All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
To: Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org, jgarzik@pobox.com, davem@davemloft.net,
	shemminger@linux-foundation.org,
	bridge@lists.linux-foundation.org, fubar@us.ibm.com,
	bonding-devel@lists.sourceforge.net, kaber@trash.net,
	mschmidt@redhat.com, andy@greyhouse.net
Subject: Re: [PATCH net-next] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to	work properly in bridge -try4.2
Date: Wed, 27 May 2009 16:39:22 +0200	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <4A1D509A.5020205@cosmosbay.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20090527135351.GD1652@psychotron.englab.brq.redhat.com>

Jiri Pirko a écrit :
> [PATCH net-next] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try4.2
> 
> (updated)
> changes v4.1 -> v4.2
> - use skb->pkt_type == PACKET_HOST compare rather then comparing skb dest addr
>   against skb->dev->dev_addr
> 
> Hi all.
> 
> The problem is described in following bugzilla:
> https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=487763
> 
> Basically here's what's going on. In every mode, bonding interface uses the same
> mac address for all enslaved devices (except fail_over_mac). Only balance-alb
> will simultaneously use multiple MAC addresses across different slaves. When you
> put this kind of bond device into a bridge it will only add one of mac adresses
> into a hash list of mac addresses, say X. This mac address is marked as local.
> But this bonding interface also has mac address Y. Now then packet arrives with
> destination address Y, this address is not marked as local and the packed looks
> like it needs to be forwarded. This packet is then lost which is wrong.
> 
> Notice that interfaces can be added and removed from bond while it is in bridge.
> 
> ***
> When the multiple addresses for bridge port approach failed to solve this issue
> due to STP I started to think other way to solve this. I returned to previous
> solution but tweaked one.
> 
> This patch solves the situation in the bonding without touching bridge code.
> For every incoming frame to bonding the destination address is compared to
> current address of the slave device from which tha packet came. If these two
> match destination address is replaced by mac address of the master. This address
> is known by bridge so it is delivered properly. Note that the comparsion is not
> made directly, it's used skb->pkt_type == PACKET_HOST instead. This is "set"
> previously in eth_type_trans().
> 
> I experimentally tried that this works as good as searching through the slave
> list (v4 of this patch).
> 
> I was forced to create a new header because I need to use
> compare_ether_addr_64bits() (defined in linux/etherdevice.h) in
> linux/netdevice.h. I've hit some cross include issues. I think that it's good
> to have skb_bond_should_drop() in a separate file anyway.
> 
> Jirka
> 
> 
> Signed-off-by: Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/bonding.h b/include/linux/bonding.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..e50939d
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/linux/bonding.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
> +/*
> + * include/linux/bonding.h
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2009 Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
> + * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
> + *
> + * Bonding device helpers.
> + */
> +
> +#ifndef _LINUX_BONDING_H
> +#define _LINUX_BONDING_H
> +
> +#ifdef __KERNEL__
> +
> +#include <linux/skbuff.h>
> +#include <linux/netdevice.h>
> +#include <linux/if.h>
> +#include <linux/etherdevice.h>
> +#include <linux/if_ether.h>
> +#include <linux/if_packet.h>
> +
> +static inline void skb_bond_set_mac_by_master(struct sk_buff *skb,
> +					      struct net_device *master)
> +{
> +	unsigned char *dest = eth_hdr(skb)->h_dest;
> +
> +	if (compare_ether_addr_64bits(dest, master->dev_addr) &&
> +	    (skb->pkt_type == PACKET_HOST))
> +		memcpy(dest, master->dev_addr, ETH_ALEN);

Just overwriting the dest would be faster, and avoids
to include <linux/etherdevice.h>, maybe a new include file
could be avoided ?

If it is already the master->dev_addr, then memcpy() is a no-op
If it wasnt the master->dev_addr, then memcpy() does what you wanted.

You can also give a hint to gcc as h_dest is guaranteed to be 16 bit aligned

static inline void skb_bond_set_mac_by_master(struct sk_buff *skb,
					      struct net_device *master)
{
	if (skb->pkt_type == PACKET_HOST) {
		u16 *dest = (u16 *)eth_hdr(skb)->h_dest;

		memcpy(dest, master->dev_addr, ETH_ALEN);
	}
}

Compiler will emit better code for memcpy() on some arches.
(not on x86, as it already does one 32bit and one 16bit move)



WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
To: Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
Cc: fubar@us.ibm.com, netdev@vger.kernel.org,
	bridge@lists.linux-foundation.org, mschmidt@redhat.com,
	bonding-devel@lists.sourceforge.net, jgarzik@pobox.com,
	davem@davemloft.net
Subject: Re: [Bridge] [PATCH net-next] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to	work properly in bridge -try4.2
Date: Wed, 27 May 2009 16:39:22 +0200	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <4A1D509A.5020205@cosmosbay.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20090527135351.GD1652@psychotron.englab.brq.redhat.com>

Jiri Pirko a écrit :
> [PATCH net-next] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try4.2
> 
> (updated)
> changes v4.1 -> v4.2
> - use skb->pkt_type == PACKET_HOST compare rather then comparing skb dest addr
>   against skb->dev->dev_addr
> 
> Hi all.
> 
> The problem is described in following bugzilla:
> https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=487763
> 
> Basically here's what's going on. In every mode, bonding interface uses the same
> mac address for all enslaved devices (except fail_over_mac). Only balance-alb
> will simultaneously use multiple MAC addresses across different slaves. When you
> put this kind of bond device into a bridge it will only add one of mac adresses
> into a hash list of mac addresses, say X. This mac address is marked as local.
> But this bonding interface also has mac address Y. Now then packet arrives with
> destination address Y, this address is not marked as local and the packed looks
> like it needs to be forwarded. This packet is then lost which is wrong.
> 
> Notice that interfaces can be added and removed from bond while it is in bridge.
> 
> ***
> When the multiple addresses for bridge port approach failed to solve this issue
> due to STP I started to think other way to solve this. I returned to previous
> solution but tweaked one.
> 
> This patch solves the situation in the bonding without touching bridge code.
> For every incoming frame to bonding the destination address is compared to
> current address of the slave device from which tha packet came. If these two
> match destination address is replaced by mac address of the master. This address
> is known by bridge so it is delivered properly. Note that the comparsion is not
> made directly, it's used skb->pkt_type == PACKET_HOST instead. This is "set"
> previously in eth_type_trans().
> 
> I experimentally tried that this works as good as searching through the slave
> list (v4 of this patch).
> 
> I was forced to create a new header because I need to use
> compare_ether_addr_64bits() (defined in linux/etherdevice.h) in
> linux/netdevice.h. I've hit some cross include issues. I think that it's good
> to have skb_bond_should_drop() in a separate file anyway.
> 
> Jirka
> 
> 
> Signed-off-by: Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/bonding.h b/include/linux/bonding.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..e50939d
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/linux/bonding.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
> +/*
> + * include/linux/bonding.h
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2009 Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
> + * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
> + *
> + * Bonding device helpers.
> + */
> +
> +#ifndef _LINUX_BONDING_H
> +#define _LINUX_BONDING_H
> +
> +#ifdef __KERNEL__
> +
> +#include <linux/skbuff.h>
> +#include <linux/netdevice.h>
> +#include <linux/if.h>
> +#include <linux/etherdevice.h>
> +#include <linux/if_ether.h>
> +#include <linux/if_packet.h>
> +
> +static inline void skb_bond_set_mac_by_master(struct sk_buff *skb,
> +					      struct net_device *master)
> +{
> +	unsigned char *dest = eth_hdr(skb)->h_dest;
> +
> +	if (compare_ether_addr_64bits(dest, master->dev_addr) &&
> +	    (skb->pkt_type == PACKET_HOST))
> +		memcpy(dest, master->dev_addr, ETH_ALEN);

Just overwriting the dest would be faster, and avoids
to include <linux/etherdevice.h>, maybe a new include file
could be avoided ?

If it is already the master->dev_addr, then memcpy() is a no-op
If it wasnt the master->dev_addr, then memcpy() does what you wanted.

You can also give a hint to gcc as h_dest is guaranteed to be 16 bit aligned

static inline void skb_bond_set_mac_by_master(struct sk_buff *skb,
					      struct net_device *master)
{
	if (skb->pkt_type == PACKET_HOST) {
		u16 *dest = (u16 *)eth_hdr(skb)->h_dest;

		memcpy(dest, master->dev_addr, ETH_ALEN);
	}
}

Compiler will emit better code for memcpy() on some arches.
(not on x86, as it already does one 32bit and one 16bit move)



  reply	other threads:[~2009-05-27 14:40 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 213+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2009-03-13 18:33 [PATCH] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge Jiri Pirko
2009-03-13 18:33 ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-14  5:39 ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-03-14  5:39   ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-03-14  9:49   ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-14  9:49     ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-15 23:12     ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-03-15 23:12       ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-03-16 11:11       ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-16 11:11         ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-19  6:20         ` David Miller
2009-03-19  6:20           ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-03-19  8:44           ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-19  8:44             ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-19 10:21             ` David Miller
2009-03-19 10:21               ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-03-19 11:19               ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-19 11:19                 ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-19  8:50           ` Patrick McHardy
2009-03-19  8:50             ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-03-19 16:31             ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-19 16:31               ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-25 13:04 ` [PATCH] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try2 Jiri Pirko
2009-03-25 13:04   ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-25 13:40   ` Eric Dumazet
2009-03-25 13:40     ` [Bridge] " Eric Dumazet
2009-03-25 14:39     ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-25 14:39       ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-25 15:19 ` [PATCH] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try3 Jiri Pirko
2009-03-25 15:19   ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-25 16:31   ` Jay Vosburgh
2009-03-25 16:31     ` [Bridge] " Jay Vosburgh
2009-03-25 17:44     ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-25 17:44       ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-26  0:24       ` David Miller
2009-03-26  0:24         ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-03-26  0:34       ` Jay Vosburgh
2009-03-26  0:34         ` [Bridge] " Jay Vosburgh
2009-03-26 11:12     ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-26 11:12       ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-26 15:52 ` [PATCH] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try4 Jiri Pirko
2009-03-26 15:52   ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-27  7:38   ` David Miller
2009-03-27  7:38     ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-03-27  7:46     ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-27  7:46       ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-27  7:53     ` Patrick McHardy
2009-03-27  7:53       ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-03-27  8:41       ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-27  8:41         ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-27  8:55         ` Patrick McHardy
2009-03-27  8:55           ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-03-27  9:47           ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-27  9:47             ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-29 20:53       ` David Miller
2009-03-29 20:53         ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-03-30 12:04         ` Patrick McHardy
2009-03-30 12:04           ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-03-30 12:40           ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-30 12:40             ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-30 12:47             ` Patrick McHardy
2009-03-30 12:47               ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-03-30 12:52               ` Jiri Pirko
2009-03-30 12:52                 ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-03-30 12:58                 ` Patrick McHardy
2009-03-30 12:58                   ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-05-26 15:17   ` [PATCH net-next] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try4.1 Jiri Pirko
2009-05-26 15:17     ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-26 16:32     ` Andy Gospodarek
2009-05-26 16:32       ` [Bridge] " Andy Gospodarek
2009-05-27  8:25       ` Jiri Pirko
2009-05-27  8:25         ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-26 16:59     ` Eric Dumazet
2009-05-26 16:59       ` [Bridge] " Eric Dumazet
2009-05-27  8:42       ` Jiri Pirko
2009-05-27  8:42         ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-27 13:53     ` [PATCH net-next] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try4.2 Jiri Pirko
2009-05-27 13:53       ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-27 14:39       ` Eric Dumazet [this message]
2009-05-27 14:39         ` Eric Dumazet
2009-05-28  9:57         ` Jiri Pirko
2009-05-28  9:57           ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-28 11:05       ` [PATCH net-next] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try4.3 Jiri Pirko
2009-05-28 11:05         ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-28 11:41         ` Eric Dumazet
2009-05-28 11:41           ` [Bridge] " Eric Dumazet
2009-05-29  8:52           ` David Miller
2009-05-29  8:52             ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-05-28 12:11         ` Andy Gospodarek
2009-05-28 12:11           ` [Bridge] " Andy Gospodarek
2009-04-13  8:37 ` [PATCH 0/4] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try5 Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13  8:37   ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13  8:38   ` [PATCH 1/4] net: introduce dev_mac_address_changed Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13  8:38     ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13 14:58     ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-13 14:58       ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-13  8:42   ` [PATCH 2/4] net: introduce a list of device addresses dev_addr_list Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13  8:42     ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13 14:49     ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-13 14:49       ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-13 22:54       ` David Miller
2009-04-13 22:54         ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-04-13 22:53     ` David Miller
2009-04-13 22:53       ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-04-13  8:44   ` [PATCH 3/4] net: bridge: use device address list instead of dev_addr Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13  8:44     ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13 14:54     ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-13 14:54       ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-14 10:15       ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-14 10:15         ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13 22:54     ` David Miller
2009-04-13 22:54       ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-04-13  8:46   ` [PATCH 4/4] net: bonding: add slave device addresses in mode alb Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13  8:46     ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-13 14:56     ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-13 14:56       ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-15  8:17 ` [PATCH 0/3] bonding: allow bond in mode balance-alb to work properly in bridge -try6 Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  8:17   ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  8:18   ` [PATCH 1/3] net: introduce a list of device addresses dev_addr_list Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  8:18     ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  8:26     ` Li Zefan
2009-04-15  8:26       ` [Bridge] " Li Zefan
2009-04-15  8:29       ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  8:29         ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  8:32       ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  8:32         ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  9:21         ` David Miller
2009-04-15  9:21           ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-04-15  9:27         ` Eric Dumazet
2009-04-15  9:27           ` [Bridge] " Eric Dumazet
2009-04-15  9:31           ` David Miller
2009-04-15  9:31             ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-04-15 10:13             ` Patrick McHardy
2009-04-15 10:13               ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-04-15 10:15               ` David Miller
2009-04-15 10:15                 ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-04-15 10:41                 ` Patrick McHardy
2009-04-15 10:41                   ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-04-15 10:45                   ` David Miller
2009-04-15 10:45                     ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-04-15 10:47                     ` Patrick McHardy
2009-04-15 10:47                       ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-04-15 14:42               ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15 14:42                 ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15 11:17           ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15 11:17             ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15 11:22             ` Patrick McHardy
2009-04-15 11:22               ` [Bridge] " Patrick McHardy
2009-04-15 11:28               ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15 11:28                 ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15 12:28             ` Eric Dumazet
2009-04-15 12:28               ` [Bridge] " Eric Dumazet
2009-04-15 18:02     ` [PATCH 1/3] net: introduce a list of device addresses dev_addr_list (v2) Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15 18:02       ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15 18:54       ` Eric Dumazet
2009-04-15 18:54         ` [Bridge] " Eric Dumazet
2009-04-16  8:46         ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-16  8:46           ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-17 11:57       ` [PATCH 1/3] net: introduce a list of device addresses dev_addr_list (v3) Jiri Pirko
2009-04-17 11:57         ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-17 15:33         ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-17 15:33           ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-18  7:01           ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-18  7:01             ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-18  7:35             ` Eric Dumazet
2009-04-18  7:35               ` [Bridge] " Eric Dumazet
2009-04-18  7:44               ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-18  7:44                 ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-18  8:06                 ` Eric Dumazet
2009-04-18  8:06                   ` [Bridge] " Eric Dumazet
2009-04-18  8:58         ` [PATCH 1/3] net: introduce a list of device addresses dev_addr_list (v4) Jiri Pirko
2009-04-18  8:58           ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-20 16:11           ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-20 16:11             ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-23  8:09             ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-23  8:09               ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-04-23  8:09               ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-23 15:58           ` [Bonding-devel] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-23 15:58             ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-24 21:26             ` Jiri Pirko
2009-04-24 21:26               ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-04 11:14           ` [PATCH] net: introduce a list of device addresses dev_addr_list (v5) Jiri Pirko
2009-05-04 11:14             ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-05  4:37             ` David Miller
2009-05-05  4:37               ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-05-05  6:37               ` Jiri Pirko
2009-05-05  6:37                 ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-05 12:48             ` [PATCH] net: introduce a list of device addresses dev_addr_list (v6) Jiri Pirko
2009-05-05 12:48               ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-05 19:27               ` David Miller
2009-05-05 19:27                 ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-05-08 22:38                 ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-05-08 22:38                   ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-05-08 23:00                   ` David Miller
2009-05-08 23:00                     ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-05-08 23:12                     ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-05-08 23:12                       ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-05-08 23:25                       ` David Miller
2009-05-08 23:25                         ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-05-08 23:29                         ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-05-08 23:29                           ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-04-15  8:21   ` [PATCH 2/3] net: bridge: use device address list instead of dev_addr Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  8:21     ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-06 14:46     ` [PATCH net-next] net: bridge: use device address list instead of dev_addr (repost) Jiri Pirko
2009-05-06 14:46       ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko
2009-05-06 15:08       ` Eric Dumazet
2009-05-06 15:08         ` [Bridge] " Eric Dumazet
2009-05-06 19:26       ` Stephen Hemminger
2009-05-06 19:26         ` [Bridge] " Stephen Hemminger
2009-05-07 22:03         ` David Miller
2009-05-07 22:03           ` [Bridge] " David Miller
2009-04-15  8:22   ` [PATCH 3/3] net: bonding: add slave device addresses in mode alb Jiri Pirko
2009-04-15  8:22     ` [Bridge] " Jiri Pirko

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=4A1D509A.5020205@cosmosbay.com \
    --to=dada1@cosmosbay.com \
    --cc=andy@greyhouse.net \
    --cc=bonding-devel@lists.sourceforge.net \
    --cc=bridge@lists.linux-foundation.org \
    --cc=davem@davemloft.net \
    --cc=fubar@us.ibm.com \
    --cc=jgarzik@pobox.com \
    --cc=jpirko@redhat.com \
    --cc=kaber@trash.net \
    --cc=mschmidt@redhat.com \
    --cc=netdev@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=shemminger@linux-foundation.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.