From: Vishal Annapurve <vannapurve@google.com>
To: Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com>
Cc: Chao Peng <chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com>,
kvm@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-arch@vger.kernel.org, linux-api@vger.kernel.org,
linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, qemu-devel@nongnu.org,
Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>,
Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>,
Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>,
Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>,
Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>,
Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>, Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
x86@kernel.org, "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>,
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>,
Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>,
"J . Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>, Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>,
Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>,
"Maciej S . Szmigiero" <mail@maciej.szmigiero.name>,
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>,
Yu Zhang <yu.c.zhang@linux.intel.com>,
"Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>,
luto@kernel.org, jun.nakajima@intel.com, dave.hansen@intel.com,
ak@linux.intel.com, david@redhat.com, aarcange@redhat.com,
ddutile@redhat.com, dhildenb@redhat.com,
Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>,
tabba@google.com, mhocko@suse.com,
Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>,
wei.w.wang@intel.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH v9 1/8] mm: Introduce memfd_restricted system call to create restricted user memory
Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 10:01:29 -0800 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <CAGtprH9Ecy_tBSuffX9SCBqoeDQEkWHO8ovaMGy4wx+jZoXT9w@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20221129003725.l34qhx6n44mq2gtl@amd.com>
On Mon, Nov 28, 2022 at 4:37 PM Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Oct 25, 2022 at 11:13:37PM +0800, Chao Peng wrote:
> > From: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
> >
> > Introduce 'memfd_restricted' system call with the ability to create
> > memory areas that are restricted from userspace access through ordinary
> > MMU operations (e.g. read/write/mmap). The memory content is expected to
> > be used through a new in-kernel interface by a third kernel module.
> >
> > memfd_restricted() is useful for scenarios where a file descriptor(fd)
> > can be used as an interface into mm but want to restrict userspace's
> > ability on the fd. Initially it is designed to provide protections for
> > KVM encrypted guest memory.
> >
> > Normally KVM uses memfd memory via mmapping the memfd into KVM userspace
> > (e.g. QEMU) and then using the mmaped virtual address to setup the
> > mapping in the KVM secondary page table (e.g. EPT). With confidential
> > computing technologies like Intel TDX, the memfd memory may be encrypted
> > with special key for special software domain (e.g. KVM guest) and is not
> > expected to be directly accessed by userspace. Precisely, userspace
> > access to such encrypted memory may lead to host crash so should be
> > prevented.
> >
> > memfd_restricted() provides semantics required for KVM guest encrypted
> > memory support that a fd created with memfd_restricted() is going to be
> > used as the source of guest memory in confidential computing environment
> > and KVM can directly interact with core-mm without the need to expose
> > the memoy content into KVM userspace.
> >
> > KVM userspace is still in charge of the lifecycle of the fd. It should
> > pass the created fd to KVM. KVM uses the new restrictedmem_get_page() to
> > obtain the physical memory page and then uses it to populate the KVM
> > secondary page table entries.
> >
> > The userspace restricted memfd can be fallocate-ed or hole-punched
> > from userspace. When these operations happen, KVM can get notified
> > through restrictedmem_notifier, it then gets chance to remove any
> > mapped entries of the range in the secondary page tables.
> >
> > memfd_restricted() itself is implemented as a shim layer on top of real
> > memory file systems (currently tmpfs). Pages in restrictedmem are marked
> > as unmovable and unevictable, this is required for current confidential
> > usage. But in future this might be changed.
> >
> > By default memfd_restricted() prevents userspace read, write and mmap.
> > By defining new bit in the 'flags', it can be extended to support other
> > restricted semantics in the future.
> >
> > The system call is currently wired up for x86 arch.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Chao Peng <chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com>
> > ---
> > arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl | 1 +
> > arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl | 1 +
> > include/linux/restrictedmem.h | 62 ++++++
> > include/linux/syscalls.h | 1 +
> > include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h | 5 +-
> > include/uapi/linux/magic.h | 1 +
> > kernel/sys_ni.c | 3 +
> > mm/Kconfig | 4 +
> > mm/Makefile | 1 +
> > mm/restrictedmem.c | 250 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > 10 files changed, 328 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > create mode 100644 include/linux/restrictedmem.h
> > create mode 100644 mm/restrictedmem.c
> >
> > diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl b/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl
> > index 320480a8db4f..dc70ba90247e 100644
> > --- a/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl
> > +++ b/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl
> > @@ -455,3 +455,4 @@
> > 448 i386 process_mrelease sys_process_mrelease
> > 449 i386 futex_waitv sys_futex_waitv
> > 450 i386 set_mempolicy_home_node sys_set_mempolicy_home_node
> > +451 i386 memfd_restricted sys_memfd_restricted
> > diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl b/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl
> > index c84d12608cd2..06516abc8318 100644
> > --- a/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl
> > +++ b/arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl
> > @@ -372,6 +372,7 @@
> > 448 common process_mrelease sys_process_mrelease
> > 449 common futex_waitv sys_futex_waitv
> > 450 common set_mempolicy_home_node sys_set_mempolicy_home_node
> > +451 common memfd_restricted sys_memfd_restricted
> >
> > #
> > # Due to a historical design error, certain syscalls are numbered differently
> > diff --git a/include/linux/restrictedmem.h b/include/linux/restrictedmem.h
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..9c37c3ea3180
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/include/linux/restrictedmem.h
> > @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
> > +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
> > +#ifndef _LINUX_RESTRICTEDMEM_H
> > +
> > +#include <linux/file.h>
> > +#include <linux/magic.h>
> > +#include <linux/pfn_t.h>
> > +
> > +struct restrictedmem_notifier;
> > +
> > +struct restrictedmem_notifier_ops {
> > + void (*invalidate_start)(struct restrictedmem_notifier *notifier,
> > + pgoff_t start, pgoff_t end);
> > + void (*invalidate_end)(struct restrictedmem_notifier *notifier,
> > + pgoff_t start, pgoff_t end);
> > +};
> > +
> > +struct restrictedmem_notifier {
> > + struct list_head list;
> > + const struct restrictedmem_notifier_ops *ops;
> > +};
> > +
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_RESTRICTEDMEM
> > +
> > +void restrictedmem_register_notifier(struct file *file,
> > + struct restrictedmem_notifier *notifier);
> > +void restrictedmem_unregister_notifier(struct file *file,
> > + struct restrictedmem_notifier *notifier);
> > +
> > +int restrictedmem_get_page(struct file *file, pgoff_t offset,
> > + struct page **pagep, int *order);
> > +
> > +static inline bool file_is_restrictedmem(struct file *file)
> > +{
> > + return file->f_inode->i_sb->s_magic == RESTRICTEDMEM_MAGIC;
> > +}
> > +
> > +#else
> > +
> > +static inline void restrictedmem_register_notifier(struct file *file,
> > + struct restrictedmem_notifier *notifier)
> > +{
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline void restrictedmem_unregister_notifier(struct file *file,
> > + struct restrictedmem_notifier *notifier)
> > +{
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline int restrictedmem_get_page(struct file *file, pgoff_t offset,
> > + struct page **pagep, int *order)
> > +{
> > + return -1;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline bool file_is_restrictedmem(struct file *file)
> > +{
> > + return false;
> > +}
> > +
> > +#endif /* CONFIG_RESTRICTEDMEM */
> > +
> > +#endif /* _LINUX_RESTRICTEDMEM_H */
> > diff --git a/include/linux/syscalls.h b/include/linux/syscalls.h
> > index a34b0f9a9972..f9e9e0c820c5 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/syscalls.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/syscalls.h
> > @@ -1056,6 +1056,7 @@ asmlinkage long sys_memfd_secret(unsigned int flags);
> > asmlinkage long sys_set_mempolicy_home_node(unsigned long start, unsigned long len,
> > unsigned long home_node,
> > unsigned long flags);
> > +asmlinkage long sys_memfd_restricted(unsigned int flags);
> >
> > /*
> > * Architecture-specific system calls
> > diff --git a/include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h b/include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h
> > index 45fa180cc56a..e93cd35e46d0 100644
> > --- a/include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h
> > +++ b/include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h
> > @@ -886,8 +886,11 @@ __SYSCALL(__NR_futex_waitv, sys_futex_waitv)
> > #define __NR_set_mempolicy_home_node 450
> > __SYSCALL(__NR_set_mempolicy_home_node, sys_set_mempolicy_home_node)
> >
> > +#define __NR_memfd_restricted 451
> > +__SYSCALL(__NR_memfd_restricted, sys_memfd_restricted)
> > +
> > #undef __NR_syscalls
> > -#define __NR_syscalls 451
> > +#define __NR_syscalls 452
> >
> > /*
> > * 32 bit systems traditionally used different
> > diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/magic.h b/include/uapi/linux/magic.h
> > index 6325d1d0e90f..8aa38324b90a 100644
> > --- a/include/uapi/linux/magic.h
> > +++ b/include/uapi/linux/magic.h
> > @@ -101,5 +101,6 @@
> > #define DMA_BUF_MAGIC 0x444d4142 /* "DMAB" */
> > #define DEVMEM_MAGIC 0x454d444d /* "DMEM" */
> > #define SECRETMEM_MAGIC 0x5345434d /* "SECM" */
> > +#define RESTRICTEDMEM_MAGIC 0x5245534d /* "RESM" */
> >
> > #endif /* __LINUX_MAGIC_H__ */
> > diff --git a/kernel/sys_ni.c b/kernel/sys_ni.c
> > index 860b2dcf3ac4..7c4a32cbd2e7 100644
> > --- a/kernel/sys_ni.c
> > +++ b/kernel/sys_ni.c
> > @@ -360,6 +360,9 @@ COND_SYSCALL(pkey_free);
> > /* memfd_secret */
> > COND_SYSCALL(memfd_secret);
> >
> > +/* memfd_restricted */
> > +COND_SYSCALL(memfd_restricted);
> > +
> > /*
> > * Architecture specific weak syscall entries.
> > */
> > diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
> > index 0331f1461f81..0177d53676c7 100644
> > --- a/mm/Kconfig
> > +++ b/mm/Kconfig
> > @@ -1076,6 +1076,10 @@ config IO_MAPPING
> > config SECRETMEM
> > def_bool ARCH_HAS_SET_DIRECT_MAP && !EMBEDDED
> >
> > +config RESTRICTEDMEM
> > + bool
> > + depends on TMPFS
> > +
> > config ANON_VMA_NAME
> > bool "Anonymous VMA name support"
> > depends on PROC_FS && ADVISE_SYSCALLS && MMU
> > diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
> > index 9a564f836403..6cb6403ffd40 100644
> > --- a/mm/Makefile
> > +++ b/mm/Makefile
> > @@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_PAGE_EXTENSION) += page_ext.o
> > obj-$(CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_CHECK) += page_table_check.o
> > obj-$(CONFIG_CMA_DEBUGFS) += cma_debug.o
> > obj-$(CONFIG_SECRETMEM) += secretmem.o
> > +obj-$(CONFIG_RESTRICTEDMEM) += restrictedmem.o
> > obj-$(CONFIG_CMA_SYSFS) += cma_sysfs.o
> > obj-$(CONFIG_USERFAULTFD) += userfaultfd.o
> > obj-$(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) += page_idle.o
> > diff --git a/mm/restrictedmem.c b/mm/restrictedmem.c
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..e5bf8907e0f8
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/mm/restrictedmem.c
> > @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
> > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > +#include "linux/sbitmap.h"
> > +#include <linux/pagemap.h>
> > +#include <linux/pseudo_fs.h>
> > +#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
> > +#include <linux/syscalls.h>
> > +#include <uapi/linux/falloc.h>
> > +#include <uapi/linux/magic.h>
> > +#include <linux/restrictedmem.h>
> > +
> > +struct restrictedmem_data {
> > + struct mutex lock;
> > + struct file *memfd;
> > + struct list_head notifiers;
> > +};
> > +
> > +static void restrictedmem_notifier_invalidate(struct restrictedmem_data *data,
> > + pgoff_t start, pgoff_t end, bool notify_start)
> > +{
> > + struct restrictedmem_notifier *notifier;
> > +
> > + mutex_lock(&data->lock);
> > + list_for_each_entry(notifier, &data->notifiers, list) {
> > + if (notify_start)
> > + notifier->ops->invalidate_start(notifier, start, end);
> > + else
> > + notifier->ops->invalidate_end(notifier, start, end);
> > + }
> > + mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int restrictedmem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
> > +{
> > + struct restrictedmem_data *data = inode->i_mapping->private_data;
> > +
> > + fput(data->memfd);
> > + kfree(data);
> > + return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static long restrictedmem_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode,
> > + loff_t offset, loff_t len)
> > +{
> > + struct restrictedmem_data *data = file->f_mapping->private_data;
> > + struct file *memfd = data->memfd;
> > + int ret;
> > +
> > + if (mode & FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE) {
> > + if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(offset) || !PAGE_ALIGNED(len))
> > + return -EINVAL;
> > + }
> > +
> > + restrictedmem_notifier_invalidate(data, offset, offset + len, true);
>
> The KVM restrictedmem ops seem to expect pgoff_t, but here we pass
> loff_t. For SNP we've made this strange as part of the following patch
> and it seems to produce the expected behavior:
>
> https://github.com/mdroth/linux/commit/d669c7d3003ff7a7a47e73e8c3b4eeadbd2c4eb6
>
> > + ret = memfd->f_op->fallocate(memfd, mode, offset, len);
> > + restrictedmem_notifier_invalidate(data, offset, offset + len, false);
> > + return ret;
> > +}
> > +
>
> <snip>
>
> > +int restrictedmem_get_page(struct file *file, pgoff_t offset,
> > + struct page **pagep, int *order)
> > +{
> > + struct restrictedmem_data *data = file->f_mapping->private_data;
> > + struct file *memfd = data->memfd;
> > + struct page *page;
> > + int ret;
> > +
> > + ret = shmem_getpage(file_inode(memfd), offset, &page, SGP_WRITE);
>
> This will result in KVM allocating pages that userspace hasn't necessary
> fallocate()'d. In the case of SNP we need to get the PFN so we can clean
> up the RMP entries when restrictedmem invalidations are issued for a GFN
> range.
>
> If the guest supports lazy-acceptance however, these pages may not have
> been faulted in yet, and if the VMM defers actually fallocate()'ing space
> until the guest actually tries to issue a shared->private for that GFN
> (to support lazy-pinning), then there may never be a need to allocate
> pages for these backends.
>
> However, the restrictedmem invalidations are for GFN ranges so there's
> no way to know inadvance whether it's been allocated yet or not. The
> xarray is one option but currently it defaults to 'private' so that
> doesn't help us here. It might if we introduced a 'uninitialized' state
> or something along that line instead of just the binary
> 'shared'/'private' though...
>
> But for now we added a restrictedmem_get_page_noalloc() that uses
> SGP_NONE instead of SGP_WRITE to avoid accidentally allocating a bunch
> of memory as part of guest shutdown, and a
> kvm_restrictedmem_get_pfn_noalloc() variant to go along with that. But
> maybe a boolean param is better? Or maybe SGP_NOALLOC is the better
> default, and we just propagate an error to userspace if they didn't
> fallocate() in advance?
>
One caveat with SGP_NOALLOC being default: For performance reasons (to
avoid frequent userspace exits), VMM will have to always preallocate
all the guest restricted memory. In general this will prevent VMM from
overcommitting.
> -Mike
>
> > + if (ret)
> > + return ret;
> > +
> > + *pagep = page;
> > + if (order)
> > + *order = thp_order(compound_head(page));
> > +
> > + SetPageUptodate(page);
> > + unlock_page(page);
> > +
> > + return 0;
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(restrictedmem_get_page);
> > --
> > 2.25.1
> >
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2022-11-29 18:01 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 101+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2022-10-25 15:13 [PATCH v9 0/8] KVM: mm: fd-based approach for supporting KVM Chao Peng
2022-10-25 15:13 ` [PATCH v9 1/8] mm: Introduce memfd_restricted system call to create restricted user memory Chao Peng
2022-10-26 17:31 ` Isaku Yamahata
2022-10-28 6:12 ` Chao Peng
2022-10-27 10:20 ` Fuad Tabba
2022-10-31 17:47 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-01 11:37 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-01 15:19 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-01 19:30 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-02 14:53 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-02 21:19 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-14 14:02 ` Vlastimil Babka
2022-11-14 15:28 ` Kirill A. Shutemov
2022-11-14 22:16 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-15 9:48 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-14 22:16 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-02 21:14 ` Kirill A. Shutemov
2022-11-02 21:26 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-02 22:07 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-03 16:30 ` Kirill A. Shutemov
2022-11-29 0:06 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-29 11:21 ` Kirill A. Shutemov
2022-11-29 11:39 ` David Hildenbrand
2022-11-29 13:59 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-29 13:58 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-29 0:37 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-29 14:06 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-29 19:06 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-29 19:18 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-30 9:39 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-30 14:31 ` Michael Roth
2022-11-29 18:01 ` Vishal Annapurve [this message]
2022-12-02 2:16 ` Vishal Annapurve
2022-12-02 6:49 ` Chao Peng
2022-12-02 13:44 ` Kirill A . Shutemov
2022-10-25 15:13 ` [PATCH v9 2/8] KVM: Extend the memslot to support fd-based private memory Chao Peng
2022-10-27 10:25 ` Fuad Tabba
2022-10-28 7:04 ` Xiaoyao Li
2022-10-31 14:14 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-14 16:04 ` Alex Bennée
2022-11-15 9:29 ` Chao Peng
2022-10-25 15:13 ` [PATCH v9 3/8] KVM: Add KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT exit Chao Peng
2022-10-25 15:26 ` Peter Maydell
2022-10-25 16:17 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-10-27 10:27 ` Fuad Tabba
2022-10-28 6:14 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-15 16:56 ` Alex Bennée
2022-11-16 3:14 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-16 19:03 ` Alex Bennée
2022-11-17 13:45 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-17 15:08 ` Alex Bennée
2022-11-18 1:32 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-18 13:23 ` Alex Bennée
2022-11-18 15:59 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-22 9:50 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-23 18:02 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-16 18:15 ` Andy Lutomirski
2022-11-16 18:48 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-17 13:42 ` Chao Peng
2022-10-25 15:13 ` [PATCH v9 4/8] KVM: Use gfn instead of hva for mmu_notifier_retry Chao Peng
2022-10-27 10:29 ` Fuad Tabba
2022-11-04 2:28 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-04 22:29 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-08 7:16 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-10 17:53 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-10 20:06 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-11 8:27 ` Chao Peng
2022-10-25 15:13 ` [PATCH v9 5/8] KVM: Register/unregister the guest private memory regions Chao Peng
2022-10-27 10:31 ` Fuad Tabba
2022-11-03 23:04 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-04 8:28 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-04 21:19 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-08 8:24 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-08 1:35 ` Yuan Yao
2022-11-08 9:41 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-09 5:52 ` Yuan Yao
2022-11-16 22:24 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-17 13:20 ` Chao Peng
2022-10-25 15:13 ` [PATCH v9 6/8] KVM: Update lpage info when private/shared memory are mixed Chao Peng
2022-10-26 20:46 ` Isaku Yamahata
2022-10-28 6:38 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-08 12:08 ` Yuan Yao
2022-11-09 4:13 ` Chao Peng
2022-10-25 15:13 ` [PATCH v9 7/8] KVM: Handle page fault for private memory Chao Peng
2022-10-26 21:54 ` Isaku Yamahata
2022-10-28 6:55 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-01 0:02 ` Isaku Yamahata
2022-11-01 11:38 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-16 20:50 ` Ackerley Tng
2022-11-16 22:13 ` Sean Christopherson
2022-11-17 13:25 ` Chao Peng
2022-10-25 15:13 ` [PATCH v9 8/8] KVM: Enable and expose KVM_MEM_PRIVATE Chao Peng
2022-10-27 10:31 ` Fuad Tabba
2022-11-03 12:13 ` [PATCH v9 0/8] KVM: mm: fd-based approach for supporting KVM Vishal Annapurve
2022-11-08 0:41 ` Isaku Yamahata
2022-11-09 15:54 ` Kirill A. Shutemov
2022-11-15 14:36 ` Kirill A. Shutemov
2022-11-14 11:43 ` Alex Bennée
2022-11-16 5:00 ` Chao Peng
2022-11-16 9:40 ` Alex Bennée
2022-11-17 14:16 ` Chao Peng
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=CAGtprH9Ecy_tBSuffX9SCBqoeDQEkWHO8ovaMGy4wx+jZoXT9w@mail.gmail.com \
--to=vannapurve@google.com \
--cc=aarcange@redhat.com \
--cc=ak@linux.intel.com \
--cc=akpm@linux-foundation.org \
--cc=bfields@fieldses.org \
--cc=bp@alien8.de \
--cc=chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com \
--cc=corbet@lwn.net \
--cc=dave.hansen@intel.com \
--cc=david@redhat.com \
--cc=ddutile@redhat.com \
--cc=dhildenb@redhat.com \
--cc=hpa@zytor.com \
--cc=hughd@google.com \
--cc=jlayton@kernel.org \
--cc=jmattson@google.com \
--cc=joro@8bytes.org \
--cc=jun.nakajima@intel.com \
--cc=kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com \
--cc=kvm@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-api@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-arch@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-doc@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
--cc=luto@kernel.org \
--cc=mail@maciej.szmigiero.name \
--cc=mhocko@suse.com \
--cc=michael.roth@amd.com \
--cc=mingo@redhat.com \
--cc=pbonzini@redhat.com \
--cc=qemu-devel@nongnu.org \
--cc=qperret@google.com \
--cc=rppt@kernel.org \
--cc=seanjc@google.com \
--cc=shuah@kernel.org \
--cc=songmuchun@bytedance.com \
--cc=steven.price@arm.com \
--cc=tabba@google.com \
--cc=tglx@linutronix.de \
--cc=vbabka@suse.cz \
--cc=vkuznets@redhat.com \
--cc=wanpengli@tencent.com \
--cc=wei.w.wang@intel.com \
--cc=x86@kernel.org \
--cc=yu.c.zhang@linux.intel.com \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).