[PATCH 0/7 v5] scope GFP_NOFS api

[PATCH 0/7 v5] scope GFP_NOFS api

[Michal Hocko]

Hi,
I have posted the previous version here [1]. There are no real changes
in the implementation since then. I've just added "lockdep: teach
lockdep about memalloc_noio_save" from Nikolay which is a lockdep bugfix
developed independently but "mm: introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore}
API" depends on it so I added it here. Then I've rebased the series on
top of 4.11-rc1 which contains sched.h split up which required to add
sched/mm.h include.

There didn't seem to be any real objections and so I think we should go
and finally merge this - ideally in this release cycle as it doesn't
really introduce any functional changes. Those were separated out and
will be posted later. The risk of regressions should really be small
because we do not remove any real GFP_NOFS users yet.

Diffstat says
 fs/jbd2/journal.c         |  8 ++++++++
 fs/jbd2/transaction.c     | 12 ++++++++++++
 fs/xfs/kmem.c             | 12 ++++++------
 fs/xfs/kmem.h             |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c         |  6 +++---
 fs/xfs/xfs_buf.c          |  8 ++++----
 fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c        | 12 ++++++------
 include/linux/gfp.h       | 18 +++++++++++++++++-
 include/linux/jbd2.h      |  2 ++
 include/linux/sched.h     |  6 +++---
 include/linux/sched/mm.h  | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 kernel/locking/lockdep.c  | 11 +++++++++--
 lib/radix-tree.c          |  2 ++
 mm/page_alloc.c           | 10 ++++++----
 mm/vmscan.c               |  6 +++---
 16 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

Shortlog:
Michal Hocko (6):
      lockdep: allow to disable reclaim lockup detection
      xfs: abstract PF_FSTRANS to PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS
      mm: introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API
      xfs: use memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} instead of memalloc_noio*
      jbd2: mark the transaction context with the scope GFP_NOFS context
      jbd2: make the whole kjournald2 kthread NOFS safe

Nikolay Borisov (1):
      lockdep: teach lockdep about memalloc_noio_save


[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170206140718.16222-1-mhocko@kernel.org
[2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117030118.727jqyamjhojzajb@thunk.org

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[PATCH 1/7] lockdep: teach lockdep about memalloc_noio_save

[Michal Hocko]

From: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>

Commit 21caf2fc1931 ("mm: teach mm by current context info to not do I/O
during memory allocation") added the memalloc_noio_(save|restore) functions
to enable people to modify the MM behavior by disabling I/O during memory
allocation. This was further extended in Fixes: 934f3072c17c ("mm: clear
__GFP_FS when PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO is set"). memalloc_noio_* functions prevent
allocation paths recursing back into the filesystem without explicitly
changing the flags for every allocation site. However, lockdep hasn't been
keeping up with the changes and it entirely misses handling the memalloc_noio
adjustments. Instead, it is left to the callers of __lockdep_trace_alloc to
call the function after they have shaven the respective GFP flags which
can lead to false positives:

[  644.173373] =================================
[  644.174012] [ INFO: inconsistent lock state ]
[  644.174012] 4.10.0-nbor #134 Not tainted
[  644.174012] ---------------------------------
[  644.174012] inconsistent {IN-RECLAIM_FS-W} -> {RECLAIM_FS-ON-W} usage.
[  644.174012] fsstress/3365 [HC0[0]:SC0[0]:HE1:SE1] takes:
[  644.174012]  (&xfs_nondir_ilock_class){++++?.}, at: [<ffffffff8136f231>] xfs_ilock+0x141/0x230
[  644.174012] {IN-RECLAIM_FS-W} state was registered at:
[  644.174012]   __lock_acquire+0x62a/0x17c0
[  644.174012]   lock_acquire+0xc5/0x220
[  644.174012]   down_write_nested+0x4f/0x90
[  644.174012]   xfs_ilock+0x141/0x230
[  644.174012]   xfs_reclaim_inode+0x12a/0x320
[  644.174012]   xfs_reclaim_inodes_ag+0x2c8/0x4e0
[  644.174012]   xfs_reclaim_inodes_nr+0x33/0x40
[  644.174012]   xfs_fs_free_cached_objects+0x19/0x20
[  644.174012]   super_cache_scan+0x191/0x1a0
[  644.174012]   shrink_slab+0x26f/0x5f0
[  644.174012]   shrink_node+0xf9/0x2f0
[  644.174012]   kswapd+0x356/0x920
[  644.174012]   kthread+0x10c/0x140
[  644.174012]   ret_from_fork+0x31/0x40
[  644.174012] irq event stamp: 173777
[  644.174012] hardirqs last  enabled at (173777): [<ffffffff8105b440>] __local_bh_enable_ip+0x70/0xc0
[  644.174012] hardirqs last disabled at (173775): [<ffffffff8105b407>] __local_bh_enable_ip+0x37/0xc0
[  644.174012] softirqs last  enabled at (173776): [<ffffffff81357e2a>] _xfs_buf_find+0x67a/0xb70
[  644.174012] softirqs last disabled at (173774): [<ffffffff81357d8b>] _xfs_buf_find+0x5db/0xb70
[  644.174012]
[  644.174012] other info that might help us debug this:
[  644.174012]  Possible unsafe locking scenario:
[  644.174012]
[  644.174012]        CPU0
[  644.174012]        ----
[  644.174012]   lock(&xfs_nondir_ilock_class);
[  644.174012]   <Interrupt>
[  644.174012]     lock(&xfs_nondir_ilock_class);
[  644.174012]
[  644.174012]  *** DEADLOCK ***
[  644.174012]
[  644.174012] 4 locks held by fsstress/3365:
[  644.174012]  #0:  (sb_writers#10){++++++}, at: [<ffffffff81208d04>] mnt_want_write+0x24/0x50
[  644.174012]  #1:  (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#12){++++++}, at: [<ffffffff8120ea2f>] vfs_setxattr+0x6f/0xb0
[  644.174012]  #2:  (sb_internal#2){++++++}, at: [<ffffffff8138185c>] xfs_trans_alloc+0xfc/0x140
[  644.174012]  #3:  (&xfs_nondir_ilock_class){++++?.}, at: [<ffffffff8136f231>] xfs_ilock+0x141/0x230
[  644.174012]
[  644.174012] stack backtrace:
[  644.174012] CPU: 0 PID: 3365 Comm: fsstress Not tainted 4.10.0-nbor #134
[  644.174012] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Ubuntu-1.8.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
[  644.174012] Call Trace:
[  644.174012]  dump_stack+0x85/0xc9
[  644.174012]  print_usage_bug.part.37+0x284/0x293
[  644.174012]  ? print_shortest_lock_dependencies+0x1b0/0x1b0
[  644.174012]  mark_lock+0x27e/0x660
[  644.174012]  mark_held_locks+0x66/0x90
[  644.174012]  lockdep_trace_alloc+0x6f/0xd0
[  644.174012]  kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace+0x3a/0x2c0
[  644.174012]  ? vm_map_ram+0x2a1/0x510
[  644.174012]  vm_map_ram+0x2a1/0x510
[  644.174012]  ? vm_map_ram+0x46/0x510
[  644.174012]  _xfs_buf_map_pages+0x77/0x140
[  644.174012]  xfs_buf_get_map+0x185/0x2a0
[  644.174012]  xfs_attr_rmtval_set+0x233/0x430
[  644.174012]  xfs_attr_leaf_addname+0x2d2/0x500
[  644.174012]  xfs_attr_set+0x214/0x420
[  644.174012]  xfs_xattr_set+0x59/0xb0
[  644.174012]  __vfs_setxattr+0x76/0xa0
[  644.174012]  __vfs_setxattr_noperm+0x5e/0xf0
[  644.174012]  vfs_setxattr+0xae/0xb0
[  644.174012]  ? __might_fault+0x43/0xa0
[  644.174012]  setxattr+0x15e/0x1a0
[  644.174012]  ? __lock_is_held+0x53/0x90
[  644.174012]  ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x93/0xa0
[  644.174012]  ? rcu_sync_lockdep_assert+0x2f/0x60
[  644.174012]  ? __sb_start_write+0x130/0x1d0
[  644.174012]  ? mnt_want_write+0x24/0x50
[  644.174012]  path_setxattr+0x8f/0xc0
[  644.174012]  SyS_lsetxattr+0x11/0x20
[  644.174012]  entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x23/0xc6

Let's fix this by making lockdep explicitly do the shaving of respective
GFP flags.

Fixes: 934f3072c17c ("mm: clear __GFP_FS when PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO is set")
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---
 kernel/locking/lockdep.c | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
index 12e38c213b70..25c33dcd86d7 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
@@ -2863,6 +2864,8 @@ static void __lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long flags)
 	if (unlikely(!debug_locks))
 		return;
 
+	gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
+
 	/* no reclaim without waiting on it */
 	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM))
 		return;
@@ -3854,7 +3857,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lock_unpin_lock);
 
 void lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_t gfp_mask)
 {
-	current->lockdep_reclaim_gfp = gfp_mask;
+	current->lockdep_reclaim_gfp = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
 }
 
 void lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state(void)
-- 
2.11.0

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[PATCH 2/7] lockdep: allow to disable reclaim lockup detection

[Michal Hocko]

From: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>

The current implementation of the reclaim lockup detection can lead to
false positives and those even happen and usually lead to tweak the
code to silence the lockdep by using GFP_NOFS even though the context
can use __GFP_FS just fine. See
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160512080321.GA18496@dastard as an example.

=================================
[ INFO: inconsistent lock state ]
4.5.0-rc2+ #4 Tainted: G           O
---------------------------------
inconsistent {RECLAIM_FS-ON-R} -> {IN-RECLAIM_FS-W} usage.
kswapd0/543 [HC0[0]:SC0[0]:HE1:SE1] takes:

(&xfs_nondir_ilock_class){++++-+}, at: [<ffffffffa00781f7>] xfs_ilock+0x177/0x200 [xfs]

{RECLAIM_FS-ON-R} state was registered at:
  [<ffffffff8110f369>] mark_held_locks+0x79/0xa0
  [<ffffffff81113a43>] lockdep_trace_alloc+0xb3/0x100
  [<ffffffff81224623>] kmem_cache_alloc+0x33/0x230
  [<ffffffffa008acc1>] kmem_zone_alloc+0x81/0x120 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa005456e>] xfs_refcountbt_init_cursor+0x3e/0xa0 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa0053455>] __xfs_refcount_find_shared+0x75/0x580 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa00539e4>] xfs_refcount_find_shared+0x84/0xb0 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa005dcb8>] xfs_getbmap+0x608/0x8c0 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa007634b>] xfs_vn_fiemap+0xab/0xc0 [xfs]
  [<ffffffff81244208>] do_vfs_ioctl+0x498/0x670
  [<ffffffff81244459>] SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90
  [<ffffffff81847cd7>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x6f

       CPU0
       ----
  lock(&xfs_nondir_ilock_class);
  <Interrupt>
    lock(&xfs_nondir_ilock_class);

 *** DEADLOCK ***

3 locks held by kswapd0/543:

stack backtrace:
CPU: 0 PID: 543 Comm: kswapd0 Tainted: G           O    4.5.0-rc2+ #4

Hardware name: innotek GmbH VirtualBox/VirtualBox, BIOS VirtualBox 12/01/2006

 ffffffff82a34f10 ffff88003aa078d0 ffffffff813a14f9 ffff88003d8551c0
 ffff88003aa07920 ffffffff8110ec65 0000000000000000 0000000000000001
 ffff880000000001 000000000000000b 0000000000000008 ffff88003d855aa0
Call Trace:
 [<ffffffff813a14f9>] dump_stack+0x4b/0x72
 [<ffffffff8110ec65>] print_usage_bug+0x215/0x240
 [<ffffffff8110ee85>] mark_lock+0x1f5/0x660
 [<ffffffff8110e100>] ? print_shortest_lock_dependencies+0x1a0/0x1a0
 [<ffffffff811102e0>] __lock_acquire+0xa80/0x1e50
 [<ffffffff8122474e>] ? kmem_cache_alloc+0x15e/0x230
 [<ffffffffa008acc1>] ? kmem_zone_alloc+0x81/0x120 [xfs]
 [<ffffffff811122e8>] lock_acquire+0xd8/0x1e0
 [<ffffffffa00781f7>] ? xfs_ilock+0x177/0x200 [xfs]
 [<ffffffffa0083a70>] ? xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_range+0x150/0x300 [xfs]
 [<ffffffff8110aace>] down_write_nested+0x5e/0xc0
 [<ffffffffa00781f7>] ? xfs_ilock+0x177/0x200 [xfs]
 [<ffffffffa00781f7>] xfs_ilock+0x177/0x200 [xfs]
 [<ffffffffa0083a70>] xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_range+0x150/0x300 [xfs]
 [<ffffffffa0085bdc>] xfs_fs_evict_inode+0xdc/0x1e0 [xfs]
 [<ffffffff8124d7d5>] evict+0xc5/0x190
 [<ffffffff8124d8d9>] dispose_list+0x39/0x60
 [<ffffffff8124eb2b>] prune_icache_sb+0x4b/0x60
 [<ffffffff8123317f>] super_cache_scan+0x14f/0x1a0
 [<ffffffff811e0d19>] shrink_slab.part.63.constprop.79+0x1e9/0x4e0
 [<ffffffff811e50ee>] shrink_zone+0x15e/0x170
 [<ffffffff811e5ef1>] kswapd+0x4f1/0xa80
 [<ffffffff811e5a00>] ? zone_reclaim+0x230/0x230
 [<ffffffff810e6882>] kthread+0xf2/0x110
 [<ffffffff810e6790>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x220/0x220
 [<ffffffff8184803f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
 [<ffffffff810e6790>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x220/0x220

To quote Dave:
"
Ignoring whether reflink should be doing anything or not, that's a
"xfs_refcountbt_init_cursor() gets called both outside and inside
transactions" lockdep false positive case. The problem here is
lockdep has seen this allocation from within a transaction, hence a
GFP_NOFS allocation, and now it's seeing it in a GFP_KERNEL context.
Also note that we have an active reference to this inode.

So, because the reclaim annotations overload the interrupt level
detections and it's seen the inode ilock been taken in reclaim
("interrupt") context, this triggers a reclaim context warning where
it thinks it is unsafe to do this allocation in GFP_KERNEL context
holding the inode ilock...
"

This sounds like a fundamental problem of the reclaim lock detection.
It is really impossible to annotate such a special usecase IMHO unless
the reclaim lockup detection is reworked completely. Until then it
is much better to provide a way to add "I know what I am doing flag"
and mark problematic places. This would prevent from abusing GFP_NOFS
flag which has a runtime effect even on configurations which have
lockdep disabled.

Introduce __GFP_NOLOCKDEP flag which tells the lockdep gfp tracking to
skip the current allocation request.

While we are at it also make sure that the radix tree doesn't
accidentaly override tags stored in the upper part of the gfp_mask.

Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---
 include/linux/gfp.h      | 10 +++++++++-
 kernel/locking/lockdep.c |  4 ++++
 lib/radix-tree.c         |  2 ++
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/gfp.h b/include/linux/gfp.h
index db373b9d3223..978232a3b4ae 100644
--- a/include/linux/gfp.h
+++ b/include/linux/gfp.h
@@ -40,6 +40,11 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
 #define ___GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM	0x400000u
 #define ___GFP_WRITE		0x800000u
 #define ___GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM	0x1000000u
+#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
+#define ___GFP_NOLOCKDEP	0x4000000u
+#else
+#define ___GFP_NOLOCKDEP	0
+#endif
 /* If the above are modified, __GFP_BITS_SHIFT may need updating */
 
 /*
@@ -179,8 +184,11 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
 #define __GFP_NOTRACK	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_NOTRACK)
 #define __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE (__GFP_NOTRACK)
 
+/* Disable lockdep for GFP context tracking */
+#define __GFP_NOLOCKDEP ((__force gfp_t)___GFP_NOLOCKDEP)
+
 /* Room for N __GFP_FOO bits */
-#define __GFP_BITS_SHIFT 25
+#define __GFP_BITS_SHIFT (25 + IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_LOCKDEP))
 #define __GFP_BITS_MASK ((__force gfp_t)((1 << __GFP_BITS_SHIFT) - 1))
 
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
index 25c33dcd86d7..b169339541f5 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
@@ -2884,6 +2884,10 @@ static void __lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long flags)
 	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(irqs_disabled_flags(flags)))
 		return;
 
+	/* Disable lockdep if explicitly requested */
+	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOLOCKDEP)
+		return;
+
 	mark_held_locks(curr, RECLAIM_FS);
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/radix-tree.c b/lib/radix-tree.c
index 5ed506d648c4..526142afcf8c 100644
--- a/lib/radix-tree.c
+++ b/lib/radix-tree.c
@@ -2284,6 +2284,8 @@ static int radix_tree_cpu_dead(unsigned int cpu)
 void __init radix_tree_init(void)
 {
 	int ret;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT > 32);
 	radix_tree_node_cachep = kmem_cache_create("radix_tree_node",
 			sizeof(struct radix_tree_node), 0,
 			SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT,
-- 
2.11.0

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[PATCH 3/7] xfs: abstract PF_FSTRANS to PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS

[Michal Hocko]

From: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>

xfs has defined PF_FSTRANS to declare a scope GFP_NOFS semantic quite
some time ago. We would like to make this concept more generic and use
it for other filesystems as well. Let's start by giving the flag a
more generic name PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS which is in line with an exiting
PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO already used for the same purpose for GFP_NOIO
contexts. Replace all PF_FSTRANS usage from the xfs code in the first
step before we introduce a full API for it as xfs uses the flag directly
anyway.

This patch doesn't introduce any functional change.

Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---
 fs/xfs/kmem.c             |  4 ++--
 fs/xfs/kmem.h             |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c         |  6 +++---
 fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c        | 12 ++++++------
 include/linux/sched.h     |  2 ++
 6 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/xfs/kmem.c b/fs/xfs/kmem.c
index 2dfdc62f795e..e14da724a0b5 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/kmem.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/kmem.c
@@ -81,13 +81,13 @@ kmem_zalloc_large(size_t size, xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 	 * context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO to prevent memory reclaim re-entering
 	 * the filesystem here and potentially deadlocking.
 	 */
-	if ((current->flags & PF_FSTRANS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
+	if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
 		noio_flag = memalloc_noio_save();
 
 	lflags = kmem_flags_convert(flags);
 	ptr = __vmalloc(size, lflags | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_ZERO, PAGE_KERNEL);
 
-	if ((current->flags & PF_FSTRANS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
+	if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
 		memalloc_noio_restore(noio_flag);
 
 	return ptr;
diff --git a/fs/xfs/kmem.h b/fs/xfs/kmem.h
index 689f746224e7..d973dbfc2bfa 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/kmem.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/kmem.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ kmem_flags_convert(xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 		lflags = GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN;
 	} else {
 		lflags = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN;
-		if ((current->flags & PF_FSTRANS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
+		if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
 			lflags &= ~__GFP_FS;
 	}
 
diff --git a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c
index c3decedc9455..3059a3ec7ecb 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c
@@ -2886,7 +2886,7 @@ xfs_btree_split_worker(
 	struct xfs_btree_split_args	*args = container_of(work,
 						struct xfs_btree_split_args, work);
 	unsigned long		pflags;
-	unsigned long		new_pflags = PF_FSTRANS;
+	unsigned long		new_pflags = PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS;
 
 	/*
 	 * we are in a transaction context here, but may also be doing work
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
index bf65a9ea8642..330c6019120e 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ xfs_setfilesize_trans_alloc(
 	 * We hand off the transaction to the completion thread now, so
 	 * clear the flag here.
 	 */
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ xfs_setfilesize_ioend(
 	 * thus we need to mark ourselves as being in a transaction manually.
 	 * Similarly for freeze protection.
 	 */
-	current_set_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_set_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 	__sb_writers_acquired(VFS_I(ip)->i_sb, SB_FREEZE_FS);
 
 	/* we abort the update if there was an IO error */
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ xfs_do_writepage(
 	 * Given that we do not allow direct reclaim to call us, we should
 	 * never be called while in a filesystem transaction.
 	 */
-	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(current->flags & PF_FSTRANS))
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS))
 		goto redirty;
 
 	/*
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c
index 70f42ea86dfb..f5969c8274fc 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ xfs_trans_reserve(
 	bool		rsvd = (tp->t_flags & XFS_TRANS_RESERVE) != 0;
 
 	/* Mark this thread as being in a transaction */
-	current_set_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_set_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 
 	/*
 	 * Attempt to reserve the needed disk blocks by decrementing
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ xfs_trans_reserve(
 	if (blocks > 0) {
 		error = xfs_mod_fdblocks(tp->t_mountp, -((int64_t)blocks), rsvd);
 		if (error != 0) {
-			current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+			current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 			return -ENOSPC;
 		}
 		tp->t_blk_res += blocks;
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ xfs_trans_reserve(
 		tp->t_blk_res = 0;
 	}
 
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 
 	return error;
 }
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ __xfs_trans_commit(
 
 	xfs_log_commit_cil(mp, tp, &commit_lsn, regrant);
 
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 	xfs_trans_free(tp);
 
 	/*
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ __xfs_trans_commit(
 		if (commit_lsn == -1 && !error)
 			error = -EIO;
 	}
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 	xfs_trans_free_items(tp, NULLCOMMITLSN, !!error);
 	xfs_trans_free(tp);
 
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@ xfs_trans_cancel(
 		xfs_log_done(mp, tp->t_ticket, NULL, false);
 
 	/* mark this thread as no longer being in a transaction */
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 
 	xfs_trans_free_items(tp, NULLCOMMITLSN, dirty);
 	xfs_trans_free(tp);
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index d67eee84fd43..4528f7c9789f 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1224,6 +1224,8 @@ extern struct pid *cad_pid;
 #define PF_FREEZER_SKIP		0x40000000	/* Freezer should not count it as freezable */
 #define PF_SUSPEND_TASK		0x80000000      /* This thread called freeze_processes() and should not be frozen */
 
+#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS PF_FSTRANS	/* Transition to a more generic GFP_NOFS scope semantic */
+
 /*
  * Only the _current_ task can read/write to tsk->flags, but other
  * tasks can access tsk->flags in readonly mode for example
-- 
2.11.0

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[PATCH 4/7] mm: introduce memalloc_nofs_{save, restore} API

[Michal Hocko]

From: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>

GFP_NOFS context is used for the following 5 reasons currently
	- to prevent from deadlocks when the lock held by the allocation
	  context would be needed during the memory reclaim
	- to prevent from stack overflows during the reclaim because
	  the allocation is performed from a deep context already
	- to prevent lockups when the allocation context depends on
	  other reclaimers to make a forward progress indirectly
	- just in case because this would be safe from the fs POV
	- silence lockdep false positives

Unfortunately overuse of this allocation context brings some problems
to the MM. Memory reclaim is much weaker (especially during heavy FS
metadata workloads), OOM killer cannot be invoked because the MM layer
doesn't have enough information about how much memory is freeable by the
FS layer.

In many cases it is far from clear why the weaker context is even used
and so it might be used unnecessarily. We would like to get rid of
those as much as possible. One way to do that is to use the flag in
scopes rather than isolated cases. Such a scope is declared when really
necessary, tracked per task and all the allocation requests from within
the context will simply inherit the GFP_NOFS semantic.

Not only this is easier to understand and maintain because there are
much less problematic contexts than specific allocation requests, this
also helps code paths where FS layer interacts with other layers (e.g.
crypto, security modules, MM etc...) and there is no easy way to convey
the allocation context between the layers.

Introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API to control the scope
of GFP_NOFS allocation context. This is basically copying
memalloc_noio_{save,restore} API we have for other restricted allocation
context GFP_NOIO. The PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS flag already exists and it is
just an alias for PF_FSTRANS which has been xfs specific until recently.
There are no more PF_FSTRANS users anymore so let's just drop it.

PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS is now checked in the MM layer and drops __GFP_FS
implicitly same as PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO drops __GFP_IO. memalloc_noio_flags
is renamed to current_gfp_context because it now cares about both
PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS and PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO contexts. Xfs code paths preserve
their semantic. kmem_flags_convert() doesn't need to evaluate the flag
anymore.

This patch shouldn't introduce any functional changes.

Let's hope that filesystems will drop direct GFP_NOFS (resp. ~__GFP_FS)
usage as much as possible and only use a properly documented
memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} checkpoints where they are appropriate.

Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---
 fs/xfs/kmem.h            |  2 +-
 include/linux/gfp.h      |  8 ++++++++
 include/linux/sched.h    |  8 +++-----
 include/linux/sched/mm.h | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 kernel/locking/lockdep.c |  6 +++---
 mm/page_alloc.c          | 10 ++++++----
 mm/vmscan.c              |  6 +++---
 7 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/xfs/kmem.h b/fs/xfs/kmem.h
index d973dbfc2bfa..ae08cfd9552a 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/kmem.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/kmem.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ kmem_flags_convert(xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 		lflags = GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN;
 	} else {
 		lflags = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN;
-		if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
+		if (flags & KM_NOFS)
 			lflags &= ~__GFP_FS;
 	}
 
diff --git a/include/linux/gfp.h b/include/linux/gfp.h
index 978232a3b4ae..2bfcfd33e476 100644
--- a/include/linux/gfp.h
+++ b/include/linux/gfp.h
@@ -210,8 +210,16 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
  *
  * GFP_NOIO will use direct reclaim to discard clean pages or slab pages
  *   that do not require the starting of any physical IO.
+ *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
+ *   memalloc_noio_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot
+ *   perform any IO with a short explanation why. All allocation requests
+ *   will inherit GFP_NOIO implicitly.
  *
  * GFP_NOFS will use direct reclaim but will not use any filesystem interfaces.
+ *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
+ *   memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot/shouldn't
+ *   recurse into the FS layer with a short explanation why. All allocation
+ *   requests will inherit GFP_NOFS implicitly.
  *
  * GFP_USER is for userspace allocations that also need to be directly
  *   accessibly by the kernel or hardware. It is typically used by hardware
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 4528f7c9789f..9c3ee2281a56 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1211,9 +1211,9 @@ extern struct pid *cad_pid;
 #define PF_USED_ASYNC		0x00004000	/* Used async_schedule*(), used by module init */
 #define PF_NOFREEZE		0x00008000	/* This thread should not be frozen */
 #define PF_FROZEN		0x00010000	/* Frozen for system suspend */
-#define PF_FSTRANS		0x00020000	/* Inside a filesystem transaction */
-#define PF_KSWAPD		0x00040000	/* I am kswapd */
-#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO	0x00080000	/* Allocating memory without IO involved */
+#define PF_KSWAPD		0x00020000	/* I am kswapd */
+#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS	0x00040000	/* All allocation requests will inherit GFP_NOFS */
+#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO	0x00080000	/* All allocation requests will inherit GFP_NOIO */
 #define PF_LESS_THROTTLE	0x00100000	/* Throttle me less: I clean memory */
 #define PF_KTHREAD		0x00200000	/* I am a kernel thread */
 #define PF_RANDOMIZE		0x00400000	/* Randomize virtual address space */
@@ -1224,8 +1224,6 @@ extern struct pid *cad_pid;
 #define PF_FREEZER_SKIP		0x40000000	/* Freezer should not count it as freezable */
 #define PF_SUSPEND_TASK		0x80000000      /* This thread called freeze_processes() and should not be frozen */
 
-#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS PF_FSTRANS	/* Transition to a more generic GFP_NOFS scope semantic */
-
 /*
  * Only the _current_ task can read/write to tsk->flags, but other
  * tasks can access tsk->flags in readonly mode for example
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/mm.h b/include/linux/sched/mm.h
index 830953ebb391..9daabe138c99 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/mm.h
@@ -149,13 +149,21 @@ static inline bool in_vfork(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-/* __GFP_IO isn't allowed if PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO is set in current->flags
- * __GFP_FS is also cleared as it implies __GFP_IO.
+/*
+ * Applies per-task gfp context to the given allocation flags.
+ * PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO implies GFP_NOIO
+ * PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS implies GFP_NOFS
  */
-static inline gfp_t memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_t flags)
+static inline gfp_t current_gfp_context(gfp_t flags)
 {
+	/*
+	 * NOIO implies both NOIO and NOFS and it is a weaker context
+	 * so always make sure it makes precendence
+	 */
 	if (unlikely(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO))
 		flags &= ~(__GFP_IO | __GFP_FS);
+	else if (unlikely(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS))
+		flags &= ~__GFP_FS;
 	return flags;
 }
 
@@ -171,4 +179,16 @@ static inline void memalloc_noio_restore(unsigned int flags)
 	current->flags = (current->flags & ~PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO) | flags;
 }
 
+static inline unsigned int memalloc_nofs_save(void)
+{
+	unsigned int flags = current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS;
+	current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS;
+	return flags;
+}
+
+static inline void memalloc_nofs_restore(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	current->flags = (current->flags & ~PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) | flags;
+}
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_SCHED_MM_H */
diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
index b169339541f5..84afa9f19452 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
@@ -2864,7 +2864,7 @@ static void __lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long flags)
 	if (unlikely(!debug_locks))
 		return;
 
-	gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
+	gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask);
 
 	/* no reclaim without waiting on it */
 	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM))
@@ -2875,7 +2875,7 @@ static void __lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long flags)
 		return;
 
 	/* We're only interested __GFP_FS allocations for now */
-	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_FS))
+	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_FS) || (curr->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS))
 		return;
 
 	/*
@@ -3861,7 +3861,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lock_unpin_lock);
 
 void lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_t gfp_mask)
 {
-	current->lockdep_reclaim_gfp = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
+	current->lockdep_reclaim_gfp = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask);
 }
 
 void lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state(void)
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index eaa64d2ffdc5..f7531a93a0d0 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -3966,10 +3966,12 @@ __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
 		goto out;
 
 	/*
-	 * Runtime PM, block IO and its error handling path can deadlock
-	 * because I/O on the device might not complete.
+	 * Apply scoped allocation constrains. This is mainly about
+	 * GFP_NOFS resp. GFP_NOIO which has to be inherited for all
+	 * allocation requests from a particular context which has
+	 * been marked by memalloc_no{fs,io}_{save,restore}
 	 */
-	alloc_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
+	alloc_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask);
 	ac.spread_dirty_pages = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -7423,7 +7425,7 @@ int alloc_contig_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 		.zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start)),
 		.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC,
 		.ignore_skip_hint = true,
-		.gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask),
+		.gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask),
 	};
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.migratepages);
 
diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index bc8031ef994d..7d8590392f3d 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -2950,7 +2950,7 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist, int order,
 	unsigned long nr_reclaimed;
 	struct scan_control sc = {
 		.nr_to_reclaim = SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX,
-		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask)),
+		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask)),
 		.reclaim_idx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask),
 		.order = order,
 		.nodemask = nodemask,
@@ -3030,7 +3030,7 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 	int nid;
 	struct scan_control sc = {
 		.nr_to_reclaim = max(nr_pages, SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX),
-		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK) |
+		.gfp_mask = (current_gfp_context(gfp_mask) & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK) |
 				(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE & ~GFP_RECLAIM_MASK),
 		.reclaim_idx = MAX_NR_ZONES - 1,
 		.target_mem_cgroup = memcg,
@@ -3725,7 +3725,7 @@ static int __node_reclaim(struct pglist_data *pgdat, gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned in
 	int classzone_idx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask);
 	struct scan_control sc = {
 		.nr_to_reclaim = max(nr_pages, SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX),
-		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask)),
+		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask)),
 		.order = order,
 		.priority = NODE_RECLAIM_PRIORITY,
 		.may_writepage = !!(node_reclaim_mode & RECLAIM_WRITE),
-- 
2.11.0


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Re: [PATCH 4/7] mm: introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API

[Andrew Morton]

On Mon,  6 Mar 2017 14:14:05 +0100 Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> wrote:

> From: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
> 
> GFP_NOFS context is used for the following 5 reasons currently
> 	- to prevent from deadlocks when the lock held by the allocation
> 	  context would be needed during the memory reclaim
> 	- to prevent from stack overflows during the reclaim because
> 	  the allocation is performed from a deep context already
> 	- to prevent lockups when the allocation context depends on
> 	  other reclaimers to make a forward progress indirectly
> 	- just in case because this would be safe from the fs POV
> 	- silence lockdep false positives
> 
> Unfortunately overuse of this allocation context brings some problems
> to the MM. Memory reclaim is much weaker (especially during heavy FS
> metadata workloads), OOM killer cannot be invoked because the MM layer
> doesn't have enough information about how much memory is freeable by the
> FS layer.
> 
> In many cases it is far from clear why the weaker context is even used
> and so it might be used unnecessarily. We would like to get rid of
> those as much as possible. One way to do that is to use the flag in
> scopes rather than isolated cases. Such a scope is declared when really
> necessary, tracked per task and all the allocation requests from within
> the context will simply inherit the GFP_NOFS semantic.
> 
> Not only this is easier to understand and maintain because there are
> much less problematic contexts than specific allocation requests, this
> also helps code paths where FS layer interacts with other layers (e.g.
> crypto, security modules, MM etc...) and there is no easy way to convey
> the allocation context between the layers.
> 
> Introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API to control the scope
> of GFP_NOFS allocation context. This is basically copying
> memalloc_noio_{save,restore} API we have for other restricted allocation
> context GFP_NOIO. The PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS flag already exists and it is
> just an alias for PF_FSTRANS which has been xfs specific until recently.
> There are no more PF_FSTRANS users anymore so let's just drop it.
> 
> PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS is now checked in the MM layer and drops __GFP_FS
> implicitly same as PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO drops __GFP_IO. memalloc_noio_flags
> is renamed to current_gfp_context because it now cares about both
> PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS and PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO contexts. Xfs code paths preserve
> their semantic. kmem_flags_convert() doesn't need to evaluate the flag
> anymore.
> 
> This patch shouldn't introduce any functional changes.
> 
> Let's hope that filesystems will drop direct GFP_NOFS (resp. ~__GFP_FS)
> usage as much as possible and only use a properly documented
> memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} checkpoints where they are appropriate.
> 
> ....
>
> --- a/include/linux/gfp.h
> +++ b/include/linux/gfp.h
> @@ -210,8 +210,16 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
>   *
>   * GFP_NOIO will use direct reclaim to discard clean pages or slab pages
>   *   that do not require the starting of any physical IO.
> + *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
> + *   memalloc_noio_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot
> + *   perform any IO with a short explanation why. All allocation requests
> + *   will inherit GFP_NOIO implicitly.
>   *
>   * GFP_NOFS will use direct reclaim but will not use any filesystem interfaces.
> + *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
> + *   memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot/shouldn't
> + *   recurse into the FS layer with a short explanation why. All allocation
> + *   requests will inherit GFP_NOFS implicitly.

I wonder if these are worth a checkpatch rule.

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Re: [PATCH 4/7] mm: introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API

[Michal Hocko]

On Mon 06-03-17 13:22:14, Andrew Morton wrote:
> On Mon,  6 Mar 2017 14:14:05 +0100 Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> wrote:
[...]
> > --- a/include/linux/gfp.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/gfp.h
> > @@ -210,8 +210,16 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
> >   *
> >   * GFP_NOIO will use direct reclaim to discard clean pages or slab pages
> >   *   that do not require the starting of any physical IO.
> > + *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
> > + *   memalloc_noio_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot
> > + *   perform any IO with a short explanation why. All allocation requests
> > + *   will inherit GFP_NOIO implicitly.
> >   *
> >   * GFP_NOFS will use direct reclaim but will not use any filesystem interfaces.
> > + *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
> > + *   memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot/shouldn't
> > + *   recurse into the FS layer with a short explanation why. All allocation
> > + *   requests will inherit GFP_NOFS implicitly.
> 
> I wonder if these are worth a checkpatch rule.

I am not really sure, to be honest. This may easilly end up people
replacing

do_alloc(GFP_NOFS)

with

memalloc_nofs_save()
do_alloc(GFP_KERNEL)
memalloc_nofs_restore()

which doesn't make any sense of course. From my experience, people tend
to do stupid things just to silent checkpatch warnings very often.
Moreover I believe we need to do the transition to the new api first
before we can push back on the explicit GFP_NOFS usage. Maybe then we
can think about the a checkpatch warning.

-- 
Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs

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Re: [PATCH 4/7] mm: introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API

[David Sterba]

On Tue, Mar 07, 2017 at 04:09:56PM +0100, Michal Hocko wrote:
> On Mon 06-03-17 13:22:14, Andrew Morton wrote:
> > On Mon,  6 Mar 2017 14:14:05 +0100 Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> wrote:
> [...]
> > > --- a/include/linux/gfp.h
> > > +++ b/include/linux/gfp.h
> > > @@ -210,8 +210,16 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
> > >   *
> > >   * GFP_NOIO will use direct reclaim to discard clean pages or slab pages
> > >   *   that do not require the starting of any physical IO.
> > > + *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
> > > + *   memalloc_noio_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot
> > > + *   perform any IO with a short explanation why. All allocation requests
> > > + *   will inherit GFP_NOIO implicitly.
> > >   *
> > >   * GFP_NOFS will use direct reclaim but will not use any filesystem interfaces.
> > > + *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
> > > + *   memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot/shouldn't
> > > + *   recurse into the FS layer with a short explanation why. All allocation
> > > + *   requests will inherit GFP_NOFS implicitly.
> > 
> > I wonder if these are worth a checkpatch rule.
> 
> I am not really sure, to be honest. This may easilly end up people
> replacing
> 
> do_alloc(GFP_NOFS)
> 
> with
> 
> memalloc_nofs_save()
> do_alloc(GFP_KERNEL)
> memalloc_nofs_restore()
> 
> which doesn't make any sense of course. From my experience, people tend
> to do stupid things just to silent checkpatch warnings very often.
> Moreover I believe we need to do the transition to the new api first
> before we can push back on the explicit GFP_NOFS usage. Maybe then we
> can think about the a checkpatch warning.

I agree will all your objections against adding that to checkpatch, at
this point it's less harmful to use GFP_NOFS.

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[PATCH 5/7] xfs: use memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} instead of memalloc_noio*

[Michal Hocko]

From: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>

kmem_zalloc_large and _xfs_buf_map_pages use memalloc_noio_{save,restore}
API to prevent from reclaim recursion into the fs because vmalloc can
invoke unconditional GFP_KERNEL allocations and these functions might be
called from the NOFS contexts. The memalloc_noio_save will enforce
GFP_NOIO context which is even weaker than GFP_NOFS and that seems to be
unnecessary. Let's use memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} instead as it should
provide exactly what we need here - implicit GFP_NOFS context.

Changes since v1
- s@memalloc_noio_restore@memalloc_nofs_restore@ in _xfs_buf_map_pages
  as per Brian Foster

Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---
 fs/xfs/kmem.c    | 12 ++++++------
 fs/xfs/xfs_buf.c |  8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/xfs/kmem.c b/fs/xfs/kmem.c
index e14da724a0b5..6b7b04468aa8 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/kmem.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/kmem.c
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ kmem_alloc(size_t size, xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 void *
 kmem_zalloc_large(size_t size, xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 {
-	unsigned noio_flag = 0;
+	unsigned nofs_flag = 0;
 	void	*ptr;
 	gfp_t	lflags;
 
@@ -78,17 +78,17 @@ kmem_zalloc_large(size_t size, xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 	 * __vmalloc() will allocate data pages and auxillary structures (e.g.
 	 * pagetables) with GFP_KERNEL, yet we may be under GFP_NOFS context
 	 * here. Hence we need to tell memory reclaim that we are in such a
-	 * context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO to prevent memory reclaim re-entering
+	 * context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS to prevent memory reclaim re-entering
 	 * the filesystem here and potentially deadlocking.
 	 */
-	if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
-		noio_flag = memalloc_noio_save();
+	if (flags & KM_NOFS)
+		nofs_flag = memalloc_nofs_save();
 
 	lflags = kmem_flags_convert(flags);
 	ptr = __vmalloc(size, lflags | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_ZERO, PAGE_KERNEL);
 
-	if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
-		memalloc_noio_restore(noio_flag);
+	if (flags & KM_NOFS)
+		memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs_flag);
 
 	return ptr;
 }
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_buf.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_buf.c
index b6208728ba39..ca09061369cb 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_buf.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_buf.c
@@ -443,17 +443,17 @@ _xfs_buf_map_pages(
 		bp->b_addr = NULL;
 	} else {
 		int retried = 0;
-		unsigned noio_flag;
+		unsigned nofs_flag;
 
 		/*
 		 * vm_map_ram() will allocate auxillary structures (e.g.
 		 * pagetables) with GFP_KERNEL, yet we are likely to be under
 		 * GFP_NOFS context here. Hence we need to tell memory reclaim
-		 * that we are in such a context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO to prevent
+		 * that we are in such a context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS to prevent
 		 * memory reclaim re-entering the filesystem here and
 		 * potentially deadlocking.
 		 */
-		noio_flag = memalloc_noio_save();
+		nofs_flag = memalloc_nofs_save();
 		do {
 			bp->b_addr = vm_map_ram(bp->b_pages, bp->b_page_count,
 						-1, PAGE_KERNEL);
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ _xfs_buf_map_pages(
 				break;
 			vm_unmap_aliases();
 		} while (retried++ <= 1);
-		memalloc_noio_restore(noio_flag);
+		memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs_flag);
 
 		if (!bp->b_addr)
 			return -ENOMEM;
-- 
2.11.0

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[PATCH 6/7] jbd2: mark the transaction context with the scope GFP_NOFS context

[Michal Hocko]

From: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>

now that we have memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} api we can mark the whole
transaction context as implicitly GFP_NOFS. All allocations will
automatically inherit GFP_NOFS this way. This means that we do not have
to mark any of those requests with GFP_NOFS and moreover all the
ext4_kv[mz]alloc(GFP_NOFS) are also safe now because even the hardcoded
GFP_KERNEL allocations deep inside the vmalloc will be NOFS now.

Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---
 fs/jbd2/transaction.c | 12 ++++++++++++
 include/linux/jbd2.h  |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/fs/jbd2/transaction.c b/fs/jbd2/transaction.c
index 5e659ee08d6a..d8f09f34285f 100644
--- a/fs/jbd2/transaction.c
+++ b/fs/jbd2/transaction.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
 #include <linux/bug.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
 
 #include <trace/events/jbd2.h>
 
@@ -388,6 +389,11 @@ static int start_this_handle(journal_t *journal, handle_t *handle,
 
 	rwsem_acquire_read(&journal->j_trans_commit_map, 0, 0, _THIS_IP_);
 	jbd2_journal_free_transaction(new_transaction);
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that no allocations done while the transaction is
+	 * open is going to recurse back to the fs layer.
+	 */
+	handle->saved_alloc_context = memalloc_nofs_save();
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -466,6 +472,7 @@ handle_t *jbd2__journal_start(journal_t *journal, int nblocks, int rsv_blocks,
 	trace_jbd2_handle_start(journal->j_fs_dev->bd_dev,
 				handle->h_transaction->t_tid, type,
 				line_no, nblocks);
+
 	return handle;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2__journal_start);
@@ -1760,6 +1767,11 @@ int jbd2_journal_stop(handle_t *handle)
 	if (handle->h_rsv_handle)
 		jbd2_journal_free_reserved(handle->h_rsv_handle);
 free_and_exit:
+	/*
+	 * scope of th GFP_NOFS context is over here and so we can
+	 * restore the original alloc context.
+	 */
+	memalloc_nofs_restore(handle->saved_alloc_context);
 	jbd2_free_handle(handle);
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/include/linux/jbd2.h b/include/linux/jbd2.h
index dfaa1f4dcb0c..606b6bce3a5b 100644
--- a/include/linux/jbd2.h
+++ b/include/linux/jbd2.h
@@ -491,6 +491,8 @@ struct jbd2_journal_handle
 
 	unsigned long		h_start_jiffies;
 	unsigned int		h_requested_credits;
+
+	unsigned int		saved_alloc_context;
 };
 
 
-- 
2.11.0

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[PATCH 7/7] jbd2: make the whole kjournald2 kthread NOFS safe

[Michal Hocko]

From: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>

kjournald2 is central to the transaction commit processing. As such any
potential allocation from this kernel thread has to be GFP_NOFS. Make
sure to mark the whole kernel thread GFP_NOFS by the memalloc_nofs_save.

Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---
 fs/jbd2/journal.c | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/fs/jbd2/journal.c b/fs/jbd2/journal.c
index a1a359bfcc9c..78433ce1db40 100644
--- a/fs/jbd2/journal.c
+++ b/fs/jbd2/journal.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
 
 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include <trace/events/jbd2.h>
@@ -206,6 +207,13 @@ static int kjournald2(void *arg)
 	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
 
 	/*
+	 * Make sure that no allocations from this kernel thread will ever recurse
+	 * to the fs layer because we are responsible for the transaction commit
+	 * and any fs involvement might get stuck waiting for the trasn. commit.
+	 */
+	memalloc_nofs_save();
+
+	/*
 	 * And now, wait forever for commit wakeup events.
 	 */
 	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
-- 
2.11.0

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