *mm,
 int huge_pmd_unshare(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long *addr, pte_t *ptep);
 void adjust_range_if_pmd_sharing_possible(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 				unsigned long *start, unsigned long *end);
+unsigned long page_table_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *svma,
+				   struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+				   unsigned long addr, pgoff_t idx);
+bool vma_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr);
 struct page *follow_huge_addr(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
 			      int write);
 struct page *follow_huge_pd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index 9f8bce9..935874c 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -1751,6 +1751,33 @@ static inline void zap_deposited_table(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
 	mm_dec_nr_ptes(mm);
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
+static int unshare_huge_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
+			    pmd_t *pmdp)
+{
+	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
+	p4d_t *p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
+
+	WARN_ON(page_count(virt_to_page(pmdp)) == 0);
+	if (page_count(virt_to_page(pmdp)) == 1)
+		return 0;
+
+	pud_clear(pud);
+	put_page(virt_to_page(pmdp));
+	mm_dec_nr_pmds(mm);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+#else
+static int unshare_huge_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
+			    pmd_t *pmdp)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
 int zap_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		 pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr)
 {
@@ -1768,6 +1795,11 @@ int zap_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	 * pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw after finishing pmdp related
 	 * operations.
 	 */
+	if (unshare_huge_pmd(vma->vm_mm, addr, pmd)) {
+		spin_unlock(ptl);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	orig_pmd = pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_full(tlb->mm, addr, pmd,
 			tlb->fullmm);
 	tlb_remove_pmd_tlb_entry(tlb, pmd, addr);
@@ -1915,6 +1947,11 @@ int change_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
 	if (!ptl)
 		return 0;
 
+	if (unshare_huge_pmd(mm, addr, pmd)) {
+		spin_unlock(ptl);
+		return HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+	}
+
 	preserve_write = prot_numa && pmd_write(*pmd);
 	ret = 1;
 
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
index 3a54c9d..1c1ed4e 100644
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -4653,9 +4653,9 @@ long hugetlb_unreserve_pages(struct inode *inode, long start, long end,
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
-static unsigned long page_table_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *svma,
-				struct vm_area_struct *vma,
-				unsigned long addr, pgoff_t idx)
+unsigned long page_table_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *svma,
+				   struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+				   unsigned long addr, pgoff_t idx)
 {
 	unsigned long saddr = ((idx - svma->vm_pgoff) << PAGE_SHIFT) +
 				svma->vm_start;
@@ -4678,7 +4678,7 @@ static unsigned long page_table_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *svma,
 	return saddr;
 }
 
-static bool vma_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
+bool vma_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
 {
 	unsigned long base = addr & PUD_MASK;
 	unsigned long end = base + PUD_SIZE;
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index ddf20bd..1ca8f75 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -3932,6 +3932,109 @@ static vm_fault_t handle_pte_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
+static pmd_t *huge_pmd_offset(struct mm_struct *mm,
+			      unsigned long addr, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	pud_t *pud;
+	pmd_t *pmd;
+
+	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
+	if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
+		return NULL;
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	if (!p4d_present(*p4d))
+		return NULL;
+
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
+	if (sz != PUD_SIZE && pud_none(*pud))
+		return NULL;
+	/* hugepage or swap? */
+	if (pud_huge(*pud) || !pud_present(*pud))
+		return (pmd_t *)pud;
+
+	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
+	if (sz != PMD_SIZE && pmd_none(*pmd))
+		return NULL;
+	/* hugepage or swap? */
+	if (pmd_huge(*pmd) || !pmd_present(*pmd))
+		return pmd;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static pmd_t *pmd_share(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr)
+{
+	struct vm_area_struct *vma = find_vma(mm, addr);
+	struct address_space *mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
+	pgoff_t idx = ((addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) +
+			vma->vm_pgoff;
+	struct vm_area_struct *svma;
+	unsigned long saddr;
+	pmd_t *spmd = NULL;
+	pmd_t *pmd;
+	spinlock_t *ptl;
+
+	if (!vma_shareable(vma, addr))
+		return pmd_alloc(mm, pud, addr);
+
+	i_mmap_lock_write(mapping);
+
+	vma_interval_tree_foreach(svma, &mapping->i_mmap, idx, idx) {
+		if (svma == vma)
+			continue;
+
+		saddr = page_table_shareable(svma, vma, addr, idx);
+		if (saddr) {
+			spmd = huge_pmd_offset(svma->vm_mm, saddr,
+					       vma_mmu_pagesize(svma));
+			if (spmd) {
+				get_page(virt_to_page(spmd));
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!spmd)
+		goto out;
+
+	ptl = pmd_lockptr(mm, spmd);
+	spin_lock(ptl);
+
+	if (pud_none(*pud)) {
+		pud_populate(mm, pud,
+			     (pmd_t *)((unsigned long)spmd & PAGE_MASK));
+		mm_inc_nr_pmds(mm);
+	} else {
+		put_page(virt_to_page(spmd));
+	}
+	spin_unlock(ptl);
+out:
+	pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, addr);
+	i_mmap_unlock_write(mapping);
+	return pmd;
+}
+
+static bool may_share_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	if (vma_is_fsdax(vma))
+		return true;
+	return false;
+}
+#else
+static pmd_t *pmd_share(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr)
+{
+	return pmd_alloc(mm, pud, addr);
+}
+
+static bool may_share_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * By the time we get here, we already hold the mm semaphore
  *
@@ -3985,7 +4088,10 @@ static vm_fault_t __handle_mm_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		}
 	}
 
-	vmf.pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, vmf.pud, address);
+	if (unlikely(may_share_pmd(vma)))
+		vmf.pmd = pmd_share(mm, vmf.pud, address);
+	else
+		vmf.pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, vmf.pud, address);
 	if (!vmf.pmd)
 		return VM_FAULT_OOM;
 	if (pmd_none(*vmf.pmd) && __transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma)) {
-- 
1.8.3.1

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Re: [RFC PATCH v2 2/2] Implement sharing/unsharing of PMDs for FS/DAX

[Kirill A. Shutemov]

On Fri, Jun 07, 2019 at 12:51:03PM -0700, Larry Bassel wrote:
> diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
> index 3a54c9d..1c1ed4e 100644
> --- a/mm/hugetlb.c
> +++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
> @@ -4653,9 +4653,9 @@ long hugetlb_unreserve_pages(struct inode *inode, long start, long end,
>  }
>  
>  #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
> -static unsigned long page_table_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *svma,
> -				struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> -				unsigned long addr, pgoff_t idx)
> +unsigned long page_table_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *svma,
> +				   struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +				   unsigned long addr, pgoff_t idx)
>  {
>  	unsigned long saddr = ((idx - svma->vm_pgoff) << PAGE_SHIFT) +
>  				svma->vm_start;
> @@ -4678,7 +4678,7 @@ static unsigned long page_table_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *svma,
>  	return saddr;
>  }
>  
> -static bool vma_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
> +bool vma_shareable(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
>  {
>  	unsigned long base = addr & PUD_MASK;
>  	unsigned long end = base + PUD_SIZE;

This is going to be build error. mm/hugetlb.o doesn't build unlessp CONFIG_HUGETLBFS=y.

And I think both functions doesn't cover all DAX cases: VMA can be not
aligned (due to vm_start and/or vm_pgoff) to 2M even if the file has 2M
ranges allocated. See transhuge_vma_suitable().

And as I said before, nothing guarantees contiguous 2M ranges on backing
storage.

And in general I found piggybacking on hugetlb hacky.

The solution has to stand on its own with own justification. Saying it
worked for hugetlb and it has to work here would not fly. hugetlb is much
more restrictive on use cases. THP has more corner cases.

> diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
> index ddf20bd..1ca8f75 100644
> --- a/mm/memory.c
> +++ b/mm/memory.c
> @@ -3932,6 +3932,109 @@ static vm_fault_t handle_pte_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
> +static pmd_t *huge_pmd_offset(struct mm_struct *mm,
> +			      unsigned long addr, unsigned long sz)
> +{
> +	pgd_t *pgd;
> +	p4d_t *p4d;
> +	pud_t *pud;
> +	pmd_t *pmd;
> +
> +	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
> +	if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
> +		return NULL;
> +	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
> +	if (!p4d_present(*p4d))
> +		return NULL;
> +
> +	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
> +	if (sz != PUD_SIZE && pud_none(*pud))
> +		return NULL;
> +	/* hugepage or swap? */
> +	if (pud_huge(*pud) || !pud_present(*pud))
> +		return (pmd_t *)pud;

So do we or do we not support PUD pages? This is just broken.
> +
> +	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
> +	if (sz != PMD_SIZE && pmd_none(*pmd))
> +		return NULL;
> +	/* hugepage or swap? */
> +	if (pmd_huge(*pmd) || !pmd_present(*pmd))
> +		return pmd;
> +
> +	return NULL;
> +}
> +

-- 
 Kirill A. Shutemov
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