All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
* [PATCH 4.9 00/62] 4.9.335-rc1 review
@ 2022-12-05 19:08 Greg Kroah-Hartman
  2022-12-05 19:08 ` [PATCH 4.9 01/62] wifi: mac80211_hwsim: fix debugfs attribute ps with rc table support Greg Kroah-Hartman
                   ` (64 more replies)
  0 siblings, 65 replies; 72+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2022-12-05 19:08 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: stable
  Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, patches, linux-kernel, torvalds, akpm, linux,
	shuah, patches, lkft-triage, pavel, jonathanh, f.fainelli,
	sudipm.mukherjee, srw, rwarsow

This is the start of the stable review cycle for the 4.9.335 release.
There are 62 patches in this series, all will be posted as a response
to this one.  If anyone has any issues with these being applied, please
let me know.

Responses should be made by Wed, 07 Dec 2022 19:07:46 +0000.
Anything received after that time might be too late.

The whole patch series can be found in one patch at:
	https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/stable-review/patch-4.9.335-rc1.gz
or in the git tree and branch at:
	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable-rc.git linux-4.9.y
and the diffstat can be found below.

thanks,

greg k-h

-------------
Pseudo-Shortlog of commits:

Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
    Linux 4.9.335-rc1

Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
    mmc: sdhci: Fix voltage switch delay

Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
    mmc: sdhci: use FIELD_GET for preset value bit masks

Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com>
    x86/ioremap: Fix page aligned size calculation in __ioremap_caller()

Luiz Augusto von Dentz <luiz.von.dentz@intel.com>
    Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix accepting connection request for invalid SPSM

Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
    x86/pm: Add enumeration check before spec MSRs save/restore setup

Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
    x86/tsx: Add a feature bit for TSX control MSR support

Ulrich Hecht <uli+cip@fpond.eu>
    Revert "fbdev: fb_pm2fb: Avoid potential divide by zero error"

Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.com>
    tcp/udp: Fix memory leak in ipv6_renew_options().

Xiongfeng Wang <wangxiongfeng2@huawei.com>
    iommu/vt-d: Fix PCI device refcount leak in dmar_dev_scope_init()

Maxim Korotkov <korotkov.maxim.s@gmail.com>
    pinctrl: single: Fix potential division by zero

Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
    ASoC: ops: Fix bounds check for _sx controls

James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
    arm64: errata: Fix KVM Spectre-v2 mitigation selection for Cortex-A57/A72

James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
    arm64: Fix panic() when Spectre-v2 causes Spectre-BHB to re-allocate KVM vectors

ZhangPeng <zhangpeng362@huawei.com>
    nilfs2: fix NULL pointer dereference in nilfs_palloc_commit_free_entry()

Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
    tools/vm/slabinfo-gnuplot: use "grep -E" instead of "egrep"

ChenXiaoSong <chenxiaosong2@huawei.com>
    btrfs: qgroup: fix sleep from invalid context bug in btrfs_qgroup_inherit()

Yang Yingliang <yangyingliang@huawei.com>
    hwmon: (coretemp) fix pci device refcount leak in nv1a_ram_new()

Phil Auld <pauld@redhat.com>
    hwmon: (coretemp) Check for null before removing sysfs attrs

Yoshihiro Shimoda <yoshihiro.shimoda.uh@renesas.com>
    net: ethernet: renesas: ravb: Fix promiscuous mode after system resumed

Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
    packet: do not set TP_STATUS_CSUM_VALID on CHECKSUM_COMPLETE

YueHaibing <yuehaibing@huawei.com>
    net: hsr: Fix potential use-after-free

Wang Hai <wanghai38@huawei.com>
    net/9p: Fix a potential socket leak in p9_socket_open

Yuan Can <yuancan@huawei.com>
    net: net_netdev: Fix error handling in ntb_netdev_init_module()

Yang Yingliang <yangyingliang@huawei.com>
    net: phy: fix null-ptr-deref while probe() failed

Duoming Zhou <duoming@zju.edu.cn>
    qlcnic: fix sleep-in-atomic-context bugs caused by msleep

Zhang Changzhong <zhangchangzhong@huawei.com>
    can: cc770: cc770_isa_probe(): add missing free_cc770dev()

Zhang Changzhong <zhangchangzhong@huawei.com>
    can: sja1000_isa: sja1000_isa_probe(): add missing free_sja1000dev()

YueHaibing <yuehaibing@huawei.com>
    net/mlx5: Fix uninitialized variable bug in outlen_write()

Gaosheng Cui <cuigaosheng1@huawei.com>
    hwmon: (ibmpex) Fix possible UAF when ibmpex_register_bmc() fails

Yang Yingliang <yangyingliang@huawei.com>
    hwmon: (i5500_temp) fix missing pci_disable_device()

Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com>
    iio: health: afe4404: Fix oob read in afe4404_[read|write]_raw

Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com>
    iio: health: afe4403: Fix oob read in afe4403_read_raw

Christian König <christian.koenig@amd.com>
    drm/amdgpu: always register an MMU notifier for userptr

Enrico Sau <enrico.sau@gmail.com>
    net: usb: qmi_wwan: add Telit 0x103a composition

Gleb Mazovetskiy <glex.spb@gmail.com>
    tcp: configurable source port perturb table size

Xiongfeng Wang <wangxiongfeng2@huawei.com>
    platform/x86: asus-wmi: add missing pci_dev_put() in asus_wmi_set_xusb2pr()

ruanjinjie <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
    xen/platform-pci: add missing free_irq() in error path

Lukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de>
    serial: 8250: 8250_omap: Avoid RS485 RTS glitch on ->set_termios()

Chen Zhongjin <chenzhongjin@huawei.com>
    nilfs2: fix nilfs_sufile_mark_dirty() not set segment usage as dirty

Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
    nios2: add FORCE for vmlinuz.gz

Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
    kconfig: display recursive dependency resolution hint just once

Chen Zhongjin <chenzhongjin@huawei.com>
    iio: core: Fix entry not deleted when iio_register_sw_trigger_type() fails

Alejandro Concepción Rodríguez <asconcepcion@acoro.eu>
    iio: light: apds9960: fix wrong register for gesture gain

Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
    s390/crashdump: fix TOD programmable field size

Yu Liao <liaoyu15@huawei.com>
    net: thunderx: Fix the ACPI memory leak

Martin Faltesek <mfaltesek@google.com>
    nfc: st-nci: fix memory leaks in EVT_TRANSACTION

Martin Faltesek <mfaltesek@google.com>
    nfc: st-nci: fix incorrect validating logic in EVT_TRANSACTION

Liu Shixin <liushixin2@huawei.com>
    NFC: nci: fix memory leak in nci_rx_data_packet()

Chen Zhongjin <chenzhongjin@huawei.com>
    xfrm: Fix ignored return value in xfrm6_init()

Zhang Changzhong <zhangchangzhong@huawei.com>
    net/qla3xxx: fix potential memleak in ql3xxx_send()

Peter Kosyh <pkosyh@yandex.ru>
    net/mlx4: Check retval of mlx4_bitmap_init

Zheng Yongjun <zhengyongjun3@huawei.com>
    ARM: mxs: fix memory leak in mxs_machine_init()

Zhengchao Shao <shaozhengchao@huawei.com>
    9p/fd: fix issue of list_del corruption in p9_fd_cancel()

Wang Hai <wanghai38@huawei.com>
    net: pch_gbe: fix potential memleak in pch_gbe_tx_queue()

Lin Ma <linma@zju.edu.cn>
    nfc/nci: fix race with opening and closing

Michael Grzeschik <m.grzeschik@pengutronix.de>
    ARM: dts: at91: sam9g20ek: enable udc vbus gpio pinctrl

Samuel Holland <samuel@sholland.org>
    bus: sunxi-rsb: Support atomic transfers

Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
    af_key: Fix send_acquire race with pfkey_register

Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
    MIPS: pic32: treat port as signed integer

Nicolas Cavallari <nicolas.cavallari@green-communications.fr>
    wifi: mac80211: Fix ack frame idr leak when mesh has no route

Gaosheng Cui <cuigaosheng1@huawei.com>
    audit: fix undefined behavior in bit shift for AUDIT_BIT

Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
    wifi: mac80211_hwsim: fix debugfs attribute ps with rc table support


-------------

Diffstat:

 Makefile                                           |  4 +-
 arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9g20ek_common.dtsi        |  9 +++
 arch/arm/mach-mxs/mach-mxs.c                       |  4 +-
 arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c                     | 25 +++++---
 arch/mips/include/asm/fw/fw.h                      |  2 +-
 arch/mips/pic32/pic32mzda/early_console.c          | 13 ++--
 arch/mips/pic32/pic32mzda/init.c                   |  2 +-
 arch/nios2/boot/Makefile                           |  2 +-
 arch/s390/kernel/crash_dump.c                      |  2 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h                 |  1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/tsx.c                          | 33 +++++-----
 arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c                              |  8 ++-
 arch/x86/power/cpu.c                               | 23 ++++---
 drivers/bus/sunxi-rsb.c                            | 29 ++++++---
 drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_gem.c            |  8 +--
 drivers/hwmon/coretemp.c                           |  9 ++-
 drivers/hwmon/i5500_temp.c                         |  2 +-
 drivers/hwmon/ibmpex.c                             |  1 +
 drivers/iio/health/afe4403.c                       |  5 +-
 drivers/iio/health/afe4404.c                       | 12 ++--
 drivers/iio/industrialio-sw-trigger.c              |  6 +-
 drivers/iio/light/apds9960.c                       | 12 ++--
 drivers/iommu/dmar.c                               |  1 +
 drivers/mmc/host/sdhci.c                           | 71 ++++++++++++++++++----
 drivers/mmc/host/sdhci.h                           | 12 ++--
 drivers/net/can/cc770/cc770_isa.c                  | 10 +--
 drivers/net/can/sja1000/sja1000_isa.c              | 10 +--
 drivers/net/ethernet/cavium/thunder/thunder_bgx.c  |  4 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx4/qp.c            |  3 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/cmd.c      |  4 +-
 .../net/ethernet/oki-semi/pch_gbe/pch_gbe_main.c   |  1 +
 drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qla3xxx.c              |  1 +
 .../net/ethernet/qlogic/qlcnic/qlcnic_83xx_hw.c    |  4 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/renesas/ravb_main.c           |  1 +
 drivers/net/ntb_netdev.c                           |  9 ++-
 drivers/net/phy/phy_device.c                       |  1 +
 drivers/net/usb/qmi_wwan.c                         |  1 +
 drivers/net/wireless/mac80211_hwsim.c              |  5 ++
 drivers/nfc/st-nci/se.c                            |  6 +-
 drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-single.c                   |  2 +-
 drivers/platform/x86/asus-wmi.c                    |  2 +
 drivers/tty/serial/8250/8250_omap.c                |  7 ++-
 drivers/video/fbdev/pm2fb.c                        |  5 --
 drivers/xen/platform-pci.c                         |  7 ++-
 fs/btrfs/qgroup.c                                  |  9 +--
 fs/nilfs2/dat.c                                    |  7 +++
 fs/nilfs2/sufile.c                                 |  8 +++
 include/uapi/linux/audit.h                         |  2 +-
 net/9p/trans_fd.c                                  |  6 +-
 net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c                         | 13 ++++
 net/hsr/hsr_forward.c                              |  5 +-
 net/ipv4/Kconfig                                   | 10 +++
 net/ipv4/inet_hashtables.c                         | 10 +--
 net/ipv6/ipv6_sockglue.c                           |  7 +++
 net/ipv6/xfrm6_policy.c                            |  6 +-
 net/key/af_key.c                                   | 32 +++++++---
 net/mac80211/mesh_pathtbl.c                        |  2 +-
 net/nfc/nci/core.c                                 |  2 +-
 net/nfc/nci/data.c                                 |  4 +-
 net/packet/af_packet.c                             |  6 +-
 scripts/kconfig/symbol.c                           |  8 ++-
 sound/soc/soc-ops.c                                |  2 +-
 tools/vm/slabinfo-gnuplot.sh                       |  4 +-
 63 files changed, 358 insertions(+), 164 deletions(-)



^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 72+ messages in thread

end of thread, other threads:[~2022-12-06 12:51 UTC | newest]

Thread overview: 72+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2022-12-05 19:08 [PATCH 4.9 00/62] 4.9.335-rc1 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:08 ` [PATCH 4.9 01/62] wifi: mac80211_hwsim: fix debugfs attribute ps with rc table support Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:08 ` [PATCH 4.9 02/62] audit: fix undefined behavior in bit shift for AUDIT_BIT Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 03/62] wifi: mac80211: Fix ack frame idr leak when mesh has no route Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 04/62] MIPS: pic32: treat port as signed integer Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 05/62] af_key: Fix send_acquire race with pfkey_register Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 06/62] bus: sunxi-rsb: Support atomic transfers Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 07/62] ARM: dts: at91: sam9g20ek: enable udc vbus gpio pinctrl Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09   ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 08/62] nfc/nci: fix race with opening and closing Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 09/62] net: pch_gbe: fix potential memleak in pch_gbe_tx_queue() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 10/62] 9p/fd: fix issue of list_del corruption in p9_fd_cancel() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 11/62] ARM: mxs: fix memory leak in mxs_machine_init() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 12/62] net/mlx4: Check retval of mlx4_bitmap_init Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 13/62] net/qla3xxx: fix potential memleak in ql3xxx_send() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 14/62] xfrm: Fix ignored return value in xfrm6_init() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 15/62] NFC: nci: fix memory leak in nci_rx_data_packet() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 16/62] nfc: st-nci: fix incorrect validating logic in EVT_TRANSACTION Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 17/62] nfc: st-nci: fix memory leaks " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 18/62] net: thunderx: Fix the ACPI memory leak Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 19/62] s390/crashdump: fix TOD programmable field size Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 20/62] iio: light: apds9960: fix wrong register for gesture gain Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 21/62] iio: core: Fix entry not deleted when iio_register_sw_trigger_type() fails Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 22/62] kconfig: display recursive dependency resolution hint just once Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 23/62] nios2: add FORCE for vmlinuz.gz Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 24/62] nilfs2: fix nilfs_sufile_mark_dirty() not set segment usage as dirty Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 25/62] serial: 8250: 8250_omap: Avoid RS485 RTS glitch on ->set_termios() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 26/62] xen/platform-pci: add missing free_irq() in error path Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 27/62] platform/x86: asus-wmi: add missing pci_dev_put() in asus_wmi_set_xusb2pr() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 28/62] tcp: configurable source port perturb table size Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 29/62] net: usb: qmi_wwan: add Telit 0x103a composition Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 30/62] drm/amdgpu: always register an MMU notifier for userptr Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 31/62] iio: health: afe4403: Fix oob read in afe4403_read_raw Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 32/62] iio: health: afe4404: Fix oob read in afe4404_[read|write]_raw Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 33/62] hwmon: (i5500_temp) fix missing pci_disable_device() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 34/62] hwmon: (ibmpex) Fix possible UAF when ibmpex_register_bmc() fails Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 35/62] net/mlx5: Fix uninitialized variable bug in outlen_write() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 36/62] can: sja1000_isa: sja1000_isa_probe(): add missing free_sja1000dev() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 37/62] can: cc770: cc770_isa_probe(): add missing free_cc770dev() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 38/62] qlcnic: fix sleep-in-atomic-context bugs caused by msleep Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-06 12:51   ` Pavel Machek
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 39/62] net: phy: fix null-ptr-deref while probe() failed Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 40/62] net: net_netdev: Fix error handling in ntb_netdev_init_module() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 41/62] net/9p: Fix a potential socket leak in p9_socket_open Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 42/62] net: hsr: Fix potential use-after-free Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 43/62] packet: do not set TP_STATUS_CSUM_VALID on CHECKSUM_COMPLETE Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 44/62] net: ethernet: renesas: ravb: Fix promiscuous mode after system resumed Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 45/62] hwmon: (coretemp) Check for null before removing sysfs attrs Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 46/62] hwmon: (coretemp) fix pci device refcount leak in nv1a_ram_new() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 47/62] btrfs: qgroup: fix sleep from invalid context bug in btrfs_qgroup_inherit() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 48/62] tools/vm/slabinfo-gnuplot: use "grep -E" instead of "egrep" Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 49/62] nilfs2: fix NULL pointer dereference in nilfs_palloc_commit_free_entry() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 50/62] arm64: Fix panic() when Spectre-v2 causes Spectre-BHB to re-allocate KVM vectors Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 51/62] arm64: errata: Fix KVM Spectre-v2 mitigation selection for Cortex-A57/A72 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 52/62] ASoC: ops: Fix bounds check for _sx controls Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 53/62] pinctrl: single: Fix potential division by zero Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 54/62] iommu/vt-d: Fix PCI device refcount leak in dmar_dev_scope_init() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 55/62] tcp/udp: Fix memory leak in ipv6_renew_options() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 56/62] Revert "fbdev: fb_pm2fb: Avoid potential divide by zero error" Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 57/62] x86/tsx: Add a feature bit for TSX control MSR support Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 58/62] x86/pm: Add enumeration check before spec MSRs save/restore setup Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 59/62] Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix accepting connection request for invalid SPSM Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 60/62] x86/ioremap: Fix page aligned size calculation in __ioremap_caller() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 61/62] mmc: sdhci: use FIELD_GET for preset value bit masks Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 19:09 ` [PATCH 4.9 62/62] mmc: sdhci: Fix voltage switch delay Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-05 22:28 ` [PATCH 4.9 00/62] 4.9.335-rc1 review Jon Hunter
2022-12-05 22:48   ` Florian Fainelli
2022-12-06  0:11     ` Florian Fainelli
2022-12-06  9:23       ` Adrian Hunter
2022-12-06 11:37         ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-12-06  2:51 ` Shuah Khan
2022-12-06 10:31 ` Pavel Machek

This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.