All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
To: Raghavendra Rao Ananta <rananta@google.com>
Cc: Reiji Watanabe <reijiw@google.com>, Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>,
	Andrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>,
	James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>,
	Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com>,
	Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>,
	Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
	Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
	Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>, Peter Shier <pshier@google.com>,
	Ricardo Koller <ricarkol@google.com>,
	Oliver Upton <oupton@google.com>,
	Jing Zhang <jingzhangos@google.com>,
	Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>,
	kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	kvm@vger.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v3 01/11] KVM: Capture VM start
Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 11:16:46 -0800	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <CALMp9eR+evJ+w9VTSvR2KHciQDgTsnS=bh=1OUL4yy8gG6O51A@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <CAJHc60xD2U36pM4+Dq3yZw6Cokk-16X83JHMPXj4aFnxOJ3BUQ@mail.gmail.com>

On Tue, Jan 11, 2022 at 10:52 AM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
<rananta@google.com> wrote:
>
> On Mon, Jan 10, 2022 at 3:57 PM Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Mon, Jan 10, 2022 at 3:07 PM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
> > <rananta@google.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Fri, Jan 7, 2022 at 4:05 PM Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Fri, Jan 7, 2022 at 3:43 PM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
> > > > <rananta@google.com> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Reiji,
> > > > >
> > > > > On Thu, Jan 6, 2022 at 10:07 PM Reiji Watanabe <reijiw@google.com> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Raghu,
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On Tue, Jan 4, 2022 at 11:49 AM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
> > > > > > <rananta@google.com> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Capture the start of the KVM VM, which is basically the
> > > > > > > start of any vCPU run. This state of the VM is helpful
> > > > > > > in the upcoming patches to prevent user-space from
> > > > > > > configuring certain VM features after the VM has started
> > > > > > > running.
> > > >
> > > > What about live migration, where the VM has already technically been
> > > > started before the first call to KVM_RUN?
> > >
> > > My understanding is that a new 'struct kvm' is created on the target
> > > machine and this flag should be reset, which would allow the VMM to
> > > restore the firmware registers. However, we would be running KVM_RUN
> > > for the first time on the target machine, thus setting the flag.
> > > So, you are right; It's more of a resume operation from the guest's
> > > point of view. I guess the name of the variable is what's confusing
> > > here.
> >
> > I was actually thinking that live migration gives userspace an easy
> > way to circumvent your restriction. You said, "This state of the VM is
> > helpful in the upcoming patches to prevent user-space from configuring
> > certain VM features after the VM has started running." However, if you
> > don't ensure that these VM features are configured the same way on the
> > target machine as they were on the source machine, you have not
> > actually accomplished your stated goal.
> >
> Isn't that up to the VMM to save/restore and validate the registers
> across migrations?

Yes, just as it is up to userspace not to make bad configuration
changes after the first VMRUN.

> Perhaps I have to re-word my intentions for the patch- userspace
> should be able to configure the registers before issuing the first
> KVM_RUN.

Perhaps it would help if you explained *why* you are doing this. It
sounds like you are either trying to protect against a malicious
userspace, or you are trying to keep userspace from doing something
stupid. In general, kvm only enforces constraints that are necessary
to protect the host. If that's what you're doing, I don't understand
why live migration doesn't provide an end-run around your protections.

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
To: Raghavendra Rao Ananta <rananta@google.com>
Cc: Reiji Watanabe <reijiw@google.com>, Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>,
	Andrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>,
	 James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>,
	Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com>,
	Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>,
	Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
	Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
	Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,  Peter Shier <pshier@google.com>,
	Ricardo Koller <ricarkol@google.com>,
	 Oliver Upton <oupton@google.com>,
	Jing Zhang <jingzhangos@google.com>,
	 Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>,
	kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	kvm@vger.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v3 01/11] KVM: Capture VM start
Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 11:16:46 -0800	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <CALMp9eR+evJ+w9VTSvR2KHciQDgTsnS=bh=1OUL4yy8gG6O51A@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <CAJHc60xD2U36pM4+Dq3yZw6Cokk-16X83JHMPXj4aFnxOJ3BUQ@mail.gmail.com>

On Tue, Jan 11, 2022 at 10:52 AM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
<rananta@google.com> wrote:
>
> On Mon, Jan 10, 2022 at 3:57 PM Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Mon, Jan 10, 2022 at 3:07 PM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
> > <rananta@google.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Fri, Jan 7, 2022 at 4:05 PM Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Fri, Jan 7, 2022 at 3:43 PM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
> > > > <rananta@google.com> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Reiji,
> > > > >
> > > > > On Thu, Jan 6, 2022 at 10:07 PM Reiji Watanabe <reijiw@google.com> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Raghu,
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On Tue, Jan 4, 2022 at 11:49 AM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
> > > > > > <rananta@google.com> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Capture the start of the KVM VM, which is basically the
> > > > > > > start of any vCPU run. This state of the VM is helpful
> > > > > > > in the upcoming patches to prevent user-space from
> > > > > > > configuring certain VM features after the VM has started
> > > > > > > running.
> > > >
> > > > What about live migration, where the VM has already technically been
> > > > started before the first call to KVM_RUN?
> > >
> > > My understanding is that a new 'struct kvm' is created on the target
> > > machine and this flag should be reset, which would allow the VMM to
> > > restore the firmware registers. However, we would be running KVM_RUN
> > > for the first time on the target machine, thus setting the flag.
> > > So, you are right; It's more of a resume operation from the guest's
> > > point of view. I guess the name of the variable is what's confusing
> > > here.
> >
> > I was actually thinking that live migration gives userspace an easy
> > way to circumvent your restriction. You said, "This state of the VM is
> > helpful in the upcoming patches to prevent user-space from configuring
> > certain VM features after the VM has started running." However, if you
> > don't ensure that these VM features are configured the same way on the
> > target machine as they were on the source machine, you have not
> > actually accomplished your stated goal.
> >
> Isn't that up to the VMM to save/restore and validate the registers
> across migrations?

Yes, just as it is up to userspace not to make bad configuration
changes after the first VMRUN.

> Perhaps I have to re-word my intentions for the patch- userspace
> should be able to configure the registers before issuing the first
> KVM_RUN.

Perhaps it would help if you explained *why* you are doing this. It
sounds like you are either trying to protect against a malicious
userspace, or you are trying to keep userspace from doing something
stupid. In general, kvm only enforces constraints that are necessary
to protect the host. If that's what you're doing, I don't understand
why live migration doesn't provide an end-run around your protections.

_______________________________________________
linux-arm-kernel mailing list
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/linux-arm-kernel

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
To: Raghavendra Rao Ananta <rananta@google.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org, Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
	Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>, Peter Shier <pshier@google.com>,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
	Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
	kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu,
	Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v3 01/11] KVM: Capture VM start
Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 11:16:46 -0800	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <CALMp9eR+evJ+w9VTSvR2KHciQDgTsnS=bh=1OUL4yy8gG6O51A@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <CAJHc60xD2U36pM4+Dq3yZw6Cokk-16X83JHMPXj4aFnxOJ3BUQ@mail.gmail.com>

On Tue, Jan 11, 2022 at 10:52 AM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
<rananta@google.com> wrote:
>
> On Mon, Jan 10, 2022 at 3:57 PM Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Mon, Jan 10, 2022 at 3:07 PM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
> > <rananta@google.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Fri, Jan 7, 2022 at 4:05 PM Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Fri, Jan 7, 2022 at 3:43 PM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
> > > > <rananta@google.com> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Reiji,
> > > > >
> > > > > On Thu, Jan 6, 2022 at 10:07 PM Reiji Watanabe <reijiw@google.com> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Raghu,
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On Tue, Jan 4, 2022 at 11:49 AM Raghavendra Rao Ananta
> > > > > > <rananta@google.com> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Capture the start of the KVM VM, which is basically the
> > > > > > > start of any vCPU run. This state of the VM is helpful
> > > > > > > in the upcoming patches to prevent user-space from
> > > > > > > configuring certain VM features after the VM has started
> > > > > > > running.
> > > >
> > > > What about live migration, where the VM has already technically been
> > > > started before the first call to KVM_RUN?
> > >
> > > My understanding is that a new 'struct kvm' is created on the target
> > > machine and this flag should be reset, which would allow the VMM to
> > > restore the firmware registers. However, we would be running KVM_RUN
> > > for the first time on the target machine, thus setting the flag.
> > > So, you are right; It's more of a resume operation from the guest's
> > > point of view. I guess the name of the variable is what's confusing
> > > here.
> >
> > I was actually thinking that live migration gives userspace an easy
> > way to circumvent your restriction. You said, "This state of the VM is
> > helpful in the upcoming patches to prevent user-space from configuring
> > certain VM features after the VM has started running." However, if you
> > don't ensure that these VM features are configured the same way on the
> > target machine as they were on the source machine, you have not
> > actually accomplished your stated goal.
> >
> Isn't that up to the VMM to save/restore and validate the registers
> across migrations?

Yes, just as it is up to userspace not to make bad configuration
changes after the first VMRUN.

> Perhaps I have to re-word my intentions for the patch- userspace
> should be able to configure the registers before issuing the first
> KVM_RUN.

Perhaps it would help if you explained *why* you are doing this. It
sounds like you are either trying to protect against a malicious
userspace, or you are trying to keep userspace from doing something
stupid. In general, kvm only enforces constraints that are necessary
to protect the host. If that's what you're doing, I don't understand
why live migration doesn't provide an end-run around your protections.
_______________________________________________
kvmarm mailing list
kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/kvmarm

  reply	other threads:[~2022-01-11 19:18 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 153+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2022-01-04 19:49 [RFC PATCH v3 00/11] KVM: arm64: Add support for hypercall services selection Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 01/11] KVM: Capture VM start Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-07  6:06   ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-07  6:06     ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-07  6:06     ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-07 23:43     ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-07 23:43       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-07 23:43       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-08  0:04       ` Jim Mattson
2022-01-08  0:04         ` Jim Mattson
2022-01-08  0:04         ` Jim Mattson
2022-01-10 23:07         ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-10 23:07           ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-10 23:07           ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-10 23:57           ` Jim Mattson
2022-01-10 23:57             ` Jim Mattson
2022-01-10 23:57             ` Jim Mattson
2022-01-11 18:52             ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11 18:52               ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11 18:52               ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11 19:16               ` Jim Mattson [this message]
2022-01-11 19:16                 ` Jim Mattson
2022-01-11 19:16                 ` Jim Mattson
2022-01-12 18:29                 ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-12 18:29                   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-12 18:29                   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-13 17:21                   ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-13 17:21                     ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-13 17:21                     ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-14  0:42                     ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-14  0:42                       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-14  0:42                       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-14  1:10                       ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-14  1:10                         ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-14  1:10                         ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-14 21:51                     ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-14 21:51                       ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-14 21:51                       ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-18 22:54                       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-18 22:54                         ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-18 22:54                         ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-19  0:07                       ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-19  0:07                         ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-19  0:07                         ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-19  7:47                         ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-19  7:47                           ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-19  7:47                           ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-20  0:27                           ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-20  0:27                             ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-20  0:27                             ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-20 19:16                             ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-20 19:16                               ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-20 19:16                               ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-25 15:15                         ` Marc Zyngier
2022-01-25 15:15                           ` Marc Zyngier
2022-01-25 15:15                           ` Marc Zyngier
2022-01-25 15:10                     ` Marc Zyngier
2022-01-25 15:10                       ` Marc Zyngier
2022-01-25 15:10                       ` Marc Zyngier
2022-01-11  0:03       ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-11  0:03         ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-11  0:03         ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-11 18:54         ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11 18:54           ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11 18:54           ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-08  1:06   ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-08  1:06     ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-08  1:06     ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-10 23:23     ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-10 23:23       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-10 23:23       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11 17:36       ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-11 17:36         ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-11 17:36         ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-11 18:46         ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11 18:46           ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11 18:46           ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11 19:04           ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-11 19:04             ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-11 19:04             ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-12 18:08             ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-12 18:08               ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-12 18:08               ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-12 18:24               ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-12 18:24                 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-12 18:24                 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-12 18:31                 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-12 18:31                   ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-12 18:31                   ` Sean Christopherson
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 02/11] KVM: arm64: Factor out firmware register handling from psci.c Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 03/11] KVM: Introduce KVM_CAP_ARM_HVC_FW_REG_BMAP Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-08  5:40   ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-08  5:40     ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-08  5:40     ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-10 23:40     ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-10 23:40       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-10 23:40       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11  4:33       ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-11  4:33         ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-11  4:33         ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 04/11] KVM: arm64: Setup a framework for hypercall bitmap firmware registers Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-10  6:28   ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-10  6:28     ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-10  6:28     ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-11  0:50     ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11  0:50       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-11  0:50       ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-12  5:11       ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-12  5:11         ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-12  5:11         ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-12 18:02         ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-12 18:02           ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-12 18:02           ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-14  6:23           ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-14  6:23             ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-14  6:23             ` Reiji Watanabe
2022-01-19  6:42   ` Jason Wang
2022-01-19  6:42     ` Jason Wang
2022-01-19  6:42     ` Jason Wang
2022-01-19 10:21     ` Marc Zyngier
2022-01-19 10:21       ` Marc Zyngier
2022-01-19 10:21       ` Marc Zyngier
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 05/11] KVM: arm64: Add standard hypervisor firmware register Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 06/11] KVM: arm64: Add vendor " Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 07/11] Docs: KVM: Add doc for the bitmap firmware registers Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 08/11] Docs: KVM: Rename psci.rst to hypercalls.rst Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 09/11] tools: Import ARM SMCCC definitions Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 10/11] selftests: KVM: aarch64: Introduce hypercall ABI test Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49 ` [RFC PATCH v3 11/11] selftests: KVM: aarch64: Add the bitmap firmware registers to get-reg-list Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta
2022-01-04 19:49   ` Raghavendra Rao Ananta

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to='CALMp9eR+evJ+w9VTSvR2KHciQDgTsnS=bh=1OUL4yy8gG6O51A@mail.gmail.com' \
    --to=jmattson@google.com \
    --cc=alexandru.elisei@arm.com \
    --cc=catalin.marinas@arm.com \
    --cc=drjones@redhat.com \
    --cc=james.morse@arm.com \
    --cc=jingzhangos@google.com \
    --cc=kvm@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu \
    --cc=linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=maz@kernel.org \
    --cc=oupton@google.com \
    --cc=pbonzini@redhat.com \
    --cc=pshier@google.com \
    --cc=rananta@google.com \
    --cc=reijiw@google.com \
    --cc=ricarkol@google.com \
    --cc=suzuki.poulose@arm.com \
    --cc=will@kernel.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.