[PATCH v2 01/13] perf: Ensure perf_guest_cbs aren't reloaded between !NULL check and deref

From: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
To: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>,
	Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>,
	Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
	Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>,
	Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
	Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>, Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>,
	Nick Hu <nickhu@andestech.com>, Greentime Hu <green.hu@gmail.com>,
	Vincent Chen <deanbo422@gmail.com>,
	Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>,
	Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>,
	Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
	Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
	x86@kernel.org, Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
	Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>,
	Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>,
	Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>, Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>,
	James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>,
	Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com>,
	Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>,
	"H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>,
	Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>,
	Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>,
	Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>,
	Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>, Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>,
	Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@kernel.org>,
	linux-perf-users@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
	kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu, linux-csky@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, kvm@vger.kernel.org,
	xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org,
	Artem Kashkanov <artem.kashkanov@intel.com>,
	Like Xu <like.xu.linux@gmail.com>,
	Zhu Lingshan <lingshan.zhu@intel.com>
Subject: [PATCH v2 01/13] perf: Ensure perf_guest_cbs aren't reloaded between !NULL check and deref
Date: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 17:35:46 -0700	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20210828003558.713983-2-seanjc@google.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20210828003558.713983-1-seanjc@google.com>

Protect perf_guest_cbs with READ_ONCE/WRITE_ONCE to ensure it's not
reloaded between a !NULL check and a dereference, and wait for all
readers via syncrhonize_rcu() to prevent use-after-free, e.g. if the
callbacks are being unregistered during module unload.  Because the
callbacks are global, it's possible for readers to run in parallel with
an unregister operation.

The bug has escaped notice because all dereferences of perf_guest_cbs
follow the same "perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()" pattern,
and it's extremely unlikely a compiler will reload perf_guest_cbs in this
sequence.  Compilers do reload perf_guest_cbs for future derefs, e.g. for
->is_user_mode(), but the ->is_in_guest() guard all but guarantees the
PMI handler will win the race, e.g. to nullify perf_guest_cbs, KVM has to
completely exit the guest and teardown down all VMs before KVM start its
module unload / unregister sequence.

But with help, unloading kvm_intel can trigger a NULL pointer derference,
e.g. wrapping perf_guest_cbs with READ_ONCE in perf_misc_flags() while
spamming kvm_intel module load/unload leads to:

  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
  CPU: 6 PID: 1825 Comm: stress Not tainted 5.14.0-rc2+ #459
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015
  RIP: 0010:perf_misc_flags+0x1c/0x70
  Call Trace:
   perf_prepare_sample+0x53/0x6b0
   perf_event_output_forward+0x67/0x160
   __perf_event_overflow+0x52/0xf0
   handle_pmi_common+0x207/0x300
   intel_pmu_handle_irq+0xcf/0x410
   perf_event_nmi_handler+0x28/0x50
   nmi_handle+0xc7/0x260
   default_do_nmi+0x6b/0x170
   exc_nmi+0x103/0x130
   asm_exc_nmi+0x76/0xbf

Fixes: 39447b386c84 ("perf: Enhance perf to allow for guest statistic collection from host")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
---
 arch/arm/kernel/perf_callchain.c   | 17 +++++++++++------
 arch/arm64/kernel/perf_callchain.c | 18 ++++++++++++------
 arch/csky/kernel/perf_callchain.c  |  6 ++++--
 arch/nds32/kernel/perf_event_cpu.c | 17 +++++++++++------
 arch/riscv/kernel/perf_callchain.c |  7 +++++--
 arch/x86/events/core.c             | 17 +++++++++++------
 arch/x86/events/intel/core.c       |  9 ++++++---
 include/linux/perf_event.h         |  8 ++++++++
 kernel/events/core.c               |  9 +++++++--
 9 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/perf_callchain.c b/arch/arm/kernel/perf_callchain.c
index 3b69a76d341e..1626dfc6f6ce 100644
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/perf_callchain.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/perf_callchain.c
@@ -62,9 +62,10 @@ user_backtrace(struct frame_tail __user *tail,
 void
 perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry, struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	struct frame_tail __user *tail;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		/* We don't support guest os callchain now */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -98,9 +99,10 @@ callchain_trace(struct stackframe *fr,
 void
 perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry, struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	struct stackframe fr;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		/* We don't support guest os callchain now */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -111,18 +113,21 @@ perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry, struct pt_regs *re
 
 unsigned long perf_instruction_pointer(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
-		return perf_guest_cbs->get_guest_ip();
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
+
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
+		return guest_cbs->get_guest_ip();
 
 	return instruction_pointer(regs);
 }
 
 unsigned long perf_misc_flags(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	int misc = 0;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
-		if (perf_guest_cbs->is_user_mode())
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+		if (guest_cbs->is_user_mode())
 			misc |= PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER;
 		else
 			misc |= PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL;
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/perf_callchain.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/perf_callchain.c
index 4a72c2727309..86d9f2013172 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/perf_callchain.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/perf_callchain.c
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ compat_user_backtrace(struct compat_frame_tail __user *tail,
 void perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 			 struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
+
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		/* We don't support guest os callchain now */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -147,9 +149,10 @@ static bool callchain_trace(void *data, unsigned long pc)
 void perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 			   struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	struct stackframe frame;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		/* We don't support guest os callchain now */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -160,18 +163,21 @@ void perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 
 unsigned long perf_instruction_pointer(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
-		return perf_guest_cbs->get_guest_ip();
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
+
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
+		return guest_cbs->get_guest_ip();
 
 	return instruction_pointer(regs);
 }
 
 unsigned long perf_misc_flags(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	int misc = 0;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
-		if (perf_guest_cbs->is_user_mode())
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+		if (guest_cbs->is_user_mode())
 			misc |= PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER;
 		else
 			misc |= PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL;
diff --git a/arch/csky/kernel/perf_callchain.c b/arch/csky/kernel/perf_callchain.c
index ab55e98ee8f6..35318a635a5f 100644
--- a/arch/csky/kernel/perf_callchain.c
+++ b/arch/csky/kernel/perf_callchain.c
@@ -86,10 +86,11 @@ static unsigned long user_backtrace(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 void perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 			 struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	unsigned long fp = 0;
 
 	/* C-SKY does not support virtualization. */
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
 		return;
 
 	fp = regs->regs[4];
@@ -110,10 +111,11 @@ void perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 void perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 			   struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	struct stackframe fr;
 
 	/* C-SKY does not support virtualization. */
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		pr_warn("C-SKY does not support perf in guest mode!");
 		return;
 	}
diff --git a/arch/nds32/kernel/perf_event_cpu.c b/arch/nds32/kernel/perf_event_cpu.c
index 0ce6f9f307e6..f38791960781 100644
--- a/arch/nds32/kernel/perf_event_cpu.c
+++ b/arch/nds32/kernel/perf_event_cpu.c
@@ -1363,6 +1363,7 @@ void
 perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 		    struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	unsigned long fp = 0;
 	unsigned long gp = 0;
 	unsigned long lp = 0;
@@ -1371,7 +1372,7 @@ perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 
 	leaf_fp = 0;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		/* We don't support guest os callchain now */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1479,9 +1480,10 @@ void
 perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 		      struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	struct stackframe fr;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		/* We don't support guest os callchain now */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1493,20 +1495,23 @@ perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 
 unsigned long perf_instruction_pointer(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
+
 	/* However, NDS32 does not support virtualization */
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
-		return perf_guest_cbs->get_guest_ip();
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
+		return guest_cbs->get_guest_ip();
 
 	return instruction_pointer(regs);
 }
 
 unsigned long perf_misc_flags(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	int misc = 0;
 
 	/* However, NDS32 does not support virtualization */
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
-		if (perf_guest_cbs->is_user_mode())
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+		if (guest_cbs->is_user_mode())
 			misc |= PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER;
 		else
 			misc |= PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL;
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/perf_callchain.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/perf_callchain.c
index 0bb1854dce83..8ecfc4c128bc 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kernel/perf_callchain.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/perf_callchain.c
@@ -56,10 +56,11 @@ static unsigned long user_backtrace(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 void perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 			 struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	unsigned long fp = 0;
 
 	/* RISC-V does not support perf in guest mode. */
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
 		return;
 
 	fp = regs->s0;
@@ -78,8 +79,10 @@ static bool fill_callchain(void *entry, unsigned long pc)
 void perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry,
 			   struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
+
 	/* RISC-V does not support perf in guest mode. */
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		pr_warn("RISC-V does not support perf in guest mode!");
 		return;
 	}
diff --git a/arch/x86/events/core.c b/arch/x86/events/core.c
index 1eb45139fcc6..ffb3e6c0d367 100644
--- a/arch/x86/events/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/events/core.c
@@ -2761,10 +2761,11 @@ static bool perf_hw_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
 void
 perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry, struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	struct unwind_state state;
 	unsigned long addr;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		/* TODO: We don't support guest os callchain now */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -2864,10 +2865,11 @@ perf_callchain_user32(struct pt_regs *regs, struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *ent
 void
 perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry_ctx *entry, struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	struct stack_frame frame;
 	const struct stack_frame __user *fp;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
 		/* TODO: We don't support guest os callchain now */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -2944,18 +2946,21 @@ static unsigned long code_segment_base(struct pt_regs *regs)
 
 unsigned long perf_instruction_pointer(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
-		return perf_guest_cbs->get_guest_ip();
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
+
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest())
+		return guest_cbs->get_guest_ip();
 
 	return regs->ip + code_segment_base(regs);
 }
 
 unsigned long perf_misc_flags(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
 	int misc = 0;
 
-	if (perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
-		if (perf_guest_cbs->is_user_mode())
+	if (guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest()) {
+		if (guest_cbs->is_user_mode())
 			misc |= PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER;
 		else
 			misc |= PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL;
diff --git a/arch/x86/events/intel/core.c b/arch/x86/events/intel/core.c
index fca7a6e2242f..9baa46185d94 100644
--- a/arch/x86/events/intel/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/events/intel/core.c
@@ -2786,6 +2786,7 @@ static int handle_pmi_common(struct pt_regs *regs, u64 status)
 {
 	struct perf_sample_data data;
 	struct cpu_hw_events *cpuc = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_hw_events);
+	struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *guest_cbs;
 	int bit;
 	int handled = 0;
 	u64 intel_ctrl = hybrid(cpuc->pmu, intel_ctrl);
@@ -2852,9 +2853,11 @@ static int handle_pmi_common(struct pt_regs *regs, u64 status)
 	 */
 	if (__test_and_clear_bit(GLOBAL_STATUS_TRACE_TOPAPMI_BIT, (unsigned long *)&status)) {
 		handled++;
-		if (unlikely(perf_guest_cbs && perf_guest_cbs->is_in_guest() &&
-			perf_guest_cbs->handle_intel_pt_intr))
-			perf_guest_cbs->handle_intel_pt_intr();
+
+		guest_cbs = perf_get_guest_cbs();
+		if (unlikely(guest_cbs && guest_cbs->is_in_guest() &&
+			     guest_cbs->handle_intel_pt_intr))
+			guest_cbs->handle_intel_pt_intr();
 		else
 			intel_pt_interrupt();
 	}
diff --git a/include/linux/perf_event.h b/include/linux/perf_event.h
index 2d510ad750ed..6b0405e578c1 100644
--- a/include/linux/perf_event.h
+++ b/include/linux/perf_event.h
@@ -1237,6 +1237,14 @@ extern void perf_event_bpf_event(struct bpf_prog *prog,
 				 u16 flags);
 
 extern struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *perf_guest_cbs;
+static inline struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *perf_get_guest_cbs(void)
+{
+	/* Reg/unreg perf_guest_cbs waits for readers via synchronize_rcu(). */
+	lockdep_assert_preemption_disabled();
+
+	/* Prevent reloading between a !NULL check and dereferences. */
+	return READ_ONCE(perf_guest_cbs);
+}
 extern int perf_register_guest_info_callbacks(struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *callbacks);
 extern int perf_unregister_guest_info_callbacks(struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *callbacks);
 
diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 464917096e73..2126f6327321 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -6491,14 +6491,19 @@ struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *perf_guest_cbs;
 
 int perf_register_guest_info_callbacks(struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *cbs)
 {
-	perf_guest_cbs = cbs;
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(perf_guest_cbs))
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	WRITE_ONCE(perf_guest_cbs, cbs);
+	synchronize_rcu();
 	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_register_guest_info_callbacks);
 
 int perf_unregister_guest_info_callbacks(struct perf_guest_info_callbacks *cbs)
 {
-	perf_guest_cbs = NULL;
+	WRITE_ONCE(perf_guest_cbs, NULL);
+	synchronize_rcu();
 	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_unregister_guest_info_callbacks);
-- 
2.33.0.259.gc128427fd7-goog

