[GIT PULL v2 0/5] EFI page table isolation

[GIT PULL v2 0/5] EFI page table isolation

[Matt Fleming]

Folks,

This patch series is a response to the report that the EFI region
mappings trigger warnings when booting with CONFIG_DEBUG_WX enabled.
They allocate a new page table structure and ensure that all the
mappings we require during EFI runtime calls are only setup there.

It turns out that it still makes sense to share some page table
entries with 'swapper_pg_dir', just not the entries where we need to
allow security lax permissions. Sharing entries is useful for memory
hotplug, for example.

When writing this series I discovered a number of bugs in the existing
code that only became apparent when we stopped using 'trampoline_pgd'
which already mapped a bunch of things for us. I've put those bug
fixes at the start of the series. 

Further testing would be very much appreciated as this is a
notoriously funky area of the EFI code.

Changes in v2:

 - Folded PATCH 1 and 2 together because they both fall under the
   umbrella of "making sure cpa->pfn is really a page frame number".

 - Fixed some checkpatch warnings about mixing spaces and tabs and
   made some stylistic changes per Borislav's comments.

 - Moved efi_alloc_page_tables() earlier in __efi_enter_virtual_mode()
   so that we fail early if we can't allocate memory for the page
   tables.

The following changes since commit 2c66e24d75d424919c42288b418d2e593fa818b1:

  x86/efi: Fix kernel panic when CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL is enabled (2015-10-25 10:22:25 +0000)

are available in the git repository at:

  git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi.git tags/efi-next

for you to fetch changes up to 78b112115dd6e01ebeaedde4fb4602d718bfba4b:

  Documentation/x86: Update EFI memory region description (2015-11-14 21:40:02 +0000)

----------------------------------------------------------------
 * Use completely separate page tables for EFI runtime service calls
   so that the security-lax mapping permissions (RWX) do not leak into
   the standard kernel page tables and trigger warnings when
   CONFIG_DEBUG_WX is enabled.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Matt Fleming (5):
      x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers
      x86/efi: Map RAM into the identity page table for mixed mode
      x86/efi: Hoist page table switching code into efi_call_virt()
      x86/efi: Build our own page table structures
      Documentation/x86: Update EFI memory region description

 Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt     |  12 +--
 arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h          |  26 ++++++
 arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c              |  17 ++--
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c         |  39 +++-----
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c      |   5 ++
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c      | 174 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S |  43 ---------
 7 files changed, 192 insertions(+), 124 deletions(-)

[GIT PULL v2 0/5] EFI page table isolation

[Matt Fleming]

Folks,

This patch series is a response to the report that the EFI region
mappings trigger warnings when booting with CONFIG_DEBUG_WX enabled.
They allocate a new page table structure and ensure that all the
mappings we require during EFI runtime calls are only setup there.

It turns out that it still makes sense to share some page table
entries with 'swapper_pg_dir', just not the entries where we need to
allow security lax permissions. Sharing entries is useful for memory
hotplug, for example.

When writing this series I discovered a number of bugs in the existing
code that only became apparent when we stopped using 'trampoline_pgd'
which already mapped a bunch of things for us. I've put those bug
fixes at the start of the series. 

Further testing would be very much appreciated as this is a
notoriously funky area of the EFI code.

Changes in v2:

 - Folded PATCH 1 and 2 together because they both fall under the
   umbrella of "making sure cpa->pfn is really a page frame number".

 - Fixed some checkpatch warnings about mixing spaces and tabs and
   made some stylistic changes per Borislav's comments.

 - Moved efi_alloc_page_tables() earlier in __efi_enter_virtual_mode()
   so that we fail early if we can't allocate memory for the page
   tables.

The following changes since commit 2c66e24d75d424919c42288b418d2e593fa818b1:

  x86/efi: Fix kernel panic when CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL is enabled (2015-10-25 10:22:25 +0000)

are available in the git repository at:

  git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi.git tags/efi-next

for you to fetch changes up to 78b112115dd6e01ebeaedde4fb4602d718bfba4b:

  Documentation/x86: Update EFI memory region description (2015-11-14 21:40:02 +0000)

----------------------------------------------------------------
 * Use completely separate page tables for EFI runtime service calls
   so that the security-lax mapping permissions (RWX) do not leak into
   the standard kernel page tables and trigger warnings when
   CONFIG_DEBUG_WX is enabled.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Matt Fleming (5):
      x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers
      x86/efi: Map RAM into the identity page table for mixed mode
      x86/efi: Hoist page table switching code into efi_call_virt()
      x86/efi: Build our own page table structures
      Documentation/x86: Update EFI memory region description

 Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt     |  12 +--
 arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h          |  26 ++++++
 arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c              |  17 ++--
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c         |  39 +++-----
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c      |   5 ++
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c      | 174 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S |  43 ---------
 7 files changed, 192 insertions(+), 124 deletions(-)

[PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Matt Fleming]

The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
treated as a pte.

The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
intended physical address.

This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
runtime this will be an issue.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
---

Changes in v2:
 - Folded the deletion of the _PAGE_NX code into this patch.

 arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c         | 17 ++++++-----------
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
index 9abe0c9b1098..d5240be55915 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
@@ -885,15 +885,10 @@ static void populate_pte(struct cpa_data *cpa,
 	pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, start);
 
 	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
-
-		/* deal with the NX bit */
-		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
-			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;
-
-		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn >> PAGE_SHIFT, pgprot));
+		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn, pgprot));
 
 		start	 += PAGE_SIZE;
-		cpa->pfn += PAGE_SIZE;
+		cpa->pfn++;
 		pte++;
 	}
 }
@@ -949,11 +944,11 @@ static int populate_pmd(struct cpa_data *cpa,
 
 		pmd = pmd_offset(pud, start);
 
-		set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(cpa->pfn | _PAGE_PSE |
+		set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(cpa->pfn << PAGE_SHIFT | _PAGE_PSE |
 				   massage_pgprot(pmd_pgprot)));
 
 		start	  += PMD_SIZE;
-		cpa->pfn  += PMD_SIZE;
+		cpa->pfn  += PMD_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 		cur_pages += PMD_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	}
 
@@ -1022,11 +1017,11 @@ static int populate_pud(struct cpa_data *cpa, unsigned long start, pgd_t *pgd,
 	 * Map everything starting from the Gb boundary, possibly with 1G pages
 	 */
 	while (end - start >= PUD_SIZE) {
-		set_pud(pud, __pud(cpa->pfn | _PAGE_PSE |
+		set_pud(pud, __pud(cpa->pfn << PAGE_SHIFT | _PAGE_PSE |
 				   massage_pgprot(pud_pgprot)));
 
 		start	  += PUD_SIZE;
-		cpa->pfn  += PUD_SIZE;
+		cpa->pfn  += PUD_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 		cur_pages += PUD_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 		pud++;
 	}
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
index a0ac0f9c307f..c8b58ac47b77 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
 
 int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 {
-	unsigned long text;
+	unsigned long pfn, text;
 	struct page *page;
 	unsigned npages;
 	pgd_t *pgd;
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 	 * and ident-map those pages containing the map before calling
 	 * phys_efi_set_virtual_address_map().
 	 */
-	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pa_memmap, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
+	pfn = pa_memmap >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
 		pr_err("Error ident-mapping new memmap (0x%lx)!\n", pa_memmap);
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -176,21 +177,29 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_MIXED))
 		return 0;
 
+	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	text = __pa(_text);
+	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
+		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA32);
 	if (!page)
 		panic("Unable to allocate EFI runtime stack < 4GB\n");
 
 	efi_scratch.phys_stack = virt_to_phys(page_address(page));
-	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
-
-	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-	text = __pa(_text);
+	pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
 
-	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, text >> PAGE_SHIFT, text, npages, 0)) {
-		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
+	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, efi_scratch.phys_stack, 1, 0)) {
+		pr_err("Failed to map mixed mode stack\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
 
+	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -204,12 +213,14 @@ void __init efi_cleanup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 static void __init __map_region(efi_memory_desc_t *md, u64 va)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
-	unsigned long pf = 0;
+	unsigned long flags = 0;
+	unsigned long pfn;
 
 	if (!(md->attribute & EFI_MEMORY_WB))
-		pf |= _PAGE_PCD;
+		flags |= _PAGE_PCD;
 
-	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, md->phys_addr, va, md->num_pages, pf))
+	pfn = md->phys_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, va, md->num_pages, flags))
 		pr_warn("Error mapping PA 0x%llx -> VA 0x%llx!\n",
 			   md->phys_addr, va);
 }
-- 
2.6.2

[PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Matt Fleming]

The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
treated as a pte.

The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
intended physical address.

This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
runtime this will be an issue.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp-l3A5Bk7waGM@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya-ral2JQCrhuEAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen-ral2JQCrhuEAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org>
---

Changes in v2:
 - Folded the deletion of the _PAGE_NX code into this patch.

 arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c         | 17 ++++++-----------
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
index 9abe0c9b1098..d5240be55915 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
@@ -885,15 +885,10 @@ static void populate_pte(struct cpa_data *cpa,
 	pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, start);
 
 	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
-
-		/* deal with the NX bit */
-		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
-			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;
-
-		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn >> PAGE_SHIFT, pgprot));
+		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn, pgprot));
 
 		start	 += PAGE_SIZE;
-		cpa->pfn += PAGE_SIZE;
+		cpa->pfn++;
 		pte++;
 	}
 }
@@ -949,11 +944,11 @@ static int populate_pmd(struct cpa_data *cpa,
 
 		pmd = pmd_offset(pud, start);
 
-		set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(cpa->pfn | _PAGE_PSE |
+		set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(cpa->pfn << PAGE_SHIFT | _PAGE_PSE |
 				   massage_pgprot(pmd_pgprot)));
 
 		start	  += PMD_SIZE;
-		cpa->pfn  += PMD_SIZE;
+		cpa->pfn  += PMD_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 		cur_pages += PMD_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	}
 
@@ -1022,11 +1017,11 @@ static int populate_pud(struct cpa_data *cpa, unsigned long start, pgd_t *pgd,
 	 * Map everything starting from the Gb boundary, possibly with 1G pages
 	 */
 	while (end - start >= PUD_SIZE) {
-		set_pud(pud, __pud(cpa->pfn | _PAGE_PSE |
+		set_pud(pud, __pud(cpa->pfn << PAGE_SHIFT | _PAGE_PSE |
 				   massage_pgprot(pud_pgprot)));
 
 		start	  += PUD_SIZE;
-		cpa->pfn  += PUD_SIZE;
+		cpa->pfn  += PUD_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 		cur_pages += PUD_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 		pud++;
 	}
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
index a0ac0f9c307f..c8b58ac47b77 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
 
 int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 {
-	unsigned long text;
+	unsigned long pfn, text;
 	struct page *page;
 	unsigned npages;
 	pgd_t *pgd;
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 	 * and ident-map those pages containing the map before calling
 	 * phys_efi_set_virtual_address_map().
 	 */
-	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pa_memmap, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
+	pfn = pa_memmap >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
 		pr_err("Error ident-mapping new memmap (0x%lx)!\n", pa_memmap);
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -176,21 +177,29 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_MIXED))
 		return 0;
 
+	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	text = __pa(_text);
+	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
+		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA32);
 	if (!page)
 		panic("Unable to allocate EFI runtime stack < 4GB\n");
 
 	efi_scratch.phys_stack = virt_to_phys(page_address(page));
-	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
-
-	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-	text = __pa(_text);
+	pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
 
-	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, text >> PAGE_SHIFT, text, npages, 0)) {
-		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
+	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, efi_scratch.phys_stack, 1, 0)) {
+		pr_err("Failed to map mixed mode stack\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
 
+	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -204,12 +213,14 @@ void __init efi_cleanup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 static void __init __map_region(efi_memory_desc_t *md, u64 va)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
-	unsigned long pf = 0;
+	unsigned long flags = 0;
+	unsigned long pfn;
 
 	if (!(md->attribute & EFI_MEMORY_WB))
-		pf |= _PAGE_PCD;
+		flags |= _PAGE_PCD;
 
-	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, md->phys_addr, va, md->num_pages, pf))
+	pfn = md->phys_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, va, md->num_pages, flags))
 		pr_warn("Error mapping PA 0x%llx -> VA 0x%llx!\n",
 			   md->phys_addr, va);
 }
-- 
2.6.2

[PATCH 2/5] x86/efi: Map RAM into the identity page table for mixed mode

[Matt Fleming]

We are relying on the pre-existing mappings in 'trampoline_pgd' when
accessing function arguments in the EFI mixed mode thunking code.

Instead let's map memory explicitly so that things will continue to
work when we move to a separate page table in the future.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
---
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
index c8b58ac47b77..634536034e32 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
 int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 {
 	unsigned long pfn, text;
+	efi_memory_desc_t *md;
 	struct page *page;
 	unsigned npages;
 	pgd_t *pgd;
@@ -200,6 +201,25 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 
 	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
 
+	/*
+	 * Map all of RAM so that we can access arguments in the 1:1
+	 * mapping when making EFI runtime calls.
+	 */
+	for_each_efi_memory_desc(&memmap, md) {
+		if (md->type != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY &&
+		    md->type != EFI_LOADER_DATA &&
+		    md->type != EFI_LOADER_CODE)
+			continue;
+
+		pfn = md->phys_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+		npages = md->num_pages;
+
+		if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, md->phys_addr, npages, 0)) {
+			pr_err("Failed to map 1:1 memory\n");
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
-- 
2.6.2

[PATCH 2/5] x86/efi: Map RAM into the identity page table for mixed mode

[Matt Fleming]

We are relying on the pre-existing mappings in 'trampoline_pgd' when
accessing function arguments in the EFI mixed mode thunking code.

Instead let's map memory explicitly so that things will continue to
work when we move to a separate page table in the future.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp-l3A5Bk7waGM@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya-ral2JQCrhuEAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org>
---
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
index c8b58ac47b77..634536034e32 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
 int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 {
 	unsigned long pfn, text;
+	efi_memory_desc_t *md;
 	struct page *page;
 	unsigned npages;
 	pgd_t *pgd;
@@ -200,6 +201,25 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 
 	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
 
+	/*
+	 * Map all of RAM so that we can access arguments in the 1:1
+	 * mapping when making EFI runtime calls.
+	 */
+	for_each_efi_memory_desc(&memmap, md) {
+		if (md->type != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY &&
+		    md->type != EFI_LOADER_DATA &&
+		    md->type != EFI_LOADER_CODE)
+			continue;
+
+		pfn = md->phys_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+		npages = md->num_pages;
+
+		if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, md->phys_addr, npages, 0)) {
+			pr_err("Failed to map 1:1 memory\n");
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
-- 
2.6.2

[PATCH v2 3/5] x86/efi: Hoist page table switching code into efi_call_virt()

[Matt Fleming]

This change is a prerequisite for pending patches that switch to a
dedicated EFI page table, instead of using 'trampoline_pgd' which
shares PGD entries with 'swapper_pg_dir'. The pending patches make it
impossible to dereference the runtime service function pointer without
first switching %cr3.

It's true that we now have duplicated switching code in
efi_call_virt() and efi_call_phys_{prolog,epilog}() but we are
sacrificing code duplication for a little more clarity and the ease of
writing the page table switching code in C instead of asm.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>,
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
---

Changes in v2:
 - Fixed up some checkpatch warnings about mixing tabs and spaces.

 arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h          | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c      | 24 ++++++++++-----------
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S | 43 -------------------------------------
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
index cfee9d4b02af..0eb45a187339 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <asm/fpu/api.h>
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
+#include <asm/tlb.h>
 
 /*
  * We map the EFI regions needed for runtime services non-contiguously,
@@ -64,6 +65,17 @@ extern u64 asmlinkage efi_call(void *fp, ...);
 
 #define efi_call_phys(f, args...)		efi_call((f), args)
 
+/*
+ * Scratch space used for switching the pagetable in the EFI stub
+ */
+struct efi_scratch {
+	u64 r15;
+	u64 prev_cr3;
+	pgd_t *efi_pgt;
+	bool use_pgd;
+	u64 phys_stack;
+} __packed;
+
 #define efi_call_virt(f, ...)						\
 ({									\
 	efi_status_t __s;						\
@@ -71,7 +83,20 @@ extern u64 asmlinkage efi_call(void *fp, ...);
 	efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings();					\
 	preempt_disable();						\
 	__kernel_fpu_begin();						\
+									\
+	if (efi_scratch.use_pgd) {					\
+		efi_scratch.prev_cr3 = read_cr3();			\
+		write_cr3((unsigned long)efi_scratch.efi_pgt);		\
+		__flush_tlb_all();					\
+	}								\
+									\
 	__s = efi_call((void *)efi.systab->runtime->f, __VA_ARGS__);	\
+									\
+	if (efi_scratch.use_pgd) {					\
+		write_cr3(efi_scratch.prev_cr3);			\
+		__flush_tlb_all();					\
+	}								\
+									\
 	__kernel_fpu_end();						\
 	preempt_enable();						\
 	__s;								\
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
index 634536034e32..ab5f14a886cc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
@@ -47,16 +47,7 @@
  */
 static u64 efi_va = EFI_VA_START;
 
-/*
- * Scratch space used for switching the pagetable in the EFI stub
- */
-struct efi_scratch {
-	u64 r15;
-	u64 prev_cr3;
-	pgd_t *efi_pgt;
-	bool use_pgd;
-	u64 phys_stack;
-} __packed;
+struct efi_scratch efi_scratch;
 
 static void __init early_code_mapping_set_exec(int executable)
 {
@@ -83,8 +74,11 @@ pgd_t * __init efi_call_phys_prolog(void)
 	int pgd;
 	int n_pgds;
 
-	if (!efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP))
-		return NULL;
+	if (!efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP)) {
+		save_pgd = (pgd_t *)read_cr3();
+		write_cr3((unsigned long)efi_scratch.efi_pgt);
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	early_code_mapping_set_exec(1);
 
@@ -96,6 +90,7 @@ pgd_t * __init efi_call_phys_prolog(void)
 		vaddress = (unsigned long)__va(pgd * PGDIR_SIZE);
 		set_pgd(pgd_offset_k(pgd * PGDIR_SIZE), *pgd_offset_k(vaddress));
 	}
+out:
 	__flush_tlb_all();
 
 	return save_pgd;
@@ -109,8 +104,11 @@ void __init efi_call_phys_epilog(pgd_t *save_pgd)
 	int pgd_idx;
 	int nr_pgds;
 
-	if (!save_pgd)
+	if (!efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP)) {
+		write_cr3((unsigned long)save_pgd);
+		__flush_tlb_all();
 		return;
+	}
 
 	nr_pgds = DIV_ROUND_UP((max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) , PGDIR_SIZE);
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S
index 86d0f9e08dd9..32020cb8bb08 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S
@@ -38,41 +38,6 @@
 	mov %rsi, %cr0;			\
 	mov (%rsp), %rsp
 
-	/* stolen from gcc */
-	.macro FLUSH_TLB_ALL
-	movq %r15, efi_scratch(%rip)
-	movq %r14, efi_scratch+8(%rip)
-	movq %cr4, %r15
-	movq %r15, %r14
-	andb $0x7f, %r14b
-	movq %r14, %cr4
-	movq %r15, %cr4
-	movq efi_scratch+8(%rip), %r14
-	movq efi_scratch(%rip), %r15
-	.endm
-
-	.macro SWITCH_PGT
-	cmpb $0, efi_scratch+24(%rip)
-	je 1f
-	movq %r15, efi_scratch(%rip)		# r15
-	# save previous CR3
-	movq %cr3, %r15
-	movq %r15, efi_scratch+8(%rip)		# prev_cr3
-	movq efi_scratch+16(%rip), %r15		# EFI pgt
-	movq %r15, %cr3
-	1:
-	.endm
-
-	.macro RESTORE_PGT
-	cmpb $0, efi_scratch+24(%rip)
-	je 2f
-	movq efi_scratch+8(%rip), %r15
-	movq %r15, %cr3
-	movq efi_scratch(%rip), %r15
-	FLUSH_TLB_ALL
-	2:
-	.endm
-
 ENTRY(efi_call)
 	SAVE_XMM
 	mov (%rsp), %rax
@@ -83,16 +48,8 @@ ENTRY(efi_call)
 	mov %r8, %r9
 	mov %rcx, %r8
 	mov %rsi, %rcx
-	SWITCH_PGT
 	call *%rdi
-	RESTORE_PGT
 	addq $48, %rsp
 	RESTORE_XMM
 	ret
 ENDPROC(efi_call)
-
-	.data
-ENTRY(efi_scratch)
-	.fill 3,8,0
-	.byte 0
-	.quad 0
-- 
2.6.2

[PATCH v2 3/5] x86/efi: Hoist page table switching code into efi_call_virt()

[Matt Fleming]

This change is a prerequisite for pending patches that switch to a
dedicated EFI page table, instead of using 'trampoline_pgd' which
shares PGD entries with 'swapper_pg_dir'. The pending patches make it
impossible to dereference the runtime service function pointer without
first switching %cr3.

It's true that we now have duplicated switching code in
efi_call_virt() and efi_call_phys_{prolog,epilog}() but we are
sacrificing code duplication for a little more clarity and the ease of
writing the page table switching code in C instead of asm.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp-l3A5Bk7waGM@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya-ral2JQCrhuEAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds-de/tnXTf+JLsfHDXvbKv3WD2FQJk+8+b@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej-rdkfGonbjUTCLXcRTR1eJlpr/1R2p/CL@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx-hfZtesqFncYOwBW4kG4KsQ@public.gmane.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa-YMNOUZJC4hwAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm-de/tnXTf+JLsfHDXvbKv3WD2FQJk+8+b@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk-H+wXaHxf7aLQT0dZR+AlfA@public.gmane.org>,
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds-+05T5uksL2qpZYMLLGbcSA@public.gmane.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org>
---

Changes in v2:
 - Fixed up some checkpatch warnings about mixing tabs and spaces.

 arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h          | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c      | 24 ++++++++++-----------
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S | 43 -------------------------------------
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
index cfee9d4b02af..0eb45a187339 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <asm/fpu/api.h>
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
+#include <asm/tlb.h>
 
 /*
  * We map the EFI regions needed for runtime services non-contiguously,
@@ -64,6 +65,17 @@ extern u64 asmlinkage efi_call(void *fp, ...);
 
 #define efi_call_phys(f, args...)		efi_call((f), args)
 
+/*
+ * Scratch space used for switching the pagetable in the EFI stub
+ */
+struct efi_scratch {
+	u64 r15;
+	u64 prev_cr3;
+	pgd_t *efi_pgt;
+	bool use_pgd;
+	u64 phys_stack;
+} __packed;
+
 #define efi_call_virt(f, ...)						\
 ({									\
 	efi_status_t __s;						\
@@ -71,7 +83,20 @@ extern u64 asmlinkage efi_call(void *fp, ...);
 	efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings();					\
 	preempt_disable();						\
 	__kernel_fpu_begin();						\
+									\
+	if (efi_scratch.use_pgd) {					\
+		efi_scratch.prev_cr3 = read_cr3();			\
+		write_cr3((unsigned long)efi_scratch.efi_pgt);		\
+		__flush_tlb_all();					\
+	}								\
+									\
 	__s = efi_call((void *)efi.systab->runtime->f, __VA_ARGS__);	\
+									\
+	if (efi_scratch.use_pgd) {					\
+		write_cr3(efi_scratch.prev_cr3);			\
+		__flush_tlb_all();					\
+	}								\
+									\
 	__kernel_fpu_end();						\
 	preempt_enable();						\
 	__s;								\
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
index 634536034e32..ab5f14a886cc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
@@ -47,16 +47,7 @@
  */
 static u64 efi_va = EFI_VA_START;
 
-/*
- * Scratch space used for switching the pagetable in the EFI stub
- */
-struct efi_scratch {
-	u64 r15;
-	u64 prev_cr3;
-	pgd_t *efi_pgt;
-	bool use_pgd;
-	u64 phys_stack;
-} __packed;
+struct efi_scratch efi_scratch;
 
 static void __init early_code_mapping_set_exec(int executable)
 {
@@ -83,8 +74,11 @@ pgd_t * __init efi_call_phys_prolog(void)
 	int pgd;
 	int n_pgds;
 
-	if (!efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP))
-		return NULL;
+	if (!efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP)) {
+		save_pgd = (pgd_t *)read_cr3();
+		write_cr3((unsigned long)efi_scratch.efi_pgt);
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	early_code_mapping_set_exec(1);
 
@@ -96,6 +90,7 @@ pgd_t * __init efi_call_phys_prolog(void)
 		vaddress = (unsigned long)__va(pgd * PGDIR_SIZE);
 		set_pgd(pgd_offset_k(pgd * PGDIR_SIZE), *pgd_offset_k(vaddress));
 	}
+out:
 	__flush_tlb_all();
 
 	return save_pgd;
@@ -109,8 +104,11 @@ void __init efi_call_phys_epilog(pgd_t *save_pgd)
 	int pgd_idx;
 	int nr_pgds;
 
-	if (!save_pgd)
+	if (!efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP)) {
+		write_cr3((unsigned long)save_pgd);
+		__flush_tlb_all();
 		return;
+	}
 
 	nr_pgds = DIV_ROUND_UP((max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) , PGDIR_SIZE);
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S
index 86d0f9e08dd9..32020cb8bb08 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_stub_64.S
@@ -38,41 +38,6 @@
 	mov %rsi, %cr0;			\
 	mov (%rsp), %rsp
 
-	/* stolen from gcc */
-	.macro FLUSH_TLB_ALL
-	movq %r15, efi_scratch(%rip)
-	movq %r14, efi_scratch+8(%rip)
-	movq %cr4, %r15
-	movq %r15, %r14
-	andb $0x7f, %r14b
-	movq %r14, %cr4
-	movq %r15, %cr4
-	movq efi_scratch+8(%rip), %r14
-	movq efi_scratch(%rip), %r15
-	.endm
-
-	.macro SWITCH_PGT
-	cmpb $0, efi_scratch+24(%rip)
-	je 1f
-	movq %r15, efi_scratch(%rip)		# r15
-	# save previous CR3
-	movq %cr3, %r15
-	movq %r15, efi_scratch+8(%rip)		# prev_cr3
-	movq efi_scratch+16(%rip), %r15		# EFI pgt
-	movq %r15, %cr3
-	1:
-	.endm
-
-	.macro RESTORE_PGT
-	cmpb $0, efi_scratch+24(%rip)
-	je 2f
-	movq efi_scratch+8(%rip), %r15
-	movq %r15, %cr3
-	movq efi_scratch(%rip), %r15
-	FLUSH_TLB_ALL
-	2:
-	.endm
-
 ENTRY(efi_call)
 	SAVE_XMM
 	mov (%rsp), %rax
@@ -83,16 +48,8 @@ ENTRY(efi_call)
 	mov %r8, %r9
 	mov %rcx, %r8
 	mov %rsi, %rcx
-	SWITCH_PGT
 	call *%rdi
-	RESTORE_PGT
 	addq $48, %rsp
 	RESTORE_XMM
 	ret
 ENDPROC(efi_call)
-
-	.data
-ENTRY(efi_scratch)
-	.fill 3,8,0
-	.byte 0
-	.quad 0
-- 
2.6.2

[PATCH v2 4/5] x86/efi: Build our own page table structures

[Matt Fleming]

With commit e1a58320a38d ("x86/mm: Warn on W^X mappings") all users
booting on 64-bit UEFI machines see the following warning,

  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  WARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 1 at arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c:225 note_page+0x5dc/0x780()
  x86/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address ffff88000005f000/0xffff88000005f000
  ...
  x86/mm: Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, 165660 W+X pages found.
  ...

This is caused by mapping EFI regions with RWX permissions. There
isn't much we can do to restrict the permissions for these regions due
to the way the firmware toolchains mix code and data, but we can at
least isolate these mappings so that they do not appear in the regular
kernel page tables.

In commit d2f7cbe7b26a ("x86/efi: Runtime services virtual mapping")
we started using 'trampoline_pgd' to map the EFI regions because there
was an existing identity mapping there which we use during the
SetVirtualAddressMap() call and for broken firmware that accesses
those addresses.

But 'trampoline_pgd' shares some PGD entries with 'swapper_pg_dir' and
does not provide the isolation we require. Notably the virtual address
for __START_KERNEL_map and MODULES_START are mapped by the same PGD
entry so we need to be more careful when copying changes over in
efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings().

This patch doesn't go the full mile, we still want to share some PGD
entries with 'swapper_pg_dir'. Having completely separate page tables
brings its own issues such as synchronising new mappings after memory
hotplug and module loading. Sharing also keeps memory usage down.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>,
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
---

Changes in v2:
 - Move efi_alloc_page_tables() earlier in __efi_enter_virtual_mode()
   so we return early if we fail to allocate memory.

 - More checkpatch warning fixes.

 - Ident the BUILD_BUG_ON() asserts according to Boris' request

 arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h     |  1 +
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c    | 39 ++++++-----------
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c |  5 +++
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c | 97 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 4 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
index 0eb45a187339..9be9f4963070 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ extern void __init efi_memory_uc(u64 addr, unsigned long size);
 extern void __init efi_map_region(efi_memory_desc_t *md);
 extern void __init efi_map_region_fixed(efi_memory_desc_t *md);
 extern void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void);
+extern int __init efi_alloc_page_tables(void);
 extern int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages);
 extern void __init efi_cleanup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages);
 extern void __init old_map_region(efi_memory_desc_t *md);
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c
index c69e58fb7f19..e1f7c7f79ec5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ static void __init kexec_enter_virtual_mode(void)
  * This function will switch the EFI runtime services to virtual mode.
  * Essentially, we look through the EFI memmap and map every region that
  * has the runtime attribute bit set in its memory descriptor into the
- * ->trampoline_pgd page table using a top-down VA allocation scheme.
+ * efi_pgd page table.
  *
  * The old method which used to update that memory descriptor with the
  * virtual address obtained from ioremap() is still supported when the
@@ -814,8 +814,8 @@ static void __init kexec_enter_virtual_mode(void)
  *
  * The new method does a pagetable switch in a preemption-safe manner
  * so that we're in a different address space when calling a runtime
- * function. For function arguments passing we do copy the PGDs of the
- * kernel page table into ->trampoline_pgd prior to each call.
+ * function. For function arguments passing we do copy the PUDs of the
+ * kernel page table into efi_pgd prior to each call.
  *
  * Specially for kexec boot, efi runtime maps in previous kernel should
  * be passed in via setup_data. In that case runtime ranges will be mapped
@@ -830,6 +830,12 @@ static void __init __efi_enter_virtual_mode(void)
 
 	efi.systab = NULL;
 
+	if (efi_alloc_page_tables()) {
+		pr_err("Failed to allocate EFI page tables\n");
+		clear_bit(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES, &efi.flags);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	efi_merge_regions();
 	new_memmap = efi_map_regions(&count, &pg_shift);
 	if (!new_memmap) {
@@ -889,28 +895,11 @@ static void __init __efi_enter_virtual_mode(void)
 	efi_runtime_mkexec();
 
 	/*
-	 * We mapped the descriptor array into the EFI pagetable above but we're
-	 * not unmapping it here. Here's why:
-	 *
-	 * We're copying select PGDs from the kernel page table to the EFI page
-	 * table and when we do so and make changes to those PGDs like unmapping
-	 * stuff from them, those changes appear in the kernel page table and we
-	 * go boom.
-	 *
-	 * From setup_real_mode():
-	 *
-	 * ...
-	 * trampoline_pgd[0] = init_level4_pgt[pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)].pgd;
-	 *
-	 * In this particular case, our allocation is in PGD 0 of the EFI page
-	 * table but we've copied that PGD from PGD[272] of the EFI page table:
-	 *
-	 *	pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET = 0xffff880000000000) = 272
-	 *
-	 * where the direct memory mapping in kernel space is.
-	 *
-	 * new_memmap's VA comes from that direct mapping and thus clearing it,
-	 * it would get cleared in the kernel page table too.
+	 * We mapped the descriptor array into the EFI pagetable above
+	 * but we're not unmapping it here because if we're running in
+	 * EFI mixed mode we need all of memory to be accessible when
+	 * we pass parameters to the EFI runtime services in the
+	 * thunking code.
 	 *
 	 * efi_cleanup_page_tables(__pa(new_memmap), 1 << pg_shift);
 	 */
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c
index ed5b67338294..58d669bc8250 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@
  * say 0 - 3G.
  */
 
+int __init efi_alloc_page_tables(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void) {}
 void __init efi_dump_pagetable(void) {}
 int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
index ab5f14a886cc..6768e82cacfc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
 #include <asm/realmode.h>
 #include <asm/time.h>
+#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
 
 /*
  * We allocate runtime services regions bottom-up, starting from -4G, i.e.
@@ -121,22 +122,92 @@ void __init efi_call_phys_epilog(pgd_t *save_pgd)
 	early_code_mapping_set_exec(0);
 }
 
+static pgd_t *efi_pgd;
+
+/*
+ * We need our own copy of the higher levels of the page tables
+ * because we want to avoid inserting EFI region mappings (EFI_VA_END
+ * to EFI_VA_START) into the standard kernel page tables. Everything
+ * else can be shared, see efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings().
+ */
+int __init efi_alloc_page_tables(void)
+{
+	pgd_t *pgd;
+	pud_t *pud;
+	gfp_t gfp_mask;
+
+	if (efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP))
+		return 0;
+
+	gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOTRACK | __GFP_REPEAT | __GFP_ZERO;
+	efi_pgd = (pgd_t *)__get_free_page(gfp_mask);
+	if (!efi_pgd)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	pgd = efi_pgd + pgd_index(EFI_VA_END);
+
+	pud = pud_alloc_one(NULL, 0);
+	if (!pud) {
+		free_page((unsigned long)efi_pgd);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	pgd_populate(NULL, pgd, pud);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Add low kernel mappings for passing arguments to EFI functions.
  */
 void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
 {
-	unsigned num_pgds;
-	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
+	unsigned num_entries;
+	pgd_t *pgd_k, *pgd_efi;
+	pud_t *pud_k, *pud_efi;
 
 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP))
 		return;
 
-	num_pgds = pgd_index(MODULES_END - 1) - pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET);
+	/*
+	 * We can share all PGD entries apart from the one entry that
+	 * covers the EFI runtime mapping space.
+	 *
+	 * Make sure the EFI runtime region mappings are guaranteed to
+	 * only span a single PGD entry and that the entry also maps
+	 * other important kernel regions.
+	 */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(pgd_index(EFI_VA_END) != pgd_index(MODULES_END));
+	BUILD_BUG_ON((EFI_VA_START & PGDIR_MASK) !=
+			(EFI_VA_END & PGDIR_MASK));
+
+	pgd_efi = efi_pgd + pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET);
+	pgd_k = pgd_offset_k(PAGE_OFFSET);
+
+	num_entries = pgd_index(EFI_VA_END) - pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET);
+	memcpy(pgd_efi, pgd_k, sizeof(pgd_t) * num_entries);
 
-	memcpy(pgd + pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET),
-		init_mm.pgd + pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET),
-		sizeof(pgd_t) * num_pgds);
+	/*
+	 * We share all the PUD entries apart from those that map the
+	 * EFI regions. Copy around them.
+	 */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON((EFI_VA_START & ~PUD_MASK) != 0);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON((EFI_VA_END & ~PUD_MASK) != 0);
+
+	pgd_efi = efi_pgd + pgd_index(EFI_VA_END);
+	pud_efi = pud_offset(pgd_efi, 0);
+
+	pgd_k = pgd_offset_k(EFI_VA_END);
+	pud_k = pud_offset(pgd_k, 0);
+
+	num_entries = pud_index(EFI_VA_END);
+	memcpy(pud_efi, pud_k, sizeof(pud_t) * num_entries);
+
+	pud_efi = pud_offset(pgd_efi, EFI_VA_START);
+	pud_k = pud_offset(pgd_k, EFI_VA_START);
+
+	num_entries = PTRS_PER_PUD - pud_index(EFI_VA_START);
+	memcpy(pud_efi, pud_k, sizeof(pud_t) * num_entries);
 }
 
 int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
@@ -150,8 +221,8 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP))
 		return 0;
 
-	efi_scratch.efi_pgt = (pgd_t *)(unsigned long)real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd;
-	pgd = __va(efi_scratch.efi_pgt);
+	efi_scratch.efi_pgt = (pgd_t *)__pa(efi_pgd);
+	pgd = efi_pgd;
 
 	/*
 	 * It can happen that the physical address of new_memmap lands in memory
@@ -223,16 +294,14 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 
 void __init efi_cleanup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 {
-	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
-
-	kernel_unmap_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pa_memmap, num_pages);
+	kernel_unmap_pages_in_pgd(efi_pgd, pa_memmap, num_pages);
 }
 
 static void __init __map_region(efi_memory_desc_t *md, u64 va)
 {
-	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
 	unsigned long flags = 0;
 	unsigned long pfn;
+	pgd_t *pgd = efi_pgd;
 
 	if (!(md->attribute & EFI_MEMORY_WB))
 		flags |= _PAGE_PCD;
@@ -341,9 +410,7 @@ void __init efi_runtime_mkexec(void)
 void __init efi_dump_pagetable(void)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_PGT_DUMP
-	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
-
-	ptdump_walk_pgd_level(NULL, pgd);
+	ptdump_walk_pgd_level(NULL, efi_pgd);
 #endif
 }
 
-- 
2.6.2

[PATCH v2 4/5] x86/efi: Build our own page table structures

[Matt Fleming]

With commit e1a58320a38d ("x86/mm: Warn on W^X mappings") all users
booting on 64-bit UEFI machines see the following warning,

  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  WARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 1 at arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c:225 note_page+0x5dc/0x780()
  x86/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address ffff88000005f000/0xffff88000005f000
  ...
  x86/mm: Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, 165660 W+X pages found.
  ...

This is caused by mapping EFI regions with RWX permissions. There
isn't much we can do to restrict the permissions for these regions due
to the way the firmware toolchains mix code and data, but we can at
least isolate these mappings so that they do not appear in the regular
kernel page tables.

In commit d2f7cbe7b26a ("x86/efi: Runtime services virtual mapping")
we started using 'trampoline_pgd' to map the EFI regions because there
was an existing identity mapping there which we use during the
SetVirtualAddressMap() call and for broken firmware that accesses
those addresses.

But 'trampoline_pgd' shares some PGD entries with 'swapper_pg_dir' and
does not provide the isolation we require. Notably the virtual address
for __START_KERNEL_map and MODULES_START are mapped by the same PGD
entry so we need to be more careful when copying changes over in
efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings().

This patch doesn't go the full mile, we still want to share some PGD
entries with 'swapper_pg_dir'. Having completely separate page tables
brings its own issues such as synchronising new mappings after memory
hotplug and module loading. Sharing also keeps memory usage down.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp-l3A5Bk7waGM@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya-ral2JQCrhuEAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds-de/tnXTf+JLsfHDXvbKv3WD2FQJk+8+b@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej-rdkfGonbjUTCLXcRTR1eJlpr/1R2p/CL@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx-hfZtesqFncYOwBW4kG4KsQ@public.gmane.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa-YMNOUZJC4hwAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm-de/tnXTf+JLsfHDXvbKv3WD2FQJk+8+b@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk-H+wXaHxf7aLQT0dZR+AlfA@public.gmane.org>,
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds-+05T5uksL2qpZYMLLGbcSA@public.gmane.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org>
---

Changes in v2:
 - Move efi_alloc_page_tables() earlier in __efi_enter_virtual_mode()
   so we return early if we fail to allocate memory.

 - More checkpatch warning fixes.

 - Ident the BUILD_BUG_ON() asserts according to Boris' request

 arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h     |  1 +
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c    | 39 ++++++-----------
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c |  5 +++
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c | 97 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 4 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
index 0eb45a187339..9be9f4963070 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ extern void __init efi_memory_uc(u64 addr, unsigned long size);
 extern void __init efi_map_region(efi_memory_desc_t *md);
 extern void __init efi_map_region_fixed(efi_memory_desc_t *md);
 extern void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void);
+extern int __init efi_alloc_page_tables(void);
 extern int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages);
 extern void __init efi_cleanup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages);
 extern void __init old_map_region(efi_memory_desc_t *md);
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c
index c69e58fb7f19..e1f7c7f79ec5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ static void __init kexec_enter_virtual_mode(void)
  * This function will switch the EFI runtime services to virtual mode.
  * Essentially, we look through the EFI memmap and map every region that
  * has the runtime attribute bit set in its memory descriptor into the
- * ->trampoline_pgd page table using a top-down VA allocation scheme.
+ * efi_pgd page table.
  *
  * The old method which used to update that memory descriptor with the
  * virtual address obtained from ioremap() is still supported when the
@@ -814,8 +814,8 @@ static void __init kexec_enter_virtual_mode(void)
  *
  * The new method does a pagetable switch in a preemption-safe manner
  * so that we're in a different address space when calling a runtime
- * function. For function arguments passing we do copy the PGDs of the
- * kernel page table into ->trampoline_pgd prior to each call.
+ * function. For function arguments passing we do copy the PUDs of the
+ * kernel page table into efi_pgd prior to each call.
  *
  * Specially for kexec boot, efi runtime maps in previous kernel should
  * be passed in via setup_data. In that case runtime ranges will be mapped
@@ -830,6 +830,12 @@ static void __init __efi_enter_virtual_mode(void)
 
 	efi.systab = NULL;
 
+	if (efi_alloc_page_tables()) {
+		pr_err("Failed to allocate EFI page tables\n");
+		clear_bit(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES, &efi.flags);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	efi_merge_regions();
 	new_memmap = efi_map_regions(&count, &pg_shift);
 	if (!new_memmap) {
@@ -889,28 +895,11 @@ static void __init __efi_enter_virtual_mode(void)
 	efi_runtime_mkexec();
 
 	/*
-	 * We mapped the descriptor array into the EFI pagetable above but we're
-	 * not unmapping it here. Here's why:
-	 *
-	 * We're copying select PGDs from the kernel page table to the EFI page
-	 * table and when we do so and make changes to those PGDs like unmapping
-	 * stuff from them, those changes appear in the kernel page table and we
-	 * go boom.
-	 *
-	 * From setup_real_mode():
-	 *
-	 * ...
-	 * trampoline_pgd[0] = init_level4_pgt[pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)].pgd;
-	 *
-	 * In this particular case, our allocation is in PGD 0 of the EFI page
-	 * table but we've copied that PGD from PGD[272] of the EFI page table:
-	 *
-	 *	pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET = 0xffff880000000000) = 272
-	 *
-	 * where the direct memory mapping in kernel space is.
-	 *
-	 * new_memmap's VA comes from that direct mapping and thus clearing it,
-	 * it would get cleared in the kernel page table too.
+	 * We mapped the descriptor array into the EFI pagetable above
+	 * but we're not unmapping it here because if we're running in
+	 * EFI mixed mode we need all of memory to be accessible when
+	 * we pass parameters to the EFI runtime services in the
+	 * thunking code.
 	 *
 	 * efi_cleanup_page_tables(__pa(new_memmap), 1 << pg_shift);
 	 */
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c
index ed5b67338294..58d669bc8250 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_32.c
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@
  * say 0 - 3G.
  */
 
+int __init efi_alloc_page_tables(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void) {}
 void __init efi_dump_pagetable(void) {}
 int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
index ab5f14a886cc..6768e82cacfc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
 #include <asm/realmode.h>
 #include <asm/time.h>
+#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
 
 /*
  * We allocate runtime services regions bottom-up, starting from -4G, i.e.
@@ -121,22 +122,92 @@ void __init efi_call_phys_epilog(pgd_t *save_pgd)
 	early_code_mapping_set_exec(0);
 }
 
+static pgd_t *efi_pgd;
+
+/*
+ * We need our own copy of the higher levels of the page tables
+ * because we want to avoid inserting EFI region mappings (EFI_VA_END
+ * to EFI_VA_START) into the standard kernel page tables. Everything
+ * else can be shared, see efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings().
+ */
+int __init efi_alloc_page_tables(void)
+{
+	pgd_t *pgd;
+	pud_t *pud;
+	gfp_t gfp_mask;
+
+	if (efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP))
+		return 0;
+
+	gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOTRACK | __GFP_REPEAT | __GFP_ZERO;
+	efi_pgd = (pgd_t *)__get_free_page(gfp_mask);
+	if (!efi_pgd)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	pgd = efi_pgd + pgd_index(EFI_VA_END);
+
+	pud = pud_alloc_one(NULL, 0);
+	if (!pud) {
+		free_page((unsigned long)efi_pgd);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	pgd_populate(NULL, pgd, pud);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Add low kernel mappings for passing arguments to EFI functions.
  */
 void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
 {
-	unsigned num_pgds;
-	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
+	unsigned num_entries;
+	pgd_t *pgd_k, *pgd_efi;
+	pud_t *pud_k, *pud_efi;
 
 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP))
 		return;
 
-	num_pgds = pgd_index(MODULES_END - 1) - pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET);
+	/*
+	 * We can share all PGD entries apart from the one entry that
+	 * covers the EFI runtime mapping space.
+	 *
+	 * Make sure the EFI runtime region mappings are guaranteed to
+	 * only span a single PGD entry and that the entry also maps
+	 * other important kernel regions.
+	 */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(pgd_index(EFI_VA_END) != pgd_index(MODULES_END));
+	BUILD_BUG_ON((EFI_VA_START & PGDIR_MASK) !=
+			(EFI_VA_END & PGDIR_MASK));
+
+	pgd_efi = efi_pgd + pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET);
+	pgd_k = pgd_offset_k(PAGE_OFFSET);
+
+	num_entries = pgd_index(EFI_VA_END) - pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET);
+	memcpy(pgd_efi, pgd_k, sizeof(pgd_t) * num_entries);
 
-	memcpy(pgd + pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET),
-		init_mm.pgd + pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET),
-		sizeof(pgd_t) * num_pgds);
+	/*
+	 * We share all the PUD entries apart from those that map the
+	 * EFI regions. Copy around them.
+	 */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON((EFI_VA_START & ~PUD_MASK) != 0);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON((EFI_VA_END & ~PUD_MASK) != 0);
+
+	pgd_efi = efi_pgd + pgd_index(EFI_VA_END);
+	pud_efi = pud_offset(pgd_efi, 0);
+
+	pgd_k = pgd_offset_k(EFI_VA_END);
+	pud_k = pud_offset(pgd_k, 0);
+
+	num_entries = pud_index(EFI_VA_END);
+	memcpy(pud_efi, pud_k, sizeof(pud_t) * num_entries);
+
+	pud_efi = pud_offset(pgd_efi, EFI_VA_START);
+	pud_k = pud_offset(pgd_k, EFI_VA_START);
+
+	num_entries = PTRS_PER_PUD - pud_index(EFI_VA_START);
+	memcpy(pud_efi, pud_k, sizeof(pud_t) * num_entries);
 }
 
 int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
@@ -150,8 +221,8 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_OLD_MEMMAP))
 		return 0;
 
-	efi_scratch.efi_pgt = (pgd_t *)(unsigned long)real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd;
-	pgd = __va(efi_scratch.efi_pgt);
+	efi_scratch.efi_pgt = (pgd_t *)__pa(efi_pgd);
+	pgd = efi_pgd;
 
 	/*
 	 * It can happen that the physical address of new_memmap lands in memory
@@ -223,16 +294,14 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 
 void __init efi_cleanup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
 {
-	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
-
-	kernel_unmap_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pa_memmap, num_pages);
+	kernel_unmap_pages_in_pgd(efi_pgd, pa_memmap, num_pages);
 }
 
 static void __init __map_region(efi_memory_desc_t *md, u64 va)
 {
-	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
 	unsigned long flags = 0;
 	unsigned long pfn;
+	pgd_t *pgd = efi_pgd;
 
 	if (!(md->attribute & EFI_MEMORY_WB))
 		flags |= _PAGE_PCD;
@@ -341,9 +410,7 @@ void __init efi_runtime_mkexec(void)
 void __init efi_dump_pagetable(void)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_PGT_DUMP
-	pgd_t *pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd);
-
-	ptdump_walk_pgd_level(NULL, pgd);
+	ptdump_walk_pgd_level(NULL, efi_pgd);
 #endif
 }
 
-- 
2.6.2

[PATCH 5/5] Documentation/x86: Update EFI memory region description

[Matt Fleming]

Make it clear that the EFI page tables are only available during EFI
runtime calls since that subject has come up a fair numbers of times
in the past.

Additionally, add the EFI region start and end addresses to the table
so that it's possible to see at a glance where they fall in relation
to other regions.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>,
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
---
 Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt
index 05712ac83e38..a9885bb1ac22 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ ffffec0000000000 - fffffc0000000000 (=44 bits) kasan shadow memory (16TB)
 ... unused hole ...
 ffffff0000000000 - ffffff7fffffffff (=39 bits) %esp fixup stacks
 ... unused hole ...
+ffffffef00000000 - ffffffff00000000 (=64 GB) EFI region mapping space
+... unused hole ...
 ffffffff80000000 - ffffffffa0000000 (=512 MB)  kernel text mapping, from phys 0
 ffffffffa0000000 - ffffffffff5fffff (=1525 MB) module mapping space
 ffffffffff600000 - ffffffffffdfffff (=8 MB) vsyscalls
@@ -32,11 +34,9 @@ reference.
 Current X86-64 implementations only support 40 bits of address space,
 but we support up to 46 bits. This expands into MBZ space in the page tables.
 
-->trampoline_pgd:
-
-We map EFI runtime services in the aforementioned PGD in the virtual
-range of 64Gb (arbitrarily set, can be raised if needed)
-
-0xffffffef00000000 - 0xffffffff00000000
+We map EFI runtime services in the efi_pgd PGD in the virtual range of
+64Gb (arbitrarily set, can be raised if needed). The mappings are not
+part of any other kernel PGD and are only available during EFI runtime
+calls.
 
 -Andi Kleen, Jul 2004
-- 
2.6.2

[PATCH 5/5] Documentation/x86: Update EFI memory region description

[Matt Fleming]

Make it clear that the EFI page tables are only available during EFI
runtime calls since that subject has come up a fair numbers of times
in the past.

Additionally, add the EFI region start and end addresses to the table
so that it's possible to see at a glance where they fall in relation
to other regions.

Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp-l3A5Bk7waGM@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya-ral2JQCrhuEAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds-de/tnXTf+JLsfHDXvbKv3WD2FQJk+8+b@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej-rdkfGonbjUTCLXcRTR1eJlpr/1R2p/CL@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx-hfZtesqFncYOwBW4kG4KsQ@public.gmane.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa-YMNOUZJC4hwAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm-de/tnXTf+JLsfHDXvbKv3WD2FQJk+8+b@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk-H+wXaHxf7aLQT0dZR+AlfA@public.gmane.org>,
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds-+05T5uksL2qpZYMLLGbcSA@public.gmane.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org>
---
 Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt
index 05712ac83e38..a9885bb1ac22 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ ffffec0000000000 - fffffc0000000000 (=44 bits) kasan shadow memory (16TB)
 ... unused hole ...
 ffffff0000000000 - ffffff7fffffffff (=39 bits) %esp fixup stacks
 ... unused hole ...
+ffffffef00000000 - ffffffff00000000 (=64 GB) EFI region mapping space
+... unused hole ...
 ffffffff80000000 - ffffffffa0000000 (=512 MB)  kernel text mapping, from phys 0
 ffffffffa0000000 - ffffffffff5fffff (=1525 MB) module mapping space
 ffffffffff600000 - ffffffffffdfffff (=8 MB) vsyscalls
@@ -32,11 +34,9 @@ reference.
 Current X86-64 implementations only support 40 bits of address space,
 but we support up to 46 bits. This expands into MBZ space in the page tables.
 
-->trampoline_pgd:
-
-We map EFI runtime services in the aforementioned PGD in the virtual
-range of 64Gb (arbitrarily set, can be raised if needed)
-
-0xffffffef00000000 - 0xffffffff00000000
+We map EFI runtime services in the efi_pgd PGD in the virtual range of
+64Gb (arbitrarily set, can be raised if needed). The mappings are not
+part of any other kernel PGD and are only available during EFI runtime
+calls.
 
 -Andi Kleen, Jul 2004
-- 
2.6.2

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Dave Hansen]

I'm glad you're looking at this. It obviously needed some love. :)

On 11/14/2015 02:00 PM, Matt Fleming wrote:
> +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +	text = __pa(_text);
> +	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
> +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
> +		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> +		return 1;
> +	}

Are _end and _text guaranteed to be aligned?  If not, I think the
calculation might be wrong.  Just for fun, imagine that _end=0xfff and
_text=0x1001.  npages would be 0.

Some other code like set_kernel_text_rw() does alignment on _text.

One nit is that there's quite a bit going on here, like rearranging the
phys_stack arithmetic ordering that is far beyond just simplifying the
paddr vs. pfn issue, but that isn't called out in the changelog at all.

Your fixes all look correct to me, fwiw.

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Dave Hansen]

I'm glad you're looking at this. It obviously needed some love. :)

On 11/14/2015 02:00 PM, Matt Fleming wrote:
> +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +	text = __pa(_text);
> +	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
> +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
> +		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> +		return 1;
> +	}

Are _end and _text guaranteed to be aligned?  If not, I think the
calculation might be wrong.  Just for fun, imagine that _end=0xfff and
_text=0x1001.  npages would be 0.

Some other code like set_kernel_text_rw() does alignment on _text.

One nit is that there's quite a bit going on here, like rearranging the
phys_stack arithmetic ordering that is far beyond just simplifying the
paddr vs. pfn issue, but that isn't called out in the changelog at all.

Your fixes all look correct to me, fwiw.

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Sat, 14 Nov 2015, Matt Fleming wrote:
> The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
> cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
> it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
> treated as a pte.

Yuck.
 
> The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
> intended physical address.
> 
> This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
> mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
> and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
> this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
> runtime this will be an issue.

Are you sure that this does not affect existing kernel versions?

>  	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
> -
> -		/* deal with the NX bit */
> -		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
> -			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;

That should be a seperate patch because this is just bogus code and
has nothing to do with the pfn confusion.

> -
> -		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn >> PAGE_SHIFT, pgprot));
> +		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn, pgprot));

> diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> index a0ac0f9c307f..c8b58ac47b77 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
>  
>  int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
>  {
> -	unsigned long text;
> +	unsigned long pfn, text;
>  	struct page *page;
>  	unsigned npages;
>  	pgd_t *pgd;
> @@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
>  	 * and ident-map those pages containing the map before calling
>  	 * phys_efi_set_virtual_address_map().
>  	 */
> -	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pa_memmap, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
> +	pfn = pa_memmap >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
>  		pr_err("Error ident-mapping new memmap (0x%lx)!\n", pa_memmap);
>  		return 1;
>  	}
> @@ -176,21 +177,29 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
>  	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_MIXED))
>  		return 0;
>  
> +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

You really need to PFN_ALIGN _end and _text. Has been wrong in the
existing code as well.

> +	text = __pa(_text);
> +	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
> +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
> +		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> +		return 1;
> +	}
> +
>  	page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA32);
>  	if (!page)
>  		panic("Unable to allocate EFI runtime stack < 4GB\n");
>  
>  	efi_scratch.phys_stack = virt_to_phys(page_address(page));
> -	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
> -
> -	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> -	text = __pa(_text);
> +	pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
>  
> -	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, text >> PAGE_SHIFT, text, npages, 0)) {
> -		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, efi_scratch.phys_stack, 1, 0)) {

This looks like an unrelated change, hmm?

> +		pr_err("Failed to map mixed mode stack\n");
>  		return 1;
>  	}
>  
> +	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
> +
>  	return 0;
>  }

Thanks,

	tglx

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Sat, 14 Nov 2015, Matt Fleming wrote:
> The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
> cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
> it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
> treated as a pte.

Yuck.
 
> The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
> intended physical address.
> 
> This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
> mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
> and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
> this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
> runtime this will be an issue.

Are you sure that this does not affect existing kernel versions?

>  	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
> -
> -		/* deal with the NX bit */
> -		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
> -			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;

That should be a seperate patch because this is just bogus code and
has nothing to do with the pfn confusion.

> -
> -		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn >> PAGE_SHIFT, pgprot));
> +		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn, pgprot));

> diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> index a0ac0f9c307f..c8b58ac47b77 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
>  
>  int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
>  {
> -	unsigned long text;
> +	unsigned long pfn, text;
>  	struct page *page;
>  	unsigned npages;
>  	pgd_t *pgd;
> @@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
>  	 * and ident-map those pages containing the map before calling
>  	 * phys_efi_set_virtual_address_map().
>  	 */
> -	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pa_memmap, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
> +	pfn = pa_memmap >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
>  		pr_err("Error ident-mapping new memmap (0x%lx)!\n", pa_memmap);
>  		return 1;
>  	}
> @@ -176,21 +177,29 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
>  	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_MIXED))
>  		return 0;
>  
> +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

You really need to PFN_ALIGN _end and _text. Has been wrong in the
existing code as well.

> +	text = __pa(_text);
> +	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
> +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
> +		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> +		return 1;
> +	}
> +
>  	page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA32);
>  	if (!page)
>  		panic("Unable to allocate EFI runtime stack < 4GB\n");
>  
>  	efi_scratch.phys_stack = virt_to_phys(page_address(page));
> -	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
> -
> -	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> -	text = __pa(_text);
> +	pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
>  
> -	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, text >> PAGE_SHIFT, text, npages, 0)) {
> -		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, efi_scratch.phys_stack, 1, 0)) {

This looks like an unrelated change, hmm?

> +		pr_err("Failed to map mixed mode stack\n");
>  		return 1;
>  	}
>  
> +	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
> +
>  	return 0;
>  }

Thanks,

	tglx

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Borislav Petkov]

On Mon, Nov 16, 2015 at 09:19:01PM +0100, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> On Sat, 14 Nov 2015, Matt Fleming wrote:
> > The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
> > cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
> > it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
> > treated as a pte.
> 
> Yuck.

This paragraph should read like this instead:

"Boris used cpa->pfn as a scratch variable to contain the physical
address. He realizes now that he should've added a separate
cpa_data.phys_addr then, instead of confusing everybody."

> > The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
> > intended physical address.
> > 
> > This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
> > mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
> > and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
> > this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
> > runtime this will be an issue.
> 
> Are you sure that this does not affect existing kernel versions?

Shouldn't because with this new patchset we're copying all the PGDs from
the kernel page table before doing an EFI call, see
efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings() in patch 5.

> >  	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
> > -
> > -		/* deal with the NX bit */
> > -		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
> > -			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;
> 
> That should be a seperate patch because this is just bogus code and
> has nothing to do with the pfn confusion.

Why bogus?

-- 
Regards/Gruss,
    Boris.

SUSE Linux GmbH, GF: Felix Imendörffer, Jane Smithard, Graham Norton, HRB 21284 (AG Nürnberg)
-- 

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Mon, 16 Nov 2015, Borislav Petkov wrote:
> On Mon, Nov 16, 2015 at 09:19:01PM +0100, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> > On Sat, 14 Nov 2015, Matt Fleming wrote:
> > > The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
> > > cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
> > > it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
> > > treated as a pte.
> > 
> > Yuck.
> 
> This paragraph should read like this instead:
> 
> "Boris used cpa->pfn as a scratch variable to contain the physical
> address. He realizes now that he should've added a separate
> cpa_data.phys_addr then, instead of confusing everybody."
> 
> > > The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
> > > intended physical address.
> > > 
> > > This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
> > > mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
> > > and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
> > > this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
> > > runtime this will be an issue.
> > 
> > Are you sure that this does not affect existing kernel versions?
> 
> Shouldn't because with this new patchset we're copying all the PGDs from
> the kernel page table before doing an EFI call, see
> efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings() in patch 5.
> 
> > >  	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
> > > -
> > > -		/* deal with the NX bit */
> > > -		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
> > > -			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;
> > 
> > That should be a seperate patch because this is just bogus code and
> > has nothing to do with the pfn confusion.
> 
> Why bogus?

Even with cpa->pfn used as an address it cannot ever be set as the
address is page aligned ....

Thanks,

	tglx

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Mon, 16 Nov 2015, Borislav Petkov wrote:
> On Mon, Nov 16, 2015 at 09:19:01PM +0100, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> > On Sat, 14 Nov 2015, Matt Fleming wrote:
> > > The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
> > > cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
> > > it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
> > > treated as a pte.
> > 
> > Yuck.
> 
> This paragraph should read like this instead:
> 
> "Boris used cpa->pfn as a scratch variable to contain the physical
> address. He realizes now that he should've added a separate
> cpa_data.phys_addr then, instead of confusing everybody."
> 
> > > The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
> > > intended physical address.
> > > 
> > > This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
> > > mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
> > > and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
> > > this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
> > > runtime this will be an issue.
> > 
> > Are you sure that this does not affect existing kernel versions?
> 
> Shouldn't because with this new patchset we're copying all the PGDs from
> the kernel page table before doing an EFI call, see
> efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings() in patch 5.
> 
> > >  	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
> > > -
> > > -		/* deal with the NX bit */
> > > -		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
> > > -			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;
> > 
> > That should be a seperate patch because this is just bogus code and
> > has nothing to do with the pfn confusion.
> 
> Why bogus?

Even with cpa->pfn used as an address it cannot ever be set as the
address is page aligned ....

Thanks,

	tglx

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Mon, 16 Nov 2015, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> On Mon, 16 Nov 2015, Borislav Petkov wrote:
> > On Mon, Nov 16, 2015 at 09:19:01PM +0100, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> > > On Sat, 14 Nov 2015, Matt Fleming wrote:
> > > > The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
> > > > cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
> > > > it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
> > > > treated as a pte.
> > > 
> > > Yuck.
> > 
> > This paragraph should read like this instead:
> > 
> > "Boris used cpa->pfn as a scratch variable to contain the physical
> > address. He realizes now that he should've added a separate
> > cpa_data.phys_addr then, instead of confusing everybody."
> > 
> > > > The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
> > > > intended physical address.
> > > > 
> > > > This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
> > > > mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
> > > > and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
> > > > this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
> > > > runtime this will be an issue.
> > > 
> > > Are you sure that this does not affect existing kernel versions?
> > 
> > Shouldn't because with this new patchset we're copying all the PGDs from
> > the kernel page table before doing an EFI call, see
> > efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings() in patch 5.
> > 
> > > >  	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
> > > > -
> > > > -		/* deal with the NX bit */
> > > > -		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
> > > > -			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;
> > > 
> > > That should be a seperate patch because this is just bogus code and
> > > has nothing to do with the pfn confusion.
> > 
> > Why bogus?
> 
> Even with cpa->pfn used as an address it cannot ever be set as the
> address is page aligned ....

Gah. Misread it. _PAGE_NX is bit 63 and it can be set when cpa->pfn is
abused as an address. So yes, it should go away with that patch.

Thanks,

	tglx

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Mon, 16 Nov 2015, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> On Mon, 16 Nov 2015, Borislav Petkov wrote:
> > On Mon, Nov 16, 2015 at 09:19:01PM +0100, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> > > On Sat, 14 Nov 2015, Matt Fleming wrote:
> > > > The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
> > > > cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
> > > > it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
> > > > treated as a pte.
> > > 
> > > Yuck.
> > 
> > This paragraph should read like this instead:
> > 
> > "Boris used cpa->pfn as a scratch variable to contain the physical
> > address. He realizes now that he should've added a separate
> > cpa_data.phys_addr then, instead of confusing everybody."
> > 
> > > > The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
> > > > intended physical address.
> > > > 
> > > > This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
> > > > mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
> > > > and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
> > > > this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
> > > > runtime this will be an issue.
> > > 
> > > Are you sure that this does not affect existing kernel versions?
> > 
> > Shouldn't because with this new patchset we're copying all the PGDs from
> > the kernel page table before doing an EFI call, see
> > efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings() in patch 5.
> > 
> > > >  	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
> > > > -
> > > > -		/* deal with the NX bit */
> > > > -		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
> > > > -			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;
> > > 
> > > That should be a seperate patch because this is just bogus code and
> > > has nothing to do with the pfn confusion.
> > 
> > Why bogus?
> 
> Even with cpa->pfn used as an address it cannot ever be set as the
> address is page aligned ....

Gah. Misread it. _PAGE_NX is bit 63 and it can be set when cpa->pfn is
abused as an address. So yes, it should go away with that patch.

Thanks,

	tglx

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Matt Fleming]

On Mon, 16 Nov, at 07:56:17AM, Dave Hansen wrote:
> I'm glad you're looking at this. It obviously needed some love. :)
> 
> On 11/14/2015 02:00 PM, Matt Fleming wrote:
> > +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +	text = __pa(_text);
> > +	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +
> > +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
> > +		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> > +		return 1;
> > +	}
> 
> Are _end and _text guaranteed to be aligned?  If not, I think the
> calculation might be wrong.  Just for fun, imagine that _end=0xfff and
> _text=0x1001.  npages would be 0.
 
Bugger. Good catch, thanks.

> Some other code like set_kernel_text_rw() does alignment on _text.
> 
> One nit is that there's quite a bit going on here, like rearranging the
> phys_stack arithmetic ordering that is far beyond just simplifying the
> paddr vs. pfn issue, but that isn't called out in the changelog at all.
 
Yeah, the phys_stack hunk actually slipped into this patch by
accident. It ensures the stack is mapped into the EFI page tables.
I'll split this out.

> Your fixes all look correct to me, fwiw.

Thanks! If you could respond to the next version with an ACK or
Reviewed-by tag, that'd be great.

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Matt Fleming]

On Mon, 16 Nov, at 07:56:17AM, Dave Hansen wrote:
> I'm glad you're looking at this. It obviously needed some love. :)
> 
> On 11/14/2015 02:00 PM, Matt Fleming wrote:
> > +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +	text = __pa(_text);
> > +	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +
> > +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
> > +		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> > +		return 1;
> > +	}
> 
> Are _end and _text guaranteed to be aligned?  If not, I think the
> calculation might be wrong.  Just for fun, imagine that _end=0xfff and
> _text=0x1001.  npages would be 0.
 
Bugger. Good catch, thanks.

> Some other code like set_kernel_text_rw() does alignment on _text.
> 
> One nit is that there's quite a bit going on here, like rearranging the
> phys_stack arithmetic ordering that is far beyond just simplifying the
> paddr vs. pfn issue, but that isn't called out in the changelog at all.
 
Yeah, the phys_stack hunk actually slipped into this patch by
accident. It ensures the stack is mapped into the EFI page tables.
I'll split this out.

> Your fixes all look correct to me, fwiw.

Thanks! If you could respond to the next version with an ACK or
Reviewed-by tag, that'd be great.

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Matt Fleming]

On Mon, 16 Nov, at 09:19:01PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> On Sat, 14 Nov 2015, Matt Fleming wrote:
> > The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
> > cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
> > it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
> > treated as a pte.
> 
> Yuck.
>  
> > The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
> > intended physical address.
> > 
> > This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
> > mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
> > and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
> > this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
> > runtime this will be an issue.
> 
> Are you sure that this does not affect existing kernel versions?
 
This code only gets called for the EFI code paths (because it's
guarded by the "if (cpa->pgd)" calls).

The code is so wrong that if people were hitting it we would have seen
reports of weird boot and runtime crashes. I'm not aware of any that
could be caused by this, which is why I didn't mark it for stable.

> >  	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
> > -
> > -		/* deal with the NX bit */
> > -		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
> > -			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;
> 
> That should be a seperate patch because this is just bogus code and
> has nothing to do with the pfn confusion.
 
I'm OK either way, but Boris asked me to fold this hunk into this
patch. It was originally a separate patch,

  https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1447342823-3612-3-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk

> > -
> > -		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn >> PAGE_SHIFT, pgprot));
> > +		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn, pgprot));
> 
> > diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> > index a0ac0f9c307f..c8b58ac47b77 100644
> > --- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> > +++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> > @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
> >  
> >  int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
> >  {
> > -	unsigned long text;
> > +	unsigned long pfn, text;
> >  	struct page *page;
> >  	unsigned npages;
> >  	pgd_t *pgd;
> > @@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
> >  	 * and ident-map those pages containing the map before calling
> >  	 * phys_efi_set_virtual_address_map().
> >  	 */
> > -	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pa_memmap, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
> > +	pfn = pa_memmap >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
> >  		pr_err("Error ident-mapping new memmap (0x%lx)!\n", pa_memmap);
> >  		return 1;
> >  	}
> > @@ -176,21 +177,29 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
> >  	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_MIXED))
> >  		return 0;
> >  
> > +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> 
> You really need to PFN_ALIGN _end and _text. Has been wrong in the
> existing code as well.
 
Hmm... very good point.

> > +	text = __pa(_text);
> > +	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +
> > +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
> > +		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> > +		return 1;
> > +	}
> > +
> >  	page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA32);
> >  	if (!page)
> >  		panic("Unable to allocate EFI runtime stack < 4GB\n");
> >  
> >  	efi_scratch.phys_stack = virt_to_phys(page_address(page));
> > -	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
> > -
> > -	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > -	text = __pa(_text);
> > +	pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
> >  
> > -	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, text >> PAGE_SHIFT, text, npages, 0)) {
> > -		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> > +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, efi_scratch.phys_stack, 1, 0)) {
> 
> This looks like an unrelated change, hmm?

Dave picked up on this too. Yeah, this hunk should really be part of
PATCH 2 (or a separate patch entirely) because it ensures that the
stack is mapped into the EFI page tables instead of relying on it
being around in 'trampoline_pgd'.

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Matt Fleming]

On Mon, 16 Nov, at 09:19:01PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote:
> On Sat, 14 Nov 2015, Matt Fleming wrote:
> > The x86 pageattr code is confused about the data that is stored
> > cpa->pfn, sometimes it's treated as a page frame number, sometimes
> > it's treated as an unshifted physical address, and in one place it's
> > treated as a pte.
> 
> Yuck.
>  
> > The result of this is that the mapping functions do not map the
> > intended physical address.
> > 
> > This isn't a problem in practice because most of the addresses we're
> > mapping in the EFI code paths are already mapped in 'trampoline_pgd'
> > and so the pageattr mappings functions don't actually do anything in
> > this case. But when we move to using a separate page table for the EFI
> > runtime this will be an issue.
> 
> Are you sure that this does not affect existing kernel versions?
 
This code only gets called for the EFI code paths (because it's
guarded by the "if (cpa->pgd)" calls).

The code is so wrong that if people were hitting it we would have seen
reports of weird boot and runtime crashes. I'm not aware of any that
could be caused by this, which is why I didn't mark it for stable.

> >  	while (num_pages-- && start < end) {
> > -
> > -		/* deal with the NX bit */
> > -		if (!(pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_NX))
> > -			cpa->pfn &= ~_PAGE_NX;
> 
> That should be a seperate patch because this is just bogus code and
> has nothing to do with the pfn confusion.
 
I'm OK either way, but Boris asked me to fold this hunk into this
patch. It was originally a separate patch,

  https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1447342823-3612-3-git-send-email-matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org

> > -
> > -		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn >> PAGE_SHIFT, pgprot));
> > +		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(cpa->pfn, pgprot));
> 
> > diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> > index a0ac0f9c307f..c8b58ac47b77 100644
> > --- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> > +++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/efi_64.c
> > @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void efi_sync_low_kernel_mappings(void)
> >  
> >  int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
> >  {
> > -	unsigned long text;
> > +	unsigned long pfn, text;
> >  	struct page *page;
> >  	unsigned npages;
> >  	pgd_t *pgd;
> > @@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
> >  	 * and ident-map those pages containing the map before calling
> >  	 * phys_efi_set_virtual_address_map().
> >  	 */
> > -	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pa_memmap, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
> > +	pfn = pa_memmap >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, pa_memmap, num_pages, _PAGE_NX)) {
> >  		pr_err("Error ident-mapping new memmap (0x%lx)!\n", pa_memmap);
> >  		return 1;
> >  	}
> > @@ -176,21 +177,29 @@ int __init efi_setup_page_tables(unsigned long pa_memmap, unsigned num_pages)
> >  	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_MIXED))
> >  		return 0;
> >  
> > +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> 
> You really need to PFN_ALIGN _end and _text. Has been wrong in the
> existing code as well.
 
Hmm... very good point.

> > +	text = __pa(_text);
> > +	pfn = text >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +
> > +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, text, npages, 0)) {
> > +		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> > +		return 1;
> > +	}
> > +
> >  	page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA32);
> >  	if (!page)
> >  		panic("Unable to allocate EFI runtime stack < 4GB\n");
> >  
> >  	efi_scratch.phys_stack = virt_to_phys(page_address(page));
> > -	efi_scratch.phys_stack += PAGE_SIZE; /* stack grows down */
> > -
> > -	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > -	text = __pa(_text);
> > +	pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
> >  
> > -	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, text >> PAGE_SHIFT, text, npages, 0)) {
> > -		pr_err("Failed to map kernel text 1:1\n");
> > +	if (kernel_map_pages_in_pgd(pgd, pfn, efi_scratch.phys_stack, 1, 0)) {
> 
> This looks like an unrelated change, hmm?

Dave picked up on this too. Yeah, this hunk should really be part of
PATCH 2 (or a separate patch entirely) because it ensures that the
stack is mapped into the EFI page tables instead of relying on it
being around in 'trampoline_pgd'.

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Ingo Molnar]

* Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk> wrote:

> > > +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > 
> > You really need to PFN_ALIGN _end and _text. Has been wrong in the
> > existing code as well.
>  
> Hmm... very good point.

So I think we should instead guarantee that _end and _text are page aligned.

_text is already page aligned:

SECTIONS
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
        . = LOAD_OFFSET + LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
        phys_startup_32 = startup_32 - LOAD_OFFSET;
#else
        . = __START_KERNEL;
        phys_startup_64 = startup_64 - LOAD_OFFSET;
#endif

        /* Text and read-only data */
        .text :  AT(ADDR(.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
                _text = .;

The reason for aligning _end as well is that we already page-align the BSS and BRK 
sections of the kernel and its various section boundary symbols:

        /* BSS */
        . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
        .bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
                __bss_start = .;
                *(.bss..page_aligned)
                *(.bss)
                . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
                __bss_stop = .;
        }

        . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
        .brk : AT(ADDR(.brk) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
                __brk_base = .;
                . += 64 * 1024;         /* 64k alignment slop space */
                *(.brk_reservation)     /* areas brk users have reserved */
                __brk_limit = .;
        }

        _end = .;

        STABS_DEBUG
        DWARF_DEBUG

_end is the only odd one out, so we should align it as well - because it's easy to 
make such pfn conversion bugs.

This will also make it easier to mark STABS_DEBUG and DWARF_DEBUG as read-only, 
which they should fundamentally be I think. Alternatively they could be moved to 
the read-only section - at which point _end becomes page aligned 'for free'.

Thanks,

	Ingo

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Ingo Molnar]

* Matt Fleming <matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org> wrote:

> > > +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > 
> > You really need to PFN_ALIGN _end and _text. Has been wrong in the
> > existing code as well.
>  
> Hmm... very good point.

So I think we should instead guarantee that _end and _text are page aligned.

_text is already page aligned:

SECTIONS
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
        . = LOAD_OFFSET + LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
        phys_startup_32 = startup_32 - LOAD_OFFSET;
#else
        . = __START_KERNEL;
        phys_startup_64 = startup_64 - LOAD_OFFSET;
#endif

        /* Text and read-only data */
        .text :  AT(ADDR(.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
                _text = .;

The reason for aligning _end as well is that we already page-align the BSS and BRK 
sections of the kernel and its various section boundary symbols:

        /* BSS */
        . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
        .bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
                __bss_start = .;
                *(.bss..page_aligned)
                *(.bss)
                . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
                __bss_stop = .;
        }

        . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
        .brk : AT(ADDR(.brk) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
                __brk_base = .;
                . += 64 * 1024;         /* 64k alignment slop space */
                *(.brk_reservation)     /* areas brk users have reserved */
                __brk_limit = .;
        }

        _end = .;

        STABS_DEBUG
        DWARF_DEBUG

_end is the only odd one out, so we should align it as well - because it's easy to 
make such pfn conversion bugs.

This will also make it easier to mark STABS_DEBUG and DWARF_DEBUG as read-only, 
which they should fundamentally be I think. Alternatively they could be moved to 
the read-only section - at which point _end becomes page aligned 'for free'.

Thanks,

	Ingo

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Matt Fleming]

On Wed, 18 Nov, at 09:14:23AM, Ingo Molnar wrote:
> 
> * Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk> wrote:
> 
> > > > +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > > 
> > > You really need to PFN_ALIGN _end and _text. Has been wrong in the
> > > existing code as well.
> >  
> > Hmm... very good point.
> 
> So I think we should instead guarantee that _end and _text are page aligned.
> 
> _text is already page aligned:
> 
> SECTIONS
> {
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
>         . = LOAD_OFFSET + LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
>         phys_startup_32 = startup_32 - LOAD_OFFSET;
> #else
>         . = __START_KERNEL;
>         phys_startup_64 = startup_64 - LOAD_OFFSET;
> #endif
> 
>         /* Text and read-only data */
>         .text :  AT(ADDR(.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
>                 _text = .;
> 
> The reason for aligning _end as well is that we already page-align the BSS and BRK 
> sections of the kernel and its various section boundary symbols:
> 
>         /* BSS */
>         . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
>         .bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
>                 __bss_start = .;
>                 *(.bss..page_aligned)
>                 *(.bss)
>                 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
>                 __bss_stop = .;
>         }
> 
>         . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
>         .brk : AT(ADDR(.brk) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
>                 __brk_base = .;
>                 . += 64 * 1024;         /* 64k alignment slop space */
>                 *(.brk_reservation)     /* areas brk users have reserved */
>                 __brk_limit = .;
>         }
> 
>         _end = .;
> 
>         STABS_DEBUG
>         DWARF_DEBUG
> 
> _end is the only odd one out, so we should align it as well - because it's easy to 
> make such pfn conversion bugs.

FWIW, I saw no changes in either 32-bit or 64-bit vmlinux size when
building with the following patch, so it seems like a pretty easy win,

---

>From 25ad518fa52e589f110376ae06e42fb20b3e4188 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 2015 11:46:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] x86: Page align _end to avoid pfn conversion bugs

Ingo noted that if we can guarantee _end is aligned to PAGE_SIZE we
can automatically avoid bugs along the lines of,

	size = _end - _text >> PAGE_SHIFT

which is missing a call to PFN_ALIGN(). The EFI mixed mode contains
this bug, for example.

_text is already aligned to PAGE_SIZE through the use of
LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, and the BSS and BRK sections are explicitly
aligned in the linker script, so it makes sense to align _end to
match.

Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index 74e4bf11f562..4f1994257a18 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -325,6 +325,7 @@ SECTIONS
 		__brk_limit = .;
 	}
 
+	. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
 	_end = .;
 
         STABS_DEBUG
-- 
2.6.2

Re: [PATCH v2 1/5] x86/mm/pageattr: Ensure cpa->pfn only contains page frame numbers

[Matt Fleming]

On Wed, 18 Nov, at 09:14:23AM, Ingo Molnar wrote:
> 
> * Matt Fleming <matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org> wrote:
> 
> > > > +	npages = (_end - _text) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > > 
> > > You really need to PFN_ALIGN _end and _text. Has been wrong in the
> > > existing code as well.
> >  
> > Hmm... very good point.
> 
> So I think we should instead guarantee that _end and _text are page aligned.
> 
> _text is already page aligned:
> 
> SECTIONS
> {
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
>         . = LOAD_OFFSET + LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
>         phys_startup_32 = startup_32 - LOAD_OFFSET;
> #else
>         . = __START_KERNEL;
>         phys_startup_64 = startup_64 - LOAD_OFFSET;
> #endif
> 
>         /* Text and read-only data */
>         .text :  AT(ADDR(.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
>                 _text = .;
> 
> The reason for aligning _end as well is that we already page-align the BSS and BRK 
> sections of the kernel and its various section boundary symbols:
> 
>         /* BSS */
>         . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
>         .bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
>                 __bss_start = .;
>                 *(.bss..page_aligned)
>                 *(.bss)
>                 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
>                 __bss_stop = .;
>         }
> 
>         . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
>         .brk : AT(ADDR(.brk) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
>                 __brk_base = .;
>                 . += 64 * 1024;         /* 64k alignment slop space */
>                 *(.brk_reservation)     /* areas brk users have reserved */
>                 __brk_limit = .;
>         }
> 
>         _end = .;
> 
>         STABS_DEBUG
>         DWARF_DEBUG
> 
> _end is the only odd one out, so we should align it as well - because it's easy to 
> make such pfn conversion bugs.

FWIW, I saw no changes in either 32-bit or 64-bit vmlinux size when
building with the following patch, so it seems like a pretty easy win,

---

>From 25ad518fa52e589f110376ae06e42fb20b3e4188 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matt Fleming <matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 2015 11:46:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] x86: Page align _end to avoid pfn conversion bugs

Ingo noted that if we can guarantee _end is aligned to PAGE_SIZE we
can automatically avoid bugs along the lines of,

	size = _end - _text >> PAGE_SHIFT

which is missing a call to PFN_ALIGN(). The EFI mixed mode contains
this bug, for example.

_text is already aligned to PAGE_SIZE through the use of
LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, and the BSS and BRK sections are explicitly
aligned in the linker script, so it makes sense to align _end to
match.

Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx-hfZtesqFncYOwBW4kG4KsQ@public.gmane.org>
Cc: "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa-YMNOUZJC4hwAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani-VXdhtT5mjnY@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya-ral2JQCrhuEAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen-ral2JQCrhuEAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp-Gina5bIWoIWzQB+pC5nmwQ@public.gmane.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt-mF/unelCI9GS6iBeEJttW/XRex20P6io@public.gmane.org>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index 74e4bf11f562..4f1994257a18 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -325,6 +325,7 @@ SECTIONS
 		__brk_limit = .;
 	}
 
+	. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
 	_end = .;
 
         STABS_DEBUG
-- 
2.6.2