All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@web.de>
To: qemu-devel <qemu-devel@nongnu.org>
Cc: "Paolo Bonzini" <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
	"Liu Ping Fan" <pingfank@linux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	"Hervé Poussineau" <hpoussin@reactos.org>,
	"Andreas Färber" <afaerber@suse.de>,
	"Jan Kiszka" <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Subject: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 11/14] ioport: Switch dispatching to memory core layer
Date: Sat, 22 Jun 2013 08:07:04 +0200	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <a42b019eee5a56e024379d2f98d55aacdd371b41.1371881222.git.jan.kiszka@web.de> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <cover.1371881222.git.jan.kiszka@web.de>
In-Reply-To: <cover.1371881222.git.jan.kiszka@web.de>

From: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>

The current ioport dispatcher is a complex beast, mostly due to the
need to deal with old portio interface users. But we can overcome it
without converting all portio users by embedding the required base
address of a MemoryRegionPortio access into that data structure. That
removes the need to have the additional MemoryRegionIORange structure
in the loop on every access.

To handle old portio memory ops, we simply install dispatching handlers
for portio memory regions when registering them with the memory core.
This removes the need for the old_portio field.

We can drop the additional aliasing of ioport regions and also the
special address space listener. cpu_in and cpu_out now simply call
address_space_read/write. And we can concentrate portio handling in a
single source file.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
---
 exec.c                         |   27 --------
 include/exec/ioport.h          |    1 -
 include/exec/memory-internal.h |    2 -
 include/exec/memory.h          |    5 +-
 ioport.c                       |  137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 memory.c                       |   88 -------------------------
 6 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 159 deletions(-)

diff --git a/exec.c b/exec.c
index 0b0118b..87c7ef3 100644
--- a/exec.c
+++ b/exec.c
@@ -1760,26 +1760,6 @@ static void core_log_global_stop(MemoryListener *listener)
     cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_tracking(0);
 }
 
-static void io_region_add(MemoryListener *listener,
-                          MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    MemoryRegionIORange *mrio = g_new(MemoryRegionIORange, 1);
-
-    mrio->mr = section->mr;
-    mrio->offset = section->offset_within_region;
-    iorange_init(&mrio->iorange, &memory_region_iorange_ops,
-                 section->offset_within_address_space,
-                 int128_get64(section->size));
-    ioport_register(&mrio->iorange);
-}
-
-static void io_region_del(MemoryListener *listener,
-                          MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    isa_unassign_ioport(section->offset_within_address_space,
-                        int128_get64(section->size));
-}
-
 static MemoryListener core_memory_listener = {
     .begin = core_begin,
     .log_global_start = core_log_global_start,
@@ -1787,12 +1767,6 @@ static MemoryListener core_memory_listener = {
     .priority = 1,
 };
 
-static MemoryListener io_memory_listener = {
-    .region_add = io_region_add,
-    .region_del = io_region_del,
-    .priority = 0,
-};
-
 static MemoryListener tcg_memory_listener = {
     .commit = tcg_commit,
 };
@@ -1834,7 +1808,6 @@ static void memory_map_init(void)
     address_space_init(&address_space_io, system_io, "I/O");
 
     memory_listener_register(&core_memory_listener, &address_space_memory);
-    memory_listener_register(&io_memory_listener, &address_space_io);
     memory_listener_register(&tcg_memory_listener, &address_space_memory);
 }
 
diff --git a/include/exec/ioport.h b/include/exec/ioport.h
index eb99ffe..b476857 100644
--- a/include/exec/ioport.h
+++ b/include/exec/ioport.h
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ typedef struct PortioList {
     struct MemoryRegion *address_space;
     unsigned nr;
     struct MemoryRegion **regions;
-    struct MemoryRegion **aliases;
     void *opaque;
     const char *name;
 } PortioList;
diff --git a/include/exec/memory-internal.h b/include/exec/memory-internal.h
index 26689fe..d0e0633 100644
--- a/include/exec/memory-internal.h
+++ b/include/exec/memory-internal.h
@@ -119,8 +119,6 @@ static inline void cpu_physical_memory_mask_dirty_range(ram_addr_t start,
 void cpu_physical_memory_reset_dirty(ram_addr_t start, ram_addr_t end,
                                      int dirty_flags);
 
-extern const IORangeOps memory_region_iorange_ops;
-
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/exec/memory.h b/include/exec/memory.h
index 3598c4f..7c1e6da 100644
--- a/include/exec/memory.h
+++ b/include/exec/memory.h
@@ -124,10 +124,6 @@ struct MemoryRegionOps {
          bool unaligned;
     } impl;
 
-    /* If .read and .write are not present, old_portio may be used for
-     * backwards compatibility with old portio registration
-     */
-    const MemoryRegionPortio *old_portio;
     /* If .read and .write are not present, old_mmio may be used for
      * backwards compatibility with old mmio registration
      */
@@ -183,6 +179,7 @@ struct MemoryRegionPortio {
     unsigned size;
     IOPortReadFunc *read;
     IOPortWriteFunc *write;
+    uint32_t base; /* private field */
 };
 
 #define PORTIO_END_OF_LIST() { }
diff --git a/ioport.c b/ioport.c
index 56470c5..e34f6b2 100644
--- a/ioport.c
+++ b/ioport.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "exec/ioport.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "exec/memory.h"
+#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
 
 /***********************************************************/
 /* IO Port */
@@ -47,6 +48,12 @@
 #  define LOG_IOPORT(...) do { } while (0)
 #endif
 
+typedef struct MemoryRegionPortioList {
+    MemoryRegion mr;
+    void *portio_opaque;
+    MemoryRegionPortio ports[];
+} MemoryRegionPortioList;
+
 /* XXX: use a two level table to limit memory usage */
 
 static void *ioport_opaque[MAX_IOPORTS];
@@ -279,27 +286,34 @@ void cpu_outb(pio_addr_t addr, uint8_t val)
 {
     LOG_IOPORT("outb: %04"FMT_pioaddr" %02"PRIx8"\n", addr, val);
     trace_cpu_out(addr, val);
-    ioport_write(0, addr, val);
+    address_space_write(&address_space_io, addr, &val, 1);
 }
 
 void cpu_outw(pio_addr_t addr, uint16_t val)
 {
+    uint8_t buf[2];
+
     LOG_IOPORT("outw: %04"FMT_pioaddr" %04"PRIx16"\n", addr, val);
     trace_cpu_out(addr, val);
-    ioport_write(1, addr, val);
+    stw_p(buf, val);
+    address_space_write(&address_space_io, addr, buf, 2);
 }
 
 void cpu_outl(pio_addr_t addr, uint32_t val)
 {
+    uint8_t buf[4];
+
     LOG_IOPORT("outl: %04"FMT_pioaddr" %08"PRIx32"\n", addr, val);
     trace_cpu_out(addr, val);
-    ioport_write(2, addr, val);
+    stl_p(buf, val);
+    address_space_write(&address_space_io, addr, buf, 4);
 }
 
 uint8_t cpu_inb(pio_addr_t addr)
 {
     uint8_t val;
-    val = ioport_read(0, addr);
+
+    address_space_read(&address_space_io, addr, &val, 1);
     trace_cpu_in(addr, val);
     LOG_IOPORT("inb : %04"FMT_pioaddr" %02"PRIx8"\n", addr, val);
     return val;
@@ -307,8 +321,11 @@ uint8_t cpu_inb(pio_addr_t addr)
 
 uint16_t cpu_inw(pio_addr_t addr)
 {
+    uint8_t buf[2];
     uint16_t val;
-    val = ioport_read(1, addr);
+
+    address_space_read(&address_space_io, addr, buf, 2);
+    val = lduw_p(buf);
     trace_cpu_in(addr, val);
     LOG_IOPORT("inw : %04"FMT_pioaddr" %04"PRIx16"\n", addr, val);
     return val;
@@ -316,8 +333,11 @@ uint16_t cpu_inw(pio_addr_t addr)
 
 uint32_t cpu_inl(pio_addr_t addr)
 {
+    uint8_t buf[4];
     uint32_t val;
-    val = ioport_read(2, addr);
+
+    address_space_read(&address_space_io, addr, buf, 4);
+    val = ldl_p(buf);
     trace_cpu_in(addr, val);
     LOG_IOPORT("inl : %04"FMT_pioaddr" %08"PRIx32"\n", addr, val);
     return val;
@@ -336,7 +356,6 @@ void portio_list_init(PortioList *piolist,
     piolist->ports = callbacks;
     piolist->nr = 0;
     piolist->regions = g_new0(MemoryRegion *, n);
-    piolist->aliases = g_new0(MemoryRegion *, n);
     piolist->address_space = NULL;
     piolist->opaque = opaque;
     piolist->name = name;
@@ -345,46 +364,95 @@ void portio_list_init(PortioList *piolist,
 void portio_list_destroy(PortioList *piolist)
 {
     g_free(piolist->regions);
-    g_free(piolist->aliases);
 }
 
+static const MemoryRegionPortio *find_portio(MemoryRegionPortioList *mrpio,
+                                             uint64_t offset, unsigned size,
+                                             bool write)
+{
+    const MemoryRegionPortio *mrp;
+
+    for (mrp = mrpio->ports; mrp->size; ++mrp) {
+        if (offset >= mrp->offset && offset < mrp->offset + mrp->len &&
+            size == mrp->size &&
+            (write ? (bool)mrp->write : (bool)mrp->read)) {
+            return mrp;
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static uint64_t portio_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
+{
+    MemoryRegionPortioList *mrpio = opaque;
+    const MemoryRegionPortio *mrp = find_portio(mrpio, addr, size, false);
+    uint64_t data;
+
+    data = ((uint64_t)1 << (size * 8)) - 1;
+    if (mrp) {
+        data = mrp->read(mrpio->portio_opaque, mrp->base + addr);
+    } else if (size == 2) {
+        mrp = find_portio(mrpio, addr, 1, false);
+        assert(mrp);
+        data = mrp->read(mrpio->portio_opaque, mrp->base + addr) |
+                (mrp->read(mrpio->portio_opaque, mrp->base + addr + 1) << 8);
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+static void portio_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
+                         unsigned size)
+{
+    MemoryRegionPortioList *mrpio = opaque;
+    const MemoryRegionPortio *mrp = find_portio(mrpio, addr, size, true);
+
+    if (mrp) {
+        mrp->write(mrpio->portio_opaque, mrp->base + addr, data);
+    } else if (size == 2) {
+        mrp = find_portio(mrpio, addr, 1, true);
+        assert(mrp);
+        mrp->write(mrpio->portio_opaque, mrp->base + addr, data & 0xff);
+        mrp->write(mrpio->portio_opaque, mrp->base + addr + 1, data >> 8);
+    }
+}
+
+static const MemoryRegionOps portio_ops = {
+    .read = portio_read,
+    .write = portio_write,
+    .valid.unaligned = true,
+    .impl.unaligned = true,
+};
+
 static void portio_list_add_1(PortioList *piolist,
                               const MemoryRegionPortio *pio_init,
                               unsigned count, unsigned start,
                               unsigned off_low, unsigned off_high)
 {
-    MemoryRegionPortio *pio;
-    MemoryRegionOps *ops;
-    MemoryRegion *region, *alias;
+    MemoryRegionPortioList *mrpio;
     unsigned i;
 
     /* Copy the sub-list and null-terminate it.  */
-    pio = g_new(MemoryRegionPortio, count + 1);
-    memcpy(pio, pio_init, sizeof(MemoryRegionPortio) * count);
-    memset(pio + count, 0, sizeof(MemoryRegionPortio));
+    mrpio = g_malloc0(sizeof(MemoryRegionPortioList) +
+                      sizeof(MemoryRegionPortio) * (count + 1));
+    mrpio->portio_opaque = piolist->opaque;
+    memcpy(mrpio->ports, pio_init, sizeof(MemoryRegionPortio) * count);
+    memset(mrpio->ports + count, 0, sizeof(MemoryRegionPortio));
 
     /* Adjust the offsets to all be zero-based for the region.  */
     for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-        pio[i].offset -= off_low;
+        mrpio->ports[i].offset -= off_low;
+        mrpio->ports[i].base = start + off_low;
     }
 
-    ops = g_new0(MemoryRegionOps, 1);
-    ops->old_portio = pio;
-
-    region = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
-    alias = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
     /*
      * Use an alias so that the callback is called with an absolute address,
      * rather than an offset relative to to start + off_low.
      */
-    memory_region_init_io(region, ops, piolist->opaque, piolist->name,
-                          INT64_MAX);
-    memory_region_init_alias(alias, piolist->name,
-                             region, start + off_low, off_high - off_low);
+    memory_region_init_io(&mrpio->mr, &portio_ops, mrpio, piolist->name,
+                          off_high - off_low);
     memory_region_add_subregion(piolist->address_space,
-                                start + off_low, alias);
-    piolist->regions[piolist->nr] = region;
-    piolist->aliases[piolist->nr] = alias;
+                                start + off_low, &mrpio->mr);
+    piolist->regions[piolist->nr] = &mrpio->mr;
     ++piolist->nr;
 }
 
@@ -427,19 +495,14 @@ void portio_list_add(PortioList *piolist,
 
 void portio_list_del(PortioList *piolist)
 {
-    MemoryRegion *mr, *alias;
+    MemoryRegionPortioList *mrpio;
     unsigned i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < piolist->nr; ++i) {
-        mr = piolist->regions[i];
-        alias = piolist->aliases[i];
-        memory_region_del_subregion(piolist->address_space, alias);
-        memory_region_destroy(alias);
-        memory_region_destroy(mr);
-        g_free((MemoryRegionOps *)mr->ops);
-        g_free(mr);
-        g_free(alias);
+        mrpio = container_of(piolist->regions[i], MemoryRegionPortioList, mr);
+        memory_region_del_subregion(piolist->address_space, &mrpio->mr);
+        memory_region_destroy(&mrpio->mr);
+        g_free(mrpio);
         piolist->regions[i] = NULL;
-        piolist->aliases[i] = NULL;
     }
 }
diff --git a/memory.c b/memory.c
index 47b005a..df07b24 100644
--- a/memory.c
+++ b/memory.c
@@ -401,94 +401,6 @@ static void access_with_adjusted_size(hwaddr addr,
     }
 }
 
-static const MemoryRegionPortio *find_portio(MemoryRegion *mr, uint64_t offset,
-                                             unsigned width, bool write)
-{
-    const MemoryRegionPortio *mrp;
-
-    for (mrp = mr->ops->old_portio; mrp->size; ++mrp) {
-        if (offset >= mrp->offset && offset < mrp->offset + mrp->len
-            && width == mrp->size
-            && (write ? (bool)mrp->write : (bool)mrp->read)) {
-            return mrp;
-        }
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-static void memory_region_iorange_read(IORange *iorange,
-                                       uint64_t offset,
-                                       unsigned width,
-                                       uint64_t *data)
-{
-    MemoryRegionIORange *mrio
-        = container_of(iorange, MemoryRegionIORange, iorange);
-    MemoryRegion *mr = mrio->mr;
-
-    offset += mrio->offset;
-    if (mr->ops->old_portio) {
-        const MemoryRegionPortio *mrp = find_portio(mr, offset - mrio->offset,
-                                                    width, false);
-
-        *data = ((uint64_t)1 << (width * 8)) - 1;
-        if (mrp) {
-            *data = mrp->read(mr->opaque, offset);
-        } else if (width == 2) {
-            mrp = find_portio(mr, offset - mrio->offset, 1, false);
-            assert(mrp);
-            *data = mrp->read(mr->opaque, offset) |
-                    (mrp->read(mr->opaque, offset + 1) << 8);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-    *data = 0;
-    access_with_adjusted_size(offset, data, width,
-                              mr->ops->impl.min_access_size,
-                              mr->ops->impl.max_access_size,
-                              memory_region_read_accessor, mr);
-}
-
-static void memory_region_iorange_write(IORange *iorange,
-                                        uint64_t offset,
-                                        unsigned width,
-                                        uint64_t data)
-{
-    MemoryRegionIORange *mrio
-        = container_of(iorange, MemoryRegionIORange, iorange);
-    MemoryRegion *mr = mrio->mr;
-
-    offset += mrio->offset;
-    if (mr->ops->old_portio) {
-        const MemoryRegionPortio *mrp = find_portio(mr, offset - mrio->offset,
-                                                    width, true);
-
-        if (mrp) {
-            mrp->write(mr->opaque, offset, data);
-        } else if (width == 2) {
-            mrp = find_portio(mr, offset - mrio->offset, 1, true);
-            assert(mrp);
-            mrp->write(mr->opaque, offset, data & 0xff);
-            mrp->write(mr->opaque, offset + 1, data >> 8);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-    access_with_adjusted_size(offset, &data, width,
-                              mr->ops->impl.min_access_size,
-                              mr->ops->impl.max_access_size,
-                              memory_region_write_accessor, mr);
-}
-
-static void memory_region_iorange_destructor(IORange *iorange)
-{
-    g_free(container_of(iorange, MemoryRegionIORange, iorange));
-}
-
-const IORangeOps memory_region_iorange_ops = {
-    .read = memory_region_iorange_read,
-    .write = memory_region_iorange_write,
-    .destructor = memory_region_iorange_destructor,
-};
-
 static AddressSpace *memory_region_to_address_space(MemoryRegion *mr)
 {
     AddressSpace *as;
-- 
1.7.3.4

  parent reply	other threads:[~2013-06-22  6:07 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 66+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2013-06-22  6:06 [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 00/14] Refactor portio dispatching Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:06 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 01/14] adlib: replace register_ioport* Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:06 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 02/14] applesmc: " Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:06 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 03/14] wdt_ib700: " Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:06 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 04/14] i82374: " Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:06 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 05/14] prep: " Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:06 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 06/14] vt82c686: " Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:07 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 07/14] Privatize register_ioport_read/write Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:07 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 08/14] isa: implement isa_is_ioport_assigned via memory_region_find Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:07 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 09/14] vmware-vga: Accept unaligned I/O accesses Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:07 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 10/14] xen: Mark fixed platform I/O as unaligned Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:07 ` Jan Kiszka [this message]
2013-06-23 20:50   ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 11/14] ioport: Switch dispatching to memory core layer Hervé Poussineau
2013-06-24  6:07     ` Jan Kiszka
2013-07-11 12:29       ` Alexander Graf
2013-07-11 12:34         ` Alexander Graf
2013-07-11 12:46           ` Andreas Färber
2013-07-11 12:48             ` Alexander Graf
2013-07-11 13:28               ` Alexander Graf
2013-07-11 13:35                 ` Alexander Graf
2013-07-11 22:30                 ` [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-ppc] " Benjamin Herrenschmidt
2013-07-11 22:32                 ` Benjamin Herrenschmidt
2013-07-12  3:18                   ` Alexander Graf
2013-07-12 11:35                     ` Benjamin Herrenschmidt
2013-07-12 17:04                       ` Hervé Poussineau
2013-07-12 19:06                         ` Anthony Liguori
2013-07-12 22:59                           ` Benjamin Herrenschmidt
2013-07-12 22:39                         ` Benjamin Herrenschmidt
2013-07-12 17:49                       ` Anthony Liguori
2013-07-12 18:26                         ` Peter Maydell
2013-07-12 22:50                           ` Benjamin Herrenschmidt
2013-07-12 23:10                             ` Peter Maydell
2013-07-12 23:49                               ` Benjamin Herrenschmidt
2013-07-15 14:01                               ` Anthony Liguori
2013-07-15 14:10                                 ` Peter Maydell
2013-07-15 14:16                                 ` Benjamin Herrenschmidt
2013-07-12 22:44                         ` Benjamin Herrenschmidt
2013-07-13 14:38             ` [Qemu-devel] " Paolo Bonzini
2013-07-13 15:22               ` Anthony Liguori
2013-07-13 18:11                 ` Hervé Poussineau
2013-07-14  6:15                 ` Paolo Bonzini
2013-07-14 13:05                   ` Anthony Liguori
2013-07-14 14:58                     ` Peter Maydell
2013-07-14 15:18                       ` Anthony Liguori
2013-07-14 16:50                         ` Peter Maydell
2013-07-16  7:18                         ` Jan Kiszka
2013-07-16  7:33                           ` Paolo Bonzini
2013-07-16 16:59                             ` Hervé Poussineau
2013-07-16 17:12                               ` Paolo Bonzini
2013-07-12 12:56           ` Anthony Liguori
2013-07-12 14:30             ` Alexander Graf
2013-07-19 11:09         ` [Qemu-devel] BUG: " Alexey Kardashevskiy
2013-07-19 12:49           ` Paolo Bonzini
2013-07-19 15:48             ` Alexey Kardashevskiy
2013-07-20  0:55               ` Alexey Kardashevskiy
2013-07-20  1:11                 ` Alexey Kardashevskiy
2013-07-20 10:11                   ` Paolo Bonzini
2013-07-20 20:53                     ` Edgar E. Iglesias
2013-07-21 15:13                     ` Hervé Poussineau
2013-07-22 10:25                       ` Paolo Bonzini
2013-06-24  8:45     ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v4 " Jan Kiszka
2013-07-12 19:36     ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 " Anthony Liguori
2013-06-22  6:07 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 12/14] ioport: Remove unused old dispatching services Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:07 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 13/14] vmport: Disentangle read handler type from portio Jan Kiszka
2013-06-22  6:07 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 14/14] ioport: Move portio types to ioport.h Jan Kiszka
2013-06-23 20:45 ` [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v3 00/14] Refactor portio dispatching Hervé Poussineau

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=a42b019eee5a56e024379d2f98d55aacdd371b41.1371881222.git.jan.kiszka@web.de \
    --to=jan.kiszka@web.de \
    --cc=afaerber@suse.de \
    --cc=hpoussin@reactos.org \
    --cc=jan.kiszka@siemens.com \
    --cc=pbonzini@redhat.com \
    --cc=pingfank@linux.vnet.ibm.com \
    --cc=qemu-devel@nongnu.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.