From: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org> To: "André Przywara" <andre.przywara@arm.com> Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>, linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu, kvm@vger.kernel.org Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 00/45] KVM: arm/arm64: Rework virtual GIC emulation Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2016 19:24:18 +0200 [thread overview] Message-ID: <20160413172418.GA21653@cbox> (raw) In-Reply-To: <570E6EDC.5070209@arm.com> On Wed, Apr 13, 2016 at 05:07:56PM +0100, André Przywara wrote: > On 31/03/16 19:30, Christoffer Dall wrote: > > On Fri, Mar 25, 2016 at 02:04:23AM +0000, Andre Przywara wrote: > >> This series is a joint effort to re-implement KVM's GIC emulation. > >> > >> While the current implementation is centered around providing > >> efficient MMIO emulation, the hot path for most guests is actually > >> the guest entry and exit, which currently is rather costly. > >> Also the existing emulation has a global distributor lock, which > >> quickly becomes a bottleneck once the number of VCPUs increases. > >> Additionally the emulation was originally designed for GICv2, adding > >> GICv3 ITS emulation support to this proved to be rather painful. > >> Last, but not least the existing code became less and less > >> maintainable, with many special cases handled explicitly. > >> > >> The new implementation is build around a struct vgic_irq data data > >> structure, which holds all information about a virtual interrupt. > >> Interruts which should be injected are hold in a per-VCPU list, this > >> make the entry/exit path much more efficient. Also the new structure > >> allows to have more fine grained locking - per IRQ and per VCPU - > >> getting rid of the global distributor lock. > >> As a result of the new design ITS emulation fits in more nicely, the > >> respective code will be provided as a follow-up series. > >> > >> This series implements the same feature set as the existing emulation, > >> as a goodie we now implement priorities correctly. > >> To allow an easy transition with good test coverage, but still maintain > >> stability, both implementations live side by side, selectable via a > >> Kconfig option. The default is the new implementation. > >> If this code proves to be reliable, we will later remove the current > >> implementation with an extra patch set. > >> > >> Please have a look at the series, review it and give the code some > >> serious testing (and possibly debugging). All feedback is appreciated. > >> > > > > Hmph, starting a guest a couple of times and running hackbench inside > > the guest actually gave me (twice) the following error: > > > > NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 23s! [kworker/0:0:4] > > On the host or in the guest? In the guest. > Can you reproduce it easily? If yes, can you add some lock debugging to > see if we are stuck in a spinlock? > I'll do this when you've posted a new version. Sound ok? -Christoffer
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From: christoffer.dall@linaro.org (Christoffer Dall) To: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Subject: [RFC PATCH 00/45] KVM: arm/arm64: Rework virtual GIC emulation Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2016 19:24:18 +0200 [thread overview] Message-ID: <20160413172418.GA21653@cbox> (raw) In-Reply-To: <570E6EDC.5070209@arm.com> On Wed, Apr 13, 2016 at 05:07:56PM +0100, Andr? Przywara wrote: > On 31/03/16 19:30, Christoffer Dall wrote: > > On Fri, Mar 25, 2016 at 02:04:23AM +0000, Andre Przywara wrote: > >> This series is a joint effort to re-implement KVM's GIC emulation. > >> > >> While the current implementation is centered around providing > >> efficient MMIO emulation, the hot path for most guests is actually > >> the guest entry and exit, which currently is rather costly. > >> Also the existing emulation has a global distributor lock, which > >> quickly becomes a bottleneck once the number of VCPUs increases. > >> Additionally the emulation was originally designed for GICv2, adding > >> GICv3 ITS emulation support to this proved to be rather painful. > >> Last, but not least the existing code became less and less > >> maintainable, with many special cases handled explicitly. > >> > >> The new implementation is build around a struct vgic_irq data data > >> structure, which holds all information about a virtual interrupt. > >> Interruts which should be injected are hold in a per-VCPU list, this > >> make the entry/exit path much more efficient. Also the new structure > >> allows to have more fine grained locking - per IRQ and per VCPU - > >> getting rid of the global distributor lock. > >> As a result of the new design ITS emulation fits in more nicely, the > >> respective code will be provided as a follow-up series. > >> > >> This series implements the same feature set as the existing emulation, > >> as a goodie we now implement priorities correctly. > >> To allow an easy transition with good test coverage, but still maintain > >> stability, both implementations live side by side, selectable via a > >> Kconfig option. The default is the new implementation. > >> If this code proves to be reliable, we will later remove the current > >> implementation with an extra patch set. > >> > >> Please have a look at the series, review it and give the code some > >> serious testing (and possibly debugging). All feedback is appreciated. > >> > > > > Hmph, starting a guest a couple of times and running hackbench inside > > the guest actually gave me (twice) the following error: > > > > NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 23s! [kworker/0:0:4] > > On the host or in the guest? In the guest. > Can you reproduce it easily? If yes, can you add some lock debugging to > see if we are stuck in a spinlock? > I'll do this when you've posted a new version. Sound ok? -Christoffer
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2016-04-13 17:24 UTC|newest] Thread overview: 276+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top 2016-03-25 2:04 [RFC PATCH 00/45] KVM: arm/arm64: Rework virtual GIC emulation Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 01/45] KVM: arm/arm64: add missing MMIO data write-back Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-29 12:33 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-29 12:33 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-05 12:12 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-05 12:12 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-05 12:58 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-05 12:58 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 02/45] KVM: arm/arm64: pmu: abstract access to number of SPIs Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 03/45] KVM: arm/arm64: arch_timer: rework VGIC <-> timer interface Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-29 13:01 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-29 13:01 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 04/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add data structure definitions Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-29 13:09 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-29 13:09 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-05 13:34 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-05 13:34 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-05 20:10 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-05 20:10 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-06 13:57 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-06 13:57 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-06 14:09 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-06 14:09 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-06 14:46 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-06 14:46 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-06 14:53 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-06 14:53 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-06 14:57 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-06 14:57 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 05/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add acccessor to new struct vgic_irq instance Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 06/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Implement virtual IRQ injection Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-29 21:16 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-29 21:16 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-05 17:28 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-05 17:28 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-06 14:23 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-06 14:23 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-14 10:53 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-14 10:53 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-14 12:15 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-14 12:15 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-14 13:45 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-14 13:45 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-14 14:05 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-14 14:05 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 07/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add vgic GICv2 change_affinity Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-30 9:29 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-30 9:29 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 08/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add IRQ sorting Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 09/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add GICv2 IRQ sync/flush Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-30 13:53 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-30 13:53 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-05 17:57 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-05 17:57 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-06 14:34 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-06 14:34 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:47 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:47 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 11:40 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 11:40 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 12:25 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 12:25 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 10/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add GICv3 world switch backend Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-30 20:40 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-30 20:40 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 13:59 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 13:59 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 15:02 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 15:02 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 11/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Implement kvm_vgic_vcpu_pending_irq Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 8:54 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 8:54 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 12/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add MMIO handling framework Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 9:08 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:08 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:09 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:09 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 12:25 ` Paolo Bonzini 2016-03-31 12:25 ` Paolo Bonzini 2016-03-31 14:31 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 14:31 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-01 12:11 ` André Przywara 2016-04-01 12:11 ` André Przywara 2016-04-01 12:17 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-01 12:17 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 10:53 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 10:53 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 12:50 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 12:50 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 15:56 ` Marc Zyngier 2016-04-12 15:56 ` Marc Zyngier 2016-04-12 17:26 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 17:26 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 13/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Export register access interface Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 9:24 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:24 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 11:09 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 11:09 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 12:52 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 12:52 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 14/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add CTLR, TYPER and IIDR handlers Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 9:27 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:27 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 11:23 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 11:23 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 12:55 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 12:55 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 15/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add ENABLE registers handlers Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 9:33 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:33 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 16/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add PENDING " Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 9:35 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:35 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 11:31 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 11:31 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 13:10 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 13:10 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 17/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add PRIORITY " Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 9:50 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:50 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 18/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add ACTIVE " Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 9:58 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:58 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 19/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add CONFIG " Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 10:07 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 10:07 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 20/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add TARGET " Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 11:31 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 11:31 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 12:10 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 12:10 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 13:18 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 13:18 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 15:18 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 15:18 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 15:26 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 15:26 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 21/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add SGIR register handler Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 11:35 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 11:35 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 22/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add SGIPENDR register handlers Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 11:37 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 11:37 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 23/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add GICv3 emulation framework Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 11:48 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 11:48 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 12:44 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 12:44 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 24/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add GICv3 CTLR, IIDR, TYPER handlers Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 11:53 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 11:53 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 13:00 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 13:00 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 13:20 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 13:20 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 25/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add GICv3 redistributor TYPER handler Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 26/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add GICv3 IDREGS register handler Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 27/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add GICv3 IROUTER register handlers Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 28/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add GICv3 SGI system register trap handler Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 12:07 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 12:07 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 13:11 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 13:11 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 29/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_kvm_device: KVM device ops registration Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 30/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_kvm_device: KVM_DEV_ARM_VGIC_GRP_NR_IRQS Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 31/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_kvm_device: KVM_DEV_ARM_VGIC_GRP_CTRL Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 32/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_kvm_device: KVM_DEV_ARM_VGIC_GRP_ADDR Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 33/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_kvm_device: access to VGIC registers Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 34/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_kvm_device: implement kvm_vgic_addr Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 35/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add userland access to VGIC dist registers Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` [RFC PATCH 36/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add GICH_VMCR accessors Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:04 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` [RFC PATCH 37/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add userland GIC CPU interface access Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` [RFC PATCH 38/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_init: implement kvm_vgic_hyp_init Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` [RFC PATCH 39/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_init: implement vgic_create Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` [RFC PATCH 40/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_init: implement vgic_init Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 17:59 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 17:59 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-01 8:20 ` Eric Auger 2016-04-01 8:20 ` Eric Auger 2016-04-01 9:00 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-01 9:00 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 2:05 ` [RFC PATCH 41/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_init: implement map_resources Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` [RFC PATCH 42/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add vgic_v2/v3_enable Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` [RFC PATCH 43/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: implement mapped IRQ handling Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 18:15 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 18:15 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-01 8:44 ` Eric Auger 2016-04-01 8:44 ` Eric Auger 2016-03-25 2:05 ` [RFC PATCH 44/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add dummy MSI implementation Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 18:16 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 18:16 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-07 14:35 ` Eric Auger 2016-04-07 14:35 ` Eric Auger 2016-03-25 2:05 ` [RFC PATCH 45/45] KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: enable build Andre Przywara 2016-03-25 2:05 ` Andre Przywara 2016-03-31 18:18 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 18:18 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-11 14:45 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-11 14:45 ` Andre Przywara 2016-04-12 13:21 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-12 13:21 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-25 15:58 ` [RFC PATCH 00/45] KVM: arm/arm64: Rework virtual GIC emulation Diana Madalina Craciun 2016-03-25 15:58 ` Diana Madalina Craciun 2016-03-26 2:11 ` André Przywara 2016-03-26 2:11 ` André Przywara 2016-03-29 13:12 ` Vladimir Murzin 2016-03-29 13:12 ` Vladimir Murzin 2016-03-30 11:42 ` Vladimir Murzin 2016-03-30 11:42 ` Vladimir Murzin 2016-03-30 11:52 ` Vladimir Murzin 2016-03-30 11:52 ` Vladimir Murzin 2016-03-30 13:56 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-30 13:56 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-30 14:13 ` Vladimir Murzin 2016-03-30 14:13 ` Vladimir Murzin 2016-03-30 19:53 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-30 19:53 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-30 12:07 ` Marc Zyngier 2016-03-30 12:07 ` Marc Zyngier 2016-03-30 19:55 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-30 19:55 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 9:06 ` Marc Zyngier 2016-03-31 9:06 ` Marc Zyngier 2016-03-31 18:28 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 18:28 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 18:30 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-03-31 18:30 ` Christoffer Dall 2016-04-13 16:07 ` André Przywara 2016-04-13 16:07 ` André Przywara 2016-04-13 17:24 ` Christoffer Dall [this message] 2016-04-13 17:24 ` Christoffer Dall
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