From: Ho-Eun Ryu <hoeun.ryu@gmail.com>
To: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com,
Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>,
Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>,
PaX Team <pageexec@freemail.hu>, Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>,
Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>,
x86@kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Subject: Re: [RFC v2][PATCH 01/11] Introduce rare_write() infrastructure
Date: Fri, 7 Apr 2017 17:09:18 +0900 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <FDCFFA43-5B6D-42CB-A65C-5FA485B64C7A@gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <1490811363-93944-2-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org>
> On 30 Mar 2017, at 3:15 AM, Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> wrote:
>
> Several types of data storage exist in the kernel: read-write data (.data,
> .bss), read-only data (.rodata), and RO-after-init. This introduces the
> infrastructure for another type: write-rarely, which is intended for data
> that is either only rarely modified or especially security-sensitive. The
> goal is to further reduce the internal attack surface of the kernel by
> making this storage read-only when "at rest". This makes it much harder
> to be subverted by attackers who have a kernel-write flaw, since they
> cannot directly change these memory contents.
>
> This work is heavily based on PaX and grsecurity's pax_{open,close}_kernel
> API, its __read_only annotations, its constify plugin, and the work done
> to identify sensitive structures that should be moved from .data into
> .rodata. This builds the initial infrastructure to support these kinds
> of changes, though the API and naming has been adjusted in places for
> clarity and maintainability.
>
> Variables declared with the __wr_rare annotation will be moved to the
> .rodata section if an architecture supports CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_WRITE_RARE.
> To change these variables, either a single rare_write() macro can be used,
> or multiple uses of __rare_write(), wrapped in a matching pair of
> rare_write_begin() and rare_write_end() macros can be used. These macros
> are expanded into the arch-specific functions that perform the actions
> needed to write to otherwise read-only memory.
>
> As detailed in the Kconfig help, the arch-specific helpers have several
> requirements to make them sensible/safe for use by the kernel: they must
> not allow non-current CPUs to write the memory area, they must run
> non-preemptible to avoid accidentally leaving memory writable, and must
> be inline to avoid making them desirable ROP targets for attackers.
>
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
> ---
> arch/Kconfig | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
> include/linux/compiler.h | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> include/linux/preempt.h | 6 ++++--
> 3 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/Kconfig b/arch/Kconfig
> index cd211a14a88f..5ebf62500b99 100644
> --- a/arch/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/Kconfig
> @@ -847,4 +847,29 @@ config STRICT_MODULE_RWX
> config ARCH_WANT_RELAX_ORDER
> bool
>
> +config HAVE_ARCH_RARE_WRITE
> + def_bool n
> + help
> + An arch should select this option if it has defined the functions
> + __arch_rare_write_begin() and __arch_rare_write_end() to
> + respectively enable and disable writing to read-only memory. The
> + routines must meet the following requirements:
> + - read-only memory writing must only be available on the current
> + CPU (to make sure other CPUs can't race to make changes too).
> + - the routines must be declared inline (to discourage ROP use).
> + - the routines must not be preemptible (likely they will call
> + preempt_disable() and preempt_enable_no_resched() respectively).
> + - the routines must validate expected state (e.g. when enabling
> + writes, BUG() if writes are already be enabled).
> +
> +config HAVE_ARCH_RARE_WRITE_MEMCPY
> + def_bool n
> + depends on HAVE_ARCH_RARE_WRITE
> + help
> + An arch should select this option if a special accessor is needed
> + to write to otherwise read-only memory, defined by the function
> + __arch_rare_write_memcpy(). Without this, the write-rarely
> + infrastructure will just attempt to write directly to the memory
> + using a const-ignoring assignment.
> +
> source "kernel/gcov/Kconfig"
> diff --git a/include/linux/compiler.h b/include/linux/compiler.h
> index f8110051188f..274bd03cfe9e 100644
> --- a/include/linux/compiler.h
> +++ b/include/linux/compiler.h
> @@ -336,6 +336,38 @@ static __always_inline void __write_once_size(volatile void *p, void *res, int s
> __u.__val; \
> })
>
> +/*
> + * Build "write rarely" infrastructure for flipping memory r/w
> + * on a per-CPU basis.
> + */
> +#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_RARE_WRITE
> +# define __wr_rare
> +# define __wr_rare_type
> +# define __rare_write(__var, __val) (__var = (__val))
> +# define rare_write_begin() do { } while (0)
> +# define rare_write_end() do { } while (0)
> +#else
> +# define __wr_rare __ro_after_init
> +# define __wr_rare_type const
> +# ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_RARE_WRITE_MEMCPY
> +# define __rare_write_n(dst, src, len) ({ \
> + BUILD_BUG(!builtin_const(len)); \
> + __arch_rare_write_memcpy((dst), (src), (len)); \
> + })
> +# define __rare_write(var, val) __rare_write_n(&(var), &(val), sizeof(var))
> +# else
> +# define __rare_write(var, val) ((*(typeof((typeof(var))0) *)&(var)) = (val))
> +# endif
> +# define rare_write_begin() __arch_rare_write_begin()
> +# define rare_write_end() __arch_rare_write_end()
> +#endif
> +#define rare_write(__var, __val) ({ \
> + rare_write_begin(); \
> + __rare_write(__var, __val); \
> + rare_write_end(); \
> + __var; \
> +})
> +
How about we have a separate header file splitting section annotations and the actual APIs.
include/linux/compiler.h:
__wr_rare
__wr_rare_type
include/linux/rare_write.h:
__rare_write_n()
__rare_write()
rare_write_begin()
rare_write_end()
OR moving all of them to include/linux/rare_write.h.
I’m writing the arm64 port for rare_write feature and I’ve stucked in some header problems for the next version of the patch.
I need some other mmu related APIs (mostly defined in `arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h`) to implement those helpers.
but I cannot include the header in `include/linux/compiler.h` prior to definition of rare_write macros (huge compilation errors).
You know that `linux/compiler.h` header is mostly base of other headers not a user.
I have to define `__arch_rare_write_[begin/end/memcpy]()` functions as `static inline` in a header file somewhere in `arch/arm64/include/asm/`
to avoid making them ROP targets and the helpers need other mmu related APIs.
And the helpers and the mmu related APIs cannot be defined prior to definition of rare_write macros in `linux/compile.h`.
And I think I'll need `include/linux/module.h` for module related APIs like `is_module_address()` to support module address conversion
in `__arch_rare_write_memcpy()` and it’ll make the situation worse.
* make `include/linux/rare_write.h`
* the header defines rare_write APIs
* the header includes `include/asm/rare_write.h` for arch-specific helpers
* users using rare_write feature should include `linux/rare_write.h`
OR suggest other solutions please.
> #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
>
> #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
> diff --git a/include/linux/preempt.h b/include/linux/preempt.h
> index cae461224948..4fc97aaa22ea 100644
> --- a/include/linux/preempt.h
> +++ b/include/linux/preempt.h
> @@ -258,10 +258,12 @@ do { \
> /*
> * Modules have no business playing preemption tricks.
> */
> -#undef sched_preempt_enable_no_resched
> -#undef preempt_enable_no_resched
> #undef preempt_enable_no_resched_notrace
> #undef preempt_check_resched
> +#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_RARE_WRITE
> +#undef sched_preempt_enable_no_resched
> +#undef preempt_enable_no_resched
> +#endif
> #endif
>
> #define preempt_set_need_resched() \
> --
> 2.7.4
>
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2017-04-07 8:09 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 63+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2017-03-29 18:15 [RFC v2] Introduce rare_write() infrastructure Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:15 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 01/11] " Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:23 ` Kees Cook
2017-03-30 7:44 ` Ho-Eun Ryu
2017-03-30 17:02 ` Kees Cook
2017-04-07 8:09 ` Ho-Eun Ryu [this message]
2017-04-07 20:38 ` Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:15 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 02/11] lkdtm: add test for " Kees Cook
2017-03-30 9:34 ` [kernel-hardening] " Ian Campbell
2017-03-30 16:16 ` Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:15 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 03/11] net: switch sock_diag handlers to rare_write() Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:15 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 04/11] x86: Implement __arch_rare_write_begin/unmap() Kees Cook
2017-03-29 22:38 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-03-30 1:41 ` Kees Cook
2017-04-05 23:57 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-06 0:14 ` Kees Cook
2017-04-06 15:59 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-07 8:34 ` [kernel-hardening] " Mathias Krause
2017-04-07 9:46 ` Thomas Gleixner
2017-04-07 10:51 ` Mathias Krause
2017-04-07 13:14 ` Thomas Gleixner
2017-04-07 13:30 ` Mathias Krause
2017-04-07 16:14 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-07 16:22 ` Mark Rutland
2017-04-07 19:58 ` PaX Team
2017-04-08 4:58 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-09 12:47 ` PaX Team
2017-04-10 0:10 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-10 10:42 ` PaX Team
2017-04-10 16:01 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-07 20:44 ` Thomas Gleixner
2017-04-07 21:20 ` Kees Cook
2017-04-08 4:12 ` Daniel Micay
2017-04-08 4:13 ` Daniel Micay
2017-04-08 4:21 ` Daniel Micay
2017-04-08 5:07 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-08 7:33 ` Daniel Micay
2017-04-08 15:20 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-09 10:53 ` Ingo Molnar
2017-04-10 10:22 ` Mark Rutland
2017-04-09 20:24 ` PaX Team
2017-04-10 0:31 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-10 19:47 ` PaX Team
2017-04-10 20:27 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-10 20:13 ` Kees Cook
2017-04-10 20:17 ` Andy Lutomirski
2017-04-07 19:25 ` Thomas Gleixner
2017-04-07 14:45 ` Peter Zijlstra
2017-04-10 10:29 ` Mark Rutland
2017-04-07 19:52 ` PaX Team
2017-04-10 8:26 ` Thomas Gleixner
2017-04-10 19:55 ` PaX Team
2017-04-07 9:37 ` Peter Zijlstra
2017-03-29 18:15 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 05/11] ARM: mm: dump: Add domain to output Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:15 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 06/11] ARM: domains: Extract common USER domain init Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:15 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 07/11] ARM: mm: set DOMAIN_WR_RARE for rodata Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:16 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 08/11] ARM: Implement __arch_rare_write_begin/end() Kees Cook
2017-04-07 9:36 ` Peter Zijlstra
2017-03-29 18:16 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 09/11] list: add rare_write() list helpers Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:16 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 10/11] gcc-plugins: Add constify plugin Kees Cook
2017-03-29 18:16 ` [RFC v2][PATCH 11/11] cgroups: force all struct cftype const Kees Cook
2017-03-29 19:00 ` [RFC v2] Introduce rare_write() infrastructure Russell King - ARM Linux
2017-03-29 19:14 ` Kees Cook
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=FDCFFA43-5B6D-42CB-A65C-5FA485B64C7A@gmail.com \
--to=hoeun.ryu@gmail.com \
--cc=keescook@chromium.org \
--cc=kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com \
--cc=linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux@armlinux.org.uk \
--cc=luto@kernel.org \
--cc=mark.rutland@arm.com \
--cc=pageexec@freemail.hu \
--cc=re.emese@gmail.com \
--cc=x86@kernel.org \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).