From: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> To: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Cc: Andrea Parri <andrea.parri@amarulasolutions.com>, Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>, Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>, Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>, Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>, Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>, LKP <lkp@01.org>, LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>, Netdev <netdev@vger.kernel.org>, "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>, Luc Maranget <luc.maranget@inria.fr>, Jade Alglave <j.alglave@ucl.ac.uk> Subject: Re: rcu_read_lock lost its compiler barrier Date: Sat, 8 Jun 2019 08:19:43 -0700 Message-ID: <20190608151943.GD28207@linux.ibm.com> (raw) In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.44L0.1906061017200.1641-100000@iolanthe.rowland.org> On Thu, Jun 06, 2019 at 10:19:43AM -0400, Alan Stern wrote: > On Thu, 6 Jun 2019, Andrea Parri wrote: > > > This seems a sensible change to me: looking forward to seeing a patch, > > on top of -rcu/dev, for further review and testing! > > > > We could also add (to LKMM) the barrier() for rcu_read_{lock,unlock}() > > discussed in this thread (maybe once the RCU code and the informal doc > > will have settled in such direction). > > Yes. Also for SRCU. That point had not escaped me. And it does seem pretty settled. There are quite a few examples where there are normal accesses at either end of the RCU read-side critical sections, for example, the one in the requirements diffs below. For SRCU, srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock() have implied compiler barriers since 2006. ;-) Thanx, Paul ------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html index 5a9238a2883c..080b39cc1dbb 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html @@ -2129,6 +2129,8 @@ Some of the relevant points of interest are as follows: <li> <a href="#Hotplug CPU">Hotplug CPU</a>. <li> <a href="#Scheduler and RCU">Scheduler and RCU</a>. <li> <a href="#Tracing and RCU">Tracing and RCU</a>. +<li> <a href="#Accesses to User Mamory and RCU"> +Accesses to User Mamory and RCU</a>. <li> <a href="#Energy Efficiency">Energy Efficiency</a>. <li> <a href="#Scheduling-Clock Interrupts and RCU"> Scheduling-Clock Interrupts and RCU</a>. @@ -2521,6 +2523,75 @@ cannot be used. The tracing folks both located the requirement and provided the needed fix, so this surprise requirement was relatively painless. +<h3><a name="Accesses to User Mamory and RCU"> +Accesses to User Mamory and RCU</a></h3> + +<p> +The kernel needs to access user-space memory, for example, to access +data referenced by system-call parameters. +The <tt>get_user()</tt> macro does this job. + +<p> +However, user-space memory might well be paged out, which means +that <tt>get_user()</tt> might well page-fault and thus block while +waiting for the resulting I/O to complete. +It would be a very bad thing for the compiler to reorder +a <tt>get_user()</tt> invocation into an RCU read-side critical +section. +For example, suppose that the source code looked like this: + +<blockquote> +<pre> + 1 rcu_read_lock(); + 2 p = rcu_dereference(gp); + 3 v = p->value; + 4 rcu_read_unlock(); + 5 get_user(user_v, user_p); + 6 do_something_with(v, user_v); +</pre> +</blockquote> + +<p> +The compiler must not be permitted to transform this source code into +the following: + +<blockquote> +<pre> + 1 rcu_read_lock(); + 2 p = rcu_dereference(gp); + 3 get_user(user_v, user_p); // BUG: POSSIBLE PAGE FAULT!!! + 4 v = p->value; + 5 rcu_read_unlock(); + 6 do_something_with(v, user_v); +</pre> +</blockquote> + +<p> +If the compiler did make this transformation in a +<tt>CONFIG_PREEMPT=n</tt> kernel build, and if <tt>get_user()</tt> did +page fault, the result would be a quiescent state in the middle +of an RCU read-side critical section. +This misplaced quiescent state could result in line 4 being +a use-after-free access, which could be bad for your kernel's +actuarial statistics. +Similar examples can be constructed with the call to <tt>get_user()</tt> +preceding the <tt>rcu_read_lock()</tt>. + +<p> +Unfortunately, <tt>get_user()</tt> doesn't have any particular +ordering properties, and in some architectures the underlying <tt>asm</tt> +isn't even marked <tt>volatile</tt>. +And even if it was marked <tt>volatile</tt>, the above access to +<tt>p->value</tt> is not volatile, so the compiler would not have any +reason to keep those two accesses in order. + +<p> +Therefore, the Linux-kernel definitions of <tt>rcu_read_lock()</tt> +and <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> must act as compiler barriers, +at least for outermost instances of <tt>rcu_read_lock()</tt> and +<tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> within a nested set of RCU read-side critical +sections. + <h3><a name="Energy Efficiency">Energy Efficiency</a></h3> <p>
next prev parent reply index Thread overview: 62+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top 2015-09-10 0:57 [rcu] kernel BUG at include/linux/pagemap.h:149! Fengguang Wu 2015-09-10 10:25 ` Boqun Feng 2015-09-10 17:16 ` Paul E. McKenney 2015-09-11 2:19 ` Boqun Feng [not found] ` <CAJzB8QG=1iZW3dQEie6ZSTLv8GZ3YSut0aL1VU7LLmiHQ1B1DQ@mail.gmail.com> 2015-09-11 21:59 ` Paul E. McKenney 2015-09-12 5:46 ` Boqun Feng 2015-09-21 19:30 ` Frederic Weisbecker 2015-09-21 20:43 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-02 5:56 ` rcu_read_lock lost its compiler barrier Herbert Xu 2019-06-02 20:54 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-03 2:46 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-03 3:47 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-03 4:01 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-03 4:17 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-03 7:23 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-03 8:42 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-03 15:26 ` David Laight 2019-06-03 15:40 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-03 5:26 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-03 6:42 ` Boqun Feng 2019-06-03 20:03 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-04 14:44 ` Alan Stern 2019-06-04 16:04 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-04 17:00 ` Alan Stern 2019-06-04 17:29 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-07 14:09 ` inet: frags: Turn fqdir->dead into an int for old Alphas Herbert Xu 2019-06-07 15:26 ` Eric Dumazet 2019-06-07 15:32 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-07 16:13 ` Eric Dumazet 2019-06-07 16:19 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-08 15:27 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-08 17:42 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-08 17:50 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-08 18:50 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-08 18:14 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-06 4:51 ` rcu_read_lock lost its compiler barrier Herbert Xu 2019-06-06 6:05 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-06 6:14 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-06 9:06 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-06 9:28 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-06 10:58 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-06 13:38 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-06 13:48 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-06 8:16 ` Andrea Parri 2019-06-06 14:19 ` Alan Stern 2019-06-08 15:19 ` Paul E. McKenney [this message] 2019-06-08 15:56 ` Alan Stern 2019-06-08 16:31 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-03 9:35 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-06 8:38 ` Andrea Parri 2019-06-06 9:32 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-03 0:06 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-03 3:03 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-03 9:27 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-03 15:55 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-03 16:07 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-03 19:53 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-03 20:24 ` Linus Torvalds 2019-06-04 21:14 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-05 2:21 ` Herbert Xu 2019-06-05 3:30 ` Paul E. McKenney 2019-06-06 4:37 ` Herbert Xu
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