All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org>
To: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
	Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>,
	Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>,
	Alan Cox <gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>,
	"Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org>,
	"AKASHI, Takahiro" <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>,
	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	Jan Blunck <jblunck@infradead.org>,
	Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@lip6.fr>,
	Marcus Meissner <meissner@suse.de>, Gary Lin <GLin@suse.com>,
	LSM List <linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org>,
	linux-efi <linux-efi@vger.kernel.org>,
	Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: Firmware signing -- Re: [PATCH 00/27] security, efi: Add kernel lockdown
Date: Tue, 14 Nov 2017 21:50:14 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20171114205014.GJ729@wotan.suse.de> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <CA+55aFxeLwgwxh2iJTf6Dz0T_a_TZfTdhBw5TkcSsCmjt2N5pw@mail.gmail.com>

On Tue, Nov 14, 2017 at 12:18:54PM -0800, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> This is all theoretical security masturbation. The _real_ attacks have
> been elsewhere.

In my research on this front I'll have to agree with this, in terms of
justification and there are only *two* arguments which I've so far have found
to justify firmware signing:

a) If you want signed modules, you therefore should want signed firmware.
   This however seems to be solved by using trusted boot thing, given it
   seems trusted boot requires having firmware be signed as well. (Docs
   would be useful to get about where in the specs this is mandated,
   anyone?). Are there platforms that don't have trusted boot or for which
   they don't enforce hardware checking for signed firmware for which
   we still want to support firmware signing for? Are there platforms
   that require and use module signing but don't and won't have a trusted
   boot of some sort? Do we care?

b) Other kernel components have implemented some sort of "signing" a file
   prior to sending it to the kernel. One is wifi for the regulatory.bin,
   through CRDA, and this helped us persuade certain folks to support wifi
   with open drivers. We can easily replace CRDA with kernel fetch for a
   signed file given most of the APIs for this is available.

Originally effort a) was done for b), as it was believed we needed a).
If we are saying a) is pointless, what about b)? A simple new
kernel_read_file_from_path_pkcs7_signed() or some such would suffice.

Johannes made cfg80211 recently just use request_firmware() now via commit on
linux-next 90a53e4432 ("cfg80211: implement regdb signature checking") [0] as
he got tired of waiting firmware signing, but note he implemented a signature
checking on its own so he open codes verify_pkcs7_signature() after the
request_firmware() call. If we are happy to live with this, then so be it.

[0] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/next/linux-next.git/commit/?id=90a53e4432b12288316efaa5f308adafb8d304b0

  Luis

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: mcgrof@kernel.org (Luis R. Rodriguez)
To: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org
Subject: Firmware signing -- Re: [PATCH 00/27] security, efi: Add kernel lockdown
Date: Tue, 14 Nov 2017 21:50:14 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20171114205014.GJ729@wotan.suse.de> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <CA+55aFxeLwgwxh2iJTf6Dz0T_a_TZfTdhBw5TkcSsCmjt2N5pw@mail.gmail.com>

On Tue, Nov 14, 2017 at 12:18:54PM -0800, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> This is all theoretical security masturbation. The _real_ attacks have
> been elsewhere.

In my research on this front I'll have to agree with this, in terms of
justification and there are only *two* arguments which I've so far have found
to justify firmware signing:

a) If you want signed modules, you therefore should want signed firmware.
   This however seems to be solved by using trusted boot thing, given it
   seems trusted boot requires having firmware be signed as well. (Docs
   would be useful to get about where in the specs this is mandated,
   anyone?). Are there platforms that don't have trusted boot or for which
   they don't enforce hardware checking for signed firmware for which
   we still want to support firmware signing for? Are there platforms
   that require and use module signing but don't and won't have a trusted
   boot of some sort? Do we care?

b) Other kernel components have implemented some sort of "signing" a file
   prior to sending it to the kernel. One is wifi for the regulatory.bin,
   through CRDA, and this helped us persuade certain folks to support wifi
   with open drivers. We can easily replace CRDA with kernel fetch for a
   signed file given most of the APIs for this is available.

Originally effort a) was done for b), as it was believed we needed a).
If we are saying a) is pointless, what about b)? A simple new
kernel_read_file_from_path_pkcs7_signed() or some such would suffice.

Johannes made cfg80211 recently just use request_firmware() now via commit on
linux-next 90a53e4432 ("cfg80211: implement regdb signature checking") [0] as
he got tired of waiting firmware signing, but note he implemented a signature
checking on its own so he open codes verify_pkcs7_signature() after the
request_firmware() call. If we are happy to live with this, then so be it.

[0] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/next/linux-next.git/commit/?id=90a53e4432b12288316efaa5f308adafb8d304b0

  Luis
--
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-security-module" in
the body of a message to majordomo at vger.kernel.org
More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html

  parent reply	other threads:[~2017-11-14 20:50 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 359+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2017-10-19 14:50 [PATCH 00/27] security, efi: Add kernel lockdown David Howells
2017-10-19 14:50 ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:50 ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:50 ` [PATCH 01/27] Add the ability to lock down access to the running kernel image David Howells
2017-10-19 14:50   ` David Howells
2017-10-20 23:19   ` James Morris
2017-10-20 23:19     ` James Morris
2017-10-19 14:50 ` [PATCH 02/27] Add a SysRq option to lift kernel lockdown David Howells
2017-10-19 14:50   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 17:20   ` Randy Dunlap
2017-10-19 17:20     ` Randy Dunlap
2017-10-19 17:20     ` Randy Dunlap
2017-10-19 22:12   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 22:12     ` David Howells
2017-10-19 22:12     ` David Howells
2017-11-07 17:39   ` Thiago Jung Bauermann
2017-11-07 17:39     ` Thiago Jung Bauermann
2017-11-07 22:56   ` David Howells
2017-11-07 22:56     ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:50 ` [PATCH 03/27] Enforce module signatures if the kernel is locked down David Howells
2017-10-19 14:50   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:33   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:33     ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:33     ` joeyli
2017-10-20 23:21   ` James Morris
2017-10-20 23:21     ` James Morris
2017-10-27 18:48   ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-27 18:48     ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-30 17:00   ` David Howells
2017-10-30 17:00     ` David Howells
2017-10-30 17:52     ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-30 17:52       ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 17:22   ` David Howells
2017-11-02 17:22     ` David Howells
2017-11-02 17:22     ` David Howells
2017-11-02 19:13     ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 19:13       ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 21:30     ` David Howells
2017-11-02 21:30       ` David Howells
2017-11-02 21:30       ` David Howells
2017-11-02 21:41       ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 21:41         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 21:41         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 22:01       ` David Howells
2017-11-02 22:01         ` David Howells
2017-11-02 22:01         ` David Howells
2017-11-02 22:18         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 22:18           ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-19 14:51 ` [PATCH 04/27] Restrict /dev/mem and /dev/kmem when " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:51   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:37   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:37     ` joeyli
2017-10-20 23:21   ` James Morris
2017-10-20 23:21     ` James Morris
2017-10-19 14:51 ` [PATCH 05/27] kexec: Disable at runtime if " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:51   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:38   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:38     ` joeyli
2017-10-20 23:22   ` James Morris
2017-10-20 23:22     ` James Morris
2017-10-19 14:51 ` [PATCH 06/27] Copy secure_boot flag in boot params across kexec reboot David Howells
2017-10-19 14:51   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:40   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:40     ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:40     ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:51 ` [PATCH 07/27] kexec_file: Disable at runtime if securelevel has been set David Howells
2017-10-19 14:51   ` David Howells
2017-10-20 23:26   ` James Morris
2017-10-20 23:26     ` James Morris
2017-10-23 15:54   ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-23 15:54     ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-23 15:54     ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-26  7:42     ` joeyli
2017-10-26  7:42       ` joeyli
2017-10-26 14:17       ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-26 14:17         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-27 19:30         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-27 19:30           ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-27 19:32         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-27 19:32           ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-27 19:32           ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-28  8:34           ` joeyli
2017-10-28  8:34             ` joeyli
2017-10-29 22:26             ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-29 22:26               ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-29 22:26               ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-30  9:00       ` David Howells
2017-10-30  9:00         ` David Howells
2017-10-30 12:01         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-30 12:01           ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-26 15:02     ` David Howells
2017-10-26 15:02       ` David Howells
2017-10-26 15:46       ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-26 15:46         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-26 15:46         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-30 15:49       ` David Howells
2017-10-30 15:49         ` David Howells
2017-10-30 16:43         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-30 16:43           ` Mimi Zohar
2017-10-30 16:43           ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 17:00         ` David Howells
2017-11-02 17:00           ` David Howells
2017-10-26 14:51   ` David Howells
2017-10-26 14:51     ` David Howells
2017-10-26 14:51     ` David Howells
2017-11-02 17:29   ` David Howells
2017-11-02 17:29     ` David Howells
2017-11-02 17:29     ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:51 ` [PATCH 08/27] hibernate: Disable when the kernel is locked down David Howells
2017-10-19 14:51   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:40   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:40     ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:40     ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:51 ` [PATCH 09/27] uswsusp: " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:51   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:41   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:41     ` joeyli
2017-10-20 23:29   ` James Morris
2017-10-20 23:29     ` James Morris
2017-10-20 23:29     ` James Morris
2017-10-19 14:51 ` [PATCH 10/27] PCI: Lock down BAR access " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:51   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:42   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:42     ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:42     ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:51 ` [PATCH 11/27] x86: Lock down IO port " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:51   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:43   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:43     ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:52 ` [PATCH 12/27] x86/msr: Restrict MSR " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:52   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:43   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:43     ` joeyli
2017-10-20 18:09   ` Alan Cox
2017-10-20 18:09     ` Alan Cox
2017-10-20 20:48   ` David Howells
2017-10-20 20:48     ` David Howells
2017-10-20 20:48     ` David Howells
2017-10-21  4:39     ` joeyli
2017-10-21  4:39       ` joeyli
2017-10-23 14:49   ` David Howells
2017-10-23 14:49     ` David Howells
2017-10-23 14:49     ` David Howells
2017-10-25 14:03     ` joeyli
2017-10-25 14:03       ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:52 ` [PATCH 13/27] asus-wmi: Restrict debugfs interface " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:52   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:44   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:44     ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:52 ` [PATCH 14/27] ACPI: Limit access to custom_method " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:52   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:45   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:45     ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:52 ` [PATCH 15/27] acpi: Ignore acpi_rsdp kernel param when the kernel has been " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:52   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:45   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:45     ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:52 ` [PATCH 16/27] acpi: Disable ACPI table override if the kernel is " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:52   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:46   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:46     ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:46     ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:52 ` [PATCH 17/27] acpi: Disable APEI error injection " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:52   ` David Howells
2017-10-20  6:47   ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:47     ` joeyli
2017-10-20  6:47     ` joeyli
2017-10-19 14:52 ` [PATCH 18/27] bpf: Restrict kernel image access functions when " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:52   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 22:18   ` Alexei Starovoitov
2017-10-19 22:18     ` Alexei Starovoitov
2017-10-20  2:47     ` joeyli
2017-10-20  2:47       ` joeyli
2017-10-20  8:08     ` David Howells
2017-10-20  8:08       ` David Howells
2017-10-20 15:57       ` jlee
2017-10-20 15:57         ` jlee at suse.com
2017-10-20 23:00         ` Alexei Starovoitov
2017-10-23 14:51         ` David Howells
2017-10-20 16:03       ` David Howells
2017-10-20 16:03         ` David Howells
2017-10-20 16:03         ` David Howells
2017-10-20 16:43         ` jlee
2017-10-20 16:43           ` jlee at suse.com
2017-10-23 14:53         ` David Howells
2017-10-23 14:53           ` David Howells
2017-10-25  7:07           ` joeyli
2017-10-25  7:07             ` joeyli
2017-10-25  7:07             ` joeyli
2017-10-19 22:48   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 22:48     ` David Howells
2017-10-19 23:31     ` Alexei Starovoitov
2017-10-19 23:31       ` Alexei Starovoitov
2017-10-19 23:31       ` Alexei Starovoitov
2017-11-09 17:15     ` David Howells
2017-11-09 17:15       ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:52 ` [PATCH 19/27] scsi: Lock down the eata driver David Howells
2017-10-19 14:52   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53 ` [PATCH 20/27] Prohibit PCMCIA CIS storage when the kernel is locked down David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53 ` [PATCH 21/27] Lock down TIOCSSERIAL David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53 ` [PATCH 22/27] Lock down module params that specify hardware parameters (eg. ioport) David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53 ` [PATCH 23/27] x86/mmiotrace: Lock down the testmmiotrace module David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53 ` [PATCH 24/27] debugfs: Disallow use of debugfs files when the kernel is locked down David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53 ` [PATCH 25/27] Lock down /proc/kcore David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53   ` David Howells
2017-10-21  2:11   ` James Morris
2017-10-21  2:11     ` James Morris
2017-10-23 14:56   ` David Howells
2017-10-23 14:56     ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53 ` [PATCH 26/27] efi: Add an EFI_SECURE_BOOT flag to indicate secure boot mode David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53   ` David Howells
2017-10-21  2:19   ` James Morris
2017-10-21  2:19     ` James Morris
2017-10-21  2:19     ` James Morris
2017-10-23 14:58   ` David Howells
2017-10-23 14:58     ` David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53 ` [PATCH 27/27] efi: Lock down the kernel if booted in " David Howells
2017-10-19 14:53   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 22:39 ` [PATCH 00/27] security, efi: Add kernel lockdown David Howells
2017-10-19 22:39   ` David Howells
2017-10-19 22:39   ` David Howells
2017-10-23 14:34 ` [PATCH 04/27] Restrict /dev/mem and /dev/kmem when the kernel is locked down David Howells
2017-10-23 14:34   ` David Howells
2017-10-23 14:34   ` David Howells
2017-10-24 10:48   ` Ethan Zhao
2017-10-24 10:48     ` Ethan Zhao
2017-10-24 10:48     ` Ethan Zhao
2017-10-24 14:56   ` David Howells
2017-10-24 14:56     ` David Howells
2017-11-02 22:01 ` [PATCH 00/27] security, efi: Add kernel lockdown Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 22:01   ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 22:04 ` Firmware signing -- " David Howells
2017-11-02 22:04   ` David Howells
2017-11-02 22:04   ` David Howells
2017-11-02 22:10   ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-02 22:10     ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-07 23:07     ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-07 23:07       ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-07 23:07       ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-08  6:15       ` AKASHI, Takahiro
2017-11-08  6:15         ` AKASHI, Takahiro
2017-11-08  6:15         ` AKASHI, Takahiro
2017-11-08 19:46         ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-08 19:46           ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-08 19:46           ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-09  1:48           ` AKASHI, Takahiro
2017-11-09  1:48             ` AKASHI, Takahiro
2017-11-09  1:48             ` AKASHI, Takahiro
2017-11-09  2:17             ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-09  2:17               ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-09  4:46               ` AKASHI, Takahiro
2017-11-09  4:46                 ` AKASHI, Takahiro
2017-11-10 13:37                 ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-10 13:37                   ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-11  2:32                 ` Alan Cox
2017-11-11  2:32                   ` Alan Cox
2017-11-11  2:32                   ` Alan Cox
2017-11-13 11:49                   ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-13 11:49                     ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-13 17:42                   ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-13 17:42                     ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-13 17:42                     ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-13 21:08                     ` Alan Cox
2017-11-13 21:08                       ` Alan Cox
2017-12-04 19:51                       ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-12-04 19:51                         ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-12-04 19:51                         ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-12-07 15:32                         ` Alan Cox
2017-12-07 15:32                           ` Alan Cox
2017-12-07 15:32                           ` Alan Cox
2017-11-13 21:44                     ` David Howells
2017-11-13 21:44                       ` David Howells
2017-11-13 22:09                       ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-13 22:09                         ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-13 22:09                         ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-14  0:20                         ` Alan Cox
2017-11-14  0:20                           ` Alan Cox
2017-11-14  0:20                           ` Alan Cox
2017-11-14 12:21                         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-14 12:21                           ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-14 12:38                           ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2017-11-14 12:38                             ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2017-11-14 13:17                             ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-14 13:17                               ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-14 13:17                               ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-14 17:34                           ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-14 17:34                             ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-14 17:34                             ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-14 19:58                             ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 19:58                               ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 19:58                               ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 20:18                               ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-14 20:18                                 ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-14 20:18                                 ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-14 20:31                                 ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 20:31                                   ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 20:31                                   ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 20:35                                   ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-14 20:35                                     ` Linus Torvalds
2017-11-14 20:37                                     ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 20:37                                       ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 20:37                                       ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 20:50                                 ` Luis R. Rodriguez [this message]
2017-11-14 20:50                                   ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-14 20:55                                   ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 20:55                                     ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 20:55                                     ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 22:14                                     ` James Bottomley
2017-11-14 22:14                                       ` James Bottomley
2017-11-14 22:17                                       ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 22:17                                         ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 22:17                                         ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 22:31                                         ` James Bottomley
2017-11-14 22:31                                           ` James Bottomley
2017-11-14 22:31                                           ` James Bottomley
2017-11-14 22:34                                           ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 22:34                                             ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-14 22:34                                             ` Matthew Garrett
2017-11-15 11:49                                   ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-15 11:49                                     ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-15 11:49                                     ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-15 17:52                                     ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-15 17:52                                       ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-15 17:52                                       ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-15 19:56                                       ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-15 19:56                                         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-15 20:46                                         ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-15 20:46                                           ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-16  0:05                                           ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-16  0:05                                             ` Mimi Zohar
2017-12-05 10:27                                 ` Pavel Machek
2017-12-05 10:27                                   ` Pavel Machek
2017-12-07 23:02                                   ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-12-07 23:02                                     ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-12-07 23:02                                     ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-12-08 17:11                                     ` Alan Cox
2017-12-08 17:11                                       ` Alan Cox
2017-12-08 17:11                                       ` Alan Cox
2017-11-10  1:46             ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-10  1:46               ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-10  1:46               ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-10 13:45               ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-10 13:45                 ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-10 13:45                 ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-13 18:50                 ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-13 18:50                   ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-13 18:50                   ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-13 19:08                   ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-13 19:08                     ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-13 19:08                     ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-08 20:01       ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-08 20:01         ` Mimi Zohar
2017-11-08 20:09         ` Luis R. Rodriguez
2017-11-08 20:09           ` Luis R. Rodriguez

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20171114205014.GJ729@wotan.suse.de \
    --to=mcgrof@kernel.org \
    --cc=GLin@suse.com \
    --cc=dhowells@redhat.com \
    --cc=gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk \
    --cc=gregkh@linuxfoundation.org \
    --cc=jblunck@infradead.org \
    --cc=johannes@sipsolutions.net \
    --cc=julia.lawall@lip6.fr \
    --cc=linux-efi@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=meissner@suse.de \
    --cc=mjg59@google.com \
    --cc=takahiro.akashi@linaro.org \
    --cc=torvalds@linux-foundation.org \
    --cc=zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.