[PATCH v6 0/7] freezer for cgroup v2

[PATCH v6 0/7] freezer for cgroup v2

[Roman Gushchin]

This patchset implements freezer for cgroup v2.

It provides similar functionality as v1 freezer, but the interface
conforms to the cgroup v2 interface design principles, and it
provides a better user experience: tasks can be killed, ptrace works,
there is no separate controller, which has to be enabled, etc.

Patches (1), (2) and (3) are some preparational work, patch (4) contains
the implementation, patch (5) is a small cgroup kselftest fix,
patch (6) covers freezer adds 6 new kselftests to cover the freezer
functionality. Patch (7) adds corresponding docs.

v6->v5:
  - reverted to clear TIF_SIGPENDING with additional checks before schedule(),
  as proposed by Oleg Nesterov
  - made cgroup v2 freezer working with the system freezer (by using
  freezable_schedule())
  - make freezer working with SIGSTOPped and PTRACEd tasks
  - added tests to cover freezing a cgroup with SIGSTOPped and PTRACEd tasks

v5->v4:
  - rewored cgroup state transition code (suggested by Tejun Heo)
  - look at JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE instead of task->frozen in
    recalc_sigpending(), check for task->frozen and JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE
    in signal_pending_state() (suggested by Oleg Nesterov)
  - some cosmetic changes in signal.c (suggested by Oleg Nesterov)
  - cleaned up comments

v4->v3:
  - reading nr_descendants doesn't require taking css_set_lock anymore
  - fixed docs based on Mike Rapoport's feedback
  - fixed double irq lock found by Dan Carpenter

v3->v2:
  - dropped TASK_FROZEN for now, frozen tasks are put into TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE
  state; it's probably not the final version, but the API question can be
  discussed separately
  - don't clear TIF_SIGPENDING before going to sleep, instead add
  task->frozen check in signal_pending_state() and recalc_sigpending()
  - cgroup-level counter are now synchronized using css_set_lock,
  which simplified the whole code (e.g. per-cgroup works were removed)
  - the amount of comments increased significantly
  - many other improvements incorporating feedback from Tejun and Oleg

v2->v1:
  - fixed locking aroung calling cgroup_freezer_leave()
  - added docs

Roman Gushchin (7):
  cgroup: rename freezer.c into legacy_freezer.c
  cgroup: implement __cgroup_task_count() helper
  cgroup: protect cgroup->nr_(dying_)descendants by css_set_lock
  cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer
  kselftests: cgroup: don't fail on cg_kill_all() error in cg_destroy()
  kselftests: cgroup: add freezer controller self-tests
  cgroup: document cgroup v2 freezer interface

 Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst       |  27 +
 include/linux/cgroup-defs.h                   |  39 +
 include/linux/cgroup.h                        |  46 +
 include/linux/sched.h                         |   4 +
 include/linux/sched/jobctl.h                  |   2 +
 kernel/cgroup/Makefile                        |   4 +-
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h               |   1 +
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c                     |  16 -
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c                        | 145 +++-
 kernel/cgroup/freezer.c                       | 650 ++++++--------
 kernel/cgroup/legacy_freezer.c                | 481 ++++++++++
 kernel/signal.c                               |  93 +-
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/.gitignore     |   1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/Makefile       |   2 +
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c  |  85 +-
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.h  |   7 +
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_freezer.c | 821 ++++++++++++++++++
 17 files changed, 1993 insertions(+), 431 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 kernel/cgroup/legacy_freezer.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_freezer.c

-- 
2.19.2

[PATCH v6 1/7] cgroup: rename freezer.c into legacy_freezer.c

[Roman Gushchin]

Freezer.c will contain an implementation of cgroup v2 freezer,
so let's rename the v1 freezer to avoid naming conflicts.

Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
---
 kernel/cgroup/Makefile                        | 2 +-
 kernel/cgroup/{freezer.c => legacy_freezer.c} | 0
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
 rename kernel/cgroup/{freezer.c => legacy_freezer.c} (100%)

diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
index bfcdae896122..8d5689ca94b9 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-y := cgroup.o rstat.o namespace.o cgroup-v1.o
 
-obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER) += freezer.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER) += legacy_freezer.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS) += pids.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_RDMA) += rdma.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CPUSETS) += cpuset.o
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/freezer.c b/kernel/cgroup/legacy_freezer.c
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/cgroup/freezer.c
rename to kernel/cgroup/legacy_freezer.c
-- 
2.19.2

[PATCH v6 2/7] cgroup: implement __cgroup_task_count() helper

[Roman Gushchin]

The helper is identical to the existing cgroup_task_count()
except it doesn't take the css_set_lock by itself, assuming
that the caller does.

Also, move cgroup_task_count() implementation into
kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c, as there is nothing specific to cgroup v1.

Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
---
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h |  1 +
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c       | 16 ----------------
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c          | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
index c950864016e2..a195328431ce 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ int cgroup_rmdir(struct kernfs_node *kn);
 int cgroup_show_path(struct seq_file *sf, struct kernfs_node *kf_node,
 		     struct kernfs_root *kf_root);
 
+int __cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp);
 int cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp);
 
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c
index 51063e7a93c2..6134fef07d57 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c
@@ -336,22 +336,6 @@ static struct cgroup_pidlist *cgroup_pidlist_find_create(struct cgroup *cgrp,
 	return l;
 }
 
-/**
- * cgroup_task_count - count the number of tasks in a cgroup.
- * @cgrp: the cgroup in question
- */
-int cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
-{
-	int count = 0;
-	struct cgrp_cset_link *link;
-
-	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
-	list_for_each_entry(link, &cgrp->cset_links, cset_link)
-		count += link->cset->nr_tasks;
-	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
-	return count;
-}
-
 /*
  * Load a cgroup's pidarray with either procs' tgids or tasks' pids
  */
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
index e06994fd4e34..7519a4307021 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
@@ -563,6 +563,39 @@ static void cgroup_get_live(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 	css_get(&cgrp->self);
 }
 
+/**
+ * __cgroup_task_count - count the number of tasks in a cgroup. The caller
+ * is responsible for taking the css_set_lock.
+ * @cgrp: the cgroup in question
+ */
+int __cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	struct cgrp_cset_link *link;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_lock);
+
+	list_for_each_entry(link, &cgrp->cset_links, cset_link)
+		count += link->cset->nr_tasks;
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_task_count - count the number of tasks in a cgroup.
+ * @cgrp: the cgroup in question
+ */
+int cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+	int count;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+	count = __cgroup_task_count(cgrp);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+
+	return count;
+}
+
 struct cgroup_subsys_state *of_css(struct kernfs_open_file *of)
 {
 	struct cgroup *cgrp = of->kn->parent->priv;
-- 
2.19.2

[PATCH v6 3/7] cgroup: protect cgroup->nr_(dying_)descendants by css_set_lock

[Roman Gushchin]

The number of descendant cgroups and the number of dying
descendant cgroups are currently synchronized using the cgroup_mutex.

The number of descendant cgroups will be required by the cgroup v2
freezer, which will use it to determine if a cgroup is frozen
(depending on total number of descendants and number of frozen
descendants). It's not always acceptable to grab the cgroup_mutex,
especially from quite hot paths (e.g. exit()).

To avoid this, let's additionally synchronize these counters using
the css_set_lock.

So, it's safe to read these counters with either cgroup_mutex or
css_set_lock locked, and for changing both locks should be acquired.

Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
---
 include/linux/cgroup-defs.h | 5 +++++
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c      | 6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h b/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
index 8fcbae1b8db0..03355d7008ff 100644
--- a/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
+++ b/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
@@ -348,6 +348,11 @@ struct cgroup {
 	 * Dying cgroups are cgroups which were deleted by a user,
 	 * but are still existing because someone else is holding a reference.
 	 * max_descendants is a maximum allowed number of descent cgroups.
+	 *
+	 * nr_descendants and nr_dying_descendants are protected
+	 * by cgroup_mutex and css_set_lock. It's fine to read them holding
+	 * any of cgroup_mutex and css_set_lock; for writing both locks
+	 * should be held.
 	 */
 	int nr_descendants;
 	int nr_dying_descendants;
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
index 7519a4307021..f89dde50f693 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
@@ -4723,9 +4723,11 @@ static void css_release_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 		if (cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp))
 			cgroup_rstat_flush(cgrp);
 
+		spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 		for (tcgrp = cgroup_parent(cgrp); tcgrp;
 		     tcgrp = cgroup_parent(tcgrp))
 			tcgrp->nr_dying_descendants--;
+		spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 
 		cgroup_idr_remove(&cgrp->root->cgroup_idr, cgrp->id);
 		cgrp->id = -1;
@@ -4943,12 +4945,14 @@ static struct cgroup *cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent)
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_psi_free;
 
+	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 	for (tcgrp = cgrp; tcgrp; tcgrp = cgroup_parent(tcgrp)) {
 		cgrp->ancestor_ids[tcgrp->level] = tcgrp->id;
 
 		if (tcgrp != cgrp)
 			tcgrp->nr_descendants++;
 	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 
 	if (notify_on_release(parent))
 		set_bit(CGRP_NOTIFY_ON_RELEASE, &cgrp->flags);
@@ -5233,10 +5237,12 @@ static int cgroup_destroy_locked(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 	if (parent && cgroup_is_threaded(cgrp))
 		parent->nr_threaded_children--;
 
+	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 	for (tcgrp = cgroup_parent(cgrp); tcgrp; tcgrp = cgroup_parent(tcgrp)) {
 		tcgrp->nr_descendants--;
 		tcgrp->nr_dying_descendants++;
 	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 
 	cgroup1_check_for_release(parent);
 
-- 
2.19.2

[PATCH v6 4/7] cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer

[Roman Gushchin]

Cgroup v1 implements the freezer controller, which provides an ability
to stop the workload in a cgroup and temporarily free up some
resources (cpu, io, network bandwidth and, potentially, memory)
for some other tasks. Cgroup v2 lacks this functionality.

This patch implements freezer for cgroup v2.

Cgroup v2 freezer tries to put tasks into a state similar to jobctl
stop. This means that tasks can be killed, ptraced (using
PTRACE_SEIZE*), and interrupted. It is possible to attach to
a frozen task, get some information (e.g. read registers) and detach.
It's also possible to migrate a frozen tasks to another cgroup.

This differs cgroup v2 freezer from cgroup v1 freezer, which mostly
tried to imitate the system-wide freezer. However uninterruptible
sleep is fine when all tasks are going to be frozen (hibernation case),
it's not the acceptable state for some subset of the system.

Cgroup v2 freezer is not supporting freezing kthreads.
If a non-root cgroup contains kthread, the cgroup still can be frozen,
but the kthread will remain running, the cgroup will be shown
as non-frozen, and the notification will not be delivered.

* PTRACE_ATTACH is not working because non-fatal signal delivery
is blocked in frozen state.

There are some interface differences between cgroup v1 and cgroup v2
freezer too, which are required to conform the cgroup v2 interface
design principles:
1) There is no separate controller, which has to be turned on:
the functionality is always available and is represented by
cgroup.freeze and cgroup.events cgroup control files.
2) The desired state is defined by the cgroup.freeze control file.
Any hierarchical configuration is allowed.
3) The interface is asynchronous. The actual state is available
using cgroup.events control file ("frozen" field). There are no
dedicated transitional states.
4) It's allowed to make any changes with the cgroup hierarchy
(create new cgroups, remove old cgroups, move tasks between cgroups)
no matter if some cgroups are frozen.

Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
---
 include/linux/cgroup-defs.h  |  34 ++++
 include/linux/cgroup.h       |  46 +++++
 include/linux/sched.h        |   4 +
 include/linux/sched/jobctl.h |   2 +
 kernel/cgroup/Makefile       |   2 +-
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c       | 106 ++++++++++-
 kernel/cgroup/freezer.c      | 329 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/signal.c              |  93 +++++++++-
 8 files changed, 607 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 kernel/cgroup/freezer.c

diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h b/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
index 03355d7008ff..859813ff1ee2 100644
--- a/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
+++ b/include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
@@ -64,6 +64,12 @@ enum {
 	 * specified at mount time and thus is implemented here.
 	 */
 	CGRP_CPUSET_CLONE_CHILDREN,
+
+	/* Control group has to be frozen. */
+	CGRP_FREEZE,
+
+	/* Cgroup is frozen. */
+	CGRP_FROZEN,
 };
 
 /* cgroup_root->flags */
@@ -316,6 +322,31 @@ struct cgroup_rstat_cpu {
 	struct cgroup *updated_next;		/* NULL iff not on the list */
 };
 
+struct cgroup_freezer_state {
+	/* Should the cgroup and its descendants be frozen. */
+	bool freeze;
+
+	/* Should the cgroup actually be frozen? */
+	int e_freeze;
+
+	/* Fields below are protected by css_set_lock */
+
+	/* Number of frozen descendant cgroups */
+	int nr_frozen_descendants;
+
+	/* Number of tasks to freeze */
+	int nr_tasks_to_freeze;
+
+	/* Number of frozen tasks */
+	int nr_frozen_tasks;
+
+	/*
+	 * Number of tasks, which are counted as frozen:
+	 * SIGSTOPped, and PTRACEd.
+	 */
+	int nr_stopped_tasks;
+};
+
 struct cgroup {
 	/* self css with NULL ->ss, points back to this cgroup */
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state self;
@@ -452,6 +483,9 @@ struct cgroup {
 	/* If there is block congestion on this cgroup. */
 	atomic_t congestion_count;
 
+	/* Used to store internal freezer state */
+	struct cgroup_freezer_state freezer;
+
 	/* ids of the ancestors at each level including self */
 	int ancestor_ids[];
 };
diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup.h b/include/linux/cgroup.h
index 9d12757a65b0..df51b37928ba 100644
--- a/include/linux/cgroup.h
+++ b/include/linux/cgroup.h
@@ -877,4 +877,50 @@ static inline void put_cgroup_ns(struct cgroup_namespace *ns)
 		free_cgroup_ns(ns);
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
+
+void cgroup_enter_frozen(void);
+void cgroup_leave_frozen(void);
+void cgroup_enter_stopped(void);
+void cgroup_leave_stopped(void);
+void cgroup_dec_tasks_to_freeze(struct cgroup *cgrp);
+void cgroup_freeze(struct cgroup *cgrp, bool freeze);
+void cgroup_freezer_migrate_task(struct task_struct *task, struct cgroup *src,
+				 struct cgroup *dst);
+static inline bool cgroup_task_freeze(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	bool ret;
+
+	if (task->flags & PF_KTHREAD)
+		return false;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	ret = test_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &task_dfl_cgroup(task)->flags);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline bool cgroup_task_frozen(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	return task->frozen;
+}
+
+#else /* !CONFIG_CGROUPS */
+
+static inline void cgroup_enter_frozen(void) { }
+static inline void cgroup_leave_frozen(void) { }
+static inline void cgroup_enter_stopped(void) { }
+static inline void cgroup_leave_stopped(void) { }
+static inline bool cgroup_task_freeze(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+static inline bool cgroup_task_frozen(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+
+#endif /* !CONFIG_CGROUPS */
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_CGROUP_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index a51c13c2b1a0..a52d42815f49 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -731,6 +731,10 @@ struct task_struct {
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
 	/* disallow userland-initiated cgroup migration */
 	unsigned			no_cgroup_migration:1;
+	/* task is frozen by the cgroup freezer */
+	unsigned			frozen:1;
+	/* task is stopped (used by cgroup freezer) */
+	unsigned			stopped:1;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP
 	/* to be used once the psi infrastructure lands upstream. */
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/jobctl.h b/include/linux/sched/jobctl.h
index 98228bd48aee..fa067de9f1a9 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/jobctl.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/jobctl.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ struct task_struct;
 #define JOBCTL_TRAP_NOTIFY_BIT	20	/* trap for NOTIFY */
 #define JOBCTL_TRAPPING_BIT	21	/* switching to TRACED */
 #define JOBCTL_LISTENING_BIT	22	/* ptracer is listening for events */
+#define JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE_BIT	23	/* trap for cgroup freezer */
 
 #define JOBCTL_STOP_DEQUEUED	(1UL << JOBCTL_STOP_DEQUEUED_BIT)
 #define JOBCTL_STOP_PENDING	(1UL << JOBCTL_STOP_PENDING_BIT)
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ struct task_struct;
 #define JOBCTL_TRAP_NOTIFY	(1UL << JOBCTL_TRAP_NOTIFY_BIT)
 #define JOBCTL_TRAPPING		(1UL << JOBCTL_TRAPPING_BIT)
 #define JOBCTL_LISTENING	(1UL << JOBCTL_LISTENING_BIT)
+#define JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE	(1UL << JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE_BIT)
 
 #define JOBCTL_TRAP_MASK	(JOBCTL_TRAP_STOP | JOBCTL_TRAP_NOTIFY)
 #define JOBCTL_PENDING_MASK	(JOBCTL_STOP_PENDING | JOBCTL_TRAP_MASK)
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
index 8d5689ca94b9..5d7a76bfbbb7 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-obj-y := cgroup.o rstat.o namespace.o cgroup-v1.o
+obj-y := cgroup.o rstat.o namespace.o cgroup-v1.o freezer.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER) += legacy_freezer.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS) += pids.o
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
index f89dde50f693..3e6a7c19bfaf 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
@@ -2361,6 +2361,12 @@ static int cgroup_migrate_execute(struct cgroup_mgctx *mgctx)
 			get_css_set(to_cset);
 			to_cset->nr_tasks++;
 			css_set_move_task(task, from_cset, to_cset, true);
+			/*
+			 * If the source or destination cgroup is frozen,
+			 * the task might require to change its state.
+			 */
+			cgroup_freezer_migrate_task(task, from_cset->dfl_cgrp,
+						    to_cset->dfl_cgrp);
 			put_css_set_locked(from_cset);
 			from_cset->nr_tasks--;
 		}
@@ -3406,8 +3412,11 @@ static ssize_t cgroup_max_depth_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 
 static int cgroup_events_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
 {
-	seq_printf(seq, "populated %d\n",
-		   cgroup_is_populated(seq_css(seq)->cgroup));
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = seq_css(seq)->cgroup;
+
+	seq_printf(seq, "populated %d\n", cgroup_is_populated(cgrp));
+	seq_printf(seq, "frozen %d\n", test_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags));
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3469,6 +3478,40 @@ static int cgroup_cpu_pressure_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
 }
 #endif
 
+static int cgroup_freeze_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = seq_css(seq)->cgroup;
+
+	seq_printf(seq, "%d\n", cgrp->freezer.freeze);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t cgroup_freeze_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
+				   char *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
+{
+	struct cgroup *cgrp;
+	ssize_t ret;
+	int freeze;
+
+	ret = kstrtoint(strstrip(buf), 0, &freeze);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (freeze < 0 || freeze > 1)
+		return -ERANGE;
+
+	cgrp = cgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn, false);
+	if (!cgrp)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	cgroup_freeze(cgrp, freeze);
+
+	cgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
+
+	return nbytes;
+}
+
 static int cgroup_file_open(struct kernfs_open_file *of)
 {
 	struct cftype *cft = of->kn->priv;
@@ -4595,6 +4638,12 @@ static struct cftype cgroup_base_files[] = {
 		.name = "cgroup.stat",
 		.seq_show = cgroup_stat_show,
 	},
+	{
+		.name = "cgroup.freeze",
+		.flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
+		.seq_show = cgroup_freeze_show,
+		.write = cgroup_freeze_write,
+	},
 	{
 		.name = "cpu.stat",
 		.flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
@@ -4945,12 +4994,29 @@ static struct cgroup *cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent)
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_psi_free;
 
+	/*
+	 * New cgroup inherits effective freeze counter, and
+	 * if the parent has to be frozen, the child has too.
+	 */
+	cgrp->freezer.e_freeze = parent->freezer.e_freeze;
+	if (cgrp->freezer.e_freeze)
+		set_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags);
+
 	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 	for (tcgrp = cgrp; tcgrp; tcgrp = cgroup_parent(tcgrp)) {
 		cgrp->ancestor_ids[tcgrp->level] = tcgrp->id;
 
-		if (tcgrp != cgrp)
+		if (tcgrp != cgrp) {
 			tcgrp->nr_descendants++;
+
+			/*
+			 * If the new cgroup is frozen, all ancestor cgroups
+			 * get a new frozen descendant, but their state can't
+			 * change because of this.
+			 */
+			if (cgrp->freezer.e_freeze)
+				tcgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_descendants++;
+		}
 	}
 	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 
@@ -5241,6 +5307,12 @@ static int cgroup_destroy_locked(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 	for (tcgrp = cgroup_parent(cgrp); tcgrp; tcgrp = cgroup_parent(tcgrp)) {
 		tcgrp->nr_descendants--;
 		tcgrp->nr_dying_descendants++;
+		/*
+		 * If the dying cgroup is frozen, decrease frozen descendants
+		 * counters of ancestor cgroups.
+		 */
+		if (test_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags))
+			tcgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_descendants--;
 	}
 	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 
@@ -5694,6 +5766,23 @@ void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *child)
 			cset->nr_tasks++;
 			css_set_move_task(child, NULL, cset, false);
 		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If the cgroup has to be frozen, the new task has too.
+		 * Let's update cgroup freezer counter and set the
+		 * JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE jobctl bit to get the tack into
+		 * the frozen state.
+		 */
+		if (unlikely(cgroup_task_freeze(child))) {
+			struct cgroup *cgrp;
+
+			spin_lock(&child->sighand->siglock);
+			cgrp = cset->dfl_cgrp;
+			cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze++;
+			child->jobctl |= JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE;
+			spin_unlock(&child->sighand->siglock);
+		}
+
 		spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 	}
 
@@ -5742,6 +5831,17 @@ void cgroup_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
 		spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 		css_set_move_task(tsk, cset, NULL, false);
 		cset->nr_tasks--;
+
+		if (unlikely(test_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cset->dfl_cgrp->flags))) {
+			/*
+			 * Task frozen bit should be cleared at this moment,
+			 * and nr_frozen_task should be decreased.
+			 * Let's update nr_tasks_to_freeze.
+			 */
+			WARN_ON_ONCE(tsk->frozen);
+			cgroup_dec_tasks_to_freeze(cset->dfl_cgrp);
+		}
+
 		spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
 	} else {
 		get_css_set(cset);
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/freezer.c b/kernel/cgroup/freezer.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..caff5b038ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/freezer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+//SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <linux/cgroup.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/sched/task.h>
+#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
+
+#include "cgroup-internal.h"
+
+/*
+ * Propagate the cgroup frozen state upwards by the cgroup tree.
+ */
+static void cgroup_propagate_frozen(struct cgroup *cgrp, bool frozen)
+{
+	int desc = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the new state is frozen, some freezing ancestor cgroups may change
+	 * their state too, depending on if all their descendants are frozen.
+	 *
+	 * Otherwise, all ancestor cgroups are forced into the non-frozen state.
+	 */
+	while ((cgrp = cgroup_parent(cgrp))) {
+		if (frozen) {
+			cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_descendants += desc;
+			if (!test_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags) &&
+			    test_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &cgrp->flags) &&
+			    cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_descendants ==
+			    cgrp->nr_descendants) {
+				set_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags);
+				cgroup_file_notify(&cgrp->events_file);
+				desc++;
+			}
+		} else {
+			cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_descendants -= desc;
+			if (test_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags)) {
+				clear_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags);
+				cgroup_file_notify(&cgrp->events_file);
+				desc++;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Revisit the cgroup frozen state.
+ * Checks if the cgroup is really frozen and performs
+ * all state transitions.
+ */
+static void cgroup_update_frozen(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+	bool frozen;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the cgroup has to be frozen (CGRP_FREEZE bit set),
+	 * and all tasks are frozen or stopped, let's consider
+	 * the cgroup frozen. Otherwise it's not frozen.
+	 */
+	frozen = test_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &cgrp->flags) &&
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_tasks +
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_stopped_tasks ==
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze;
+
+	if (frozen) {
+		/* Already there? */
+		if (test_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags))
+			return;
+
+		set_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags);
+	} else {
+		/* Already there? */
+		if (!test_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags))
+			return;
+
+		clear_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cgrp->flags);
+	}
+	cgroup_file_notify(&cgrp->events_file);
+
+	/* Update the state of ancestor cgroups. */
+	cgroup_propagate_frozen(cgrp, frozen);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Increment cgroup's nr_tasks_to_freeze, nr_frozen_tasks
+ * and nr_stopped_tasks counters. Revisit cgroup state if necessary.
+ */
+static void cgroup_inc_frozen_cnt(struct cgroup *cgrp, bool to_freeze,
+				  bool frozen, bool stopped)
+{
+	if (!to_freeze && !frozen && !stopped)
+		return;
+	if (to_freeze)
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze++;
+	if (frozen) {
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_tasks++;
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_tasks >
+			     cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze);
+	}
+	if (stopped)
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_stopped_tasks++;
+
+	cgroup_update_frozen(cgrp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decrement cgroup's nr_tasks_to_freeze, nr_frozen_tasks
+ * and nr_stopped_tasks counters. Revisit cgroup state if necessary.
+ */
+static void cgroup_dec_frozen_cnt(struct cgroup *cgrp, bool to_freeze,
+				  bool frozen, bool stopped)
+{
+	if (!to_freeze && !frozen && !stopped)
+		return;
+	if (frozen) {
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_tasks--;
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_tasks < 0);
+	}
+	if (to_freeze) {
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze--;
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze < 0);
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_tasks >
+			     cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze);
+	}
+	if (stopped)
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_stopped_tasks--;
+
+	cgroup_update_frozen(cgrp);
+}
+
+void cgroup_dec_tasks_to_freeze(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+	cgroup_dec_frozen_cnt(cgrp, true, false, false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Entry path into the frozen state.
+ * If the task was not frozen before, counters are updated and the cgroup state
+ * is revisited, if necessary.
+ */
+void cgroup_enter_frozen(void)
+{
+	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+	current->frozen = true;
+	cgroup_inc_frozen_cnt(task_dfl_cgroup(current), false, true, false);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Exit path from the frozen state.
+ * Counters are updated and the cgroup state is revisited, if necessary.
+ */
+void cgroup_leave_frozen(void)
+{
+	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+	cgroup_dec_frozen_cnt(task_dfl_cgroup(current), false, true, false);
+	current->frozen = false;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+}
+
+void cgroup_enter_stopped(void)
+{
+	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+	current->stopped = true;
+	cgroup_inc_frozen_cnt(task_dfl_cgroup(current), false, false, true);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+}
+
+void cgroup_leave_stopped(void)
+{
+	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+	cgroup_dec_frozen_cnt(task_dfl_cgroup(current), false, false, true);
+	current->stopped = false;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Freeze or unfreeze the task by setting or clearing the JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE
+ * jobctl bit.
+ */
+static void cgroup_freeze_task(struct task_struct *task, bool freeze)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	/* If the task is about to die, don't bother with freezing it. */
+	if (!lock_task_sighand(task, &flags))
+		return;
+
+	if (freeze) {
+		task->jobctl |= JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE;
+		signal_wake_up(task, false);
+	} else {
+		task->jobctl &= ~JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE;
+		wake_up_process(task);
+	}
+
+	unlock_task_sighand(task, &flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Freeze or unfreeze all tasks in the given cgroup.
+ */
+static void cgroup_do_freeze(struct cgroup *cgrp, bool freeze)
+{
+	struct css_task_iter it;
+	struct task_struct *task;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+	if (freeze) {
+		cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze = __cgroup_task_count(cgrp);
+		set_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &cgrp->flags);
+	} else {
+		clear_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &cgrp->flags);
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+
+	css_task_iter_start(&cgrp->self, 0, &it);
+	while ((task = css_task_iter_next(&it))) {
+		/*
+		 * Ignore kernel threads here. Freezing cgroups containing
+		 * kthreads isn't supported.
+		 */
+		if (task->flags & PF_KTHREAD)
+			continue;
+		cgroup_freeze_task(task, freeze);
+	}
+	css_task_iter_end(&it);
+
+	/*
+	 * Cgroup state should be revisited here to cover empty leaf cgroups
+	 * and cgroups which descendants are already in the desired state.
+	 */
+	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+	if (cgrp->nr_descendants == cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_descendants)
+		cgroup_update_frozen(cgrp);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
+}
+
+void cgroup_freezer_migrate_task(struct task_struct *task,
+				 struct cgroup *src, struct cgroup *dst)
+{
+	lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Kernel threads are not supposed to be frozen at all.
+	 */
+	if (task->flags & PF_KTHREAD)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Adjust counters of freezing and frozen tasks.
+	 * Note, that if the task is frozen, but the destination cgroup is not
+	 * frozen, we bump both counters to keep them balanced.
+	 */
+	cgroup_dec_frozen_cnt(src, test_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &src->flags),
+			      task->frozen, task->stopped);
+	cgroup_inc_frozen_cnt(dst, test_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &dst->flags) ||
+			      task->frozen, task->frozen, task->stopped);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the task isn't in the desired state, force it to the state.
+	 */
+	if (task->frozen != test_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &dst->flags))
+		cgroup_freeze_task(task, test_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &dst->flags));
+}
+
+void cgroup_freeze(struct cgroup *cgrp, bool freeze)
+{
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
+	struct cgroup *dsct;
+	bool applied = false;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+
+	/*
+	 * Nothing changed? Just exit.
+	 */
+	if (cgrp->freezer.freeze == freeze)
+		return;
+
+	cgrp->freezer.freeze = freeze;
+
+	/*
+	 * Propagate changes downwards the cgroup tree.
+	 */
+	css_for_each_descendant_pre(css, &cgrp->self) {
+		dsct = css->cgroup;
+
+		if (cgroup_is_dead(dsct))
+			continue;
+
+		if (freeze) {
+			dsct->freezer.e_freeze++;
+			/*
+			 * Already frozen because of ancestor's settings?
+			 */
+			if (dsct->freezer.e_freeze > 1)
+				continue;
+		} else {
+			dsct->freezer.e_freeze--;
+			/*
+			 * Still frozen because of ancestor's settings?
+			 */
+			if (dsct->freezer.e_freeze > 0)
+				continue;
+
+			WARN_ON_ONCE(dsct->freezer.e_freeze < 0);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Do change actual state: freeze or unfreeze.
+		 */
+		cgroup_do_freeze(dsct, freeze);
+		applied = true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Even if the actual state hasn't changed, let's notify a user.
+	 * The state can be enforced by an ancestor cgroup: the cgroup
+	 * can already be in the desired state or it can be locked in the
+	 * opposite state, so that the transition will never happen.
+	 * In both cases it's better to notify a user, that there is
+	 * nothing to wait.
+	 */
+	if (!applied)
+		cgroup_file_notify(&cgrp->events_file);
+}
diff --git a/kernel/signal.c b/kernel/signal.c
index 9a32bc2088c9..b2dfb647d842 100644
--- a/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/kernel/signal.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #include <linux/posix-timers.h>
 #include <linux/livepatch.h>
+#include <linux/cgroup.h>
 
 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include <trace/events/signal.h>
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ static inline bool has_pending_signals(sigset_t *signal, sigset_t *blocked)
 
 static bool recalc_sigpending_tsk(struct task_struct *t)
 {
-	if ((t->jobctl & JOBCTL_PENDING_MASK) ||
+	if ((t->jobctl & (JOBCTL_PENDING_MASK | JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE)) ||
 	    PENDING(&t->pending, &t->blocked) ||
 	    PENDING(&t->signal->shared_pending, &t->blocked)) {
 		set_tsk_thread_flag(t, TIF_SIGPENDING);
@@ -2065,7 +2066,9 @@ static void ptrace_stop(int exit_code, int why, int clear_code, kernel_siginfo_t
 		preempt_disable();
 		read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
 		preempt_enable_no_resched();
+		cgroup_enter_stopped();
 		freezable_schedule();
+		cgroup_leave_stopped();
 	} else {
 		/*
 		 * By the time we got the lock, our tracer went away.
@@ -2243,7 +2246,9 @@ static bool do_signal_stop(int signr)
 		}
 
 		/* Now we don't run again until woken by SIGCONT or SIGKILL */
+		cgroup_enter_stopped();
 		freezable_schedule();
+		cgroup_leave_stopped();
 		return true;
 	} else {
 		/*
@@ -2266,6 +2271,9 @@ static bool do_signal_stop(int signr)
  * When !PT_SEIZED, it's used only for group stop trap with stop signal
  * number as exit_code and no siginfo.
  *
+ * When used with JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE, it puts the task into an interruptible
+ * sleep if only no fatal signals are pending.
+ *
  * CONTEXT:
  * Must be called with @current->sighand->siglock held, which may be
  * released and re-acquired before returning with intervening sleep.
@@ -2280,7 +2288,8 @@ static void do_jobctl_trap(void)
 		    !(signal->flags & SIGNAL_STOP_STOPPED))
 			signr = SIGTRAP;
 		WARN_ON_ONCE(!signr);
-		ptrace_do_notify(signr, signr | (PTRACE_EVENT_STOP << 8),
+		ptrace_do_notify(signr,
+				 signr | (PTRACE_EVENT_STOP << 8),
 				 CLD_STOPPED);
 	} else {
 		WARN_ON_ONCE(!signr);
@@ -2289,6 +2298,65 @@ static void do_jobctl_trap(void)
 	}
 }
 
+/**
+ * do_freezer_trap - handle the freezer jobctl trap
+ *
+ * Puts the task into frozen state, if only the task is not about to quit.
+ * In this case it drops JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE.
+ *
+ * CONTEXT:
+ * Must be called with @current->sighand->siglock held,
+ * which is always released before returning.
+ */
+static void do_freezer_trap(void)
+	__releases(&current->sighand->siglock)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If a fatal signal is pending, there is no way back for the process,
+	 * so let it escape from the freezer trap and exit.
+	 * If the task has been frozen, cgroup_leave_frozen() will be invoked
+	 * to update the cgroup state, if necessary.
+	 */
+	if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
+		current->jobctl &= ~JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE;
+		spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If task hasn't been marked frozen before, let's mark it as frozen,
+	 * and revisit the cgroup state. From this point the task is considered
+	 * frozen until it will reach cgroup_leave_frozen().
+	 */
+	if (!(cgroup_task_frozen(current))) {
+		spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
+		cgroup_enter_frozen();
+		spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If there are other trap bits pending except JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE,
+	 * let's make another loop to give it a chance to be handled.
+	 * In any case, we'll return to do_freezer_trap().
+	 */
+	if (((current->jobctl & (JOBCTL_PENDING_MASK | JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE)) !=
+	     JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE) || fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
+		spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now we're sure that there is no pending fatal signal and no
+	 * pending traps. Clear TIF_SIGPENDING to not get out of schedule()
+	 * immediately (if there is a non-fatal signal pending), and
+	 * put the task into sleep.
+	 */
+	__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+	clear_thread_flag(TIF_SIGPENDING);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
+	freezable_schedule();
+}
+
 static int ptrace_signal(int signr, kernel_siginfo_t *info)
 {
 	/*
@@ -2401,12 +2469,27 @@ bool get_signal(struct ksignal *ksig)
 		    do_signal_stop(0))
 			goto relock;
 
-		if (unlikely(current->jobctl & JOBCTL_TRAP_MASK)) {
-			do_jobctl_trap();
-			spin_unlock_irq(&sighand->siglock);
+		if (unlikely(current->jobctl &
+			     (JOBCTL_TRAP_MASK | JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE))) {
+			if (current->jobctl & JOBCTL_TRAP_MASK) {
+				do_jobctl_trap();
+				spin_unlock_irq(&sighand->siglock);
+			} else if (current->jobctl & JOBCTL_TRAP_FREEZE)
+				do_freezer_trap();
+
 			goto relock;
 		}
 
+		/*
+		 * If the task is leaving the frozen state, let's update
+		 * cgroup counters and reset the frozen bit.
+		 */
+		if (unlikely(cgroup_task_frozen(current))) {
+			spin_unlock_irq(&sighand->siglock);
+			cgroup_leave_frozen();
+			spin_lock_irq(&sighand->siglock);
+		}
+
 		signr = dequeue_signal(current, &current->blocked, &ksig->info);
 
 		if (!signr)
-- 
2.19.2

Re: [PATCH v6 4/7] cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer

[Oleg Nesterov]

Sorry, this version raced with my vacation, I missed it.

I'll try to read this code carefully but after a quick glance I have some
concerns,

On 12/21, Roman Gushchin wrote:
>
> +static void cgroup_update_frozen(struct cgroup *cgrp)
> +{
> +	bool frozen;
> +
> +	lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_lock);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * If the cgroup has to be frozen (CGRP_FREEZE bit set),
> +	 * and all tasks are frozen or stopped, let's consider
> +	 * the cgroup frozen. Otherwise it's not frozen.
> +	 */
> +	frozen = test_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &cgrp->flags) &&
> +		cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_tasks +
> +		cgrp->freezer.nr_stopped_tasks ==
> +		cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze;

OK. Suppose that cgroup is frozen, CGRP_FROZEN is set, stopped == 0,
to_freeze = frozen.

One of the task is killed, it calls leave_frozen(). If I read this code path
correctly, only ->nr_frozen_tasks will be decremented, so "frozen" will be
"false" when cgroup_update_frozen() is called.

Doesn't this mean that this cgroup will no longer be CGRP_FROZEN even after
the killed task goes away completely?


Or. Suppose that another process picks a task from the CGRP_FROZEN cgroup and
does PTRACE_ATTACH + PTRACE_INTERRUPT. IIUC, the tracee will only increment
->nr_stopped_tasks, it won't touch other counters. Again, cgroup won't be FROZEN
until PTRACE_CONT'ed tracee does cgroup_leave_stopped() ? This looks strange at
least.



SIGSTOP. IIUC, a frozen task sleeping in do_freezer_trap() won't stop. However if
another thread has already called do_signal_stop(), the woken frozen task will
react to JOBCTL_STOP_PENDING and stop. And do_signal_stop()->cgroup_enter_stopped()
will "destroy" CGRP_FROZEN too, or I am totally confused.

OTOH, if you freeze a TASK_STOPPED task's cgroup, this task can react to SIGCONT,
notify its parent, then freeze again. This is fine, but iiuc this cgroup won't be
FROZEN in between, cgroup_file_notify() will be called twice...

Oleg.

Re: [PATCH v6 4/7] cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer

[Oleg Nesterov]

On 01/25, Oleg Nesterov wrote:
>
> One of the task is killed, it calls leave_frozen(). If I read this code path
> correctly, only ->nr_frozen_tasks will be decremented, so "frozen" will be
> "false" when cgroup_update_frozen() is called.

forgot to mention...

and I do not think cgroup_exit() can "fix" this, see another email I sent a minute
ago...

Oleg.

Re: [PATCH v6 4/7] cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer

[Roman Gushchin]

Hi Oleg!

Thank you for looking into the patchset!

Yes, I think you're right: cgroup_exit() should check CGRP_FREEZE bit,
not CGRP_FROZEN. Like cgroup_post_fork() does (a one-liner change below).

About spurious transitions (like frozen->non frozen->frozen on a task
being SIGKILLed):
in early versions of the patchset I've tried to avoid them, but then
following the Tejun's advice
switched over to expose them to a user. The logic behind is simple: if
the state of the cgroup has been changed (a task is gone, for
example), let's notify a user.

nr_tasks_to_freeze is simple a number of non-kthead tasks in the
cgroup, which we do
keep actual only for freezing cgroups (to avoid an unnecessary overhead).

Thanks!

--

diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
index 3e6a7c19bfaf..08c84d2145eb 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c
@@ -5832,7 +5832,7 @@ void cgroup_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
                css_set_move_task(tsk, cset, NULL, false);
                cset->nr_tasks--;

-               if (unlikely(test_bit(CGRP_FROZEN, &cset->dfl_cgrp->flags))) {
+               if (unlikely(cgroup_task_freeze(tsk))) {
                        /*
                         * Task frozen bit should be cleared at this moment,
                         * and nr_frozen_task should be decreased.

пт, 25 янв. 2019 г. в 04:27, Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>:
>
> Sorry, this version raced with my vacation, I missed it.
>
> I'll try to read this code carefully but after a quick glance I have some
> concerns,
>
> On 12/21, Roman Gushchin wrote:
> >
> > +static void cgroup_update_frozen(struct cgroup *cgrp)
> > +{
> > +     bool frozen;
> > +
> > +     lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_lock);
> > +
> > +     /*
> > +      * If the cgroup has to be frozen (CGRP_FREEZE bit set),
> > +      * and all tasks are frozen or stopped, let's consider
> > +      * the cgroup frozen. Otherwise it's not frozen.
> > +      */
> > +     frozen = test_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &cgrp->flags) &&
> > +             cgrp->freezer.nr_frozen_tasks +
> > +             cgrp->freezer.nr_stopped_tasks ==
> > +             cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze;
>
> OK. Suppose that cgroup is frozen, CGRP_FROZEN is set, stopped == 0,
> to_freeze = frozen.
>
> One of the task is killed, it calls leave_frozen(). If I read this code path
> correctly, only ->nr_frozen_tasks will be decremented, so "frozen" will be
> "false" when cgroup_update_frozen() is called.
>
> Doesn't this mean that this cgroup will no longer be CGRP_FROZEN even after
> the killed task goes away completely?
>
>
> Or. Suppose that another process picks a task from the CGRP_FROZEN cgroup and
> does PTRACE_ATTACH + PTRACE_INTERRUPT. IIUC, the tracee will only increment
> ->nr_stopped_tasks, it won't touch other counters. Again, cgroup won't be FROZEN
> until PTRACE_CONT'ed tracee does cgroup_leave_stopped() ? This looks strange at
> least.
>
>
>
> SIGSTOP. IIUC, a frozen task sleeping in do_freezer_trap() won't stop. However if
> another thread has already called do_signal_stop(), the woken frozen task will
> react to JOBCTL_STOP_PENDING and stop. And do_signal_stop()->cgroup_enter_stopped()
> will "destroy" CGRP_FROZEN too, or I am totally confused.
>
> OTOH, if you freeze a TASK_STOPPED task's cgroup, this task can react to SIGCONT,
> notify its parent, then freeze again. This is fine, but iiuc this cgroup won't be
> FROZEN in between, cgroup_file_notify() will be called twice...
>
> Oleg.
>

Re: [PATCH v6 4/7] cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer

[Oleg Nesterov]

Hi Roman,

On 01/28, Roman Gushchin wrote:
>
> Yes, I think you're right: cgroup_exit() should check CGRP_FREEZE bit,
> not CGRP_FROZEN. Like cgroup_post_fork() does (a one-liner change below).

but this won't fix all problems? it seems that you missed my other concerns.

Firstly, this doesn't look consistent. Suppose a cgroup contains a single
process sleeping in ptrace_stop(). Then it becomes CGRP_FROZEN right after
"echo 1 > cgroup.freeze".

OTOH. if this single task sleeps in do_freezer_trap() and gets PTRACE_INTERRUPT,
it will equally sleep ptrace_stop() but cgroup won't be CGRP_FROZEN. Never.

Worse, this looks just wrong. In the latter case, cgroup becomes CGRP_FROZEN
right after a 2nd task migrates to this cgroup, before this new task calls
do_freezer_trap() or cgroup_enter_stopped().



> About spurious transitions (like frozen->non frozen->frozen on a task
> being SIGKILLed):
> in early versions of the patchset I've tried to avoid them, but then
> following the Tejun's advice
> switched over to expose them to a user. The logic behind is simple: if
> the state of the cgroup has been changed (a task is gone, for
> example), let's notify a user.

OK, I won't argue...

actually I can't argue because I do not really understand why do we want
a "killable" freezer, let alone ptraceable ;)

Oleg.

Re: [PATCH v6 4/7] cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer

[Roman Gushchin]

On Wed, Jan 30, 2019 at 05:52:01PM +0100, Oleg Nesterov wrote:
> Hi Roman,
> 
> On 01/28, Roman Gushchin wrote:
> >
> > Yes, I think you're right: cgroup_exit() should check CGRP_FREEZE bit,
> > not CGRP_FROZEN. Like cgroup_post_fork() does (a one-liner change below).

Hi Oleg!

Sorry for the late reply, I was out of work for some time...
Now I'm fully back.

> 
> but this won't fix all problems? it seems that you missed my other concerns.
> 
> Firstly, this doesn't look consistent. Suppose a cgroup contains a single
> process sleeping in ptrace_stop(). Then it becomes CGRP_FROZEN right after
> "echo 1 > cgroup.freeze".
> 
> OTOH. if this single task sleeps in do_freezer_trap() and gets PTRACE_INTERRUPT,
> it will equally sleep ptrace_stop() but cgroup won't be CGRP_FROZEN. Never.
> 
> Worse, this looks just wrong. In the latter case, cgroup becomes CGRP_FROZEN
> right after a 2nd task migrates to this cgroup, before this new task calls
> do_freezer_trap() or cgroup_enter_stopped().

You're right. So, it looks like the problem is in the equation
nr_tasks_frozen + nr_tasks_stopped == nr_tasks_to_freeze ,
because a task can be frozen and stopped simultaneously.

So, basically it has to be
nr_tasks_frozen + nr_tasks_stopped >= nr_tasks_to_freeze instead.

I'll cover it with an unit test, and will post v7 soon.

> 
> 
> 
> > About spurious transitions (like frozen->non frozen->frozen on a task
> > being SIGKILLed):
> > in early versions of the patchset I've tried to avoid them, but then
> > following the Tejun's advice
> > switched over to expose them to a user. The logic behind is simple: if
> > the state of the cgroup has been changed (a task is gone, for
> > example), let's notify a user.
> 
> OK, I won't argue...
> 
> actually I can't argue because I do not really understand why do we want
> a "killable" freezer, let alone ptraceable ;)

So the problem with the frozen state as in cgroup v1 that it's a very
special and "non-natural" task state, which requires special handling
in many places.

Just for an example, we're using oomd (userspace OOM handling daemon),
which selects and kills one of the workloads in case of too high memory
pressure. It should be able to kill all tasks in the selected cgroup,
but we definitely don't want to let it to fiddle with cgroup controls
to unfreeze the cgroup. Etc.

In other words, the cgroup freezer has a simple task of preventing
processes in the given cgroup to consume CPU resources. Unlike the system-wide
freezer, it shouldn't try to make a "snapshot", it just a non-goal.

Thanks!

Re: [PATCH v6 4/7] cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer

[Oleg Nesterov]

On 02/11, Roman Gushchin wrote:
>
> On Wed, Jan 30, 2019 at 05:52:01PM +0100, Oleg Nesterov wrote:
> >
> > Worse, this looks just wrong. In the latter case, cgroup becomes CGRP_FROZEN
> > right after a 2nd task migrates to this cgroup, before this new task calls
> > do_freezer_trap() or cgroup_enter_stopped().
>
> You're right. So, it looks like the problem is in the equation
> nr_tasks_frozen + nr_tasks_stopped == nr_tasks_to_freeze ,
> because a task can be frozen and stopped simultaneously.
>
> So, basically it has to be
> nr_tasks_frozen + nr_tasks_stopped >= nr_tasks_to_freeze instead.

It seems you didn't read the paragraph above, or I missed something...

How can "frozen + stopped >= to_freeze" fix the problem with the falsely true
CGRP_FROZEN ?

Oleg.

Re: [PATCH v6 4/7] cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer

[Roman Gushchin]

On Thu, Feb 14, 2019 at 05:26:13PM +0100, Oleg Nesterov wrote:
> On 02/11, Roman Gushchin wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Jan 30, 2019 at 05:52:01PM +0100, Oleg Nesterov wrote:
> > >
> > > Worse, this looks just wrong. In the latter case, cgroup becomes CGRP_FROZEN
> > > right after a 2nd task migrates to this cgroup, before this new task calls
> > > do_freezer_trap() or cgroup_enter_stopped().
> >
> > You're right. So, it looks like the problem is in the equation
> > nr_tasks_frozen + nr_tasks_stopped == nr_tasks_to_freeze ,
> > because a task can be frozen and stopped simultaneously.
> >
> > So, basically it has to be
> > nr_tasks_frozen + nr_tasks_stopped >= nr_tasks_to_freeze instead.
> 
> It seems you didn't read the paragraph above, or I missed something...
> 
> How can "frozen + stopped >= to_freeze" fix the problem with the falsely true
> CGRP_FROZEN ?

It helps with the problem when cgroup is mistakenly reported as non-frozen,
and adding a task makes it frozen due to increased nr_tasks_to_freeze.

But you're right, it's not correct. I have to think more how to make
the accounting work correctly with stopped tasks.

Roman

Re: [PATCH v6 4/7] cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer

[Oleg Nesterov]

On 12/21, Roman Gushchin wrote:
>
> +static void cgroup_do_freeze(struct cgroup *cgrp, bool freeze)
> +{
> +	struct css_task_iter it;
> +	struct task_struct *task;
> +
> +	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
> +
> +	spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
> +	if (freeze) {
> +		cgrp->freezer.nr_tasks_to_freeze = __cgroup_task_count(cgrp);
> +		set_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &cgrp->flags);
> +	} else {
> +		clear_bit(CGRP_FREEZE, &cgrp->flags);
> +	}
> +	spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
> +
> +	css_task_iter_start(&cgrp->self, 0, &it);
> +	while ((task = css_task_iter_next(&it))) {
> +		/*
> +		 * Ignore kernel threads here. Freezing cgroups containing
> +		 * kthreads isn't supported.
> +		 */
> +		if (task->flags & PF_KTHREAD)
> +			continue;
> +		cgroup_freeze_task(task, freeze);
> +	}
> +	css_task_iter_end(&it);

I don't understand why this can race with exiting task. Or with SIGKILL which
kills a task before it sets current->frozen.

How can we trust nr_tasks_to_freeze at all?

Yes you added cgroup_dec_tasks_to_freeze() into cgroup_exit(). But it won't be
called if CGRP_FROZEN was not set yet, or because of "spurious" transitions
caused by cgroup_inc/dec_frozen_cnt() called by this or other tasks.

it seems that cgroup_exit() should check CGRP_FREEZE instead...

Oleg.

[PATCH v6 5/7] kselftests: cgroup: don't fail on cg_kill_all() error in cg_destroy()

[Roman Gushchin]

If the cgroup destruction races with an exit() of a belonging
process(es), cg_kill_all() may fail. It's not a good reason to make
cg_destroy() fail and leave the cgroup in place, potentially causing
next test runs to fail.

Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org
---
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c
index 14c9fe284806..eba06f94433b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c
@@ -227,9 +227,7 @@ int cg_destroy(const char *cgroup)
 retry:
 	ret = rmdir(cgroup);
 	if (ret && errno == EBUSY) {
-		ret = cg_killall(cgroup);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
+		cg_killall(cgroup);
 		usleep(100);
 		goto retry;
 	}
-- 
2.19.2

[PATCH v6 6/7] kselftests: cgroup: add freezer controller self-tests

[Roman Gushchin]

This patch implements 8 tests for the freezer controller for
cgroup v2:
1) a simple test, which aims to freeze and unfreeze a cgroup with 100
processes
2) a more complicated tree test, which creates a hierarchy of cgroups,
puts some processes in some cgroups, and tries to freeze and unfreeze
different parts of the subtree
3) a forkbomb test: the test aims to freeze a forkbomb running in a
cgroup, kill all tasks in the cgroup and remove the cgroup without
the unfreezing.
4) rmdir test: the test creates two nested cgroups, freezes the parent
one, checks that the child can be successfully removed, and a new
child can be created
5) migration tests: the test checks migration of a task between
frozen cgroups: from a frozen to a running, from a running to a
frozen, and from a frozen to a frozen.
6) ptrace test: the test checks that it's possible to attach to
a process in a frozen cgroup, get some information and detach, and
the cgroup will remain frozen.
7) stopped test: the test checks that it's possible to freeze a cgroup
with a stopped task
8) ptraced test: the test checks that it's possible to freeze a cgroup
with a ptraced task

Expected output:

  $ ./test_freezer
  ok 1 test_cgfreezer_simple
  ok 2 test_cgfreezer_tree
  ok 3 test_cgfreezer_forkbomb
  ok 4 test_cgrreezer_rmdir
  ok 5 test_cgfreezer_migrate
  ok 6 test_cgfreezer_ptrace
  ok 7 test_cgfreezer_stopped
  ok 8 test_cgfreezer_ptraced

Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org
---
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/.gitignore     |   1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/Makefile       |   2 +
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c  |  81 +-
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.h  |   7 +
 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_freezer.c | 821 ++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 911 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_freezer.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/.gitignore
index adacda50a4b2..7f9835624793 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/.gitignore
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 test_memcontrol
 test_core
+test_freezer
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/Makefile
index 23fbaa4a9630..8d369b6a2069 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/Makefile
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ all:
 
 TEST_GEN_PROGS = test_memcontrol
 TEST_GEN_PROGS += test_core
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += test_freezer
 
 include ../lib.mk
 
 $(OUTPUT)/test_memcontrol: cgroup_util.c
 $(OUTPUT)/test_core: cgroup_util.c
+$(OUTPUT)/test_freezer: cgroup_util.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c
index eba06f94433b..e9cdad673901 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.c
@@ -74,6 +74,16 @@ char *cg_name_indexed(const char *root, const char *name, int index)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+char *cg_control(const char *cgroup, const char *control)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(cgroup) + strlen(control) + 2;
+	char *ret = malloc(len);
+
+	snprintf(ret, len, "%s/%s", cgroup, control);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int cg_read(const char *cgroup, const char *control, char *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
@@ -196,7 +206,59 @@ int cg_create(const char *cgroup)
 	return mkdir(cgroup, 0644);
 }
 
-static int cg_killall(const char *cgroup)
+int cg_for_all_procs(const char *cgroup, int (*fn)(int pid, void *arg),
+		     void *arg)
+{
+	char buf[PAGE_SIZE];
+	char *ptr = buf;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (cg_read(cgroup, "cgroup.procs", buf, sizeof(buf)))
+		return -1;
+
+	while (ptr < buf + sizeof(buf)) {
+		int pid = strtol(ptr, &ptr, 10);
+
+		if (pid == 0)
+			break;
+		if (*ptr)
+			ptr++;
+		else
+			break;
+		ret = fn(pid, arg);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_wait_for_proc_count(const char *cgroup, int count)
+{
+	char buf[10 * PAGE_SIZE] = {0};
+	int attempts;
+	char *ptr;
+
+	for (attempts = 10; attempts >= 0; attempts--) {
+		int nr = 0;
+
+		if (cg_read(cgroup, "cgroup.procs", buf, sizeof(buf)))
+			break;
+
+		for (ptr = buf; *ptr; ptr++)
+			if (*ptr == '\n')
+				nr++;
+
+		if (nr >= count)
+			return 0;
+
+		usleep(100000);
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+int cg_killall(const char *cgroup)
 {
 	char buf[PAGE_SIZE];
 	char *ptr = buf;
@@ -238,6 +300,14 @@ int cg_destroy(const char *cgroup)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int cg_enter(const char *cgroup, int pid)
+{
+	char pidbuf[64];
+
+	snprintf(pidbuf, sizeof(pidbuf), "%d", pid);
+	return cg_write(cgroup, "cgroup.procs", pidbuf);
+}
+
 int cg_enter_current(const char *cgroup)
 {
 	char pidbuf[64];
@@ -367,3 +437,12 @@ int set_oom_adj_score(int pid, int score)
 	close(fd);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+char proc_read_text(int pid, const char *item, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/%s", pid, item);
+
+	return read_text(path, buf, size);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.h
index 9ac8b7958f83..8ee63c00a668 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/cgroup_util.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ static inline int values_close(long a, long b, int err)
 extern int cg_find_unified_root(char *root, size_t len);
 extern char *cg_name(const char *root, const char *name);
 extern char *cg_name_indexed(const char *root, const char *name, int index);
+extern char *cg_control(const char *cgroup, const char *control);
 extern int cg_create(const char *cgroup);
 extern int cg_destroy(const char *cgroup);
 extern int cg_read(const char *cgroup, const char *control,
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ extern int cg_write(const char *cgroup, const char *control, char *buf);
 extern int cg_run(const char *cgroup,
 		  int (*fn)(const char *cgroup, void *arg),
 		  void *arg);
+extern int cg_enter(const char *cgroup, int pid);
 extern int cg_enter_current(const char *cgroup);
 extern int cg_run_nowait(const char *cgroup,
 			 int (*fn)(const char *cgroup, void *arg),
@@ -41,3 +43,8 @@ extern int alloc_pagecache(int fd, size_t size);
 extern int alloc_anon(const char *cgroup, void *arg);
 extern int is_swap_enabled(void);
 extern int set_oom_adj_score(int pid, int score);
+extern int cg_for_all_procs(const char *cgroup, int (*fn)(int pid, void *arg),
+			    void *arg);
+extern int cg_wait_for_proc_count(const char *cgroup, int count);
+extern int cg_killall(const char *cgroup);
+extern char proc_read_text(int pid, const char *item, char *buf, size_t size);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_freezer.c b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_freezer.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4fcec4f04af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_freezer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,821 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <linux/limits.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+#include "../kselftest.h"
+#include "cgroup_util.h"
+
+#define DEBUG
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define debug(args...) fprintf(stderr, args)
+#else
+#define debug(args...)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Freeze the given cgroup and wait for the inotify signal.
+ * If there is no signal in 10 seconds, treat this as an error.
+ */
+static int cg_freeze_wait(const char *cgroup, bool freeze)
+{
+	int fd, wd;
+	struct pollfd fds;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	fd = inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		return fd;
+
+	wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, cg_control(cgroup, "cgroup.events"),
+			       IN_MODIFY);
+	if (wd == -1) {
+		close(fd);
+		return wd;
+	}
+	fds.fd = fd;
+	fds.events = POLLIN;
+
+	ret = cg_write(cgroup, "cgroup.freeze", freeze ? "1" : "0");
+	if (ret) {
+		close(fd);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	while (true) {
+		wd = poll(&fds, 1, 10000);
+
+		if (wd == -1 && errno == EINTR)
+			continue;
+
+		if (wd == 1 && fds.revents & POLLIN)
+			ret = 0;
+
+		break;
+	}
+
+	close(fd);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the process is frozen and parked in a proper place.
+ */
+static int proc_check_frozen(int pid, void *arg)
+{
+	char buf[PAGE_SIZE];
+	int len;
+
+	len = proc_read_text(pid, "stat", buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (len == -1) {
+		debug("Can't get %d stat\n", pid);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (strstr(buf, "(test_freezer) S ") == NULL) {
+		debug("Process %d in the unexpected state: %s\n", pid, buf);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	len = proc_read_text(pid, "stack", buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (len == -1) {
+		debug("Can't get stack of the process %d\n", pid);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (strstr(buf, "[<0>] get_signal") != buf) {
+		debug("Process %d has unexpected stacktrace: %s\n", pid, buf);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the cgroup is frozen and all belonging processes are
+ * parked in a proper place.
+ */
+static int cg_check_frozen(const char *cgroup, bool frozen)
+{
+	if (frozen) {
+		/*
+		 * Check the cgroup.events::frozen value.
+		 */
+		if (cg_read_strstr(cgroup, "cgroup.events", "frozen 1") != 0) {
+			debug("Cgroup %s isn't unexpectedly frozen\n", cgroup);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Check that all processes are parked in the proper place.
+		 */
+		if (cg_for_all_procs(cgroup, proc_check_frozen, NULL)) {
+			debug("Some processes of cgroup %s are not frozen\n",
+			      cgroup);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Check the cgroup.events::frozen value.
+		 */
+		if (cg_read_strstr(cgroup, "cgroup.events", "frozen 0") != 0) {
+			debug("Cgroup %s is unexpectedly frozen\n", cgroup);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A simple process running in a sleep loop until being
+ * re-parented.
+ */
+static int child_fn(const char *cgroup, void *arg)
+{
+	int ppid = getppid();
+
+	while (getppid() == ppid)
+		usleep(1000);
+
+	return getppid() == ppid;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A simple test for the cgroup freezer: populated the cgroup with 100
+ * running processes and freeze it. Then unfreeze it. Then it kills all
+ * processes and destroys the cgroup.
+ */
+static int test_cgfreezer_simple(const char *root)
+{
+	int ret = KSFT_FAIL;
+	char *cgroup = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	cgroup = cg_name(root, "cg_test");
+	if (!cgroup)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(cgroup))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+		cg_run_nowait(cgroup, child_fn, NULL);
+
+	if (cg_wait_for_proc_count(cgroup, 100))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup, false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup, false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup, false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ret = KSFT_PASS;
+
+cleanup:
+	if (cgroup)
+		cg_destroy(cgroup);
+	free(cgroup);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The test creates the following hierarchy:
+ *       A
+ *    / / \ \
+ *   B  E  I K
+ *  /\  |
+ * C  D F
+ *      |
+ *      G
+ *      |
+ *      H
+ *
+ * with a process in C, H and 3 processes in K.
+ * Then it tries to freeze and unfreeze the whole tree.
+ */
+static int test_cgfreezer_tree(const char *root)
+{
+	char *cgroup[10] = {0};
+	int ret = KSFT_FAIL;
+	int i;
+
+	cgroup[0] = cg_name(root, "cg_test_A");
+	if (!cgroup[0])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[1] = cg_name(cgroup[0], "cg_test_B");
+	if (!cgroup[1])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[2] = cg_name(cgroup[1], "cg_test_C");
+	if (!cgroup[2])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[3] = cg_name(cgroup[1], "cg_test_D");
+	if (!cgroup[3])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[4] = cg_name(cgroup[0], "cg_test_E");
+	if (!cgroup[4])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[5] = cg_name(cgroup[4], "cg_test_F");
+	if (!cgroup[5])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[6] = cg_name(cgroup[5], "cg_test_G");
+	if (!cgroup[6])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[7] = cg_name(cgroup[6], "cg_test_H");
+	if (!cgroup[7])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[8] = cg_name(cgroup[0], "cg_test_I");
+	if (!cgroup[8])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[9] = cg_name(cgroup[0], "cg_test_K");
+	if (!cgroup[9])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+		if (cg_create(cgroup[i]))
+			goto cleanup;
+
+	cg_run_nowait(cgroup[2], child_fn, NULL);
+	cg_run_nowait(cgroup[7], child_fn, NULL);
+	cg_run_nowait(cgroup[9], child_fn, NULL);
+	cg_run_nowait(cgroup[9], child_fn, NULL);
+	cg_run_nowait(cgroup[9], child_fn, NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * Wait until all child processes will enter
+	 * corresponding cgroups.
+	 */
+
+	if (cg_wait_for_proc_count(cgroup[2], 1) ||
+	    cg_wait_for_proc_count(cgroup[7], 1) ||
+	    cg_wait_for_proc_count(cgroup[9], 3))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Freeze B.
+	 */
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[1], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[1], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Freeze F.
+	 */
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[5], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[5], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Freeze G.
+	 */
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[6], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[6], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that A and E are not frozen.
+	 */
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[0], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[4], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Freeze A. Check that A, B and E are frozen.
+	 */
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[0], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[0], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[1], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[4], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Unfreeze B, F and G
+	 */
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[1], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[5], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[6], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that C and H are still frozen.
+	 */
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[2], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[7], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Unfreezing A failed. Check that A, C and K are not frozen.
+	 */
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[0], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[0], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[2], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[9], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ret = KSFT_PASS;
+
+cleanup:
+	for (i = 9; i >= 0 && cgroup[i]; i--) {
+		cg_destroy(cgroup[i]);
+		free(cgroup[i]);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A fork bomb emulator.
+ */
+static int forkbomb_fn(const char *cgroup, void *arg)
+{
+	int ppid;
+
+	fork();
+	fork();
+
+	ppid = getppid();
+
+	while (getppid() == ppid)
+		usleep(1000);
+
+	return getppid() == ppid;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The test runs a fork bomb in a cgroup and tries to freeze it.
+ * Then it kills all processes and checks that cgroup isn't populated
+ * anymore.
+ */
+static int test_cgfreezer_forkbomb(const char *root)
+{
+	int ret = KSFT_FAIL;
+	char *cgroup = NULL;
+
+	cgroup = cg_name(root, "cg_forkbomb_test");
+	if (!cgroup)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(cgroup))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cg_run_nowait(cgroup, forkbomb_fn, NULL);
+
+	usleep(100000);
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_killall(cgroup))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_wait_for_proc_count(cgroup, 0))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ret = KSFT_PASS;
+
+cleanup:
+	if (cgroup)
+		cg_destroy(cgroup);
+	free(cgroup);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The test creates two nested cgroups, freezes the parent
+ * and removes the child. Then it checks that the parent cgroup
+ * remains frozen and it's possible to create a new child
+ * without unfreezing. The new child is frozen too.
+ */
+static int test_cgfreezer_rmdir(const char *root)
+{
+	int ret = KSFT_FAIL;
+	char *parent, *child = NULL;
+
+	parent = cg_name(root, "cg_test_A");
+	if (!parent)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	child = cg_name(parent, "cg_test_B");
+	if (!child)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(parent))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(child))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(parent, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(parent, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_destroy(child))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(parent, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(child))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(child, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ret = KSFT_PASS;
+
+cleanup:
+	if (child)
+		cg_destroy(child);
+	free(child);
+	if (parent)
+		cg_destroy(parent);
+	free(parent);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The test creates two cgroups: A and B. The it runs a process in A,
+ * and performs several migrations:
+ * 1) A (running) -> B (frozen)
+ * 2) B (frozen) -> A (running)
+ * 3) A (frozen) -> B (frozen)
+ *
+ * One each step it checks that the actual state of cgroups matches
+ * the expected state.
+ */
+static int test_cgfreezer_migrate(const char *root)
+{
+	int ret = KSFT_FAIL;
+	char *cgroup[2] = {0};
+	int pid;
+
+	cgroup[0] = cg_name(root, "cg_test_A");
+	if (!cgroup[0])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	cgroup[1] = cg_name(root, "cg_test_B");
+	if (!cgroup[1])
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(cgroup[0]))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(cgroup[1]))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid = cg_run_nowait(cgroup[0], child_fn, NULL);
+	if (pid < 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_wait_for_proc_count(cgroup[0], 1))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Migrate from A (running) to B (frozen)
+	 */
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[1], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[1], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_enter(cgroup[1], pid))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[0], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[1], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Migrate from B (frozen) to A (running)
+	 */
+	if (cg_enter(cgroup[0], pid))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[0], false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[1], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Migrate from A (frozen) to B (frozen)
+	 */
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup[0], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[0], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_enter(cgroup[1], pid))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[0], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup[1], true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ret = KSFT_PASS;
+
+cleanup:
+	if (cgroup[0])
+		cg_destroy(cgroup[0]);
+	free(cgroup[0]);
+	if (cgroup[1])
+		cg_destroy(cgroup[1]);
+	free(cgroup[1]);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The test checks that ptrace works with a tracing process in a frozen cgroup.
+ */
+static int test_cgfreezer_ptrace(const char *root)
+{
+	int ret = KSFT_FAIL;
+	char *cgroup = NULL;
+	siginfo_t siginfo;
+	int pid;
+
+	cgroup = cg_name(root, "cg_test");
+	if (!cgroup)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(cgroup))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid = cg_run_nowait(cgroup, child_fn, NULL);
+	if (pid < 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_wait_for_proc_count(cgroup, 1))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, NULL, NULL))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (ptrace(PTRACE_INTERRUPT, pid, NULL, NULL))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, NULL, &siginfo))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, NULL, NULL))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ret = KSFT_PASS;
+
+cleanup:
+	if (cgroup)
+		cg_destroy(cgroup);
+	free(cgroup);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the process is stopped.
+ */
+static int proc_check_stopped(int pid)
+{
+	char buf[PAGE_SIZE];
+	int len;
+
+	len = proc_read_text(pid, "stat", buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (len == -1) {
+		debug("Can't get %d stat\n", pid);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (strstr(buf, "(test_freezer) T ") == NULL) {
+		debug("Process %d in the unexpected state: %s\n", pid, buf);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that it's possible to freeze a cgroup with a stopped process.
+ */
+static int test_cgfreezer_stopped(const char *root)
+{
+	int pid, ret = KSFT_FAIL;
+	char *cgroup = NULL;
+
+	cgroup = cg_name(root, "cg_test");
+	if (!cgroup)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(cgroup))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid = cg_run_nowait(cgroup, child_fn, NULL);
+
+	if (cg_wait_for_proc_count(cgroup, 1))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (kill(pid, SIGSTOP))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup, false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * cg_check_frozen(cgroup, true) will fail here,
+	 * because the task in in the STOPped state.
+	 */
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup, false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup, false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (proc_check_stopped(pid))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ret = KSFT_PASS;
+
+cleanup:
+	if (cgroup)
+		cg_destroy(cgroup);
+	free(cgroup);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that it's possible to freeze a cgroup with a ptraced process.
+ */
+static int test_cgfreezer_ptraced(const char *root)
+{
+	int pid, ret = KSFT_FAIL;
+	char *cgroup = NULL;
+	siginfo_t siginfo;
+
+	cgroup = cg_name(root, "cg_test");
+	if (!cgroup)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_create(cgroup))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid = cg_run_nowait(cgroup, child_fn, NULL);
+
+	if (cg_wait_for_proc_count(cgroup, 1))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, NULL, NULL))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (ptrace(PTRACE_INTERRUPT, pid, NULL, NULL))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup, false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup, true))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * cg_check_frozen(cgroup, true) will fail here,
+	 * because the task in in the TRACEd state.
+	 */
+	if (cg_freeze_wait(cgroup, false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (cg_check_frozen(cgroup, false))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, NULL, &siginfo))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, NULL, NULL))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ret = KSFT_PASS;
+
+cleanup:
+	if (cgroup)
+		cg_destroy(cgroup);
+	free(cgroup);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#define T(x) { x, #x }
+struct cgfreezer_test {
+	int (*fn)(const char *root);
+	const char *name;
+} tests[] = {
+	T(test_cgfreezer_simple),
+	T(test_cgfreezer_tree),
+	T(test_cgfreezer_forkbomb),
+	T(test_cgfreezer_rmdir),
+	T(test_cgfreezer_migrate),
+	T(test_cgfreezer_ptrace),
+	T(test_cgfreezer_stopped),
+	T(test_cgfreezer_ptraced),
+};
+#undef T
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	char root[PATH_MAX];
+	int i, ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (cg_find_unified_root(root, sizeof(root)))
+		ksft_exit_skip("cgroup v2 isn't mounted\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++) {
+		switch (tests[i].fn(root)) {
+		case KSFT_PASS:
+			ksft_test_result_pass("%s\n", tests[i].name);
+			break;
+		case KSFT_SKIP:
+			ksft_test_result_skip("%s\n", tests[i].name);
+			break;
+		default:
+			ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
+			ksft_test_result_fail("%s\n", tests[i].name);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
-- 
2.19.2

[PATCH v6 7/7] cgroup: document cgroup v2 freezer interface

[Roman Gushchin]

Describe cgroup v2 freezer interface in the cgroup v2 admin guide.

Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
---
 Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
index 07e06136a550..f8335e26b362 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
@@ -864,6 +864,8 @@ All cgroup core files are prefixed with "cgroup."
 	  populated
 		1 if the cgroup or its descendants contains any live
 		processes; otherwise, 0.
+	  frozen
+		1 if the cgroup is frozen; otherwise, 0.
 
   cgroup.max.descendants
 	A read-write single value files.  The default is "max".
@@ -897,6 +899,31 @@ All cgroup core files are prefixed with "cgroup."
 		A dying cgroup can consume system resources not exceeding
 		limits, which were active at the moment of cgroup deletion.
 
+  cgroup.freeze
+	A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+	Allowed values are "0" and "1". The default is "0".
+
+	Writing "1" to the file causes freezing of the cgroup and all
+	descendant cgroups. This means that all belonging processes will
+	be stopped and will not run until the cgroup will be explicitly
+	unfrozen. Freezing of the cgroup may take some time; when this action
+	is completed, the "frozen" value in the cgroup.events control file
+	will be updated to "1" and the corresponding notification will be
+	issued.
+
+	A cgroup can be frozen either by its own settings, or by settings
+	of any ancestor cgroups. If any of ancestor cgroups is frozen, the
+	cgroup will remain frozen.
+
+	Processes in the frozen cgroup can be killed by a fatal signal.
+	They also can enter and leave a frozen cgroup: either by an explicit
+	move by a user, or if freezing of the cgroup races with fork().
+	If a process is moved to a frozen cgroup, it stops. If a process is
+	moved out of a frozen cgroup, it becomes running.
+
+	Frozen status of a cgroup doesn't affect any cgroup tree operations:
+	it's possible to delete a frozen (and empty) cgroup, as well as
+	create new sub-cgroups.
 
 Controllers
 ===========
-- 
2.19.2

Re: [PATCH v6 0/7] freezer for cgroup v2

[Tejun Heo]

On Fri, Dec 21, 2018 at 04:03:00PM -0800, Roman Gushchin wrote:
> This patchset implements freezer for cgroup v2.
> 
> It provides similar functionality as v1 freezer, but the interface
> conforms to the cgroup v2 interface design principles, and it
> provides a better user experience: tasks can be killed, ptrace works,
> there is no separate controller, which has to be enabled, etc.
> 
> Patches (1), (2) and (3) are some preparational work, patch (4) contains
> the implementation, patch (5) is a small cgroup kselftest fix,
> patch (6) covers freezer adds 6 new kselftests to cover the freezer
> functionality. Patch (7) adds corresponding docs.
> 
> v6->v5:
>   - reverted to clear TIF_SIGPENDING with additional checks before schedule(),
>   as proposed by Oleg Nesterov
>   - made cgroup v2 freezer working with the system freezer (by using
>   freezable_schedule())
>   - make freezer working with SIGSTOPped and PTRACEd tasks
>   - added tests to cover freezing a cgroup with SIGSTOPped and PTRACEd tasks

Oleg, ping?

Thanks.

-- 
tejun