kvm/arm64: Spark benchmark

[Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>]

TLDR
====
Apache Spark spent 12% less time sorting four billion random integers twenty times (in ~4 hours) after this patchset [1].

Hardware
========
HOST $ lscpu
Architecture:           aarch64
  CPU op-mode(s):       32-bit, 64-bit
  Byte Order:           Little Endian
CPU(s):                 128
  On-line CPU(s) list:  0-127
Vendor ID:              ARM
  Model name:           Neoverse-N1
    Model:              1
    Thread(s) per core: 1
    Core(s) per socket: 64
    Socket(s):          2
    Stepping:           r3p1
    Frequency boost:    disabled
    CPU max MHz:        2800.0000
    CPU min MHz:        1000.0000
    BogoMIPS:           50.00
    Flags:              fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm lrcpc dcpop asimddp ssbs
Caches (sum of all):
  L1d:                  8 MiB (128 instances)
  L1i:                  8 MiB (128 instances)
  L2:                   128 MiB (128 instances)
NUMA:
  NUMA node(s):         2
  NUMA node0 CPU(s):    0-63
  NUMA node1 CPU(s):    64-127
Vulnerabilities:
  Itlb multihit:        Not affected
  L1tf:                 Not affected
  Mds:                  Not affected
  Meltdown:             Not affected
  Mmio stale data:      Not affected
  Retbleed:             Not affected
  Spec store bypass:    Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
  Spectre v1:           Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
  Spectre v2:           Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
  Srbds:                Not affected
  Tsx async abort:      Not affected

HOST $ numactl -H
available: 2 nodes (0-1)
node 0 cpus: 0-63
node 0 size: 257730 MB
node 0 free: 1447 MB
node 1 cpus: 64-127
node 1 size: 256877 MB
node 1 free: 256093 MB
node distances:
node   0   1
  0:  10  20
  1:  20  10

HOST $ cat /sys/class/nvme/nvme0/model
INTEL SSDPF21Q800GB

HOST $ cat /sys/class/nvme/nvme0/numa_node
0

Software
========
HOST $ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=22.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=jammy
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS"

HOST $ uname -a
Linux arm 6.4.0-rc4 #1 SMP Sat Jun  3 05:30:06 UTC 2023 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux

HOST $ cat /proc/swaps
Filename				Type		Size		Used		Priority
/dev/nvme0n1p2                          partition	466838356	116922112	-2

HOST $ cat /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled
0x000b

HOST $ cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always madvise [never]

HOST $ cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
always defer defer+madvise madvise [never]

HOST $ qemu-system-aarch64 --version
QEMU emulator version 6.2.0 (Debian 1:6.2+dfsg-2ubuntu6.6)
Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

GUEST $ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=22.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=jammy
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS"

GUEST $ java --version
openjdk 17.0.7 2023-04-18
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.7+7-Ubuntu-0ubuntu122.04.2)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.7+7-Ubuntu-0ubuntu122.04.2, mixed mode, sharing)

GUEST $ spark-shell --version
Welcome to
      ____              __
     / __/__  ___ _____/ /__
    _\ \/ _ \/ _ `/ __/  '_/
   /___/ .__/\_,_/_/ /_/\_\   version 3.4.0
      /_/

Using Scala version 2.12.17, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 17.0.7
Branch HEAD
Compiled by user xinrong.meng on 2023-04-07T02:18:01Z
Revision 87a5442f7ed96b11051d8a9333476d080054e5a0
Url https://github.com/apache/spark
Type --help for more information.

Procedure
=========
HOST $ sudo numactl -N 0 -m 0 qemu-system-aarch64 \
    -M virt,accel=kvm -cpu host -smp 64 -m 300g -nographic -nic user \
    -bios /usr/share/qemu-efi-aarch64/QEMU_EFI.fd \
    -drive if=virtio,format=raw,file=/dev/nvme0n1p1

GUEST $ cat gen.scala
import java.io._
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer

object GenData {
    def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
        val file = new File("/dev/shm/dataset.txt")
        val writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file))
        val buf = ArrayBuffer(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
        for(_ <- 0 until 400000000) {
            for (i <- 0 until 10) {
                buf.update(i, scala.util.Random.nextLong())
            }
            writer.write(s"${buf.mkString(",")}\n")
        }
        writer.close()
    }
}
GenData.main(Array())

GUEST $ cat sort.scala
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession

object SparkSort {
    def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
        val spark = SparkSession.builder().getOrCreate()
        val file = sc.textFile("/dev/shm/dataset.txt", 64)
        val results = file.flatMap(_.split(",")).map(x => (x, 1)).sortByKey().takeOrdered(10)
        results.foreach(println)
        spark.stop()
    }
}
SparkSort.main(Array())

GUEST $ cat run_spark.sh
export SPARK_LOCAL_DIRS=/dev/shm/

spark-shell <gen.scala

start=$SECONDS

for ((i=0; i<20; i++))
do
	spark-3.4.0-bin-hadoop3/bin/spark-shell --master "local[64]" --driver-memory 160g <sort.scala
done

echo "wall time: $((SECONDS - start))"

Results
=======
                       Before [1]    After    Change
----------------------------------------------------
Wall time (seconds)    14455         12865    -12%

Notes
=====
[1] "mm: rmap: Don't flush TLB after checking PTE young for page
    reference" was included so that the comparison is apples to
    Apples.
    https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220706112041.3831-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/