All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: "Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
To: david@fromorbit.com, darrick.wong@oracle.com
Cc: sandeen@redhat.com, linux-nfs@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org, Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>,
	linux-unionfs@vger.kernel.org, linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-btrfs@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
Subject: [PATCH 17/25] vfs: enable remap callers that can handle short operations
Date: Fri, 12 Oct 2018 17:07:44 -0700	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <153938926421.8361.13101766265446494393.stgit@magnolia> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <153938912912.8361.13446310416406388958.stgit@magnolia>

From: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>

Plumb in a remap flag that enables the filesystem remap handler to
shorten remapping requests for callers that can handle it.  Now
copy_file_range can report partial success (in case we run up against
alignment problems, resource limits, etc.).

We also enable CAN_SHORTEN for fideduperange to maintain existing
userspace-visible behavior where xfs/btrfs shorten the dedupe range to
avoid stale post-eof data exposure.

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
---
 fs/read_write.c    |   22 +++++++++++++++-------
 include/linux/fs.h |    7 +++++--
 mm/filemap.c       |   16 ++++++++++++----
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)


diff --git a/fs/read_write.c b/fs/read_write.c
index c02fc5144d15..86a8c2557d18 100644
--- a/fs/read_write.c
+++ b/fs/read_write.c
@@ -1593,7 +1593,8 @@ ssize_t vfs_copy_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 
 		cloned = file_in->f_op->remap_file_range(file_in, pos_in,
 				file_out, pos_out,
-				min_t(loff_t, MAX_RW_COUNT, len), 0);
+				min_t(loff_t, MAX_RW_COUNT, len),
+				RFR_CAN_SHORTEN);
 		if (cloned > 0) {
 			ret = cloned;
 			goto done;
@@ -1797,6 +1798,8 @@ int generic_remap_file_range_prep(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 
 	/* Are we doing a partial EOF block remapping of some kind? */
 	if (*len & blkmask) {
+		loff_t	new_len = *len;
+
 		/*
 		 * If the dedupe data matches, chop off the partial EOF block
 		 * from the source file so we don't try to dedupe the partial
@@ -1804,11 +1807,16 @@ int generic_remap_file_range_prep(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 		 *
 		 * If the user is attempting to remap a partial EOF block and
 		 * it's inside the destination EOF then reject it.
+		 *
+		 * If possible, shorten the request instead of rejecting it.
 		 */
-		if (is_dedupe)
-			*len &= ~blkmask;
-		else if (pos_out + *len < i_size_read(inode_out))
-			return -EINVAL;
+		if (is_dedupe || pos_out + *len < i_size_read(inode_out))
+			new_len &= ~blkmask;
+
+		if (new_len != *len && !(remap_flags & RFR_CAN_SHORTEN))
+			return is_dedupe ? -EBADE : -EINVAL;
+
+		*len = new_len;
 	}
 
 	return 1;
@@ -2006,7 +2014,7 @@ loff_t vfs_dedupe_file_range_one(struct file *src_file, loff_t src_pos,
 {
 	loff_t ret;
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(remap_flags & ~(RFR_SAME_DATA));
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(remap_flags & ~(RFR_SAME_DATA | RFR_CAN_SHORTEN));
 
 	ret = mnt_want_write_file(dst_file);
 	if (ret)
@@ -2107,7 +2115,7 @@ int vfs_dedupe_file_range(struct file *file, struct file_dedupe_range *same)
 
 		deduped = vfs_dedupe_file_range_one(file, off, dst_file,
 						    info->dest_offset, len,
-						    0);
+						    RFR_CAN_SHORTEN);
 		if (deduped == -EBADE)
 			info->status = FILE_DEDUPE_RANGE_DIFFERS;
 		else if (deduped < 0)
diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h
index b9c314f9d5a4..57cb56bbc30a 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs.h
@@ -1726,14 +1726,17 @@ struct block_device_operations;
  *
  * RFR_SAME_DATA: only remap if contents identical (i.e. deduplicate)
  * RFR_TO_SRC_EOF: remap to the end of the source file
+ * RFR_CAN_SHORTEN: caller can handle a shortened request
  */
 #define RFR_SAME_DATA		(1 << 0)
 #define RFR_TO_SRC_EOF		(1 << 1)
+#define RFR_CAN_SHORTEN		(1 << 2)
 
-#define RFR_VALID_FLAGS		(RFR_SAME_DATA | RFR_TO_SRC_EOF)
+#define RFR_VALID_FLAGS		(RFR_SAME_DATA | RFR_TO_SRC_EOF | \
+				 RFR_CAN_SHORTEN)
 
 /* Implemented by the VFS, so these are advisory. */
-#define RFR_VFS_FLAGS		(RFR_TO_SRC_EOF)
+#define RFR_VFS_FLAGS		(RFR_TO_SRC_EOF | RFR_CAN_SHORTEN)
 
 /*
  * Filesystem remapping implementations should call this helper on their
diff --git a/mm/filemap.c b/mm/filemap.c
index 369cfd164e90..bccbd3621238 100644
--- a/mm/filemap.c
+++ b/mm/filemap.c
@@ -3051,8 +3051,12 @@ int generic_remap_checks(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 	if (pos_in + count == size_in) {
 		bcount = ALIGN(size_in, bs) - pos_in;
 	} else {
-		if (!IS_ALIGNED(count, bs))
-			return -EINVAL;
+		if (!IS_ALIGNED(count, bs)) {
+			if (remap_flags & RFR_CAN_SHORTEN)
+				count = ALIGN_DOWN(count, bs);
+			else
+				return -EINVAL;
+		}
 
 		bcount = count;
 	}
@@ -3063,10 +3067,14 @@ int generic_remap_checks(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 	    pos_out < pos_in + bcount)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/* For now we don't support changing the length. */
-	if (*req_count != count)
+	/*
+	 * We shortened the request but the caller can't deal with that, so
+	 * bounce the request back to userspace.
+	 */
+	if (*req_count != count && !(remap_flags & RFR_CAN_SHORTEN))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	*req_count = count;
 	return 0;
 }
 

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
To: david@fromorbit.com, darrick.wong@oracle.com
Cc: sandeen@redhat.com, linux-nfs@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org, Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>,
	linux-unionfs@vger.kernel.org, linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-btrfs@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
Subject: [Ocfs2-devel] [PATCH 17/25] vfs: enable remap callers that can handle short operations
Date: Fri, 12 Oct 2018 17:07:44 -0700	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <153938926421.8361.13101766265446494393.stgit@magnolia> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <153938912912.8361.13446310416406388958.stgit@magnolia>

From: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>

Plumb in a remap flag that enables the filesystem remap handler to
shorten remapping requests for callers that can handle it.  Now
copy_file_range can report partial success (in case we run up against
alignment problems, resource limits, etc.).

We also enable CAN_SHORTEN for fideduperange to maintain existing
userspace-visible behavior where xfs/btrfs shorten the dedupe range to
avoid stale post-eof data exposure.

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
---
 fs/read_write.c    |   22 +++++++++++++++-------
 include/linux/fs.h |    7 +++++--
 mm/filemap.c       |   16 ++++++++++++----
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)


diff --git a/fs/read_write.c b/fs/read_write.c
index c02fc5144d15..86a8c2557d18 100644
--- a/fs/read_write.c
+++ b/fs/read_write.c
@@ -1593,7 +1593,8 @@ ssize_t vfs_copy_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 
 		cloned = file_in->f_op->remap_file_range(file_in, pos_in,
 				file_out, pos_out,
-				min_t(loff_t, MAX_RW_COUNT, len), 0);
+				min_t(loff_t, MAX_RW_COUNT, len),
+				RFR_CAN_SHORTEN);
 		if (cloned > 0) {
 			ret = cloned;
 			goto done;
@@ -1797,6 +1798,8 @@ int generic_remap_file_range_prep(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 
 	/* Are we doing a partial EOF block remapping of some kind? */
 	if (*len & blkmask) {
+		loff_t	new_len = *len;
+
 		/*
 		 * If the dedupe data matches, chop off the partial EOF block
 		 * from the source file so we don't try to dedupe the partial
@@ -1804,11 +1807,16 @@ int generic_remap_file_range_prep(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 		 *
 		 * If the user is attempting to remap a partial EOF block and
 		 * it's inside the destination EOF then reject it.
+		 *
+		 * If possible, shorten the request instead of rejecting it.
 		 */
-		if (is_dedupe)
-			*len &= ~blkmask;
-		else if (pos_out + *len < i_size_read(inode_out))
-			return -EINVAL;
+		if (is_dedupe || pos_out + *len < i_size_read(inode_out))
+			new_len &= ~blkmask;
+
+		if (new_len != *len && !(remap_flags & RFR_CAN_SHORTEN))
+			return is_dedupe ? -EBADE : -EINVAL;
+
+		*len = new_len;
 	}
 
 	return 1;
@@ -2006,7 +2014,7 @@ loff_t vfs_dedupe_file_range_one(struct file *src_file, loff_t src_pos,
 {
 	loff_t ret;
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(remap_flags & ~(RFR_SAME_DATA));
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(remap_flags & ~(RFR_SAME_DATA | RFR_CAN_SHORTEN));
 
 	ret = mnt_want_write_file(dst_file);
 	if (ret)
@@ -2107,7 +2115,7 @@ int vfs_dedupe_file_range(struct file *file, struct file_dedupe_range *same)
 
 		deduped = vfs_dedupe_file_range_one(file, off, dst_file,
 						    info->dest_offset, len,
-						    0);
+						    RFR_CAN_SHORTEN);
 		if (deduped == -EBADE)
 			info->status = FILE_DEDUPE_RANGE_DIFFERS;
 		else if (deduped < 0)
diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h
index b9c314f9d5a4..57cb56bbc30a 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs.h
@@ -1726,14 +1726,17 @@ struct block_device_operations;
  *
  * RFR_SAME_DATA: only remap if contents identical (i.e. deduplicate)
  * RFR_TO_SRC_EOF: remap to the end of the source file
+ * RFR_CAN_SHORTEN: caller can handle a shortened request
  */
 #define RFR_SAME_DATA		(1 << 0)
 #define RFR_TO_SRC_EOF		(1 << 1)
+#define RFR_CAN_SHORTEN		(1 << 2)
 
-#define RFR_VALID_FLAGS		(RFR_SAME_DATA | RFR_TO_SRC_EOF)
+#define RFR_VALID_FLAGS		(RFR_SAME_DATA | RFR_TO_SRC_EOF | \
+				 RFR_CAN_SHORTEN)
 
 /* Implemented by the VFS, so these are advisory. */
-#define RFR_VFS_FLAGS		(RFR_TO_SRC_EOF)
+#define RFR_VFS_FLAGS		(RFR_TO_SRC_EOF | RFR_CAN_SHORTEN)
 
 /*
  * Filesystem remapping implementations should call this helper on their
diff --git a/mm/filemap.c b/mm/filemap.c
index 369cfd164e90..bccbd3621238 100644
--- a/mm/filemap.c
+++ b/mm/filemap.c
@@ -3051,8 +3051,12 @@ int generic_remap_checks(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 	if (pos_in + count == size_in) {
 		bcount = ALIGN(size_in, bs) - pos_in;
 	} else {
-		if (!IS_ALIGNED(count, bs))
-			return -EINVAL;
+		if (!IS_ALIGNED(count, bs)) {
+			if (remap_flags & RFR_CAN_SHORTEN)
+				count = ALIGN_DOWN(count, bs);
+			else
+				return -EINVAL;
+		}
 
 		bcount = count;
 	}
@@ -3063,10 +3067,14 @@ int generic_remap_checks(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 	    pos_out < pos_in + bcount)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/* For now we don't support changing the length. */
-	if (*req_count != count)
+	/*
+	 * We shortened the request but the caller can't deal with that, so
+	 * bounce the request back to userspace.
+	 */
+	if (*req_count != count && !(remap_flags & RFR_CAN_SHORTEN))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	*req_count = count;
 	return 0;
 }
 

  parent reply	other threads:[~2018-10-13  0:07 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 103+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2018-10-13  0:05 [PATCH v4 00/25] fs: fixes for serious clone/dedupe problems Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:05 ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:05 ` [PATCH 01/25] xfs: add a per-xfs trace_printk macro Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:05   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:05 ` [PATCH 02/25] vfs: vfs_clone_file_prep_inodes should return EINVAL for a clone from beyond EOF Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:05   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06 ` [PATCH 03/25] vfs: check file ranges before cloning files Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06 ` [PATCH 04/25] vfs: strengthen checking of file range inputs to generic_remap_checks Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06 ` [PATCH 05/25] vfs: avoid problematic remapping requests into partial EOF block Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-14 17:11   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:11     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-13  0:06 ` [PATCH 06/25] vfs: skip zero-length dedupe requests Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06 ` [PATCH 07/25] vfs: combine the clone and dedupe into a single remap_file_range Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-14 17:19   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:19     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15  6:04     ` Amir Goldstein
2018-10-15 12:47       ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15 12:47         ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15 12:54         ` Amir Goldstein
2018-10-15 17:13         ` Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-15 17:13           ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-15 18:32           ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15 18:32             ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15 13:18     ` Matthew Wilcox
2018-10-15 16:42     ` Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-15 16:42       ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06 ` [PATCH 08/25] vfs: rename vfs_clone_file_prep to be more descriptive Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06 ` [PATCH 09/25] vfs: rename clone_verify_area to remap_verify_area Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06 ` [PATCH 10/25] vfs: create generic_remap_file_range_touch to update inode metadata Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-14 17:21   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:21     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15 16:30     ` Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-15 16:30       ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-15 18:19       ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15 18:19         ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-13  0:06 ` [PATCH 11/25] vfs: pass remap flags to generic_remap_file_range_prep Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:06   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-14 17:22   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:22     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:37   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:37     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15 15:42     ` Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-15 15:42       ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07 ` [PATCH 12/25] vfs: pass remap flags to generic_remap_checks Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07 ` [PATCH 13/25] vfs: make remap_file_range functions take and return bytes completed Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07 ` [PATCH 14/25] vfs: plumb RFR_* remap flags through the vfs clone functions Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07   ` Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07 ` [PATCH 15/25] vfs: plumb RFR_* remap flags through the vfs dedupe functions Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07 ` [PATCH 16/25] vfs: make remapping to source file eof more explicit Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-14 17:24   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:24     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:24     ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:24     ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15 15:32     ` Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-15 15:32       ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-15 18:28       ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-15 18:28         ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-13  0:07 ` Darrick J. Wong [this message]
2018-10-13  0:07   ` [Ocfs2-devel] [PATCH 17/25] vfs: enable remap callers that can handle short operations Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07 ` [PATCH 18/25] vfs: hide file range comparison function Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-14 17:43   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:43     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-13  0:07 ` [PATCH 19/25] vfs: implement opportunistic short dedupe Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:07   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-14 17:26   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:26     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-13  0:08 ` [PATCH 20/25] ocfs2: truncate page cache for clone destination file before remapping Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08 ` [PATCH 21/25] ocfs2: fix pagecache truncation prior to reflink Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08 ` [PATCH 22/25] ocfs2: support partial clone range and dedupe range Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-14 17:41   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:41     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-13  0:08 ` [PATCH 23/25] xfs: fix pagecache truncation prior to reflink Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08 ` [PATCH 24/25] xfs: support returning partial reflink results Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-14 17:35   ` Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 17:35     ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Christoph Hellwig
2018-10-14 23:05     ` Dave Chinner
2018-10-14 23:05       ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Dave Chinner
2018-10-15 15:49       ` Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-15 15:49         ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08 ` [PATCH 25/25] xfs: remove redundant remap partial EOF block checks Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-13  0:08   ` [Ocfs2-devel] " Darrick J. Wong
  -- strict thread matches above, loose matches on Subject: below --
2018-10-11  4:12 [PATCH v3 00/25] fs: fixes for serious clone/dedupe problems Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-11  4:14 ` [PATCH 17/25] vfs: enable remap callers that can handle short operations Darrick J. Wong
2018-10-11  5:15   ` Amir Goldstein
2018-10-11 16:04     ` Darrick J. Wong

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=153938926421.8361.13101766265446494393.stgit@magnolia \
    --to=darrick.wong@oracle.com \
    --cc=amir73il@gmail.com \
    --cc=david@fromorbit.com \
    --cc=linux-btrfs@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
    --cc=linux-nfs@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-unionfs@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com \
    --cc=sandeen@redhat.com \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.